661:
137:
153:
164:
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25:
519:
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2689:
761:, opponents to President Mubarak demanded modifications to the constitution or rewriting it. On 10 February 2011, Mubarak stated that he had requested that Articles 76, 77, 88, 93 and 181 be amended and that Article 179 be removed. Following Mubarak's resignation, the military government of Egypt appointed the
653:, the first modern codified form of a national constitution. It provided for monarchical dominance with the king as head of state with power to influence the legislature. The 1923 Constitution remained in effect throughout the remainder of the monarchy except for the period from 1930 to 1935 when the
726:
that would allow more freedoms; the return to a more sound parliamentary life, correct democratic practice and made Sharia "a source of legislation" (Article II), amended in 1980 to read "the principal source of legislation." With the 1971 constitution, the country was renamed the Arab
Republic of
715:", leading to a 350-elected member National Assembly. This Assembly lasted from 26 March 1964 to 12 November 1968. New elections were held on 20 January 1969, and the Assembly was valid until 30 August 1971. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic during this period.
613:
Throughout the era of the Ayubi state (1171–1250), the
Citadel became the headquarters and the center of power. Legislative and judicial councils diversified, and there was a justice council and another to attend to complaints lodged. Their duties involved laws as well as treaties with foreign
707:
ideology and the basis for future constitutional efforts in the 1960s. On 27 September 1962, a presidential
Constitutional Proclamation was made, which stipulated that the Provisional Constitution of 1958 should remain in force insofar as it did not contradict the Proclamation.
683:
adopted by
President Nasser was the first republican constitution and it stipulated the formation of the National Assembly on 22 July 1957. The assembly was made up of 350 elected members and remained effective until 10 February 1958, when the Egyptian-Syrian merger as the
633:
In 1795, almost six years after the French revolution, a major political uprising demanding rights, freedoms and justice fueled. It brought together national forces and popular leaderships in support of national demands for justice, equality, and freedom.
641:, Egypt was on the verge of a massive revolt. This led to the Ulama laying their hands on a written document which outlined the relationship between the ruler and subject which averted a raise in taxes without the consent of the people's representatives.
617:
In the Mamluk era (1250–1517) Sultan El-Zaher Bebars built the Court of
Justice at Salah El-Deen El-Ayoubi Citadel to be the government premises. Its competence covered enforcement of laws, settling of disputes, and negotiations with nearby countries.
676:, the Constitution of 1923 was abolished by decree in December 1952. In 1953, a provisional constitution was proclaimed on 10 February, and Egypt was declared a republic on 18 June. The republic was governed under martial law until mid-1956.
702:
from the United Arab
Republic, on 21 May 1962, Nasser issued a National Charter that was approved by a 1,750-member National Congress of Popular Powers on 30 June. Though not a constitution, this charter was a distillation of Nasser's
316:
583:
Egypt is known for having one of the earliest administrative and legislative codes in history. Pharaonic civilization laid the groundwork in Egypt in terms of governance and management. The king, or
630:) as far as civil and criminal disputes were concerned. This continued in effect until the end of the 18th Century. Thus, Egypt had been the scene of crucial political and social developments.
1001:
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1541:
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789:
from office in July 2013, and the 2012 constitution was suspended. A roadmap was put in place by the interim government, which included drafting a new constitution. A
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42:
852:
692:
626:
During the
Ottoman era, (1517–1805) Islamic courts constituted the judicial system. Judges had their verdicts directly based on Islamic jurisprudence (
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762:
752:
89:
1310:
270:
61:
1072:
769:
was adopted based on the amended articles in addition to other aimed at steering through the transition period of constitutional reform. A new
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68:
880:
606:
When Egypt became the capital of the Shi'ite
Fatimid Caliphate (969-1171) governance and legislation developed. Furthermore, the city of
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was formulated in March 1958, and a joint
National Assembly was established. It first met on 21 July 1960 and lasted to 22 June 1961.
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603:(Traditions of the Prophet) based on the formula of consultation as one of the fundamental principles of Islamic law.
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108:
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and proposed that
Articles 76, 77, 88, 93, 139, 148 and 189 be amended and Article 179 removed. On 30 March, a new
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has passed over a long period of evolution from the liberal constitution of 1923 to the contemporary constitution.
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took place from 14–15 January 2014, with the overwhelming majority of voters approving the revised constitution.
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During the Islamic era, governance and legislation were principally drawn from the
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2335:
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asked the parliament to amend Article 76 of the constitution that defines how the
587:, at the top of the state hierarchy, appointed high-ranking government officials.
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2183:
1999:
1735:
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1349:
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637:
As a result of the mounting resistance against the Ottoman ruler, the Wali, and
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868:("Constitution of the United Arab Republic", provisional): 1964–1971
24:
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711:
In March 1964, another provisional Constitution was declared, the "
638:
584:
901:: 2014–present; revision of the 2012 Constitution approved by a
1284:
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925:
at State Information Service website. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
862:
Constitutional Proclamation of 1962: 27 September 1962 – 1964
833:
607:
1728:
985:
843:
Provisional constitution of 1953: 10 February – 1956
693:
Provisional Constitution of the United Arab Republic
994:"Factbox: Proposed changes to Egypt's constitution"
960:
Area Handbook for the United Arab Republic (Egypt).
688:was given force and the 1956 Constitution revoked.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
975:"Mubarak refuses to resign - Thursday 10 February"
664:10 February 1953 second constitutional declaration
874:: 11 September 1971 – 2011; adopted by President
649:The first 20th century constitution for Egypt is
2705:
1024:"Egyptian constitution 'approved' in referendum"
796:
763:Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011
753:Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011
1070:
1050:"Egypt's timetable for transition to elections"
722:took office, he moved towards the adoption of
1105:
550:
966:
746:
1112:
1098:
1073:"Egypt president sets date for referendum"
672:that led to the overthrow of the monarch,
557:
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
953:
951:
883:(provisional): 2011–2012; following the
713:Constitution of the United Arab Republic
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937:
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963:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970.
58:"History of the Egyptian Constitution"
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1949:
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1132:
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991:
972:
894:referendum on 15 and 22 December 2012
2688:
1071:Gregg Carlstrom (14 December 2013).
1042:
928:
698:Following the 1961 secession of the
590:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
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992:Saleh, Yasmine (27 February 2011).
973:Adams, Richard (10 February 2011).
13:
1004:from the original on 14 March 2011
916:
881:Constitutional Declaration of 2011
14:
2740:
2059:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
621:
158:Member State of the African Union
16:Aspect of modern Egyptian history
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1916:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
1119:
903:referendum on 14–15 January 2014
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23:
2400:Identification card controversy
1052:. Associated Press. 9 July 2013
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169:Member State of the Arab League
34:needs additional citations for
1306:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
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1016:
1:
1614:
910:
814:Fundamental Ordinance of 1882
797:List of written constitutions
724:a new democratic constitution
610:became the capital of Egypt.
1933:Twin towns and sister cities
1773:
1445:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
776:
312:Supreme Constitutional Court
7:
2461:Vehicle registration plates
2139:
2115:Water supply and sanitation
1950:
1133:
892:: 2012–2014; approved by a
885:Egyptian Revolution of 2011
670:Egyptian revolution of 1952
460:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
241:Mostafa Madbouly's ministry
10:
2745:
2724:Political history of Egypt
2120:Water resources management
859:): 10 February 1958 – 1962
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2015:Impact on the environment
2005:Entrepreneurship policies
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1945:
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791:constitutional referendum
1786:Administrative divisions
1462:2011 Egyptian revolution
1403:1952 Egyptian revolution
1199:Lighthouse of Alexandria
923:"Constitution: Overview"
767:provisional constitution
759:2011 Egyptian revolution
747:2011 Egyptian revolution
718:In 1971, when President
339:Administrative divisions
266:House of Representatives
1990:Egyptian stock exchange
2729:Constitutional history
2719:Legal history of Egypt
2714:Constitutions of Egypt
2321:International rankings
1326:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
822:: 1923–1930, 1935–1952
773:was approved in 2012.
665:
479:Diplomatic missions of
1926:Terrorism and tourism
1384:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1216:Library of Alexandria
849:: 23 June 1956 – 1958
663:
572:Constitution of Egypt
2637:World Heritage Sites
2456:Units of measurement
1911:Proposed new capital
1657:Environmental issues
1418:United Arab Republic
1311:Muhammad Ali dynasty
1075:. Al Jazeera English
957:Harvey Henry Smith.
899:Constitution of 2014
890:Constitution of 2012
872:Constitution of 1971
866:Constitution of 1964
857:United Arab Republic
853:Constitution of 1958
847:Constitution of 1956
826:Constitution of 1930
820:Constitution of 1923
808:Constitution of 1879
700:Syrian Arab Republic
686:United Arab Republic
681:Constitution of 1956
655:Constitution of 1930
212:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
43:improve this article
2309:Freedom of religion
2204:Mass sexual assault
1569:Timekeeping devices
1467:2013 Rabaa massacre
1440:Egyptian–Libyan War
735:In 2005, President
2499:Art (contemporary)
2179:Capital punishment
2069:Telecommunications
1746:Towns and villages
1714:Qattara Depression
1527:Muslim Brotherhood
1497:Cigarette industry
1357:British occupation
1268:Crusader invasions
1238:Rashidun Caliphate
1030:. 23 December 2012
741:President of Egypt
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2504:Botanical gardens
2383:Catholic dioceses
2275:Gender inequality
2199:Human trafficking
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2064:Tallest buildings
2025:Military industry
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1940:
1882:Political parties
1835:Islamic extremism
1823:Foreign relations
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1345:French occupation
1263:Fatimid Caliphate
1258:Ikhshidid dynasty
810:: 1879 (abortive)
591:Early Islamic era
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566:
501:Visa requirements
453:Foreign relations
435:Political parties
370:Recent elections
128:Politics of Egypt
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2086:Cultural tourism
1985:Economic regions
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2632:Public holidays
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2388:Coptic Churches
2331:Egyptian Arabic
2241:Medical schools
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2042:Nuclear program
1954:
1937:
1867:Nationality law
1860:Supreme Council
1845:Law enforcement
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1736:Sinai Peninsula
1719:Red Sea Riviera
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1362:1919 revolution
1350:Revolt of Cairo
1275:Ayyubid dynasty
1253:Tulunid dynasty
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657:was in effect.
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1995:Egyptian pound
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1899:Prime Minister
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99:December 2009
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2519:Coat of arms
2489:Architecture
2378:Christianity
2358:Prostitution
2304:Human rights
2263:Abaza family
2251:Universities
2216:Demographics
2169:Billionaires
1813:Constitution
1808:Conscription
1791:Governorates
1672:Halfaya Pass
1542:1954–present
1502:Constitution
1501:
1457:2010s Crisis
1369:World War II
1331:Urabi revolt
1248:Islamization
1182:31st Dynasty
1177:27th Dynasty
1077:. Retrieved
1066:
1056:23 September
1054:. Retrieved
1044:
1034:23 September
1032:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
987:
979:The Guardian
978:
968:
958:
918:
780:
771:constitution
756:
743:is elected.
734:
731:21st century
717:
710:
697:
690:
678:
667:
651:that of 1923
648:
645:20th century
636:
632:
625:
616:
612:
605:
594:
582:
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568:
412:Referendum:
400:
351:Subdivisions
346:Governorates
184:
179:Constitution
148:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2683:WikiProject
2444:Scientology
2314:LGBT rights
2236:Law schools
2020:Lighthouses
1963:Agriculture
1692:Mount Sinai
1652:Earthquakes
1452:Mubarak era
1423:Six-Day War
1413:Suez Crisis
1408:Land reform
1155:Prehistoric
1079:27 December
1008:27 February
876:Anwar Sadat
828:: 1930–1935
757:During the
720:Anwar Sadat
674:King Farouk
506:Visa policy
322:Saeed Marie
255:Legislature
2708:Categories
2595:Newspapers
2585:Mass media
2437:Synagogues
2405:Irreligion
2353:Literature
2348:Liberalism
2287:Healthcare
2189:Corruption
1872:Parliament
1803:Corruption
1798:Civil Code
1741:Suez Canal
1699:Nile Delta
1584:Alexandria
1554:Population
1549:Parliament
1517:Healthcare
1398:Nasser era
1172:Achaemenid
1147:Chronology
911:References
781:President
614:countries
317:Chancellor
261:Parliament
196:Government
69:newspapers
2590:Magazines
2580:Egyptians
2415:Ahmadiyya
2326:Languages
2292:Hospitals
2226:Education
2093:Transport
2052:Aswan Dam
1980:Companies
1921:Terrorism
1887:President
1850:Massacres
1840:Judiciary
1818:Elections
1687:Mountains
1616:Geography
1594:Port Said
1537:1939–1954
1532:1928–1938
1487:Anarchism
1430:Sadat era
1374:Sultanate
1321:Khedivate
1221:Christian
1189:Ptolemaic
981:. London.
838:abolition
777:2013–2014
364:Elections
305:Judiciary
202:President
2663:Category
2627:Olympics
2563:Football
2395:Hinduism
2363:Religion
2270:Feminism
2258:Families
2221:Diaspora
2184:Censuses
2174:Cannabis
2159:Abortion
2103:Airports
2098:Airlines
2074:Internet
1877:Passport
1855:Military
1828:Missions
1775:Politics
1756:Wildlife
1480:By topic
1393:Republic
1228:Sassanid
1028:BBC News
1002:Archived
834:Republic
803:Monarchy
599:and the
496:Passport
483:in Egypt
465:Minister
2693:Commons
2612:Museums
2556:regions
2524:Cuisine
2509:Castles
2481:Culture
2451:Smoking
2432:Judaism
2420:Mosques
2299:Housing
2246:Schools
2152:General
2141:Society
2081:Tourism
2010:Fishing
1968:Banking
1952:Economy
1677:Islands
1667:Geology
1662:Fossils
1647:Deserts
1642:Climate
1632:Borders
1578:By city
1564:Saladin
1512:Genetic
1492:Capital
1379:Kingdom
1294:Ottoman
1160:Ancient
1135:History
787:removed
727:Egypt.
639:Mamluks
585:Pharaoh
271:Speaker
236:Cabinet
185:history
83:scholar
2673:Portal
2514:Cinema
2368:Baháʼí
2282:Health
2030:Mining
2000:Energy
1724:Rivers
1637:Cities
1559:Postal
1340:Modern
1285:Mamluk
1243:Fustat
1233:Muslim
1165:topics
1123:topics
816:: 1882
628:Sharia
597:Qur'an
441:former
290:Senate
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2617:Music
2600:Radio
2541:Films
2471:Women
2425:Niqāb
2410:Islam
2194:Crime
2035:Mines
1751:Wadis
1709:Oases
1682:Lakes
1627:Biota
1589:Cairo
1507:Copts
1316:Nahda
1206:Roman
1121:Egypt
608:Cairo
601:Sunna
90:JSTOR
76:books
2551:list
2546:Flag
2534:Wine
2529:Beer
2209:Rape
1904:list
1892:list
1729:Nile
1522:Jews
1081:2013
1058:2013
1036:2013
1010:2011
785:was
691:The
679:The
569:The
419:2019
414:2014
401:2025
395:2020
383:2023
378:2018
275:list
223:list
206:list
62:news
45:by
2710::
2605:TV
1026:.
1000:.
996:.
977:.
930:^
481:/
467::
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225:)
208:)
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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