History of prostitution

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attitudes toward non-whites. In the early 19th century British authorities decided it was best to have lower-class white, Asian, Middle Eastern, and Aboriginal women service the prisoners and thereby keep the peace while maintaining strong class lines that isolated British gentlemen and ladies from the lower elements. Prostitution was so profitable that it was easy to circumvent the legal boundaries. When Australians took control by 1900 they wanted a "white Australia" and tried to exclude or expel non-white women who might become prostitutes. However, feminist activists fought against Australia's discriminatory laws that led to varying levels of rights for women, races, and classes. By 1939 new attitudes toward racial harmony began to surface. These were inspired by white Australians to rethink their racist policies and adopt more liberal residency laws that did not focus on sexual or racial issues.

155:) provides a depiction of prostitution being practiced in that time period. In this story, the prostitute waits at the side of a highway for travelers. She covers her face in order to identify herself as a prostitute. Instead of being paid in money, she asks for a kid goat and water. This would have been the equivalent of a high price, showing that only the wealthy owner of numerous herds could have afforded to pay for a single sexual encounter. Under this system, if the traveler does not have his cattle with him, he must give valuables to the woman as a deposit until a kid goat is delivered to her. The woman in the story was not a legitimate prostitute but was actually Judah's widowed daughter-in-law, who sought to trick Judah into impregnating her. In a later biblical story found in the 1344: 817:, with both men and women, as well as Christians, Jews, and Muslims, engaging in the practice. Clients met prostitutes in a variety of locations, including coffeehouses, inns for bachelors (“bachelor rooms”), laundries, restaurants, barbershops, and candy stores. Prostitutes often served sailors and military members, particularly in their lodgings; additionally, prostitutes served clients in private homes, abandoned buildings, and taverns. In early modern Istanbul, evidence suggests that some women worked alone to find clients in public areas at night, while others worked together to bring clients to rooms they rented. To evade detection, some female prostitutes disguised themselves as men, and certain pimps married their prostitutes to remain under the radar. 1514: 1743: 19: 6155: 1757: 1196: 1474:

anti-prostitution activism. Gambling and prostitution were central to life in these western towns, and only later, as the female population increased, reformers moved in and other civilizing influences arrived, did prostitution become less blatant and less common. After a decade or so the mining towns attracted respectable women who ran boarding houses, organized church societies, and worked as laundresses and seamstresses, all while striving for independent status.

377: 6166: 6149: 791: 224: 1594:. This included the prohibition of buying, but not selling, sexual services. This means that only the client commits a crime in engaging in paid sex, not the prostitute. Such laws were enacted in Sweden (1999), Norway (2009), Iceland (2009), Canada (2014), Northern Ireland (2015), France (2016), and the Republic of Ireland (2017), and are also being considered in other jurisdictions. 1236:. The Church was forced to recognize its inability to remove prostitution from the worldly society, and in the 14th century "began to tolerate prostitution as a lesser evil". However, prostitutes were excluded from the Church as long as they continued with their lifestyle. Around the 12th century, the idea of prostitute saints took hold, with 1059:, oiran practiced the arts of dance, music, poetry, and calligraphy as well as sexual services, and education was considered essential for sophisticated conversation. Many became celebrities of their times outside the pleasure districts. Their art and fashions often set trends among wealthy women. The last recorded oiran was in 1761. 1187:. In many areas of France and Germany, municipalities instead limited access to certain streets as areas where prostitution could be tolerated. In Southern Europe, the increasing trend was the establishment of civic brothels, with any prostitution found taking place elsewhere punished for its failure to secure licensing. 843:

or city or forced to pay a fine. Scholars attribute this gap between legal theory and practice to the difficulty of proving sexual misconduct, the incentives faced by the state to permit prostitution, and the ambiguity embedded in legal theory on prostitution, given its legal equivalence to the broader category of

1101: 207:, the goddess of purification, steam baths, midwives, filth, and adulterers. Religious authorities believed women should work as prostitutes if they wish, but only on premises guarded by Tlazolteotl. It was believed that Tlazolteotl had the power to incite sexual activity while cleansing the spirit of such acts. 1371:. Prostitutes were licensed by public health officials and were required to maintain weekly inspections for sexually transmitted diseases. However, due to protests and demonstrations organized by women and members of the clergy, Missouri legislators repealed the legislation allowing regulated prostitution. 1470:, was one of the few who achieved "respectable" status. She nursed victims of an influenza epidemic, earning her acceptance in the community and the support of the sheriff. The townspeople were shocked when she was murdered in 1867 and they honoured her with a lavish funeral and hanging of her assailant. 1712:

Beginning in the late 1980s many states increased the penalties for prostitution in cases where the prostitute is knowingly HIV-positive. These laws, often known as felony prostitution laws, require anyone arrested for prostitution to be tested for HIV. If the test comes back positive, the suspect is

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Until the 1890s, madams predominately ran the businesses, after which male pimps took over. This led to a general decline in the treatment of women. It was not uncommon for brothels in Western towns to operate openly, without the stigma that was beginning to emerge in East Coast cities as a result of

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But as for us, we have been taught that to expose newly-born children is the part of wicked men; and this we have been taught lest we should do any one an injury, and lest we should sin against God, first, because we see that almost all so exposed (not only the girls, but also the males) are brought

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found sex work distasteful. Communist governments often took wide-ranging steps to repress prostitution immediately after obtaining power, although the practice always persisted. In the countries that remained nominally communist after the end of the Cold War, especially China, prostitution remained

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was a growth industry that attracted sex workers from around the globe where they were pulled in by the money, despite the harsh and dangerous working conditions and low prestige. Chinese women were frequently sold by their families and taken to the camps as prostitutes and were often forced to send

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In North America, prostitution was seen as a "necessary evil" that aided in marital fidelity, especially as a system that would allow men to obtain sex when their wives did not desire it. D'Emilio and Freedman document that prostitution was not a crime in the early part of the 19th century, and thus

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being one of the most popular saints of the era. The Church used Mary Magdalene's biblical history of being a reformed harlot to encourage prostitutes to repent and mend their ways. Simultaneously, religious houses were established with the purpose of providing asylum and encouraging the reformation

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districts sanctioned by the colonial governments. As colonial powers entered the Asian countries, there was an increase in the number of sailors at ports. Merchant ships carried large crews of men, who lacked the company of women for days on end. As these ships docked in Asian ports, like Singapore,

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The Ottoman Empire had a complex and ambiguous legal approach to prostitution. While Islamic law prescribes harsh punishments, such as lashes and stoning, for crimes of illicit sex, most prostitutes did not face capital punishment. Instead, prostitutes were typically banished from their neighborhood

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assists Israelite spies by providing them with information regarding the current socio-cultural and military situation. Rahab was knowledgeable in these matters because of her popularity with the high-ranking nobles. The Israelite spies promised, in exchange for this information, to save her and her

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and was home to three classes of women. The first class of women was only permitted to perform sexual rituals in the temple: the second class had access to the grounds and catered to visitors; and the third and lowest class lived on the temple grounds. The third class was also free to find customers

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In the 1830s, prostitution was becoming more visible in North-American cities, and with the professionalization of police forces, visible prostitutes such as streetwalkers risked arrest. But D'Emilio and Freedman note that raids on brothels were comparatively rare, and prostitution was tolerated in

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during the earlier 16th century may have caused this change in attitude. By the early 16th century the association between prostitutes, plague, and contagion emerged, causing brothels and prostitution to be outlawed by secular authority. Furthermore, outlawing brothels and prostitution was used to

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said several times that he was given or purchased female slaves. They were in effect prostituted; not by being owned by a single man who sold their sexual favors, but by being sold from client to client, and thus frequently changing owners. This solved the ban of prostitution, since it was allowed

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and other classical Indian art traditions. This status allowed them to enjoy high social status. The popularity of devadasis seems to have reached its pinnacle around the 10th and 11th centuries. The rise and fall in the status of devadasis can be seen to be running parallel to the rise and fall of

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had been a prostitute actress before ascending to the purple. However, Justinian's legislation aimed to curb underage female prostitution in 529 and nullified the legality of pimps' contracts with their prostitutes in 535. At the same time, his laws excluded the female employees of taverns and inns

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In much of Northern Europe, a more tolerant attitude could be found towards prostitution and prostitutes also found a fruitful market in the Crusades. However, the general tolerance of prostitution was for the most part reluctant, and many people from the church urged prostitutes to reform. By the

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parts of the country. Although China was a nation of wealth, overpopulation of rural areas resulted in localized poverty. Borderline starvation drove many women out of the rural countryside to the port cities of China, where many of the women who took part in prostitution were either sold into the

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in New Orleans was closed down by the Federal government over local objections. In Deadwood, South Dakota, prostitution, while technically illegal, was tolerated by local residents and officials for decades until the last madam was brought down by state and federal authorities for tax evasion in

1498:

During World War I, in the colonial Philippines, U.S. Armed Forces developed a prostitute management program called the "American Plan" which enabled the military to arrest any woman within five miles of a military cantonment. If found infected, a woman could be sentenced to a hospital or a farm

827:

While people of all religions in the Ottoman Empire engaged in prostitution, the experiences of prostitutes differed by their religious identity. In the Ottoman Empire, it was illegal for Muslim women to marry or engage sexually with non-Muslim men, while Muslim men could marry non-Muslim women.

1477:

Australian mining camps had a well-developed system of prostitution. City fathers sometimes tried to confine the practice to red-light districts. The precise role prostitution played in various camps depended on the sex ratio in specific population groups of colonial society as well as racial

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Economic necessity drove many into prostitution, particularly those lacking a support system due to divorce, widowhood, or economic downturns. Poor women, previously enslaved women, women from rural areas, and immigrants were noted to enter prostitution out of financial necessity. Engaging in

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Beginning in the 1910s and continuing in some places into the 1950s, the American Plan operated in the United States. Women were told to report to a health officer where they were coerced to submit to an invasive examination. Immigrants, minorities, and the poor were primarily targeted.

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family during the planned military invasion—but only if she kept the details of her contact with them a secret. She would leave a sign on her residence that indicated to the advancing soldiers not to attack the people within. When the people of Israel conquered Canaan, she converted to

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The houses of prostitution found in every mining camp worldwide were famous, especially in the 19th century when long-distance imports of prostitutes became common. Entrepreneurs set up shops and businesses to cater to the miners, and brothels were largely tolerated in mining towns.

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were raised, almost always to become prostitutes. Enslavement for prostitution was sometimes used as a legal punishment for women. Buyers were allowed to inspect naked men and women for sale in private and there was no stigma attached to the purchase of males by a male aristocrat.

1256:, numbers of Southern German towns closed their brothels in an attempt to eradicate prostitution. In some periods prostitutes had to distinguish themselves from other with particular signs. They sometimes wore very short hair or no hair at all, and sometimes they wore 1378:

was passed by the US Congress and forbid any importation of women for the purpose of prostitution. The national move to criminalize prostitution was led by Protestant middle-class men and women who participated in the revivalism movement of the 19th century.

419:, uncover the practice of prostitution in Ancient Rome. Some large brothels in the fourth century, when Rome was becoming Christianized, seem to have been counted as tourist attractions and were possibly state-owned. Prostitutes played a role in several 1280:

documented in 1793 that prostitutes were distributed by the civil power throughout various villages at a price that was set by civil decree. It was the responsibility of prostitutes to provide services to anyone who could afford the fee. During the

1448:, Singapore, China, and Japan around the same time, this known as the "White Slave Traffic". The most common destination for European prostitutes in Asia were the British colonies of India and Ceylon, where hundreds of women and girls from 828:

Accordingly, the law imposed more severe punishments for Muslim women than non-Muslim women accused of prostitution. Nonetheless, many Muslim women engaged in prostitution, mainly working in their homes and public spaces rather than in

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opined that, "if you expel prostitution from society, you will unsettle everything on account of lusts". Religious campaigns against slavery during and after the collapse of the empire turned prostitution back into a business. Under

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fought to repeal these laws, either on the grounds that prostitution should be illegal and therefore not government regulated or because it forced degrading medical examinations upon women. A similar situation existed in the

1227:

defined a prostitute as "a promiscuous woman, regardless of financial elements". The prostitute was considered a "whore ... who available for the lust of many men", and was most closely associated with promiscuity.

1481:

Latin American mining camps also had well-developed systems of prostitution. In Mexico the government tried to protect and idealize middle-class women but made little effort to protect prostitutes in the mining camps.

1231:

The Church's stance on prostitution was three-fold. It included the "acceptance of prostitution as an inevitable social fact, condemnation of those profiting from this commerce, and encouragement for the prostitute to

1619:

broke up, thousands of Eastern European women became prostitutes in China, Western Europe, Israel, and Turkey every year. There are tens of thousands of women from eastern Europe and Asia working as prostitutes in

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In Germany, attempts to develop a comprehensive framework for prostitution in 2017 have been met by fierce opposition from sex workers, with less than 1% of the prostitutes submitting to their registration duty.

3726: 276:(Gr: πόρνη). Female prostitutes could be independent and sometimes influential women. They were required to wear distinctive dresses and had to pay taxes. Some similarities have been found between the Greek 1174:

it was common to find increasing efforts to limit legal access to the trade. Boroughs empowered with local governmental authority increasingly ruled that prostitutes were not to ply their trade within the

648:, prostitution is considered a sin, and Abu Mas'ud Al-Ansari is attributed with saying, "Allah's Apostle forbade taking the price of a dog, money earned by prostitution and the earnings of a soothsayer." ( 1054:

also known as a "woman of pleasure" or prostitute. Among the oiran, the tayū (太夫) was considered the highest rank of courtesan available only to the wealthiest and highest ranking men. To entertain their

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Füsun Çoban Döşkaya and Ahmet Aksın (2015). "Prostitutes in Ottoman Archival Sources." International Conference on Knowledge and Politics in Gender and Women’s Studies. METU GWS Conference. pp. 456–65.

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dancers. As British women began arriving in British India in large numbers from the early to mid-19th century, it became increasingly uncommon for British soldiers to visit Indian prostitutes, and

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illegal but was nonetheless common. In many current or former communist countries, the economic depression brought about by the collapse of the Soviet Union led to an increase in prostitution.

832:. Female prostitutes generally attempted to limit their sexual interactions to “confessional lines” since cases were more likely to be brought to court when religious boundaries were crossed. 119:

In later years, sacred prostitution and similar classifications for females were known to have existed in Greece, Rome, India, China, and Japan. Such practices came to an end when the emperor

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became a central hub for the trafficking of women, with networks operating both domestically and internationally. Both men and women were involved in trafficking and procuring prostitutes.

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Fischer-Tiné, Harald (2003), "'White women degrading themselves to the lowest depths': European networks of prostitution and colonial anxieties in British India and Ceylon ca. 1880–1914",

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tradition in Japan, their main purpose was to professionally entertain their guests. While sex was often incidental, it was not assured contractually. The most popular or highest-class

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has been practiced throughout ancient and modern cultures. Prostitution has been described as "the world's oldest profession", though this is unverifiable, and most likely incorrect.

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In the United States, prostitution was originally widely legal. Prostitution was made illegal in almost all states between 1910 and 1915 largely due to the influence of the 1st wave

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were free to engage prostitutes of either sex without incurring moral disapproval, as long as they demonstrated self-control and moderation in the frequency and enjoyment of sex.

2297: 1407:. This included prostitutes operating out of government-sanctioned brothels given yellow internal passports signifying their status and were subjected to weekly physical exams. 1179:; they were tolerated outside only because these areas were beyond the jurisdiction of the authorities or because the authorities profited themselves. In London the brothels of 1398:. This legislation mandated pelvic examinations for suspected prostitutes. It applied not only to the United Kingdom and France but also to their overseas colonies. Many early 835:

Records show that male prostitutes were also present in the Ottoman Empire. Most male prostitutes were registered with the state, and they often worked in public bathhouses.

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began to adopt the policy of social segregation, but they continued to keep their brothels full of Indian women. In the 19th and early 20th centuries there was a network of

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is a Nahuatl word that means "house of women". The Cihuacalli was a closed compound with rooms, all looking over a central patio. At the center of the patio was a statue of

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Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Jesper Bosse Jønsson, and Hannelore Verbrugge. "For richer, for poorer: marriage and casualized sex in East African artisanal mining settlements".

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In 20th-century African mining camps, prostitution followed the historical patterns developed in the 19th century. They added the theme of casual temporary marriages.

3716: 1974: 724:, which according to some Western writers, has allegedly been used as a legitimizing cover for sex workers, in a culture where prostitution is otherwise forbidden. 58:

was home to many shrines, temples, or "houses of heaven", which were dedicated to various deities. These shrines and temples were documented by the Greek historian

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Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Jesper Bosse Jønsson, and Hannelore Verbrugge. "Prostitution or partnership? Wifestyles in Tanzanian artisanal gold-mining settlements".

593:. As the temples became poorer and lost their patron kings, and in some cases were destroyed, the devadasis were forced into lives of poverty and prostitution. 1532:

thought of it as "only a specific expression of the general prostitution of the laborer", and considered its abolition to be necessary to overcome capitalism.

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Muslims, who make up the majority of Muslims worldwide, believe the practice of nikah mut‘ah was revoked and ultimately forbidden by the second Sunni caliph,

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London Labour and the London Poor; a cyclopaedia of the condition and earnings of those that will work, those that cannot work, and those that will not work

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industry or willingly joined. Due to their lack of economic stability, parents unable to feed their families often sold their daughters into the industry.

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is named "Babylon the Great, the Mother of Prostitutes and Abominations of the Earth". However, the word "whore" could also be translated as "idolatress".

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Walkowitz, Judith R. "History and the Politics of Prostitution: Prostitution and the Politics of History". in Marlene Spanger and May-Len Skilbrei, eds.,

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custom of the time. Slave boys worked the male brothels in Athens, while free boys who sold their favours risked losing their political rights as adults.

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prostitution was commonly found in urban and suburban contexts. Although all forms of sexual activity outside of marriage were regarded as sinful by the

3825: 1721:. Penalties for felony prostitution vary in the states that have such laws, with maximum sentences of typically 10 to 15 years in prison. An episode of 655: 1669:. While this law did not criminalise the act of prostitution itself, it did prohibit such activities as running a brothel and soliciting for paid sex. 2487: 5168: 2525: 2060: 6067: 3748: 1073:

and as far as San Francisco in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century to work as prostitutes, courtesans and

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Hock, Stefan (2019). "To Bring about a ‘Moral of Renewal’: The Deportation of Sex Workers in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War."

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Fisher, Michael H. (2007), "Excluding and Including "Natives of India": Early-Nineteenth-Century British-Indian Race Relations in Britain",

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they were drawn to the market of prostitution. This higher demand for the company of a woman created the need for these brothel districts.

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forbidding clergy from using such establishments and the eventual creation of a separate system of hostels for ecclesiastics and pilgrims.

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brothels (or bawdy houses) were tolerated in American cities and the laws against individual prostitutes were enforced only occasionally.

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prostitution often tainted these women as “disreputable,” which led to their alienation and further limited their economic opportunities.

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in societies where other women did not wear them. Ancient codes regulated the crime of a prostitute that dissimulated her profession.

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of prostitution. Magdalene Homes were particularly popular and peaked in the early 14th century. Over the course of the Middle Ages,

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mining towns, cattle towns, and urban centers in the American east. In 1870, prostitution was legalized and regulated in the city of

470:, captured, purchased, or raised for the purpose of prostitution. This was sometimes done by large-scale "prostitute farmers" where 3372: 479:

was the first Roman emperor to tax prostitution. It remained for about 450 years before being abolished under the Christian emperor

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In the early 20th century, the problem of regulating prostitution according to modern European models was widely debated in Japan.

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In the 16th and 17th centuries, Portuguese visitors and their South Asian (and sometimes African) crew members often engaged in

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Jenness, Valerie (1990). "From Sex as Sin to Sex as Work: COYOTE and the Reorganization of Prostitution as a Social Problem",

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Tambe, Ashwini (2005), "The Elusive Ingénue: A Transnational Feminist Analysis of European Prostitution in Colonial Bombay",

2936: 2144: 1821: 1681: 1343: 1065:, literally meaning "Ms. Gone Abroad", were Japanese women who traveled to or were trafficked to East Asia, Southeast Asia, 1881: 1997: 1155: 2232: 1394:. In the 19th century legalized prostitution became a public controversy as France and then the United Kingdom passed the 6210: 6107: 6097: 5997: 5285: 775: 604:

in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it was initially fairly common for British soldiers to engage in inter-ethnic

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were as famous for their company as their beauty, and some of these women charged extraordinary sums for their services.

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could often pick and choose between the best of their suitors. They contributed to music, dance, theatre, film, and the

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was the name given to the controlled buildings where prostitution was permitted by political and religious authorities.

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from punishment for adultery given that prostitution was considered an essential part of their employment; this led to

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Hindu temples. Due to the destruction of temples by Islamic invaders, the status of the temples fell very quickly in

466:. There were some similarities with the ancient Greek system but, as the Empire grew, prostitutes were often foreign 1587:

alleged that three out of four men between the ages of 20 and 50 who have visited Asia or Africa have paid for sex.

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The trials of Nina McCall: sex, surveillance, and the decades-long government plan to imprison "promiscuous" women

1119:, partially on the basis of Augustine's support, prostitution was tolerated because it helped prevent the greater 5857: 5822: 5782: 3799: 3637: 3522: 2883: 2423: 1616: 2684:

Sabev, Orlin (2021). "How to Manage the Unmanageable: Inconsistent Ottoman Strategies to Prevent Prostitution."

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Roseann Cohen, "Extractive Desires: The Moral Control of Female Sexuality at Colombia's Gold Mining Frontier".

3223: 2595: 1811: 1801: 1440:, in what was then known as the "Yellow Slave Traffic". There was also a network of European prostitutes being 1219: 994:, there was a community of Japanese slaves and traders during the late 16th and 17th centuries. Later European 507: 353:, a sixth of a drachma, and the equivalent of an ordinary worker's day salary. The rare pictures describe that 243: 2616:

Gordon, Murray (1989). Slavery in the Arab World. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-941533-30-0.

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Gordon, Murray (1989). Slavery in the Arab World. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-941533-30-0.

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Sheldon Garon, "The World's Oldest Debate? Prostitution cactus and the State in Imperial Japan, 1900-1945",

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Three prostitutes in a doorway on Rue Asselin, in Paris's red-light district, ca. 1924–25, photographed by

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Inca prostitutes were segregated from other people and lived under the supervision of a government agent.

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Kalpana Kannabiran, "Judiciary, Social Reform and Debate on 'Religious Prostitution' in Colonial India".

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presided. While prostitution was widely accepted, prostitutes were often considered shameful. Most were

104:, a significant portion of temple prostitutes were male. Male prostitution was also widely practiced in 6032: 5977: 5762: 5707: 5697: 5667: 5647: 5515: 5460: 5430: 5405: 5320: 5310: 5056: 4761: 3756: 3629:

William E. French, "Prostitutes and guardian angels: women, work, and the family in Porfirian Mexico".

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Male prostitution was also common in Greece. Adolescent boys usually practiced it, a reflection of the

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In the early 17th century, there was widespread male and female prostitution throughout the cities of

732:. Shias deem all sexual relations outside of proper marriage (the only being nikah or nikah mutah) as 6215: 6205: 6037: 5947: 5917: 5792: 5692: 5597: 5577: 5552: 5300: 5290: 5046: 4119: 1831: 1282: 740: 580:). They were in charge of taking care of the temple, performing rituals they learned, and practicing 446: 2545: 1583:. Sex tourism was typically undertaken internationally by tourists from wealthier countries. Author 6057: 5987: 5982: 5952: 5902: 5867: 5847: 5827: 5752: 5717: 5572: 5495: 5490: 5455: 5425: 5395: 5390: 5375: 5360: 5325: 5034: 4908: 3053: 2996:"Proteomics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: the treasure hunt for countermeasures against an old disease" 1666: 1662: 1395: 999: 748: 619: 420: 4609: 4561: 4519: 4477: 4299: 4208: 4035: 3965: 2588:"Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations in exchange for payment" 2402: 310:) in the sixth century BC, and with the earnings of this business, he built a temple dedicated to 6200: 6042: 6027: 6022: 6002: 5922: 5907: 5877: 5802: 5772: 5767: 5757: 5742: 5682: 5632: 5587: 5582: 5525: 5505: 5485: 5480: 5465: 5450: 5435: 5385: 5355: 5335: 5330: 5315: 5305: 5295: 5270: 5265: 4639:

Pirates, Prostitutes and Pullers: Explorations in the Ethno- and Social History of Southeast Asia

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Julia Ann Laite, "Historical Perspectives on Industrial Development, Mining, and Prostitution",

1859:, 37(3), 403-420. "rostitution has existed in every society for which there are written records" 260:

In ancient Greece, both women and men engaged in prostitution. The Greek word for prostitute is

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for the estimated 200,000 mostly Korean and Chinese women who were forced into prostitution in

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texts describe who they were, their prices, how many times they could bring their customers to

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under Roman law received. Prostitution thus reflects the ambivalent attitudes of Romans toward

323: 4320: 4007: 3916: 2928: 1285:, prostitutes paid taxes. J. A. Skertchly wrote in 1874 that prostitutes were licensed by the 1206:

By the end of the 15th-century attitudes began to harden against prostitution. An outbreak of

6195: 6169: 6047: 5967: 5942: 5892: 5872: 5797: 5777: 5732: 5702: 5687: 5652: 5637: 5622: 5592: 5567: 5537: 5470: 5420: 5415: 5345: 5182: 5028: 4930: 4925: 4857: 4754: 4278: 4185: 3794: 3603:, "Sex Workers or Citizens? Prostitution and the Shaping of 'Settler' Society in Australia". 3587: 1970: 1685: 1441: 1312:

who helped wash clients by soaping and scrubbing their bodies. They also were referred to as

1116: 1056: 1007: 960: 902: 763: 605: 601: 120: 64: 31: 4257: 2028: 349:, who worked near the bridges. In the fifth century, Ateneo informs us that the price was 1 80:

are the earliest recorded mention of prostitution as an occupation. These describe a temple

5992: 5852: 5817: 5727: 5672: 5607: 5602: 5547: 5500: 5440: 5410: 5239: 4935: 1429: 1184: 1078: 663: 633: 235: 18: 1077:. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a network of Japanese prostitutes being 8: 6159: 5083: 4996: 4887: 4877: 4852: 4383:

The Economy of Prostitution in the Roman World: A Study of Social History and the Brothel

3514:

Hirata, "Free, Indentured, Enslaved: Chinese Prostitutes in Nineteenth-Century America",

3361: 1826: 1762: 1553: 1249:

made various attempts to remove prostitution or reform prostitutes with varying success.

970:, where they brought or captured young Japanese women and girls, who were either used as 940: 907:

From the 15th century, Chinese, Korean, and other Far Eastern visitors began frequenting

759: 744: 671: 499: 69: 49: 4563:

Nedim and the poetics of the Ottoman court: medieval inheritance and the need for change

3585:

Elaine McKewon, "The historical geography of prostitution in Perth, Western Australia".

288:, complex figures that are perhaps in an intermediate position between prostitution and 5203: 5073: 4918: 4847: 3463: 3433: 3290: 3282: 3030: 2995: 2458: 1584: 1510:

was signed. In this convention, some nations declared reservations about prostitution.

1449: 1215: 1143: 1003: 935: 755: 597: 494: 407:

also often refers to prostitutes. Real-world practices are documented by provisions of

354: 311: 176: 2653:

Acar, Kezban (2018). "Procuring and Trafficking in Women in the Late Ottoman Empire."

1200: 6148: 5210: 5175: 5112: 4862: 4735: 4664: 4643: 4615: 4596: 4586: 4567: 4525: 4504: 4483: 4448: 4429: 4408: 4387: 4366: 4347: 4326: 4305: 4284: 4263: 4242: 4214: 4193: 4170: 4149: 4125: 4104: 4085: 4078: 4062: 4041: 4013: 3992: 3971: 3467: 3437: 3326:, p. 242 " Be informed, furthermore, that all of the bath-boys are bardashes .". 3294: 3235: 3176: 3035: 3017: 2932: 2462: 2371: 2067:: From Greek. Fr. transliteration; pornē; English; prostitute/whore. 2) Metaphor; an 1933: 1309: 930: 916: 471: 438: 424: 55: 3867: 1590:

A new legal approach to prostitution emerged at the end of the 20th century, termed

1466:

their earnings back to the family in China. In Virginia City, Nevada, a prostitute,

272:, and its corollaries in other languages, are directly derivative of the Greek word 5154: 5126: 5017: 4711: 4259:

Gold Diggers & Silver Miners: Prostitution and Social Life on the Comstock Lode

3778:

Love for Sale: a global history of prostitution by Nils Ringdal, trans Richard Daly

3496: 3455: 3425: 3274: 3025: 3007: 2450: 2185: 1992: 1923: 1748: 1742: 1723: 1533: 1375: 1277: 1171: 1151: 991: 967: 948: 925:

crew, along with African crewmembers in some cases. In the 16th century, the local

771: 703: 667: 650: 537:. These courtesans would dance, sing, recite poetry and entertain their suitors at 404: 180: 4445:

Prostitution in Medieval Society: The History of an Urban Institution in Languedoc

3888:"Germany: Prostitute protection laws proving impotent | DW | 18.02.2019" 1579:

emerged in the late 20th century as a controversial aspect of Western tourism and

5189: 5119: 4801: 4658: 4637: 4550: 4543: 4498: 4423: 4402: 4381: 4341: 4236: 4164: 4056: 3986: 3874: 3851: 3830: 3641: 3526: 3403: 3060: 2918: 2887: 2552: 2427: 2155: 2095: 2064: 2046: 2035: 1928: 1549: 1508:

International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children

1383: 1351: 1286: 1269: 1159: 1147: 926: 912: 779: 570: 345:

who met their customers while walking (and then worked in their houses), and the

319: 297: 148: 3167:

Karras, Ruth (July 1990). "Holy Harlots: Prostitute Saints in Medieval Legend".

1518: 889: 782:

was banned during the 1960s and 1970s, and later replaced by human trafficking.

4685: 3721: 3429: 1537: 1445: 1404: 1317: 1301: 1237: 971: 814: 806: 659: 156: 136: 4690:

Those that will not work, comprising; Prostitutes. Thieves. Swindlers. Beggars

4600: 4186:"Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome" 4080:

Daughters of Joy, Sisters of Misery: Prostitutes in the American West, 1865-90

3500: 3187: 2454: 533:

who catered to the nobility of South Asia, particularly during the era of the

437:, people lacking in social standing and deprived of the protections that most 152: 6184: 5161: 4739: 4139: 3459: 3021: 3012: 2671:

Baldwin, James E. (2012). "Prostitution, Islamic Law and Ottoman Societies."

2220: 1580: 1557: 1467: 1437: 1391: 1086: 615: 581: 534: 314:, goddess of sexual pleasure. Procuring, however, was severely forbidden. In 289: 232: 144: 2224: 959:

and also due to a significant portion of the crew on Portuguese ships being

4882: 4872: 4821: 4777: 4727: 4463:

Regulating Prostitution in China: Gender and Local Statebuilding, 1900–1937

4404:

The Scarlet Mile: A Social History of Prostitution in Kalgoorlie, 1894-2004

4166:

Ancient Rome: From the Early Republic to the Assassination of Julius Caesar

3845:

Why Dubai's Islamic austerity is a sham – sex is for sale in every bar

3239: 3180: 3039: 1987: 1910:

Strong, Anise K. (2016). "Prostitutes and matrons in the urban landscape".

1625: 1545: 1305: 1214:

during 1494, which later swept across Europe, may have originated from the

1195: 1128: 1062: 798: 790: 480: 140: 37: 3362:"Chapter 141.-An act supplementary to the acts in relation to immigration" 423:, mainly in the month of April, over which the love and fertility goddess 5067: 4913: 3600: 3511: 3064: 1718: 1689: 1576: 1425: 1421: 1408: 1387: 1313: 1223:"strengthen the criminal law" system of the 16th-century secular rulers. 1134: 1112: 1100: 876:, due to its active ports. Certain districts of Singapore were dedicated 858: 691: 590: 586: 568:

religious practice in which girls were married and dedicated to a deity (

326:

was practiced where the temple counted more than a thousand prostitutes (

204: 4343:

Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900

3286: 2714:, edited by Anver M. Emon and Rumee Ahmed. Oxford Academic, pp. 475-492. 376: 5023:

Association for Promoting the Extension of the Contagious Diseases Acts

4715: 4301:

Women Police: Gender, Welfare and Surveillance in the Twentieth Century

3634: 3519: 3278: 2880: 2420: 1628:

and the United Arab Emirates form a large proportion of the customers.

1608: 1034: 1030: 802: 794: 687: 196: 77: 4280:

Deconstructing Sexuality in the Middle East: Challenges and Discourses

3265:

Diamond, Stanley (1996). "Dahomey: The Development of a Proto-State".

2642:

Selling Sex in the City: A Global History of Prostitution, 1600s-2000s

1635:

girls are forced by their poor families to dedicate themselves to the

1556:

during their invasions across East Asia and Southeast Asia. The term "

6154: 4796: 2397: 2360:"Brothels, Baths, and Babes: Prostitution in the Byzantine Holy Land" 2319: 1965: 1915: 1756: 1643:. The BBC wrote in 2007 that devadasis are "sanctified prostitutes". 1606:

revived a method of prostituting young boys, which is referred to as

1561: 1529: 1525: 1399: 1368: 1224: 1180: 1176: 1066: 873: 736:. Like the Shia, Sunnis regard prostitution as sinful and forbidden. 679: 530: 512: 503: 412: 408: 399:

Prostitution in ancient Rome was legal, public, and widespread. Even

358: 113: 109: 59: 2587: 1952:

Keegan, Anne (1974). "World's oldest profession has the night off",

5040: 4210:

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives

3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 2020: 1731:

among prostitutes; this episode contributed to HIV/AIDS awareness.

1728: 1678: 1632: 1207: 944: 821: 752: 675: 641: 560: 476: 455: 105: 3951:

The Prostitute's Body: Rewriting Prostitution in Victorian Britain

2859: 2857: 1199:

French prostitutes being taken to the police station; painting by

231:

prostitute. A money pouch is hanging on the wall. The tondo of an

5196: 4791: 3203: 3132: 2817:

Teruoka Yasutaka, "The pleasure quarters and Tokugawa culture".

1882:"A Few Thoughts on Prostitution: "The World's Oldest Profession"" 1771: 1603: 1293: 1273: 1070: 908: 894: 877: 829: 467: 433: 416: 384: 337:

Each specialized category had its proper name, so there were the

278: 249: 228: 169: 160: 124: 81: 73: 27: 3329: 127:

temples and replaced the religious practices with Christianity.

4746: 2854: 1791: 1714: 1702: 1698: 1640: 1332: 1328: 1321: 1233: 1211: 1124: 1074: 921: 716: 666:

was not considered prostitution and was very common during the

610: 544: 539: 525: 380: 331: 315: 293: 192: 101: 93: 23: 3717:""Socialist Whores": What did Karl Marx think of prostitutes?" 3301: 3148: 678:, Africa, Central Asia and Europe were captured and served as 2442:

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East

2101: 1636: 1621: 1433: 1242: 1082: 1038: 1026: 1022: 1014: 983: 975: 733: 725: 683: 645: 565: 303: 284: 223: 164: 4552:

History of Prostitution in Ancient India: Upto 3rd Cen. A.D.

4540:

A History of Prostitution: From Antiquity to the Present Day

2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2260:"A Brief History of Prostitution in Ancient Greece and Rome" 2161: 1382:

Many of the women who posed in 19th- and early-20th-century

951:. These mistaken assumptions were due to the Indian city of 857:

Prostitution in China was due to a weak familial economy in

3531: 1862: 1713:

informed that any future arrest for prostitution will be a

1257: 1120: 845: 729: 721: 711: 699: 576: 552: 85: 919:

in the 16th century who often came with their South Asian

911:

in Japan. This practice continued among visitors from the

460:

while the unregistered ones fell under the broad category

139:. There are a number of references to prostitution in the 2717: 2201: 2173: 2089:

The Lifting of the Veil: Acts 15:20-21, By Avram Yehoshua

2079:. Blue Letter Bible. 1996–2011. Retrieved on: 3 Nov 2011. 1701:

until 1953, and is still legal in some rural counties of

1276:

as it was a form of acquiring tax revenue in the state.

1018: 987: 952: 2673:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

2640:

Wyers, Mark David (2017). "Selling Sex in Istanbul," in

2567: 2468: 1536:

considered even marriage as a form of prostitution, and

1089:, in what was then known as the ’Yellow Slave Traffic’. 872:

In Southeast Asia, prostitution was mostly prevalent in

797:

troupe at a fair. Recruited from the ranks of colonized

4500:

The lost sisterhood: prostitution in America, 1900-1918

4103:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. 2787: 2290:"Catholic Theologians Say Prostitution Should Be Legal" 2225:"CHURCH FATHERS: The First Apology (St. Justin Martyr)" 1350:, 1885–87 painting by the Norwegian writer and painter 431:

or former slaves, or if free by birth relegated to the

4660:

The Comforts of Home: Prostitution in Colonial Nairobi

3749:"Comfort Women Were 'Raped': U.S. Ambassador to Japan" 3555: 2753: 2751: 2077:"Dictionary and Word Search for pornē (Strong's 4204)" 1727:

which aired in the early 1990s detailed the impact of

1705:, including areas outside of Las Vegas. For more, see 3406:. V. N. Datta. The Sunday Tribune. September 5, 2004. 3108: 2945: 2897: 2895: 2710:

Gerber, Haim (2015). "Law in the Ottoman Empire," in

1417:

describes legal prostitution in 19th-century Russia.

357:

was performed on beds with covers and pillows, while

4726: 4425:

Great Bordellos of the World: An Illustrated History

4117: 3618:

Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology

3348: 1738: 4121:

Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America

4101:

The Response to Prostitution in the Progressive Era

3684: 3567: 3473: 2994:Baarda, Benjamin I.; Sikora, Aleksandra E. (2015). 2927:, Vol. 4, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 2799: 2775: 2763: 2748: 2736: 4479:Whores in History: Prostitution in Western Society 4084:(Reprint ed.). University of Illinois Press. 4077: 4055:Bullough, Vern LeRoy; Bullough, Bonnie L. (1978). 3543: 3120: 3082: 3070: 2892: 1665:which would partly be repealed and altered by the 674:until the 20th-century. Women and girls from the 4611:State and Society in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Egypt 3696: 3672: 2401:. Chennai, India. August 11, 2004. Archived from 2002: 1657:Prostitution in the United Kingdom § History 1158:that prostitutes so seldom bore children because 978:and other Portuguese colonies in Southeast Asia, 608:, where they would frequently visit local Indian 256:Pederasty in ancient Greece § Social aspects 6182: 4322:Frontier Women: "Civilizing" the West? 1840-1880 4054: 4033: 4006:Bruhns, Karen Olsen; Stothert, Karen E. (1999). 3958:The Oldest Profession: a history of prostitution 3209: 3193: 3154: 2987: 1868: 618:was despised altogether after the events of the 4124:(Third ed.). University of Chicago Press. 3708: 3104:. London: Department of Manuscripts. 1470–1473. 1354:illustrating his then very controversial novel 296:.) Some prostitutes in ancient Greece, such as 5169:Pauline's: Memoirs of The Madam on Clay Street 4693:. London, UK: Griffin, Bohn, and Company. 1862 4470:Love for sale: A world history of prostitution 4034:Bullough, Vern L.; Brundage, James A. (1982). 4005: 2107: 1692:of alcohol. In 1917 the prostitution district 1047: 939:("Heavenly Abode"), the Japanese name for the 915:, mainly European traders, beginning with the 172:and married a prominent member of the people. 5141:The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl 4762: 4730:; Tuckniss, William; Beeard, Richard (1851). 4465:(Stanford University Press, 2014). xv+ 270 pp 4229:Selling Sex: A Hidden History of Prostitution 4162: 4118:D'Emilio, John; Freedman, Estelle B. (2012). 3454:, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 160–79, 2830: 2819:Eighteenth-Century Japan: Culture and Society 2167: 1348:Albertine at the Police Doctor's Waiting Room 1324:, and the details of their sexual practices. 1272:comments that prostitution was encouraged in 493:was more judgmental towards prostitution but 4678: 3415: 3054:Columbus May Have Brought Syphilis to Europe 2993: 2863: 644:declared that prostitution is forbidden. In 84:operated by Sumerian priests in the city of 4058:Prostitution: An Illustrated Social History 2518:"BBC - Religions - Islam: Slavery in Islam" 2432: 1386:were prostitutes. The most famous were the 1132: 943:due to its importance as the birthplace of 461: 453: 4769: 4755: 4276: 3967:Vanishing Women: Magic, Film, and Feminism 2573: 2376:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1912:Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World 1903: 1684:, which was influential in the banning of 1452:and Japan were raped by British soldiers. 1154:includes an exchange where he explains to 306:instituted the first of Athens' brothels ( 112:cultures, usually in honor of the goddess 92:, or temple, was dedicated to the goddess 5218:You'll Never Make Love in This Town Again 5079:Sexual and reproductive health and rights 4642:. University of Western Australia Press. 4549:Simha, S. N.; Bose, Nirmal Kumar (2003). 4548: 4407:. University of Western Australia Press. 3418:Indian Economic and Social History Review 3029: 3011: 2257: 2145:List of Greek words starting with πορν- ( 2075:" i.e. Rome, the chief seat of idolatry. 1927: 893:An oiran preparing herself for a client, 805:were entertainers and sex workers in the 4607: 4517: 4447:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 4163:Dillon, Matthew; Garland, Lynda (2005). 4098: 4037:Sexual Practices and the Medieval Church 3323: 3138: 2925:A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps 2555:. San Francisco Unified School District. 1512: 1420:During the 19th century, the British in 1342: 1194: 1162:was supposedly required for conception, 1099: 888: 789: 766:and other routes continued openly until 375: 222: 17: 4475: 4400: 4318: 4297: 4255: 4183: 3984: 3963: 3714: 3573: 3561: 3537: 3264: 3197: 3114: 2913: 2474: 2357: 2207: 2191: 695:for a man to have sex with his slave. 361:usually didn't have these accessories. 6183: 4635: 4421: 4379: 4360: 4234: 4138: 4075: 3988:Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages 3605:International Review of Social History 3549: 3307: 3224:"Luther: Sex, Marriage and Motherhood" 3166: 2951: 2901: 2730: 2438: 2345:Cornucopia of Ottomania and Turcomania 2338: 2179: 2008: 1909: 1190: 401:Roman men of the highest social status 130: 5134:Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies 5106:A Vindication of the Rights of Whores 5089:World Charter for Prostitutes' Rights 4868:Types of prostitution in modern Japan 4750: 4656: 4580: 4559: 4496: 4339: 4206: 3729:from the original on 8 September 2018 3702: 3690: 3678: 3479: 3449: 3311: 3221: 2975:from the original on 6 September 2019 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2742: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2636: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2488:"Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement" 2318: 2300:from the original on 6 September 2019 2235:from the original on 24 December 2018 1822:Prostitution in the Spanish Civil War 1697:1980. Prostitution remained legal in 1432:, in countries such as China, Japan, 1081:, in countries such as China, Japan, 785: 452:A registered prostitute was called a 4442: 3824:Hornblower, Margot (24 June 2001). " 3715:Wickman, Forrest (5 November 2011). 3397:How carnal desire put England on top 3378:from the original on 19 January 2012 3142: 3126: 3088: 3076: 2585: 2546:Insights into the concept of Slavery 2287: 43: 3631:Hispanic American Historical Review 3246:from the original on 29 August 2018 3169:Journal of the History of Sexuality 2965:"The Role of Women in the Crusades" 2699:Journal of the History of Sexuality 1327:In the 18th century, presumably in 776:slavery in the United Arab Emirates 264:(Gr: πόρνη), derived from the verb 186: 13: 4827:Prostitution statistics by country 4503:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 4213:. University of California Press. 3943: 3868:Slaves to the goddess of fertility 3222:Roper, Lyndal (12 December 1983). 2712:The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Law 2660: 2631: 2619: 2598:from the original on 15 April 2023 2288:Horn, Dr Norman (6 January 2013). 2219: 1817:Prostitution in Harlem Renaissance 1682:Woman's Christian Temperance Union 1661:The United Kingdom introduced the 1308:, the masseurs were traditionally 1095: 947:, and that Christianity was a new 813:Prostitution was prevalent in the 341:, working outdoor (lie-down), the 14: 6227: 4962:History of prostitution in Canada 3917:"prostitution:facts and fictions" 3795:"The Dancing Boys Of Afghanistan" 3753:The Chosun Ilbo (English Edition) 3654:Journal of Modern African Studies 3102:London Commissary Court Act Books 2258:Madenholm, Terry (9 March 2022). 2123:. Independent.co.uk. 2008-09-23. 2121:"A brief cultural history of sex" 1956:, July 10. New World Encyclopedia 1782:History of prostitution in France 1777:History of prostitution in Canada 1650: 1463:Prostitution in the American West 865: 6165: 6164: 6153: 6147: 6088:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5148:Mary Wept over the Feet of Jesus 4904:List of sex worker organizations 4776: 4630:Prostitution Research in Context 4386:. University of Michigan Press. 4262:. University of Michigan Press. 4012:. University of Oklahoma Press. 3909: 3880: 3861: 3837: 1755: 1741: 1672: 820:During the late Ottoman Empire, 625: 330:, Gr: ιερόδουλες), according to 135:Prostitution was commonplace in 123:, in the 320s AD, destroyed the 76:records dating back to ca. 2400 4663:. University of Chicago Press. 4365:(First ed.). H. Hamilton. 4304:. Manchester University Press. 3991:. University of Chicago Press. 3929:from the original on 2014-08-03 3898:from the original on 2019-06-20 3818: 3807:from the original on 2016-04-10 3787: 3771: 3755:. 19 March 2007. Archived from 3741: 3659: 3646: 3623: 3610: 3594: 3579: 3505: 3495:, (2009) 53#3 pp. 739–761 3485: 3443: 3409: 3390: 3354: 3258: 3215: 3160: 3094: 3046: 2957: 2907: 2869: 2843:from the original on 2021-02-24 2824: 2811: 2704: 2691: 2678: 2647: 2610: 2579: 2558: 2539: 2528:from the original on 2022-02-25 2510: 2480: 2409: 2385: 2358:Sawford, Tom (17 August 2010), 2351: 2341:"Prostitution in Byzentine Era" 2332: 2312: 2294:Libertarian Christian Institute 2281: 2270:from the original on 2022-10-05 2251: 2213: 2138: 2127:from the original on 2020-11-20 2113: 2082: 2051: 1892:from the original on 2021-09-13 1597: 1488: 1455: 1428:and Japanese prostitutes being 1338: 1335:made with catgut or cow bowel. 1263: 1164:a misconception dating to Galen 897:print by Suzuki Haronubu (1765) 227:A sexual scene of a male and a 4812:Feminist views on prostitution 4636:Warren, James Francis (2008). 4614:. Cambridge University Press. 4192:. Princeton University Press. 4099:Connelly, Mark Thomas (1980). 2339:Boncuk, Mavi (12 March 2014), 2014: 1980: 1959: 1946: 1874: 1849: 1812:Prostitution in colonial India 1802:Prostitution in ancient Greece 1358:about the life of a prostitute 244:Prostitution in ancient Greece 1: 5013:Decriminalization of sex work 4472:(Grove/Atlantic, Inc., 2007). 2417:Economic and political weekly 1843: 1688:and was a major force in the 1220:sexually transmitted diseases 957:Portuguese East India Company 955:being a central base for the 739:The flow of slaves, from the 702:Muslims, Muhammad sanctioned 6068:British Overseas Territories 5062:Prostitution Reform Act 2003 4832:Violence against prostitutes 4235:Gazali, Münif Fehim (2001). 4030:(1964), a scholarly history. 3349:D'Emilio & Freedman 2012 3210:Bullough & Brundage 1982 3194:Bullough & Brundage 1982 3155:Bullough & Brundage 1982 2831:来源：人民网-国家人文历史 (2013-07-10). 1998:Chapter 31: Adonis in Cyprus 1929:10.1017/CBO9781316563083.007 1869:Bullough & Bullough 1978 1807:Prostitution in ancient Rome 1571: 1493: 1331:, prostitutes started using 411:that regulate prostitution. 395:Prostitution in ancient Rome 268:(to sell). The English word 213: 7: 5052:Prostitution age of consent 4283:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 4256:Goldman, Marion S. (1981). 4184:Edwards, Catherine (1997). 4148:. Oxford University Press. 4028:The history of prostitution 3985:Bennett, Judith M. (1989). 1837:Sexuality in ancient Greece 1797:Pederasty in ancient Greece 1734: 1663:Sexual Offences Act of 1956 1183:were famously owned by the 974:on their ships or taken to 929:initially assumed that the 421:Roman religious observances 415:, especially graffiti from 10: 6232: 6211:History of human sexuality 5057:Prostitution law in Canada 4608:Toledano, Ehud R. (2003). 4518:Rossiaud, Jacques (1996). 4277:İlkkaracan, Pınar (2008). 3834:. Retrieved 19 April 2009. 3430:10.1177/001946460304000202 2877:American Historical Review 2108:Bruhns & Stothert 1999 1920:Cambridge University Press 1787:History of human sexuality 1654: 1218:. The prevalence of other 1107:depiction of prostitution. 992:Portuguese colony in India 900: 487:in the late 4th century. 392: 253: 247: 241: 47: 6143: 5253: 5227: 5097: 5047:Massage Parlours Act 1978 5005: 4987:In impressionist painting 4949: 4896: 4840: 4784: 4679:Older and primary sources 4443:Otis, Leah Lydia (1985). 3970:. Duke University Press. 3518:(1979) 5f1 pp. 3–29 3501:10.1017/S0018246X09990100 3000:Frontiers in Microbiology 2879:98#3 (1993), pp. 710–732 2686:Turkish Historical Review 2455:10.1215/1089201x-2007-007 2168:Dillon & Garland 2005 1832:Sexuality in ancient Rome 1568:brothels during the war. 1524:The leading theorists of 1283:Annual Customs of Dahomey 1048: 1041:was considered a type of 998:, including those of the 741:Trans-Saharan slave trade 670:from the Middle Ages via 506:claimed that the empress 218: 6073:Central African Republic 5035:Contagious Diseases Acts 4555:Shree Balaram Prakasani. 4476:Roberts, Nickie (1992). 4401:McKewon, Elaine (2005). 4298:Jackson, Louise (2006). 4169:. Taylor & Francis. 4076:Butler, Anne M. (1987). 4009:Women in Ancient America 3877:. BBC News. June 8, 2007 3460:10.1177/0891243204272781 3267:Dialectical Anthropology 3013:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01190 1667:Sexual Offences Act 2003 1396:Contagious Diseases Acts 1152:European medical science 884: 852: 749:Indian Ocean slave trade 640:In the seventh century, 620:Indian Rebellion of 1857 518: 143:. The biblical story of 6191:History of prostitution 6160:Prostitution portal 4957:History of prostitution 4581:Stern, Scott W (2018). 4422:Murphy, Emmett (1983). 4380:McGinn, Thomas (2004). 4363:The Medieval Underworld 4361:McCall, Andrew (1979). 4340:Leupp, Gary P. (2003). 4319:Jeffrey, Julie (1998). 4207:Enloe, Cynthia (2000). 3964:Beckman, Karen (2003). 1977:, tr A.D. Godley (1920) 1252:With the advent of the 768:Slavery in Saudi Arabia 564:originally described a 371: 292:. (See also the Indian 72:was a common practice. 22:An erotic scene from a 4817:Prostitution by region 4807:Drugs and prostitution 4632:(2017) pp. 18–32. 4566:. Indiana University. 4524:. Barnes & Noble. 3667:Development and Change 3633:72#4 (1992): 529–553. 3591:34.3 (2003): 297–310 . 1707:Prostitution in Nevada 1528:opposed prostitution. 1521: 1430:trafficked across Asia 1359: 1254:Protestant Reformation 1203: 1141:Scholastic philosopher 1133: 1108: 1079:trafficked across Asia 898: 810: 462: 454: 388: 324:religious prostitution 239: 34: 6103:Republic of Macedonia 5183:Revolting Prostitutes 5029:Canada (AG) v Bedford 4982:In Harlem Renaissance 4931:Sex-positive movement 4926:Sex-positive feminism 4858:Internet prostitution 4657:White, Luise (1990). 4560:Sılay, Kemal (1994). 4538:Scott, George Ryley. 4521:Medieval Prostitution 4461:Remick, Elizabeth J. 3620:19.2 (2014): 260–279. 3588:Australian Geographer 2971:. 10 September 2017. 2701:, 28(3), pp. 457-482. 2675:, 55(1), pp. 117-152. 2644:. Brill. pp. 278-305. 2405:on November 27, 2004. 1602:In the 21st century, 1516: 1346: 1247:religious communities 1198: 1117:Roman Catholic Church 1103: 1008:prostitution in Japan 903:Prostitution in Japan 892: 793: 764:Black Sea slave trade 379: 226: 32:Secret Museum, Naples 21: 6118:United Arab Emirates 4936:Sex worker movements 4497:Rosen, Ruth (1982). 4061:. Crown Publishers. 4040:. Prometheus Books. 3669:45.1 (2014): 79–104. 3540:, pp. 1–4, 118. 3452:Gender & Society 2586:Olaniyan, Olayinka. 1922:. pp. 142–170. 1552:soldiers engaged in 1499:colony until cured. 1390:women who posed for 1298:Dellâkname-i Dilküşâ 1296:Ismail Agha, in the 1185:Bishop of Winchester 1156:Geoffrey Plantagenet 1033:in Japan during the 996:East India companies 664:Concubinage in Islam 634:Concubinage in Islam 555:literary tradition. 5998:Trinidad and Tobago 5286:Antigua and Barbuda 5084:Sexual Offences Act 4997:Sacred prostitution 4941:Sex workers' rights 4888:Window prostitution 4878:Street prostitution 4853:Forced prostitution 4708:Extra Volume E-Text 3956:Bassermann, Lujo. 3803:. PBS. 2010-04-20. 3780:. By Sarah Burton. 3656:51#1 (2013): 33–56. 3607:44 (1999): 101–122. 3067:. January 15, 2008. 2920:Medieval Philosophy 2866:, pp. 163–190. 2833:"日本性宽容： "南洋姐"输出数十万" 2733:, pp. 293–294. 2688:, 12(1), pp. 19-46. 2419:(1995): WS59-WS69. 2246:up to prostitution. 2182:, pp. 167–168. 2025:Life of Constantine 1986:See, for example, 1827:Sacred prostitution 1763:Prostitution portal 1554:forced prostitution 1442:trafficked to India 1369:St. Louis, Missouri 1191:Early modern Europe 1139:, the 12th-century 941:Indian subcontinent 760:Barbary slave trade 745:Red Sea slave trade 704:fixed-term marriage 672:early modern period 596:During the British 500:Justinian the Great 131:Biblical references 108:and in some of the 70:sacred prostitution 50:Sacred prostitution 6093:Dominican Republic 6078:Crown dependencies 5204:Unspeakable Things 5074:Right to sexuality 4919:Female sex tourism 4897:Support activities 4848:Child prostitution 4231:(2007). scholarly. 4227:Francis, Raelene. 4026:Bullough, Vern L. 3953:(Routledge, 2015). 3873:2019-05-13 at the 3850:2018-08-31 at the 3640:2016-04-16 at the 3525:2015-12-05 at the 3493:Historical Journal 3402:2009-02-15 at the 3279:10.1007/BF00244520 3059:2010-12-03 at the 2886:2016-04-17 at the 2796:, pp. 49, 52. 2657:, 48, pp. 271-299. 2551:2009-11-22 at the 2426:2016-04-17 at the 2393:"Mapping cultures" 2210:, pp. 67, 83. 2154:2022-12-16 at the 2094:2023-06-01 at the 2063:2019-12-13 at the 2045:2018-07-10 at the 2034:2009-02-11 at the 1522: 1450:continental Europe 1360: 1216:Columbian Exchange 1204: 1144:William of Conches 1109: 1006:, also engaged in 986:. For example, in 899: 811: 786:The Ottoman Empire 756:Balkan slave trade 598:East India Company 472:abandoned children 389: 312:Aphrodite Pandemos 240: 177:Book of Revelation 159:, a prostitute in 35: 6178: 6177: 5211:Whore of New York 5176:Playing the Whore 5113:Call Me Elizabeth 4977:In colonial India 4967:In ancient Greece 4863:Male prostitution 4482:. HarperCollins. 4454:978-0-226-64033-4 4428:. Quartet Books. 4346:. A&C Black. 4248:978-975-7054-17-7 4190:Roman Sexualities 4145:Europe: A History 3212:, pp. 41–42. 3200:, pp. 73–74. 2938:978-0-19-884240-8 2864:Fischer-Tiné 2003 2477:, pp. 31–33. 2229:www.newadvent.org 1592:the Swedish model 1566:Japanese military 1304:archives, in the 1146:'s discussion of 1131:. In his popular 961:Indian Christians 282:and the Japanese 100:In the region of 56:Ancient Near East 44:Ancient Near East 6223: 6216:Royal mistresses 6206:Women in history 6168: 6167: 6158: 6157: 6151: 6128:Northern Ireland 5843:Papua New Guinea 5155:Nocturnal Revels 5127:The Happy Hooker 5018:Prostitution law 4771: 4764: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4719: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4674: 4653: 4625: 4604: 4577: 4556: 4535: 4514: 4493: 4458: 4439: 4418: 4397: 4376: 4357: 4336: 4315: 4294: 4273: 4252: 4238:Book of Shehzade 4224: 4203: 4180: 4159: 4135: 4114: 4095: 4083: 4072: 4051: 4023: 4002: 3981: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3934: 3928: 3921: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3884: 3878: 3865: 3859: 3841: 3835: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3791: 3785: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3663: 3657: 3650: 3644: 3627: 3621: 3614: 3608: 3598: 3592: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3509: 3503: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3413: 3407: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3377: 3371:. 3 March 1875. 3366: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3033: 3015: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2941: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2890: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2828: 2822: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2715: 2708: 2702: 2695: 2689: 2682: 2676: 2669: 2658: 2651: 2645: 2638: 2629: 2626: 2617: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2494:. 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Macmillan. 4324: 4323: 4317: 4313: 4311:9780719073908 4307: 4303: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4290:9780754672357 4286: 4282: 4281: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4220:9780520220713 4216: 4212: 4211: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4176:9780415224581 4172: 4168: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4155:9780198201717 4151: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4131:9780226923819 4127: 4123: 4122: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4091:9780252014666 4087: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4070: 4068:9780517529577 4064: 4060: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4047:9780879752682 4043: 4039: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4019:9780806131696 4015: 4011: 4010: 4004: 4000: 3998:9780226042473 3994: 3990: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3925: 3918: 3912: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3864: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3790: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3699: 3693:, p. 35. 3692: 3687: 3680: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3619: 3613: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3482:, p. 58. 3481: 3476: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3424:(2): 163–90, 3423: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3393: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3357: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3324:Toledano 2003 3320: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3228:History Today 3225: 3218: 3211: 3206: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3157:, p. 36. 3156: 3151: 3145:, p. 12. 3144: 3140: 3139:Rossiaud 1996 3135: 3129:, p. 13. 3128: 3123: 3117:, p. 81. 3116: 3111: 3103: 3097: 3091:, p. 44. 3090: 3085: 3079:, p. 41. 3078: 3073: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2974: 2970: 2969:About History 2966: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2940: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2910: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2821:(1989): 3-32. 2820: 2814: 2808:, p. 50. 2807: 2802: 2795: 2790: 2784:, p. 52. 2783: 2778: 2772:, p. 35. 2771: 2766: 2760:, p. 49. 2759: 2754: 2752: 2745:, p. 48. 2744: 2739: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2713: 2707: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2681: 2674: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2656: 2650: 2643: 2637: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2613: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2576:, p. 36. 2575: 2570: 2561: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2527: 2523: 2522:www.bbc.co.uk 2519: 2513: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2476: 2471: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2435: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2388: 2379: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2315: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2194:, p. 66 2193: 2188: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2164: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2141: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2109: 2104: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2085: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2010: 2005: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1971:The Histories 1967: 1962: 1955: 1949: 1941: 1939:9781316563083 1935: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1858: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1758: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1717:instead of a 1716: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1673:United States 1670: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1581:globalization 1578: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1558:comfort women 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1506:In 1921, the 1504: 1500: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1468:Julia Bulette 1464: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438:British India 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392:E. J. Bellocq 1389: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1364: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306:Turkish baths 1303: 1299: 1295: 1292:According to 1290: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1229: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1202: 1197: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1106: 1102: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1087:British India 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 972:sexual slaves 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 937: 932: 928: 924: 923: 918: 914: 910: 904: 896: 891: 882: 879: 875: 870: 863: 860: 850: 848: 847: 840: 836: 833: 831: 825: 823: 818: 816: 808: 804: 800: 799:ethnic groups 796: 792: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718: 713: 709: 705: 701: 698:According to 696: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652: 647: 643: 636: 635: 630: 629: 626:Islamic world 623: 621: 617: 616:miscegenation 613: 612: 607: 603: 602:rule in India 599: 594: 592: 588: 583: 582:Bharatanatyam 579: 578: 573: 572: 567: 563: 562: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 541: 536: 535:Mughal Empire 532: 528: 527: 516: 514: 509: 505: 501: 496: 492: 488: 486: 478: 473: 469: 464: 458: 457: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 396: 391: 386: 382: 378: 369: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 343:perepatetikes 340: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 299: 295: 291: 290:courtisanerie 287: 286: 281: 280: 275: 271: 267: 263: 257: 251: 245: 238:. 480–470 BCE 237: 234: 233:ancient Greek 230: 225: 211: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 184: 182: 178: 173: 171: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 128: 126: 122: 117: 115: 111: 107: 103: 98: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 66: 65:The Histories 61: 57: 51: 41: 39: 33: 29: 25: 20: 16: 6196:Prostitution 6113:Soviet Union 6013:Turkmenistan 5928:South Africa 5913:Sierra Leone 5898:Saudi Arabia 5531:East Germany 5381:Burkina Faso 5228:By continent 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5066: 5039: 5027: 4956: 4883:Survival sex 4873:Sex for fish 4822:Sex drive-in 4778:Prostitution 4731: 4707: 4695:. 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Retrieved 1885: 1876: 1864: 1856: 1851: 1722: 1711: 1676: 1660: 1645: 1630: 1626:Saudi Arabia 1617:Soviet Union 1614: 1607: 1601: 1598:21st century 1591: 1589: 1585:Nils Ringdal 1575: 1546:World War II 1543: 1523: 1519:Eugène Atget 1505: 1501: 1497: 1489:20th century 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1459: 1456:Mining camps 1419: 1414:Resurrection 1412: 1381: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1347: 1339:19th century 1326: 1297: 1291: 1267: 1264:18th century 1251: 1230: 1205: 1168: 1129:masturbation 1110: 1091: 1063:Karayuki-san 1061: 1042: 1012: 980:the Americas 965: 949:Indian faith 934: 920: 906: 871: 869: 856: 844: 841: 837: 834: 826: 819: 812: 738: 715: 707: 697: 649: 639: 631: 609: 606:prostitution 595: 575: 569: 559: 557: 548: 538: 524: 522: 495:St Augustine 491:Christianity 489: 451: 432: 413:Inscriptions 398: 390: 363: 350: 346: 342: 339:chamaitypa'i 338: 336: 327: 322:, a type of 307: 302: 283: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 259: 209: 200: 190: 174: 141:Hebrew Bible 134: 118: 99: 89: 63: 53: 38:Prostitution 36: 15: 5963:Switzerland 5938:South Sudan 5933:South Korea 5858:Philippines 5808:North Korea 5788:New Zealand 5783:Netherlands 5628:Ivory Coast 5476:El Salvador 5261:Afghanistan 5068:R. v. Gowan 4914:Sex tourism 4716:10427/15071 4241:. Dönence. 3550:Butler 1987 3512:Lucie Cheng 3308:Gazali 2001 3065:LiveScience 2979:6 September 2952:Davies 1996 2902:McCall 1979 2731:Warren 2008 2304:6 September 2180:McGinn 2004 2009:Murphy 1983 1719:misdemeanor 1690:prohibition 1624:. Men from 1577:Sex tourism 1560:" became a 1409:Leo Tolstoy 1388:New Orleans 1314:sex workers 1135:Dragmaticon 1113:Middle Ages 1111:During the 692:Ibn Battuta 658:) However, 591:South India 587:North India 543:. 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