146:
36:
426:
339:, the fraction of the electric current carried by each ionic species. He measured the changes of the concentration of electrolyzed solutions, computed from these the transport numbers (relative carrying capacities) of many ions, and, in 1869, published his principles governing the migration of ions.
346:
and director of laboratories there from 1879 until 1889. He also investigated the light spectra of gases and vapours, worked on the passage of electricity through gases, and discovered new properties of cathode rays (electron rays). In 1869 he ascertained that the cathode rays glowed different
335:. Between 1853 and 1859 his most important work concerned ion movement caused by electric current. In 1853 Hittorf revealed that some ions traveled more rapidly than others. This observation resulted in the concept of
347:
colours because of different gasses and pressures. He noticed that when there was any object placed between the cathode and the illuminating side of the tube, then the shadow of that object appeared.
471:
412:
227:
100:
72:
461:
430:
53:
79:
86:
391:
119:
68:
312:. These rays produced a fluorescence when they hit the glass walls of the tubes. In 1876 the effect was named "
57:
476:
93:
466:
294:
289:
Hittorf was the first to compute the electricity-carrying capacity of charged atoms and molecules (
223:
343:
46:
17:
383:
200:
354:. The measurement of current in a vacuum tube was an important factor for the development of
456:
451:
298:
231:
8:
145:
376:
174:
387:
351:
336:
275:
317:
170:
445:
204:
241:
355:
313:
305:
328:
283:
196:
324:
309:
436:
35:
332:
259:
425:
378:
Flash of the
Cathode Rays: A History of J J Thomson's Electron
413:
Biographical sketch and reprint of paper on migration of ions
279:
166:
382:. Institute of Physics, Bristol and Philadelphia. p.
290:
342:
He became professor of physics and chemistry for the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
375:
308:containing energy rays extending from a negative
443:
472:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
323:Hittorf's early investigations concerned the
301:and the first method for their measurements.
144:
293:), an important factor for understanding
274:(27 March 1824 – 28 November 1914) was a
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
350:His work resulted in the development of
14:
444:
373:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
24:
406:
25:
488:
418:
424:
34:
45:needs additional citations for
462:19th-century German physicists
367:
13:
1:
361:
228:Hittorf's metallic phosphorus
151:
7:
10:
493:
437:The Cathode Ray Tube site
295:electrochemical reactions
265:
255:
248:
237:
219:
211:
181:
159:
143:
136:
69:"Johann Wilhelm Hittorf"
150:Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
431:Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
272:Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
201:Province of Westphalia
138:Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
374:Dahl, Per F. (1997).
344:University of MĂĽnster
304:He experimented with
299:ion transport numbers
477:Scientists from Bonn
433:at Wikimedia Commons
398:Hittorf cathode ray.
232:Ion transport number
224:Crookes–Hittorf tube
54:improve this article
356:vacuum tube diodes
175:Kingdom of Prussia
429:Media related to
352:cathode ray tubes
269:
268:
250:Scientific career
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
484:
428:
401:
400:
381:
371:
337:transport number
297:. He formulated
278:who was born in
276:German physicist
192:
190:
185:28 November 1914
153:
148:
134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
27:German physicist
21:
492:
491:
487:
486:
485:
483:
482:
481:
467:Electrochemists
442:
441:
421:
409:
407:Further reading
404:
394:
372:
368:
364:
318:Eugen Goldstein
230:
226:
207:
194:
188:
186:
177:
164:
155:
139:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
490:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
440:
439:
434:
420:
419:External links
417:
416:
415:
408:
405:
403:
402:
392:
365:
363:
360:
267:
266:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
246:
245:
239:
235:
234:
221:
220:Known for
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
195:
193:(aged 90)
183:
179:
178:
171:Rhine Province
165:
161:
157:
156:
149:
141:
140:
137:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
489:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
447:
438:
435:
432:
427:
423:
422:
414:
411:
410:
399:
395:
393:9780750304535
389:
385:
380:
379:
370:
366:
359:
357:
353:
348:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
264:
261:
258:
254:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:German Empire
202:
198:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:27 March 1824
162:
158:
147:
142:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2018
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
397:
377:
369:
349:
341:
322:
314:cathode rays
303:
288:
282:and died in
271:
270:
249:
242:Hughes Medal
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
457:1914 deaths
452:1824 births
286:, Germany.
212:Nationality
446:Categories
362:References
329:phosphorus
325:allotropes
189:1914-11-29
154: 1904
80:newspapers
310:electrode
333:selenium
284:MĂĽnster
260:Physics
197:MĂĽnster
187: (
94:scholar
18:Hittorf
390:
256:Fields
244:(1903)
238:Awards
215:German
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
316:" by
306:tubes
101:JSTOR
87:books
388:ISBN
331:and
291:ions
280:Bonn
182:Died
167:Bonn
160:Born
73:news
327:of
56:by
448::
396:.
386:.
384:55
358:.
320:.
203:,
199:,
173:,
169:,
152:c.
191:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
