266:, was a horse measuring twelve to fourteen hands high. Their name derives from the word 'hobin', a French word thought to be derived from the Gaelic term 'obann', meaning 'swift.' Though small, the hobby was not necessarily a horse of poor quality. The average value of 11 hobbies used in 1336 in Scotland was £6.8, slightly less than the average for other warhorses, but two hobbies were valued at £10. Another lost during the 1338 campaign in Flanders was valued at 20 marks (£13.6s.8d.)
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102:. These soldiers originated in the Anglo-Welsh armies which invaded Ireland in the 12th century. Jones accepts, however, that the hobelar diverged from the Anglo-Welsh muntator during the 13th century, with the hobelar becoming lighter armed, perhaps for economic reasons. The hobelar is thus still seen as a response to military conditions in Ireland, rather than elsewhere.
197:
In the 1330s, however, a new type of mounted infantryman begins to be recorded; the mounted archer. In the period 1335 to 1350, the mounted archer gradually surpassed the hobelar as the predominant mounted auxiliary, especially for foreign service. For example, of the troops summoned to serve at the
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It is clear from their rapid adoption into
English armies operating in Scotland that the hobelar met a perceived tactical need and, in the early years of the 14th century, hobelars were to be found in all the major border garrisons. It is also clear that these hobelars are increasingly Englishmen,
202:
in 1346–47, 600 were hobelars as against 5000 mounted archers. At the same time, however, the hobelar's place within the structure of
English military obligation crystallised. The arms of a hobelar were first formally defined in 1335. In 1346, it was defined that a man with £10 of goods was to be
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in June 1301. The following year he had three hundred and ninety included in an Irish force of two thousand three hundred. This rose to a total of four hundred and ninety-nine (out of an army of three thousand, four hundred) in 1303, all indicative of their value as light cavalry.
242:. The pony itself was unarmoured, and was ridden in the Irish style, i.e., no saddle, no bridle, no stirrups. In the 1335 description mentioned above, the English hobelar equipment is listed as horse, aketon or
71:
According to James Lydon, "There can be little doubt that the hobelar as a type of soldier originated in
Ireland ... between the fully armoured knight on the 'equus coopertus' and the lightly armoured
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The hobelar remained a named constituent of local forces through the rest of the 14th century but was less commonly mentioned in the 15th century. The final reference to hobelars appears to be a
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were highly mobile, and excelled in scouting, reconnaissance and patrols ... eminently suited to the terrain in which military operations had to be conducted in
Ireland. However superior the
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force, a type of light horseman, which came to be known as the hobelar. It was only a matter of time until this phenomenon found its way ... into other Anglo-Norman armies across the
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There is no surviving description of the equipment of the original Irish hobelar, but they may have been equipped after the style of native Irish cavalry of the period, who wore
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might be upon the field of battle, the bogs and woods of
Ireland gave little opportunity for the mail-clad charge. Thus there evolved in Ireland, as a habitual part of every
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in 1322. The hobelar became a standard feature in
English forces throughout the country in the 1320s and 1330s. Muster records for 1326 show hobelars being recruited in
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More recently, however, this view has been challenged by Robert Jones, who believes that the ancestor of the hobelar was a form of second class cavalryman called a
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and mounted raids, covering 60 to 70 miles (100 to 110 km) a day. Within
Ireland and Britain (and beyond), they were well-known and highly valued.
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on the 'equus discoopertus' there was an intermediate stage. This intermediary ... was provided by the hobelar." He further states that hobelars
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was much impressed by the abilities of the Irish hobelar, resulting in extensive use of them in
Scotland, even procuring six of them from the
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The first reference to hobelars dates to 1296 in
Ireland, when 260 accompanied a contingent of Irish troops to
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153:'s army. Not until after 1300 were there any references of English hobelars. Edward mustered fourteen at
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533:
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Jones, Robert : Re-thinking the origins of the Irish
Hobelar, Cardiff Historical Papers 2008/1
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rather than Irish. Of the 845 hobelars at the siege of Berwick in 1319, 500 were from
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for skirmishing. They originated in 13th century Ireland, and generally rode
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Type of light cavalry or mounted infantry that originated in Medieval Ireland
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553:, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 3rd Series, Volume 8
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182:. 376 English, 10 Welsh and 139 Irish hobelars were mustered at
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541:(1954) "The hobelar:An Irish contribution to medieval warfare
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Hobelars were used successfully by both sides during the
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608:De Hibernia et antiquitatibus eius disquasitiones
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118:trying to gain advantage by preventing Irish
36:A Connemara pony, representative of the hobby
585:Strickland, Matthew; Hardy, Robert (2005).
250:, iron gauntlets, sword, knife, and lance.
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561:Military Obligation in Medieval England
558:
493:
14:
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543:, Irish Sword, II, v, pp. 12–16.
502:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
579:The Irish horse and its early history
551:Mounted Infantry in Mediaeval Warfare
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386:Strickland and hardy (2005), p. 202
63:, a type of light and agile horse.
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213:
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581:, P.R.I.A. 27:B6, pp. 81–86.
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210:in Norfolk and Suffolk in 1485.
577:Scharff, Robert Francis (1908)
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589:. Stroud: Sutton Publishing.
479:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
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112:Wars of Scottish Independence
634:Warfare in medieval Scotland
258:The native Irish horse, the
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629:Military history of Ireland
563:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
332:Hyland (1998), p 32, 14, 37
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262:, represented today by the
126:employed the hobby for his
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138:for his own personal use.
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559:Powicke, Michael (1962).
494:Goodman, Anthony (1981).
461:Ayton (1994), pp34, n. 74
286:Horses in the Middle Ages
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122:of hobbies to Scotland.
521:The Warhorse 1250–1600.
443:Retrieved 14 March 2009
523:UK: Sutton Publishing
475:Ayton, Andrew (1994).
452:Powicke (1962), p. 192
413:Powicke (1962), p. 196
404:Powicke (1962), p. 192
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549:Morris, J.E. (1914),
498:The Wars of the Roses
477:Knights and Warhorses
395:Morris (1914), p. 97.
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441:The scian is a knife
377:Morris (1914), p. 91
368:Morris (1914), p. 89
359:Morris (1914), p. 85
246:, basinet or palet,
208:commission of array
203:armed as a hobelar
116:Edward I of England
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291:Horses in warfare
16:(Redirected from
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88:Anglo-Norman
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517:Hyland, Ann
281:Irish hobby
260:Irish hobby
192:Oxfordshire
168:Westmorland
57:Middle Ages
55:during the
618:Categories
469:References
174:, 24 from
170:, 36 from
164:Cumberland
147:John Wogan
51:, used in
184:Newcastle
92:Irish Sea
270:See also
228:basinets
224:hauberks
180:Tynedale
155:Carlisle
151:Edward I
143:Scotland
132:Edward I
100:muntator
49:infantry
41:Hobelars
18:Hobelars
624:Cavalry
606:(1654)
519:(1998)
220:aketons
188:Norfolk
120:exports
114:, with
67:Origins
61:hobbies
593:
567:
527:
506:
483:
254:Horses
248:gorget
244:plates
240:lances
236:scians
232:swords
226:, and
176:Norham
145:under
136:Decies
84:knight
81:Norman
73:archer
302:Notes
591:ISBN
565:ISBN
525:ISBN
504:ISBN
481:ISBN
238:and
166:and
620::
234:,
222:,
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599:.
573:.
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20:)
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