146:
1263:
1022:
1283:
1419:. These cities were centers of the pottery, glass, and purple dye industries; their harbors also served as warehouses for products imported from eastern regions such as Persia and India. They exported cedar, perfume, jewelry, wine, and fruit to Rome. Economic prosperity led to a revival in construction and urban development; temples and palaces were built throughout the country, as well as paved roads that linked the main cities like Heliopolis and
1461:
675:
24:
1131:
764:, whom the Greeks called "Phoenicians" because of the purple (phoinikies) dye they sold. These early inhabitants referred to themselves as "men of Sidon" or the like, according to their city of origin. The Canaanites were city-state settlers, who established colonies throughout the Mediterranean (see: List of Phoenician cities) into a form of a Thalassocracy as opposed to an established empire with a designated capital city.
1329:, Tyre's god, the city resisted. Alexander besieged Tyre in retaliation in early 332 BC. After six months of resistance, the city fell, and its people were sold into slavery. Despite his early death in 323 BC, Alexander's conquest of the eastern Mediterranean Basin left a Greek imprint on the area. The Phoenicians, being a cosmopolitan people amenable to outside influences, adopted aspects of Greek civilization with ease.
1170:
1577:
and killing nearly 30,000 inhabitants. To these natural disasters were added the abuses and corruptions prevailing at that time in the empire. Heavy tributes and religious dissension produced disorder and confusion. Furthermore, the ecumenical councils of the 5th and 6th centuries were unsuccessful
1516:
in 193 AD, having been part of the territory of
Berytus on the Canaanite coast since 15 BC. Work on the religious complex there lasted over a century and a half and was never completed. The dedication of the present temple ruins, the largest religious building in the entire Roman empire, dates from
813:
Toward the end of the 14th century BC, the
Egyptian Empire weakened, and the city-states were able to regain some of their autonomy by the beginning of the 12th century BC. The subsequent three centuries were a period of prosperity and freedom from foreign control during which the earlier Canaanite
990:
whose reign witnessed several regional rebellions, especially in
Jerusalem. Revolts in Canaanite cities became more frequent during that period (685-636 BC, Tyre rebelled again and for thirteen years resisted a siege by the troops of Nebuchadnezzar 587-574 BC. After this long siege, the city
818:
facilitated communications and trade. The
Canaanites also excelled not only in producing textiles but also in carving ivory, in working with metal, and above all in making glass. Masters of the art of navigation, they founded colonies wherever they went in the
1325:, defeated the Persian troops in 333 BC, and advanced toward the eastern Mediterranean coast. Initially the Canaanite cities made no attempt to resist, and they recognized Alexander as suzerain. However, when Alexander tried to offer a sacrifice to
947:
Assyrian rule (875-608 BC) deprived the
Canaanite city-states of their independence and prosperity and brought repeated, unsuccessful rebellions. In the middle of the 8th century BC, Tyre and Byblos rebelled, but the Assyrian ruler,
740:, which is considered to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, archaeologists have discovered remnants of prehistoric huts with crushed limestone floors, primitive weapons, and burial jars which are evidence of the
1565:. Under the Byzantine Empire, intellectual and economic activities in Beirut, Tyre, and Sidon continued to flourish for more than a century. However, in the late 6th century a series of earthquakes demolished the temples of
899:
In the Late Bronze II, the Beqa Valley (Amqu) was controlled from Kamid el-Loz became the seat of an
Egyptian governor. The northern part of the Beqa Valley consisted of pasture lands and functioned as a border region to
960:(681-668 BC); its inhabitants were enslaved. Esarhaddon built a new city on Sidon's ruins. By the end of the 7th century BC, the Assyrian Empire, weakened by the successive revolts, had been destroyed by the
863:
in the south. Hazor may have been subject to Qatna, meaning that the entire region was under influence of Qatna, with Kadesh facing the northern part of the valley. Trade routes went further to
1372:
982:, much of the region of Canaan was already in their hands, since much of it was seized from the collapsing Assyrian kingdom. In that time two Babylonian kings succeeded the throne,
912:
of Hatti (c. 1350 BC), Kadesh became a stronghold of the
Hittite Empire facing the Egyptian Empire in the south. Literary evidence from this period is found in the Amarna Archive.
1149:
956:(722-705 BC), who successfully besieged the city in 721 BC and punished its population. During the 7th century BC, the city of Sidon rebelled and was completely destroyed by
1353:. This settlement, however, failed to bring peace because Seleucus I and Ptolemy clashed repeatedly. A final victory of the Seleucids ended a forty-year period of conflict.
1262:
1156:
1117:
494:
1337:
After
Alexander's death, his empire was divided among his Macedonian generals. The eastern part—Canaan, Asia Minor, northern Syria, and Mesopotamia fell to
1457:. The city quickly became Romanized. Large public buildings and monuments were erected and Berytus enjoyed full status as a part of the empir</ref>
806:(1570-1545 BC), Theban prince, launched the Egyptian liberation war. Opposition to the Hyksos increased, reaching a peak during the reign of the pharaoh
839:) and established trade routes to Europe and western Asia. These colonies and trade routes flourished until the invasion of the coastal areas by the
1628:
534:
756:
The area was first recorded in history around 4000 BC as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. It was inhabited by the
810:(1490-1436 BC), who invaded the area now known as Syria, put an end to Hyksos domination, and incorporated Canaan into the Egyptian Empire.
1517:
the reign of
Septimus Severus, whose coins first show the two temples. The great courts of approach were not finished before the reigns of
1209:
The Syro-Canaan coastal cities remained under
Persian rule for the following two centuries. The Canaanite navy supported Persia during the
703:
88:
41:
1653:
60:
244:
67:
469:
430:
484:
1395:
The last century of Seleucid rule was marked by disorder and dynastic struggles. These ended in 64 BC, when the Roman general
1677:
524:
412:
376:
1578:
in settling religious disagreements. This turbulent period weakened the empire and made it easy prey to the newly converted
1442:
consisting of three temples: Jupiter, Bacchus and Venus. On a nearby hill, they built a fourth temple dedicated to Mercury.
74:
952:, subdued the rebels and imposed heavy tributes. Oppression continued unabated, and Tyre rebelled again, this time against
1282:
725:
56:
1666:
107:
1711:
795:(2686-2181 BC), exporting cedar, olive oil, and wine, while importing gold and other products from the Nile Valley.
145:
1308:
1072:
696:
232:
871:
had a palace and temple, being a hub for trade routes going north-south and east-west. There were trade routes to
1191:
1122:
973:
205:
1706:
720:
traces the course of events related to the geographic area in the Eastern Mediterranean of what is now known as
45:
767:
Each of the coastal cities was an independent city-state noted for the special activities of its inhabitants.
1525:(244-249 CE). In commemoration of the dedication of the new sanctuaries, Severus conferred the rights of the
942:
543:
509:
199:
1235:
529:
489:
154:
1289:
1225:
1163:
689:
598:
573:
418:
125:
1213:(490-49 BC). But when the Canaanites were overburdened with heavy tributes imposed by the successors of
81:
1632:
1362:
238:
164:
802:, a nomadic Semitic people, conquered Egypt. After about three decades of Hyksos rule (1600-1570 BC),
1539:
1404:
539:
1731:
1716:
593:
519:
478:
382:
337:
1534:
Severus also separated the area of modern Lebanon and parts of Syria from the greater province of
172:
1415:. The inhabitants of the principal Canaanite city-states of Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre were granted
661:
34:
1696:
Country Studies project; specifically from Chapter 1: Historical Setting, by Afaf Sabeh McGowen.
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
798:
Before the end of the 17th century BC, Canaanite-Egyptian relations were interrupted when the
787:) were trade and religious centers. Gubla was the first Canaanite city to trade actively with
1531:
on the city. Today, only six Corinthian columns remain standing of this huge Jupiter temple.
1187:
1136:
549:
514:
1574:
1558:
1550:
1490:
979:
931:
578:
325:
187:
748:
fishing communities who lived on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea over 8,000 years ago.
8:
1693:
1384:
1366:
1314:
1221:
949:
459:
1608:
1598:
1450:
1439:
1240:
474:
265:
134:
1647:
1586:
1513:
1454:
1416:
1210:
1042:
1027:
1008:
987:
840:
820:
568:
319:
301:
295:
277:
271:
1603:
1342:
583:
504:
499:
406:
307:
289:
1522:
1502:
1481:
1476:
1431:
1203:
1055:
436:
355:
349:
736:
The earliest known settlements in Lebanon date back to earlier than 5000 BC. In
1554:
1400:
1380:
1376:
1245:
1021:
909:
905:
901:
761:
679:
424:
400:
388:
331:
1725:
1388:
788:
768:
343:
313:
1546:
1527:
1446:
1408:
1250:
983:
884:
868:
852:
807:
745:
588:
394:
1689:
1535:
1350:
1217:(521-485 BC), revolts and rebellions resumed in the coastal city-states.
1195:
864:
792:
1412:
1411:. Economic and intellectual activities flourished in Canaan during the
1371:
1338:
1322:
957:
757:
1426:
Indeed, starting in the last quarter of the 1st century BCE (reign of
1220:
The Persian Empire, including the Canaan province, eventually fell to
1518:
1345:. The southern part of modern day Syria and modern day Egypt fell to
1059:
991:
capitulated; its king was dethroned, and its citizens were enslaved.
953:
925:
860:
741:
464:
181:
986:
who focused on ending Assyrian influence in the region, and his son
23:
1549:
in 395 AD, the Roman empire was ruled by 2 centres: the eastern or
1494:
1465:
1427:
1214:
880:
836:
815:
803:
283:
193:
1570:
1566:
1493:
was widely known at the time. Two of Rome's most famous jurists,
1472:
1460:
1435:
1420:
1346:
1326:
1318:
1269:
1199:
888:
775:
were important maritime and trade centers; Gubla (later known as
721:
451:
1434:), the Romans built a huge temple complex in Heliopolis (actual
1498:
1396:
921:
872:
828:
824:
799:
784:
776:
737:
177:
1579:
1501:, both natives of Canaan, taught at the law school under the
1449:
were established in the city of Berytus (actual Beirut): the
1273:
961:
876:
856:
832:
772:
1582:
1562:
1688:
This article is based on public-domain text from the
994:
978:
As the Babylonians finally defeated the Assyrians at
1707:
Tracing our ancestors by Frederick Haberman (Author)
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1349:, and the Balkan regions, including Macedonia, to
1723:
1430:) and over a period of two centuries (reign of
855:was a high way for trade between the Kingdom of
1508:Furthermore, The city of Heliopolis was made a
1717:Web of the Illuminati by Kevin Tucker (Author)
904:in the north. At first Syria was part of the
697:
1020:
915:
908:, but following the military campaigns of
704:
690:
1231:Main rulers under the Achaemenid Empire:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1459:
1370:
1383:on one of the tombs found in the Roman
1332:
867:on the Euphrates river. In the valley,
724:from the beginning of antiquity to the
1724:
1667:Roman Berytus: a colony of legionaries
1652:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1313:The Persian Empire eventually fell to
1297:
485:Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon
211:
525:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
413:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
1712:Full text of "Tracing Our Ancestors"
967:
731:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
1589:that invaded the region in 642 AD.
1487:Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus
13:
1302:
995:Persian Period - Achaemenid Empire
936:
14:
1743:
1700:
1538:, and formed the new province of
1445:Furthermore, the veterans of two
1309:Phoenicia under Hellenistic rule
1281:
1261:
1168:
1154:
1129:
1115:
1073:Conquests of Alexander the Great
846:
673:
144:
22:
1475:was enriched by the dynasty of
1123:Phoenicia under Babylonian rule
974:Phoenicia under Babylonian rule
33:needs additional citations for
1671:
1660:
1621:
1268:Persian style two-headed bull
894:
851:In the Middle Bronze IIA, the
1:
1614:
1356:
1150:Canaan under Hellenistic rule
943:Phoenicia under Assyrian rule
751:
1569:and destroyed the Romanized
1194:and its neighbors passed to
859:in the north and Kingdom of
530:Lebanese presidential crisis
490:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
57:"History of ancient Lebanon"
7:
1592:
1290:Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon
1164:Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
783:) and Berytus (present-day
515:2007 North Lebanon conflict
419:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
10:
1748:
1363:Phoenicia under Roman rule
1360:
1306:
1198:rule with the conquest of
971:
940:
929:
919:
718:history of ancient Lebanon
510:2006–08 political protests
1561:part with its capital at
1553:part with its capital at
1276:. Marble, 5th century BC.
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1069:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1034:
1019:
1014:
1006:
1001:
535:Maritime boundary dispute
791:and the pharaohs of the
520:2008 conflict in Lebanon
383:Emirate of Mount Lebanon
916:Iron Age II - Phoenicia
1491:Beirut's school of law
1468:
1392:
726:beginning of Arab rule
470:Palestinian insurgency
1690:Lebanon Country Study
1463:
1374:
1137:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1026:Phoenicia within The
550:2020 Beirut explosion
495:2005 Lebanon bombings
431:Allied administration
1438:) on a pre-existing
1333:The Seleucid Dynasty
1002:Achaemenid Phoenicia
932:Phoenicians and wine
326:Kingdom of Jerusalem
42:improve this article
1694:Library of Congress
1367:Phoenice Libanensis
1315:Alexander the Great
1298:Classical antiquity
1228:in 4th century BC.
1222:Alexander the Great
950:Tiglath-Pileser III
460:1958 Lebanon crisis
452:Republic of Lebanon
1609:Frederick Haberman
1599:History of Lebanon
1545:Upon the death of
1471:Under the Romans,
1469:
1393:
680:Lebanon portal
563:By city and region
475:Lebanese Civil War
266:Rashidun Caliphate
245:Sassanid interlude
1587:Arabian Peninsula
1575:famous law school
1521:(211-217 CE) and
1514:Septimius Severus
1479:, and was made a
1417:Roman citizenship
1341:, founder of the
1211:Greco-Persian War
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1142:
1141:
1056:Cyrus the Great’s
1043:Achaemenid Empire
1028:Achaemenid Empire
1015:c.538 BC–c.332 BC
988:Nebuchadnezzar II
968:Babylonian Period
823:(specifically in
821:Mediterranean Sea
814:invention of the
732:Prehistoric times
714:
713:
320:County of Tripoli
302:Ikhshidid dynasty
296:Fatimid Caliphate
278:Abbasid Caliphate
272:Umayyad Caliphate
118:
117:
110:
92:
1739:
1681:
1680:, Britannica.com
1675:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1631:. Archived from
1625:
1604:Laurence Waddell
1464:Actual ruins of
1451:fifth Macedonian
1403:and Canaan as a
1343:Seleucid dynasty
1285:
1265:
1172:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1132:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1096:
1095:
1024:
1007:Province of the
999:
998:
706:
699:
692:
678:
677:
676:
540:Liquidity crisis
500:Cedar Revolution
407:El Assaad Family
338:Mamluk Sultanate
308:Mirdasid dynasty
290:Hamdanid dynasty
233:Hellenistic rule
148:
138:
120:
119:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1732:Ancient Lebanon
1722:
1721:
1703:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1629:"Archived copy"
1627:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1595:
1573:, leveling its
1523:Philip the Arab
1477:Herod the Great
1432:Philip the Arab
1375:Inscription in
1369:
1361:Main articles:
1359:
1335:
1311:
1305:
1303:Macedonian rule
1300:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1266:
1204:Cyrus the Great
1169:
1155:
1130:
1116:
1075:
1062:
1025:
997:
976:
970:
945:
939:
937:Assyrian Period
934:
928:
920:Main articles:
918:
897:
849:
754:
734:
710:
674:
672:
667:
666:
612:
604:
603:
564:
556:
555:
554:
454:
444:
443:
442:
371:
363:
362:
361:
260:
252:
251:
250:
227:
219:
218:
217:
206:Babylonian rule
167:
136:
129:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1701:External links
1699:
1698:
1697:
1692:(1987) of the
1683:
1682:
1670:
1659:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1571:city of Beirut
1555:Constantinople
1405:Roman province
1401:Seleucid Syria
1358:
1355:
1334:
1331:
1321:. He attacked
1307:Main article:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1246:Baalshillem II
1243:
1238:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:Historical era
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:Persian Empire
1004:
1003:
996:
993:
972:Main article:
969:
966:
941:Main article:
938:
935:
917:
914:
910:Suppiluliuma I
906:Mitanni Empire
896:
893:
848:
845:
762:Semitic people
753:
750:
733:
730:
712:
711:
709:
708:
701:
694:
686:
683:
682:
669:
668:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
553:
552:
547:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
472:
467:
462:
456:
455:
450:
449:
446:
445:
441:
440:
434:
428:
425:Beirut Vilayet
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
389:Tripoli Eyalet
386:
380:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
360:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
332:Zengid dynasty
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
249:
248:
242:
241:(64 BC–646 AD)
236:
229:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
216:
215:
209:
203:
197:
196:(1600–1178 BC)
191:
190:(1550–1077 BC)
185:
175:
169:
168:
163:
162:
159:
158:
150:
149:
141:
140:
131:
130:
123:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1744:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1635:on 2019-12-20
1634:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Eastern Roman
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:Roman legions
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1292:, 430-420 BC.
1291:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:Eshmunazar II
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:in 539/8 BC.
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1000:
992:
989:
985:
981:
975:
965:
963:
962:Median Empire
959:
955:
951:
944:
933:
927:
923:
913:
911:
907:
903:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:Middle Bronze
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
811:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:; in Arabic,
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
749:
747:
743:
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
688:
687:
685:
684:
681:
671:
670:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
560:
559:
551:
548:
545:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
505:2006 July War
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
480:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:Chehabist era
463:
461:
458:
457:
453:
448:
447:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
367:
366:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
314:Seljuk Empire
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
256:
255:
247:(610s–628 AD)
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
223:
222:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:Assyrian rule
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:Egyptian rule
186:
184:(2500–333 BC)
183:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
166:
161:
160:
157:
156:
152:
151:
147:
143:
142:
139:
133:
132:
127:
122:
121:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
1673:
1662:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:the original
1623:
1547:Theodosius I
1544:
1533:
1528:ius Italicum
1526:
1509:
1507:
1489:, in 14 BC.
1486:
1480:
1470:
1455:third Gallic
1444:
1425:
1409:Roman Empire
1394:
1336:
1312:
1251:Abdashtart I
1230:
1219:
1208:
1190:province of
1185:
1105:Succeeded by
1104:
1099:
1058:invasion of
984:Nabopolassar
977:
946:
898:
869:Kamid el-Loz
850:
812:
808:Thutmose III
797:
780:
766:
755:
746:Chalcolithic
735:
717:
715:
662:10th century
395:Sidon Eyalet
377:Ottoman rule
214:(538–332 BC)
212:Persian rule
208:(605–538 BC)
202:(883–605 BC)
194:Hittite rule
153:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1536:Syria Coele
1351:Antigonus I
1100:Preceded by
895:Late Bronze
885:Tell Hizzin
853:Beqa Valley
793:Old Kingdom
657:9th century
652:8th century
647:7th century
642:6th century
637:5th century
632:4th century
627:3rd century
622:2nd century
617:1st century
439:(1920–1943)
437:French rule
433:(1918–1920)
427:(1888–1917)
421:(1861–1918)
415:(1843-1861)
409:(1749–1957)
403:(1697–1842)
397:(1660–1864)
391:(1579–1864)
385:(1516–1840)
379:(1516–1918)
358:(1493–1860)
352:(1490–1697)
346:(1306–1591)
340:(1291–1515)
334:(1127–1250)
328:(1099–1291)
322:(1099–1291)
316:(1037–1194)
310:(1024–1080)
235:(332–64 BC)
135:History of
98:August 2016
1639:2016-08-08
1615:References
1567:Heliopolis
1557:, and the
1505:emperors.
1466:Heliopolis
1413:Pax Romana
1385:necropolis
1357:Roman rule
1339:Seleucus I
1323:Asia Minor
1317:, king of
1224:, king of
1196:Achaemenid
1188:Babylonian
980:Carchemish
958:Esarhaddon
930:See also:
758:Canaanites
752:Bronze Age
611:By century
356:Harfushids
298:(909–1171)
292:(890–1004)
280:(750–1258)
239:Roman rule
173:Prehistory
68:newspapers
1519:Caracalla
1272:found in
1226:Macedonia
1192:Phoenicia
1060:Babylonia
1030:, 500 BC.
954:Sargon II
926:Phoenicia
879:, Hazor,
841:Assyrians
742:Neolithic
579:Kfarsghab
479:Aftermath
304:(935–969)
286:(868–905)
274:(661–750)
268:(636–661)
226:Classical
182:Phoenicia
1726:Category
1648:cite web
1593:See also
1540:Phoenice
1495:Papinian
1453:and the
1428:Augustus
1215:Darius I
1078:c.332 BC
1065:c.538 BC
881:Damascus
837:Carthage
816:alphabet
804:Ahmose I
589:Kisrawan
544:Reaction
370:Colonial
350:Ma'anids
284:Tulunids
259:Medieval
155:Timeline
126:a series
124:Part of
1585:of the
1559:western
1510:colonia
1503:Severan
1482:colonia
1473:Berytus
1436:Baalbek
1421:Berytus
1407:to the
1347:Ptolemy
1327:Melqart
1319:Macedon
1270:protome
1200:Babylon
1071:•
1054:•
889:Baalbek
722:Lebanon
599:Tripoli
401:Shihabs
165:Ancient
137:Lebanon
82:scholar
1678:Beirut
1580:Muslim
1499:Ulpian
1399:added
1397:Pompey
1255:Tennes
1241:Tabnit
922:Canaan
902:Kadesh
873:Beirut
835:, and
829:Rhodes
825:Cyprus
800:Hyksos
785:Beirut
777:Byblos
738:Byblos
569:Beirut
344:Assafs
178:Canaan
128:on the
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
1583:Arabs
1381:Greek
1377:Latin
1274:Sidon
877:Sidon
861:Hazor
857:Qatna
833:Crete
789:Egypt
781:Jbeil
773:Sidon
584:Sidon
574:Chouf
89:JSTOR
75:books
1654:link
1563:Rome
1497:and
1440:tell
1389:Tyre
1379:and
1365:and
1288:The
1186:The
924:and
887:and
865:Mari
771:and
769:Tyre
760:, a
744:and
716:The
594:Tyre
61:news
1512:by
1423:.
1387:in
1202:by
44:by
1728::
1650:}}
1646:{{
1542:.
1485:,
964:.
891:.
883:,
875:,
843:.
831:,
827:,
728:.
1656:)
1642:.
1391:.
705:e
698:t
691:v
546:)
542:(
481:)
477:(
180:/
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
