62:
143:
490:
482:
627:
374:, accounting for its numerous old inns. Victorian St Albans was small and had little industry. It grew slowly, 8-9% per decade between 1801 and 1861, compared to the 31% per decade growth of London in the same period. The railway arrived relatively late. In 1869 the extension of the city boundaries was opposed by the Earl of Verulam and many of the townsfolk, but there was rapid expansion and much building at the end of the century, and between 1891 and 1901 the population grew by 37%.
351:
681:
2153:
654:(1908). He also established a film theatre on London Road to present his productions to the paying public, the Alpha Picture House, which opened on 27 July 1908, Hertfordshire's first permanent cinema. The cinema changed hands several times, variously known as the Poly, the Regent, the Capitol and the Odeon. It was replaced by a new
169:
cemeteries outside of Roman cities. The site of Alban's burial remains a topic for investigation. The site of a Roman burial was uncovered near the
Cathedral in the late 20th century, in the area of demolished medieval cloisters, probably extending beneath the present building, but there is no evidence of a connection with Alban.
109:
in 61, when
Verulamium was sacked and burnt on her orders: a black ash layer has been recorded by archaeologists, thus confirming the Roman written record. It grew steadily; by the early 3rd century, it covered an area of about 125 acres (0.51 km), behind a deep ditch and wall. It was encircled
168:
gives an account of Alban being beheaded on a hill outside the city. This suggests that the cathedral, built on a hill above the Roman city, may have been built on the site of his martyrdom. However, the cathedral could alternatively be on the site of his burial. Widespread cults of saints began in
600:
restaurant. He served as Mayor of St Albans in 1905, and remained a councillor for several years after his term of office. In later life, Ryder began to suffer from poor health and was advised to take up golf as exercise. He joined the local
Verulam Golf Club, making large donations to the club
584:
said that the Abbey "is the only one of the major churches of
England that has a West Front completely, or almost completely, Victorian." However, it seems reasonable to assume that, without Grimthorpe's money the Abbey Church would now be a ruin like many other former monastic churches.
649:
when he began to explore the new art of moving photography in the mid-1900s. By 1908, he had set up a production base, the Alpha
Production Works in Bedford Park Road, later moving to larger premises at Alma Road. Among the pioneering films he shot in St Albans was the animated fantasy,
588:
The original St Albans
Football Club was founded in October 1881, if folded in 1904. The present day St Albans City Football Club was founded on 13 April 1908. The club's home ground is Clarence Park, which was donated to the city by Sir John Blundell and opened on 23 July 1894.
716:) remained the city's largest employer (with two main plants) until the 1990s. A third plant - working on top secret defence work - also existed. Even Marconi staff only found out about this when it closed down. All of these industries are now gone from the area.
611:, the poet and printer, lived on College Street in St Albans from 1892 to 1913, and attended St Albans School. His work frequently references the Abbey of St Albans, and he ascribed mystical significance to the geography and history of the town.
184:
argued that the church was probably built in 396–8. It has been suggested that several unearthed remains might have been Roman churches but there is no certain archaeological evidence. An archaeological excavation in 1978, directed by
734:
promoted the creation of New Towns and the expansion of existing towns around London. The local authority built large housing estates at
Cottonmill (to the south), Mile House (to the south-east) and New Greens (to the north). The
31:
a settlement belonging to the
Catuvellauni (a Celtic tribe or state of southeastern Britain before the Roman conquest, attested by inscriptions into the 4th century). It was subsequently transformed into the Roman settlement of
818:
466:
The medieval road pattern was amended from the 18th century onwards. London Road was constructed in 1754, Hatfield Road in 1824 and
Verulam Road in 1833. Verulam Road was created (as part of
742:
In 1974 St Albans City
Council, St Albans Rural District Council and Harpenden Town Council were merged, as part of a major national re-organisation of local government in the UK, to form
572:(later Lord Grimthorpe) became the dominant member. Grimthorpe put up £130,000 of his own money and by sheer force of personality brought about a restoration of the church (1880–1883) in
1253:
122:, much of which were damaged during two fires, one in 155 and the other in around 250. One of the few extant Roman inscriptions in Britain is found on the remnants of the forum (see
912:
Martin Biddle and Birthe Kølbye Biddle, "The Origins of St Albans Abbey: Excavations in the Cloister 1982-1983", Occasional Paper No. 2, The Fraternity of Saint Albans Abbey, 1984
1278:
223:
Three main roads date from the medieval period—Holywell Hill, St Peter's Street, and Fishpool Street—each of which had a pilgrim church founded in the ninth century by Abbot
754:
In 2011 the population of the St Albans City and District was 140,664, up 9% on the 2001 population of 129,005. By 2021 the population had risen a further 5.4% to 148,700.
1610:
688:
In the inter-war years St Albans, in common with much of the surrounding area, became a centre for emerging high-technology industries, most notably aerospace. Nearby
1583:
1615:
1129:
1100:
292:
1474:
596:, to locate his business in St Albans, which eventually moved to offices and a large purpose-built packing seed hall on Holywell Hill, which is now a
1603:
577:
1197:
The directory of railway stations : details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present
158:, a convert to Christianity who, according to medieval sources, lived in the Roman city. He was martyred in either the third or fourth century.
1593:
1020:
1418:
1246:
564:
in 1860–1877, and some thought it ought to be allowed to decline into romantic ruin, but in the latter year, under the chairmanship of the
163:
873:
1221:
264:
closed the Abbey in 1539 and took possession of the town, it remained crown property for the next fourteen years. In 1553, Henry’s son
280:
and serving for up to three years, had executive and judicial powers. The first mayor was John Lockey. The Lady Chapel became part of
1657:
1391:
1781:
1368:
1077:
526:
677:
to be brought down over England. But when London Colney was attacked, the nation was so angered it became united in its battle.
1150:
530:
1459:
1351:
1295:
1204:
197:
near the Cathedral, supporting the contention that it is "the oldest continuous site of Christian worship in Great Britain".
731:
569:
172:
Bede referred to a Roman church dedicated to St Alban, built "when peaceable Christian times were restored" (possibly the
565:
61:
739:
area to the north-east was also expanded, completing a programme of mainly private house building begun before the war.
658:
building in 1931, and the cinema continued in operation until 1995. In 2014 the building was restored and re-opened as
95:
around AD 50, meaning that its citizens had what were known as "Latin Rights", a lesser citizenship status than a
1121:
2181:
1966:
615:
545:
319:
236:
228:
46:
1411:
514:
506:
281:
295:, was brought from London and burnt to death on Romeland for his refusal to accept the Roman Catholic doctrine of
1999:
1647:
1598:
1498:
1481:
498:
2059:
1677:
1672:
1642:
1469:
743:
541:
534:
502:
467:
257:
338:
alongside the current bridge, which is known to have existed for 2,000 years, is traditionally believed to be
2176:
2089:
1806:
232:
1936:
1826:
1667:
1632:
713:
123:
489:
142:
1866:
1435:
1404:
573:
2094:
1906:
1881:
1876:
1796:
1736:
1454:
327:
1491:
618:, lived as boy and young man in Victoria Street from 1894 to 1917. He also attended St Albans School.
334:- Malt Mill Bridge). It is thought that the Romans had built a bridge here by the 3rd century AD. The
1956:
1946:
1871:
1841:
1801:
1741:
659:
474:) specifically to aid the movement of stage coaches, since St Albans was the first major stop on the
119:
284:
and the Great Gatehouse was used as a prison until the 19th century, when the school took it over.
2054:
1926:
1911:
1821:
1816:
1698:
1373:
49:
it was known as Verlamacaestir. It later became known as St Albans because of its association with
801:
481:
1931:
1846:
1721:
1539:
1170:
Asa Briggs, "The Victorian City", in ‘’Cathedral & City: St Albans Ancient and Modern’’, ed.
1024:
697:
642:
630:
549:
303:
181:
832:
273:
2109:
1979:
1941:
1886:
1786:
1662:
1503:
224:
980:
2104:
2084:
2064:
2044:
2019:
2004:
1974:
1896:
1856:
1836:
1761:
991:
1183:
560:. The Abbey Church of St Alban had fallen into disrepair, despite work done on it under Sir
2129:
2099:
2039:
2029:
1951:
1811:
1726:
561:
557:
553:
367:
8:
2134:
2124:
2074:
2009:
1984:
1901:
1751:
1746:
1713:
1554:
1522:
1444:
867:
709:
322:, dates from 1765 and is believed to be the oldest extant bridge in Hertfordshire. It is
315:
177:
173:
937:
771:
2119:
2049:
1994:
1989:
1916:
1891:
1861:
1756:
1731:
1693:
1652:
1549:
1427:
296:
213:
1085:
521:
Company's station, now known as St Albans City, which opened on 1 October 1868 on the
2069:
2034:
1921:
1851:
1776:
1771:
1534:
1464:
1347:
1200:
805:
626:
522:
306:(1642–45) the town sided with parliament but was largely unaffected by the conflict.
288:
2079:
2024:
2014:
1791:
1766:
1588:
1544:
581:
240:
922:
2139:
1831:
1637:
1517:
1486:
1122:"Translation of the Letters Patent of the seventh year of the reign of Edward VI"
646:
645:
was born in St Albans in 1874 at 99 London Road. He became a noted figure in the
518:
335:
323:
277:
101:
possessed. It grew to a significant town, and as such received the attentions of
97:
478:
route north from London. Victoria Street was called Sweetbriar Lane until 1876.
2157:
1703:
720:
471:
269:
217:
127:
1344:
The Great Rising of 1381: the Peasants' Revolt and England's Failed Revolution
497:
There were three railway stations in the town, two of which are still active:
2170:
1578:
1573:
1529:
1449:
1171:
961:
862:
330:
in 1461, another bridge existed on this site previously (recorded in 1505 as
190:
186:
111:
20:
597:
1561:
1512:
736:
727:
701:
693:
593:
355:
1312:
350:
89:
nearer to the present city centre. The settlement was granted the rank of
1566:
877:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1012.
705:
666:
608:
363:
339:
201:
82:
50:
903:
ed. A.Herbert et.al., Fraternity of the Friends of St Albans Abbey, 2015
669:
in September 1916, following an attack on St Albans, the German Airship
1021:"Chapter House History - The Cathedral and Abbey Church of Saint Alban"
510:
475:
261:
91:
74:
66:
38:
33:
1396:
602:
265:
86:
78:
28:
16:
680:
1047:
889:
The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity
684:
St Albans on the 1 inch to the mile map Ordnance Survey map of 1944
655:
194:
180:
visited the church and subsequently promoted the cult of St Alban.
155:
147:
115:
314:
The bridge over the River Ver in St Michael's Street, adjacent to
1222:"Arthur Melbourne-Cooper: Matchstick Man of the Early Silent Era"
1039:
689:
674:
102:
85:, was built alongside the Celtic settlement in the valley of the
24:
866:
272:) to a group of local merchants and landowners. The town became
193:
of the medieval abbey, but recent investigation has uncovered a
371:
268:
sold the abbey, the governance of the town, and the market (by
131:
592:
The aforementioned transport links attracted a seed merchant,
204:
of St Alban and argue that his cult was invented by Germanus.
964:, "Alban and the Anglo-Saxon Church", in Robert Runcie (ed),
935:
670:
525:. There was also a third railway station in the city centre,
106:
1385:
1098:
981:"Story of St Alban", Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban.
370:
site, and the first coaching stop of the route to and from
159:
1301:. St Albans City & District Council. 23 November 2012.
220:
away from the ruins of Verulamium into the medieval town.
1052:
Bulletin du Centre d'Études Médiévales d'Auxerre (BUCEMA)
1284:. St Albans City & District Council. 6 January 2011.
819:"Exploring Verulamium, the Roman city of St Albans (UK)"
1611:
Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)
1252:. St Albans City & District Council. p. 164.
992:
Kenneth. S. Painter, "Recent discoveries in Britain",
485:
St Albans City station, opened 1868 (pictured in 1958)
772:"Saint Albans | England, United Kingdom | Britannica"
719:
In 1936 St Albans was the last but one stop for the
556:
was established in the main from parts of the large
1616:
Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)
1313:"Census 2021 | St Albans City and District Council"
146:13th-Century manuscript depicting the martyrdom of
189:, failed to find Roman remains on the site of the
966:Cathedral and City: St Albans Ancient and Modern,
540:In 1877, in response to a public petition, Queen
537:. This branch line closed to passengers in 1951.
378:Population of St Albans in the Nineteenth Century
110:by gated walls in AD 275. Verulamium contained a
2168:
1247:"Locally Listed Buildings: Area 5a: London Road"
1101:"A Brief History of St Albans and the Mayoralty"
505:. The first, St Albans Abbey, was opened by the
77:, the third largest town in Roman Britain after
976:
974:
578:Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
568:, a restoration committee was formed, of which
544:issued the second royal charter, which granted
362:Before the 20th century, St Albans was a rural
342:'s crossing point on his way to his execution.
1392:British History Online - the city of St Albans
470:'s large-scale improvement of sections of the
1412:
1151:St Michael's Bridge, St Albans, Hertfordshire
936:Constantius of Lyon; Trans. Vermaat, Robert.
529:, which was opened on 16 October 1865 by the
326:. According to a contemporary account of the
1069:
971:
704:. St Albans itself became a centre for the
239:respectively. The foundation of the town's
1419:
1405:
844:
842:
358:(pictured: The White Hart, Hollywell Hill)
176:) and still in use in Bede's time. In 429
1658:History of monarchy in the United Kingdom
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
994:Publications de l'École française de Rome
276:with a mayor. The mayor, assisted by ten
1075:
929:
861:
679:
625:
493:The Old London Road Station, closed 1951
488:
480:
349:
207:
141:
134:at least twice over the next 150 years.
60:
1369:Verulam House, St Albans (17th century)
1023:. Stalbanscathedral.org. Archived from
839:
802:Ecclesiastical History of England, p.18
749:
2169:
1426:
1239:
1219:
1155:
955:
811:
796:
794:
792:
1400:
1126:St Albans City & District Council
1108:St Albans City & District Council
1006:John Morris, "The Date of St Alban",
938:"The text of the Vita sancti Germani"
855:
509:on 5 May 1858 as the terminus of the
345:
309:
291:, a Protestant baker from Yorkshire,
137:
1341:
1213:
1194:
1132:from the original on 2 February 2023
1076:Saunders, Chris (24 February 2003).
1045:
621:
552:to the former Abbey Church. The new
996:, 1989, Vol.123, No.1, pp.2031-2071
789:
605:and sponsorship of the tournament.
69:have been excavated in modern times
13:
1668:History of the politics of England
1259:from the original on 23 March 2018
14:
2193:
1663:History of the economy of England
1386:St Albans History and Archaeology
1379:
1220:Ludwig, Robyn (30 October 2012).
1099:St Albans Mayor's Office (2013).
906:
243:is also attributed to this time.
150:(Trinity College Library, Dublin)
2151:
901:St Albans Cathedral & Abbey,
726:The City expanded rapidly after
523:main line from Bedford to London
507:London and North Western Railway
1648:History of education in England
1334:
1305:
1288:
1271:
1188:
1177:
1144:
1114:
1092:
1013:
1000:
985:
915:
637:, produced in St Albans in 1907
576:style, sparking the ire of the
251:
27:. It was originally founded as
1643:Government in medieval England
924:Ecclesiasticam Gentis Anglorum
894:
881:
825:
764:
258:dissolution of the monasteries
1:
1048:"Germanus, Alban and Auxerre"
757:
712:. Marconi (later part of the
694:Handley Page Aircraft Company
535:Hatfield and St Albans branch
287:In 1555, during the reign of
227:at the entrance to the town:
65:Remains of the Roman city of
1633:English overseas possessions
124:Verulamium Forum inscription
7:
1362:
517:. This was followed by the
126:). The town was rebuilt in
10:
2198:
1460:Economy in the Middle Ages
1296:"2011 Census - On The Day"
833:"BBC - History - Boudicca"
744:St Albans District Council
614:Another St Albans writer,
328:Second Battle of St Albans
200:Some historians doubt the
36:from where it grew into a
2148:
1965:
1712:
1686:
1625:
1434:
1174:, Martyn Associates, 1977
1008:Hertfordshire Archaeology
641:The pioneering filmmaker
246:
2182:History of Hertfordshire
1782:East Riding of Yorkshire
1699:Kingdom of Great Britain
1374:Verulam House, St Albans
714:General Electric Company
154:The city is named after
56:
1342:Dunn, Alastair (2002).
1199:. Sparkford: Stephens.
968:Martyn Associates, 1977
942:vortigernstudies.org.uk
874:Encyclopædia Britannica
708:company, specifically,
643:Arthur Melbourne-Cooper
631:Arthur Melbourne-Cooper
527:St Albans (London Road)
472:London to Holyhead road
354:St Albans has many old
1504:Black Death in England
1346:. Stroud, UK: Tempus.
1184:British History Online
685:
638:
531:Great Northern Railway
494:
486:
359:
165:Ecclesiastical History
151:
70:
47:Anglo-Saxon settlement
1195:Butt, R.V.J. (1995).
1088:on 26 September 2021.
887:Brown, Peter (1981).
683:
629:
601:including the famous
513:, a branch line from
492:
484:
353:
208:Later medieval period
145:
64:
19:is a city located in
2177:History of St Albans
852:Stroud: Tempus, 2001
750:Twenty-first century
562:George Gilbert Scott
558:Diocese of Rochester
368:Christian pilgrimage
332:Pons de la Maltemyll
1555:Glorious Revolution
1523:English Renaissance
1475:English unification
1445:Prehistoric Britain
1317:www.stalbans.gov.uk
1279:"Community Profile"
1128:. 2 February 2023.
1027:on 13 November 2013
710:Marconi Instruments
548:to the borough and
320:St Michael's Church
316:Kingsbury Watermill
214:Abbots of St Albans
178:Germanus of Auxerre
2158:England portal
1807:Greater Manchester
1694:Kingdom of England
1653:History of English
1470:Anglo-Saxon period
1428:History of England
1078:"The Market Place"
1046:Wood, Ian (2009).
848:Rosalind Niblett,
776:www.britannica.com
686:
660:the Odyssey Cinema
639:
635:A Dream of Toyland
495:
487:
360:
346:Nineteenth century
310:Eighteenth century
297:transubstantiation
293:George Tankerfield
152:
138:Early Christianity
73:The Roman city of
71:
2164:
2163:
1535:English Civil War
1465:Sub-Roman Britain
1388:; Chris Saunders.
1353:978-0-7524-2323-4
1206:978-1-85260-508-7
868:"St Albans"
806:Project Gutenberg
692:was the base for
673:became the first
652:Dreams of Toyland
622:Twentieth century
464:
463:
318:and not far from
304:English Civil War
2189:
2156:
2155:
2154:
1867:Northamptonshire
1594:Second World War
1499:Late Middle Ages
1482:High Middle Ages
1421:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1357:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1084:. Archived from
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1017:
1011:
1004:
998:
989:
983:
978:
969:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
933:
927:
919:
913:
910:
904:
898:
892:
885:
879:
878:
870:
859:
853:
846:
837:
836:
829:
823:
822:
815:
809:
798:
787:
786:
784:
782:
768:
730:, as government
616:Charles Williams
582:Nicholas Pevsner
550:Cathedral status
515:Watford Junction
382:
381:
282:St Albans School
2197:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2150:
2144:
1967:By city or town
1961:
1907:South Yorkshire
1882:Nottinghamshire
1877:North Yorkshire
1797:Gloucestershire
1737:Buckinghamshire
1732:City of Bristol
1708:
1682:
1638:English society
1621:
1620:
1599:Postwar Britain
1589:Interwar period
1584:First World War
1518:Elizabethan era
1487:Norman Conquest
1455:Medieval period
1430:
1425:
1382:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1001:
990:
986:
979:
972:
960:
956:
946:
944:
934:
930:
920:
916:
911:
907:
899:
895:
886:
882:
860:
856:
847:
840:
831:
830:
826:
817:
816:
812:
799:
790:
780:
778:
770:
769:
765:
760:
752:
700:became home to
647:history of film
624:
566:Earl of Verulam
519:Midland Railway
499:St Albans Abbey
348:
324:Grade II listed
312:
256:As part of the
254:
249:
210:
140:
59:
12:
11:
5:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1957:Worcestershire
1954:
1949:
1947:West Yorkshire
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Northumberland
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:City of London
1849:
1844:
1842:Leicestershire
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Greater London
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Cambridgeshire
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1704:United Kingdom
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1604:Social history
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1380:External links
1378:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1304:
1287:
1270:
1238:
1212:
1205:
1187:
1176:
1154:
1143:
1113:
1091:
1068:
1038:
1012:
1010:, Vol. 9, 1987
999:
984:
970:
954:
928:
914:
905:
893:
880:
865:, ed. (1911).
863:Chisholm, Hugh
854:
838:
824:
810:
788:
762:
761:
759:
756:
751:
748:
721:Jarrow Crusade
623:
620:
570:Edmund Beckett
503:St Albans City
468:Thomas Telford
462:
461:
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
411:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
391:
386:
347:
344:
311:
308:
270:letters patent
253:
250:
248:
245:
218:Watling Street
209:
206:
174:fourth century
139:
136:
58:
55:
42:around AD 50.
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2194:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2159:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:Milton Keynes
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:West Midlands
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Tyne and Wear
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Staffordshire
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Isle of Wight
1825:
1823:
1822:Hertfordshire
1820:
1818:
1817:Herefordshire
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Edwardian era
1577:
1575:
1574:Victorian era
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:Stuart period
1528:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:Norman period
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Roman Britain
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1297:
1291:
1280:
1274:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1227:
1226:Silent London
1223:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1172:Robert Runcie
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1082:salbani.co.uk
1079:
1072:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1003:
997:
995:
988:
982:
977:
975:
967:
963:
962:Martin Biddle
958:
943:
939:
932:
926:
925:
918:
909:
902:
897:
890:
884:
876:
875:
869:
864:
858:
851:
845:
843:
834:
828:
820:
814:
807:
803:
797:
795:
793:
777:
773:
767:
763:
755:
747:
745:
740:
738:
733:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
648:
644:
636:
632:
628:
619:
617:
612:
610:
606:
604:
599:
595:
590:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
491:
483:
479:
477:
473:
469:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
400:
397:
394:
393:
390:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
357:
356:coaching inns
352:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
307:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
205:
203:
198:
196:
192:
191:chapter house
188:
187:Martin Biddle
183:
179:
175:
170:
167:
166:
161:
157:
149:
144:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
99:
94:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
63:
54:
52:
48:
43:
41:
40:
35:
30:
26:
22:
21:Hertfordshire
18:
2114:
2000:Christchurch
1932:Warwickshire
1847:Lincolnshire
1722:Bedfordshire
1562:Georgian era
1545:Protectorate
1540:Commonwealth
1513:Tudor period
1343:
1335:Bibliography
1320:. Retrieved
1316:
1307:
1290:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1215:
1196:
1190:
1179:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1125:
1116:
1107:
1094:
1086:the original
1081:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:
1051:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1025:the original
1015:
1007:
1002:
993:
987:
965:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:
931:
923:
917:
908:
900:
896:
888:
883:
872:
857:
849:
827:
813:
779:. Retrieved
775:
766:
753:
741:
737:Marshalswick
728:World War II
725:
718:
702:de Havilland
687:
664:
651:
640:
634:
613:
607:
594:Samuel Ryder
591:
587:
539:
496:
465:
458:
448:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
388:
377:
376:
361:
331:
313:
301:
289:Queen Mary I
286:
255:
252:Early Modern
237:St Michael's
229:St Stephen's
222:
211:
199:
171:
164:
153:
130:rather than
96:
90:
72:
44:
37:
15:
2110:Southampton
1980:Bournemouth
1942:West Sussex
1887:Oxfordshire
1787:East Sussex
1567:Regency era
1550:Restoration
1061:19 November
1031:13 November
947:19 November
850:Verulamium,
781:29 November
706:Marconi plc
667:World War I
609:Ralph Chubb
546:city status
364:market town
302:During the
202:historicity
182:John Morris
51:Saint Alban
2171:Categories
2105:Shrewsbury
2085:Portsmouth
2065:Nottingham
2045:Manchester
2020:Folkestone
2005:Colchester
1975:Birmingham
1897:Shropshire
1857:Merseyside
1837:Lancashire
1762:Derbyshire
1322:15 January
1136:9 December
758:References
598:Café Rouge
574:Neo-Gothic
511:Abbey Line
262:Henry VIII
233:St Peter's
92:municipium
83:Colchester
75:Verulamium
67:Verulamium
45:After the
39:municipium
34:Verulamium
2130:Worcester
2115:St Albans
2100:Sheffield
2095:Rochester
2060:Newcastle
2040:Maidstone
2030:Liverpool
1952:Wiltshire
1812:Hampshire
1727:Berkshire
1714:By county
603:Ryder Cup
278:burgesses
266:Edward VI
216:diverted
87:River Ver
79:Londinium
29:Verlamion
17:St Albans
2135:Worthing
2125:Wetherby
2075:Plymouth
2010:Coventry
1985:Brighton
1902:Somerset
1752:Cornwall
1747:Cheshire
1687:Polities
1436:Timeline
1363:See also
1263:23 March
1254:Archived
1130:Archived
698:Hatfield
696:, while
656:Art Deco
542:Victoria
476:coaching
195:basilica
156:St Alban
148:St Alban
116:basilica
2120:Torquay
2090:Reading
2050:Margate
1995:Chester
1990:Bristol
1917:Suffolk
1892:Rutland
1862:Norfolk
1757:Cumbria
690:Radlett
675:airship
665:During
554:diocese
533:on its
274:borough
241:markets
225:Ulsinus
120:theatre
105:of the
103:Boudica
98:colonia
25:England
2070:Oxford
2035:London
1922:Surrey
1777:Durham
1772:Dorset
1626:Topics
1350:
1231:5 July
1203:
921:Bede,
800:Bede.
732:policy
459:16,181
449:12,478
439:10,659
429:10,421
372:London
247:Modern
132:timber
118:and a
2080:Poole
2025:Leeds
2015:Dover
1792:Essex
1767:Devon
1678:Riots
1299:(PDF)
1282:(PDF)
1257:(PDF)
1250:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
671:SL 11
419:9,090
409:8,208
399:6,582
389:3,872
340:Alban
128:stone
112:forum
107:Iceni
57:Roman
2140:York
1832:Kent
1673:Wars
1348:ISBN
1324:2023
1265:2018
1233:2015
1201:ISBN
1138:2023
1063:2014
1033:2013
949:2014
783:2021
501:and
455:1901
445:1891
435:1881
425:1871
415:1861
405:1851
395:1831
385:1801
366:, a
336:ford
235:and
212:The
160:Bede
81:and
633:'s
162:'s
2173::
1315:.
1224:.
1157:^
1124:.
1106:.
1080:.
1056:13
1054:.
1050:.
973:^
940:.
871:.
841:^
804:.
791:^
774:.
746:.
723:.
662:.
580:.
299:.
260:,
231:,
114:,
53:.
23:,
1420:e
1413:t
1406:v
1356:.
1326:.
1267:.
1235:.
1209:.
1140:.
1110:.
1065:.
1035:.
951:.
891:.
835:.
821:.
808:.
785:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
