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turtle.” On March 31, in an unusual act, the turtle went to the shore to bask in the sun. Finally, on April 3, 2011, the giant turtle was netted in an operation that involved members of the
Vietnamese military. The captured creature was put into an enclosure constructed on an island in the middle of the lake, for study and treatment. According to the scientists involved, the turtle was determined to be female, and genetic research suggested it was distinct from the
50:
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308:
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operator, KAT Group, was chosen to prepare a suitable net to capture the sacred animal. The first attempt, on March 8, 2011, failed, as the turtle made a hole in the net with which the workers tried to capture it, and escaped. An expert commented, “It’s hard to catch a large, very large soft-shell
519:
The lake itself is both small and shallow, measuring 200 metres wide, 600 metres long, and only two meters deep. It is also badly polluted, although the turtles could conceivably live underwater indefinitely, coming to the surface only for an occasional gulp of air or a bit of sun. According to
461:
is located. On June 2, 1967, a Hoàn Kiếm turtle died from injuries caused by an abusive fisherman that was ordered to net the turtle and carry it, but instead hit the turtle with a crowbar. The turtle's body was preserved and placed on display in the temple. That particular specimen weighed
432:
One day, not long after the war and the
Chinese had accepted Vietnam's independence, Lê Lợi was out boating on the lake. Suddenly the Golden Turtle God surfaced, prompting Lê Lợi to return Heaven's Will and thank the divine turtle for its help. The Golden Turtle God took back the sword and
342:. However, Farkas et al. repeated their 2003 conclusion in 2011, stating that differences between specimens may be due to age. They also pointed out that Le et al. did not adequately describe their methods for DNA sequencing, and that the genetic sequences used were never sent to
488:
By the Spring of 2011, concerned with the Hoàn Kiếm specimen's more frequent than usual surfacing, and apparent lesions on its body, the city authorities started attempts to capture the giant reptile of Hoàn Kiếm Lake, and take it for medical treatment. On
February 9, a local
548:
So sánh hình thái và phân tích ADN mẫu rùa lớn mai mềm nước ngọt của Việt Nam gần với rùa hồ Hoàn Kiếm (vừa mới chết sáng nay)o(Comparative morphological and DNA analysis of specimens of giant freshwater soft-shelled turtle in
Vietnam related to Hoan Kiem
520:
Pritchard, the turtles are threatened by municipal “improvements” around the lake. The banks have been almost entirely cemented over, leaving only a few yards of rocky beach where a turtle might find a place to bury her clutches of 100 or more eggs.
465:
On March 24, 1998, an amateur cameraman caught the creature on video, conclusively proving the elusive creatures still survived in the lake. Prior to its recent rediscovery, the turtles were thought to be only a legend and were classified as
527:Đức urged people to protect this animal and is quoted as saying, “We hope that we will find a partner for the turtle in Hồ Gươm, so that our legendary animal could avoid extinction.” Believing the turtle to be different from
523:
Plans were underway to clean the lake of pollution, and the construction of an artificial beach had been proposed to facilitate breeding. Dredging the lake, to clean up its bottom, was carried out in
February and March 2011.
698:"Rafetus vietnamensis Le, Le, Tran, Phan, Phan, Tran, Pham, Nguyen, Nong, Phan, Dinh, Truong and Ha, 2010 – another invalid name for an invalid species of softshell turtle (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae)"
299:, was reported dead on 19 January 2016. A local man saw the body of the turtle floating in the water and reported it to the authorities. The last time the turtle was spotted alive was on 21 December 2015.
366:
of China and Đồng Mô, Vietnam. However, the results were not formally announced or ever published in a peer-reviewed research article, and some skepticism has been cast on the results.
338:, and Le Tran Binh, insist that the two turtles are not the same species. Le points out genetic differences as well as differences in morphology, re-describing the Hoan Kiem turtle as
362:
on the grounds of “appropriateness”. Another genetic analysis was purportedly when the turtle was rescued and cleaned, which allegedly showed it to be female and distinct from the
936:
501:
Some witnesses believe there are at least two or three turtles living in Hoàn Kiếm Lake and that the “smaller” one appears more regularly. Đức rejected these reports.
565:
870:
855:
1289:
954:
805:
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597:
Rafetus leloii Hà Dinh Dúc, 2000—an invalid species of softshell turtle from Hoan Kiem Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam (Reptilia, Testudines, Trionychidae).
1077:
892:
673:"COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL AND DNA ANALYSIS OF SPECIMENS OF GIANT FRESHWATER SOFT-SHELLED TURTLE IN VIETNAM RELATED TO HOAN KIEM TURTLE"
462:
200 kg (440 lbs) and measured 1.9 metres long (6 ft 3 in). Until that time, no one was sure if the species still lived.
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Despite eyewitness sightings of two or more turtles, Đức believed that there was only one specimen left in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.
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817:
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of the
Yangtze giant softshell turtle, based a study by Farkas et al. However, some Vietnamese biologists, such as
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and released them in Hoàn Kiếm Lake. Recently, Đức and some researchers found skeletons of giant turtles in
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531:, he is against the idea of crossbreeding turtles of the two kinds. The turtle died in 2016.
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179:
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Depiction of the turtle Kim Quy with the
Restored Sword, in the temple of the Jade Mountain
8:
1135:
516:, a turtle biologist, believed that there were no more than five specimens left in 2008.
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54:
39:
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813:
810:
The Field Guide to Lake
Monsters, Sea Serpent, and Other Mystery Denizens of the Deep
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In 2000, professor Hà Đình Đức gave the Hoàn Kiếm turtle the scientific name
467:
243:
59:
418:
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374:
370:
311:
146:
477:. This nomenclature has been rejected by other herpetologists who assert
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Near the northern shore of Hoàn Kiếm Lake lies Jade Island, on which the
331:
1240:
318:) on Hoàn Kiếm Lake, the natural habitat of the turtle in central Hanoi
136:
284:
is a distinct species. If the two taxa are to be considered distinct,
1145:
955:"Vietnam's sacred turtle in Hoan Kiem lake dies as Communists gather"
351:
86:
1197:
695:
647:"Vietnam's Sacred Turtle Dies at an Awkward, Some Say Ominous, Time"
409:
Stories of the Hoàn Kiếm turtle began in the fifteenth century with
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The last known Hoan Kiem turtle was found dead on 19 January 2016.
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disappeared into depths of the lake. Lê Lợi then renamed the lake
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343:
267:
156:
116:
566:"Rafetus vietnamensis LE et al., 2010 trên The Reptile Database"
453:
A preserved turtle on display in the Temple of the Jade
Mountain
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696:
Farkas, Balázs; Minh Duc Le; Truong Quang Nguyen (2011).
291:
The last known turtle, affectionately known to locals as
893:"Hanoi's Reclusive Lake Turtle Forced Out of Its Shell"
890:
280:), although some Vietnamese biologists asserted that
1085:
856:
Vietnam finally nets legendary turtle for treatment
991:
989:
850:
848:
787:. HANOI, Vietnam. AP. Apr 13, 1998. Archived from
781:"Giant turtle sightings set Vietnam capital abuzz"
421:. According to legend, Lê Lợi had the sword named
1281:
833:
726:
621:Pháp luật - tin pháp luật đời sống mới nhất 2015
986:
845:
1016:"Sacred giant turtle gets embalmed in Vietnam"
829:
827:
825:
274:with the rare Yangtze giant softshell turtle (
1071:
1014:Hanoi, Agence France-Presse in (2019-03-21).
969:"Cu Rua: Vietnam mourns revered Hanoi turtle"
540:
441:), meaning “The Lake of the Returned Sword.”
822:
1078:
1064:
907:
775:
773:
498:turtles in China, and Đồng Mô in Vietnam.
48:
29:
1290:IUCN Red List extinct in the wild species
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
689:
591:
589:
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638:
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448:
400:
346:. They also criticized the fact that Le
306:
295:, meaning “great grandfather turtle” in
270:. Most experts classify this turtle as
937:"Many People See Two Hoan Kiem Turtles"
770:
425:given to him by the Golden Turtle God,
1282:
891:Helen Clark; Brian Webb (2011-04-05),
743:
729:"Sacred turtle returned to Hanoi lake"
584:
1202:
1201:
1059:
1013:
644:
915:"Hoan Kiem turtle is a new species"
555:, 8(3A):949-954, song ngữ Anh-Việt.
13:
14:
1326:
1035:
834:An Dien; Minh Hung (2011-03-11),
727:An Dien; Minh Hung (2011-07-15).
664:
302:
1041:
73:
1007:
961:
947:
929:
884:
861:
795:
645:Ives, Mike (January 22, 2016).
595:Farkas, B and Webb, R.G. 2003.
369:Đức has also hypothesized that
720:
702:Russian Journal of Herpetology
670:
558:
444:
1:
534:
354:by renaming the species from
1310:Tourist attractions in Hanoi
939:. Vietnamnet. Archived from
546:Lê Trần Bình và ctv., 2010,
396:
7:
459:Temple of the Jade Mountain
413:, who became an emperor of
288:may be considered extinct.
10:
1331:
868:Legendary turtle sunbathes
617:"'Cụ' rùa Hồ Gươm đã chết"
553:Tạp chí Công nghệ Sinh học
322:Most authorities classify
258:, based on specimens from
1210:
1169:
1098:
971:. bbc.com. Archived from
377:brought the turtles from
210:
203:
185:
178:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
16:Obsolete taxon of turtle
957:. abc.net. 2016-01-21.
764:March 2, 2008, at the
454:
406:
334:, who first described
319:
1003:on February 26, 2008.
858:, Reuters, 2011-04-04
508:Conservation concerns
452:
404:
310:
1052:at Wikimedia Commons
340:Rafetus vietnamensis
214:Rafetus vietnamensis
1295:Reptiles of Vietnam
481:is synonymous with
417:and founder of the
217:(Lê Trần Bình 2010)
55:Extinct in the Wild
40:Conservation status
1315:Individual turtles
1305:Controversial taxa
943:on April 10, 2011.
873:2011-04-10 at the
651:The New York Times
455:
407:
379:Thanh Hóa Province
320:
1277:
1276:
1204:Taxon identifiers
1195:
1194:
1046:Media related to
997:"Sphere – turtle"
879:VietNamNet Bridge
759:VietNamNet Bridge
731:. Thanh Nien News
246:or controversial
232:
231:
225:Hà Đình Đức, 2000
63:
24:Hoan Kiem turtle
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999:. Archived from
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903:on April 6, 2011
899:, archived from
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840:Thanh Nien Daily
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623:. Archived from
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599:Zool. Abhandl. (
593:
582:
581:
579:
577:
568:. Archived from
562:
556:
544:
468:cryptozoological
277:Rafetus swinhoei
236:Hoàn Kiếm turtle
226:
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78:
77:
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836:"Turtle hurdle"
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671:Le, Tran Binh.
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572:on July 2, 2013
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514:Peter Pritchard
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371:Emperor Thái Tổ
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1212:Rafetus leloii
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1049:Rafetus leloii
1037:
1036:External links
1034:
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854:John Ruwitch,
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791:on 2008-10-21.
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475:Rafetus leloii
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435:Hoàn Kiếm Lake
398:
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328:junior synonym
304:
303:Classification
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260:Hoàn Kiếm Lake
256:Southeast Asia
240:Rafetus leloii
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802:Loren Coleman
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1023:. Retrieved
1020:the Guardian
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1009:
1001:the original
977:. Retrieved
973:the original
963:
949:
941:the original
931:
919:. Retrieved
917:. VietNamNet
909:
901:the original
896:
886:
881:, 2011-04-01
878:
863:
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797:
789:the original
784:
733:. Retrieved
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710:. Retrieved
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679:. Retrieved
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654:. Retrieved
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629:. Retrieved
625:the original
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574:. Retrieved
570:the original
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359:
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312:Turtle Tower
292:
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170:
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147:Trionychidae
18:
1161:Tu'i Malila
1099:Individuals
1086:Individual
921:17 February
712:17 February
681:17 February
656:January 23,
529:R. swinhoei
496:R. swinhoei
491:turtle farm
445:Rediscovery
393:provinces.
364:R. swinhoei
332:Hà Đình Đức
1284:Categories
1025:2022-01-07
979:2018-06-21
631:2016-01-19
535:References
419:Lê dynasty
375:Lê dynasty
297:Vietnamese
272:synonymous
137:Cryptodira
133:Suborder:
127:Testudines
1146:Mr Turpen
1126:Esmeralda
1092:tortoises
397:Mythology
352:ICZN Code
350:violated
286:R. leloii
282:R. leloii
242:, was an
165:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1254:11241544
1227:Q5874348
1221:Wikidata
1136:Jonathan
871:Archived
812:, 2003,
762:Archived
576:April 3,
483:swinhoei
391:Hòa Bình
316:Tháp Rùa
293:"Cụ Rùa"
244:obsolete
205:Synonyms
143:Family:
117:Reptilia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1300:Rafetus
1241:2442651
1156:Timothy
1131:Harriet
1111:Adwaita
1106:Adelita
1088:turtles
735:8 March
601:Dresden
549:turtle)
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