638:
654:
504:
212:
1629:
169:. The oral history of Samoa preserves the memories of many battles fought between Samoa and neighboring islands. Intermarriage between Tongan and Fijian royalty and Samoan nobility helped build close relationships between these island nations that still exist today. These royal blood ties are routinely acknowledged at special events and cultural gatherings. According to Samoan folklore, two maidens from Fiji brought to Samoa the tools that were necessary to engage in the art of tatau (in English,
429:
19:
778:, and lobbied to have the name change reversed in order to maintain peace and good relations. An American Samoan petition to the United Nations for a ban on Samoa's using the name Samoa was seriously discussed and ten American Samoan representatives sponsored an unsuccessful bill aimed at preventing American Samoa from recognizing independent Samoa's new name. The proposed American Samoan bill was criticized by independent Samoa's Prime Minister
437:
2068:
300:
158:. Mysteriously, during this period, the making of pottery appears to have suddenly stopped. The Samoan peoples have no oral tradition that purports to explain this. Some archaeologists have suggested that Polynesia lacked pottery-making materials and that most of the pottery used during the migration period in Polynesia was imported rather than sourced or crafted locally.
860:
on their transactions. Thus by the 19th century, Samoan calendars were aligned with those of the other
Asiatic countries to the west and south. However, in 1892, American traders convinced the king to alter the country's dating system to align with the United States; thus the country lived through 4
729:
was shot along with eleven others during an otherwise peaceful demonstration in Apia. Tupua
Tamasese died the following day; his final words included a plea that no more blood be shed. The leaders of the Mau and other Samoan critics of the administration of Samoa were sent into exile in New Zealand,
568:
on 1 April 1899, with the allies in retreat. According to a war correspondent associated with the
Auckland Star newspaper, the aftermath saw Mata'afa's warriors leaving American and British corpses on the field being severed of their heads. Germany, Britain and the United States quickly resolved to
488:
battling for control of Samoa - America, Germany and
Britain - and the indigenous factions which were all jockeying for complete political authority. He was convinced that the European officials appointed to rule the Samoans were incompetent, and after many futile attempts to resolve the matter, he
419:
In the 1880s Great
Britain, Germany and the United States all claimed parts of the kingdom of Samoa, and established trade posts. The rivalry between these powers exacerbated tensions between the indigenous factions which were all jockeying for complete political authority. The islands were divided
773:
adopted on 4 July 1997. The step caused "surprise and uproar" in neighboring
American Samoa, as for some American Samoans the change of name implied a claim to be the "real" Samoa and implied that American Samoa was just an American appendix. Two members of American Samoa's legislature traveled to
153:
pottery shards that are found throughout the islands. The oldest shards found so far have been in
Mulifanua and in Sasoa'a, Falefa. The oldest archaeological evidence found on the islands of Polynesia, Samoa and Tonga all date from around that same period, suggesting that the first settlement
861:
July 1892, twice. But 119 years later, the economic geography of the island had changed, and most business was being done with
Australia and New Zealand. To make the jump back to the Asian date Samoa and Tokelau skipped 30 December 2011.
154:
occurred around the same time in the region as a whole. Little is known about human activity in the islands between 750 BC and 1000 AD, though this may have been a period of mass migrations that led to the settlement of present-day
826:, who was anointed the head of state title with the unanimous endorsement of Samoa's Parliament, a symbol of traditional Samoan protocol in alignment with Samoan decision-making stressing the importance of consensus in the 21st century.
691:. Although Germany refused to officially surrender the islands, no resistance was offered and the occupation took place without any fighting. New Zealand continued the occupation of Western Samoa throughout World War I. Under the
495:. The book covers the period from 1882 to 1892. This was such a stinging protest against existing conditions that it resulted in the recall of two officials, and Stevenson feared for a time it would result in his own deportation.
484:. He quickly became passionately involved in the attendant political machinations. His influence spread to the Samoans, who consulted him for advice, and he soon became involved in local politics. These involved the three
345:
Malietoa Vainu'upo to establish the London
Missionary Society mission. The LMS missionaries brought Tahitian converts to share their acceptance of the new religion. This Christian endeavor laid the foundation of the
710:. 90% (or 34,471) of the 38,302 native inhabitants were infected and 20% (or 6,894 people) died. The American Samoa population was largely spared this devastation, due to vigorous efforts of its governor,
396:
processing. British business enterprises, harbour rights, and consulate office were the basis on which
Britain had cause to intervene in Samoa. The United States Navy began operations at the harbor of
1000:. (Yale University Press, 1928), p. 574; the Tripartite Convention (United States, Germany, Great Britain) was signed at Washington on 2 December 1899 with ratifications exchanged on 16 February 1900.
637:
714:. This led to some Samoan citizens petitioning in January 1919 for transfer to U.S. administration, or at least away from the New Zealand administration. The petition was recalled a few days later.
250:. In the Cook Islands to the east, the tradition is that Karika, or Tui Manu'a 'Ali's, came to the Cook Islands from Manu'a; suggesting that the rest of Polynesia was settled from Manu'a and Samoa.
462:
was fought roughly between 1886 and 1894, primarily between rival Samoan factions, although the rival powers intervened on several occasions with military forces. There followed an
669:("opinion movement"), Western Samoans began to assert their claim to independence. The Mau movement began in 1908 with the 'Mau a Pule' resistance on Savai'i, led by orator chief
388:
expanded with large plantation operations being introduced for coconut, cacao and hevea rubber cultivation, especially on the island of 'Upolu where German firms monopolized
573:. With Tanu and his American and British allies' inability to defeat him in war, the Tripartite resulted in Mata'afa being promoted to Ali'i Si'i, the high chief of Samoa.
769:
A conflict briefly emerged between Samoa and American Samoa following Samoa's decision to drop the adjective "Western" from its name. The change was made by an act of the
754:. Later that year a treaty of friendship was signed with New Zealand, under which New Zealand agreed to assist Western Samoa in foreign policy if desired. Samoa became a
361:
reached Samoa in 1839 and appointed an Englishman, John C. Williams, son of the missionary, as acting U.S. consul. However this appointment was never confirmed by the
286:
visited Samoa, where at Tutuila Island, in what is now American Samoa, there was a conflict leading to deaths on both sides, including the deaths of twelve Frenchmen.
1404:
1054:
491:
725:. The Mau movement gained momentum with Samoa's royal leaders becoming more visible in supporting the movement but opposing violence. On 28 December 1929
550:. Supporting Prince Tanu were landing parties from four British and American warships. Over several days of fighting, the Samoan rebels were defeated.
848:
In August 2022, Samoa’s Legislative Assembly reappointed Tuimaleali’ifano Vaaletoa Sualauvi II as the Head of State for a second term of five years.
1506:
1134:
283:
634:
and other territories in West Africa. It does not appear that any Samoans were consulted about the partition and the monarchy was also abolished.
474:, and a larger-scale war seemed imminent, until a massive storm on 15 March 1889 damaged or destroyed the warships, ending the military conflict.
823:
471:
1765:
120:
1737:
755:
595:
for the United States, C. N. E. Eliot, C.B. for Great Britain, and Freiherr Speck von Sternburg for Germany, agreed to divide the islands.
170:
750:
nation to be recognized as a sovereign state in the 20th century. Samoa's first prime minister following independence was paramount chief
2093:
318:
751:
2465:
1358:
341:
began arriving around 1830. Coming via Tahiti, they were known in Samoa as the Lotu Taiti. The Rev. John Williams was helped by the
412:. On April 17, 1900, the U.S flag was raised on Sogelau hill of Fagatogo village. Thus, Eastern Samoa became the U.S. Territory of
347:
1916:
2470:
1964:
1881:
533:
reached a head in 1898 when Germany, Great Britain and the United States disputed over who should control the Samoan Islands.
466:, where each of the three powers supplied arms, training, and in some cases, combat troops to the warring Samoan parties. The
365:; John C. Williams was merely recognized as "Commercial Agent of the United States". A British consul was already residing at
1119:
1064:
834:
1499:
842:
811:
In 2007, Samoa's first head of state, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II, died at age 94. He held this title jointly with
653:
2017:
1376:
564:. Following the initial defeat at Apia, Mata'afa's rebels defeated a combined American, British and Tanu allied force at
804:
to Samoa, leading to an epidemic which devastated the Samoan population, and the shooting of leaders of the non-violent
2227:
1257:
354:
57:
1206:
1180:
2113:
2057:
2052:
1429:
1391:
1314:
1084:
1034:
598:
The Tripartite Convention gave control of the islands west of 171 degrees west longitude to Germany, (later known as
2123:
1730:
880:
815:
until the latter's death in 1963. Malietoa Tanumafili II was Samoa's Head of State for 45 years. He was the son of
1628:
1921:
1780:
1654:
1492:
856:
As European traders began commercial (and later domination) activities in the Samoan Islands, they imposed their
503:
1026:
The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History
2237:
2207:
1515:
722:
789:
formally apologized for two incidents during the period of New Zealand's administration: a failure in 1918 to
2222:
1530:
770:
275:
108:
49:
1109:
2103:
1931:
1876:
1666:
838:
588:
570:
149:
was around 2900–3500 years before the present (1500-900 BCE). This estimate is based on dating the ancient
2281:
1891:
1871:
1843:
1800:
1723:
42:, nearby islands with which Samoa has long had genealogical links as well as shared cultural traditions.
2192:
2042:
2032:
1957:
1810:
726:
373:
338:
208:, continued this system, and their era is considered to be a golden age of Samoan cultural traditions.
65:
31:
263:
Contact with Europeans began in the early 18th century but did not intensify until the arrival of the
2460:
2307:
1911:
1866:
830:
718:
140:
812:
34:. Both Samoa's early history and its more recent history are strongly connected to the histories of
2396:
1906:
1886:
1639:
1555:
565:
264:
1233:
630:). In exchange for Britain ceding claims in Samoa, Germany transferred their protectorates in the
2232:
2128:
2108:
2012:
1273:
1095:
Mains, P. John; McCarty, Louis Philippe (1906). The Statistician and Economist: Volume 23. p. 249
763:
670:
646:
530:
520:
512:
242:. The earliest history of Samoa concerns a political center in the easternmost Samoan islands of
81:
404:
in 1877 and formed alliances with local native chieftains, most conspicuously on the islands of
2344:
1790:
775:
558:
477:
470:
came to a critical juncture in March 1889 when all three Western contenders sent warships into
232:
1377:"Pacific island swears in its first female PM in a tent after she is locked out of Parliament"
1300:
1024:
2349:
2334:
2324:
2319:
2172:
2088:
2022:
1950:
1147:
969:
816:
731:
717:
New Zealand administered Western Samoa, or Samoa i Sisifo in the Samoan language, first as a
631:
380:, which were then known as the Navigator Islands. During the second half of the 19th century
362:
85:
2381:
2271:
2197:
1990:
1760:
1484:
927:
692:
688:
228:
132:
274:
was the first European to see the islands. This visit was followed by the French explorer
8:
1775:
779:
308:
1579:
931:
742:
Samoa received its independence from New Zealand on 1 January 1962 and adopted the name
420:
among the three powers in the 1890s, and between the United States and Germany in 1899.
2293:
2177:
2098:
2076:
1926:
1825:
1746:
1560:
1538:
875:
857:
547:
146:
2401:
2376:
2212:
2202:
2155:
2005:
1901:
1820:
1607:
1479:
1425:
1310:
1301:"'Pacific Island talks': Commonwealth Office notes on four-power talks in Washington"
1115:
1060:
1030:
891:
711:
704:
2430:
2263:
2251:
2167:
2037:
1995:
1815:
1795:
1785:
945:
935:
463:
459:
449:
313:
69:
45:
2411:
211:
2391:
2371:
2360:
2329:
1896:
1848:
1770:
1543:
1304:
916:"Radiocarbon Determinations from the Mulifanua Lapita Site, Upolu, Western Samoa"
271:
224:
2439:
2406:
2386:
2339:
2133:
870:
627:
592:
481:
413:
377:
358:
150:
116:
93:
61:
27:
940:
915:
2454:
2366:
2118:
2067:
2000:
1231:
743:
599:
538:
524:
467:
453:
381:
247:
216:
161:
Samoa's early history is interwoven with the history of certain chiefdoms of
136:
103:
After World War I, New Zealand took over the administration of what had been
97:
89:
77:
73:
2047:
2027:
1698:
1612:
819:, who was the last Samoan king recognized by Europe and the Western World.
805:
759:
666:
615:
582:
238:
According to oral tradition, Samoa and Polynesian share a common ancestor:
201:
193:
104:
2182:
707:
204:: decentralized family, village, and regional chiefly systems. Her niece,
1473:
801:
786:
684:
680:
546:
were besieged by a larger force of Samoan rebels loyal to powerful chief
543:
485:
428:
268:
1309:. University of London: Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 305.
1693:
1571:
1454:
The Samoan Tangle: A Study in Anglo-German-American Relations 1878–1900
1441:
Kennedy, P. M. "Bismarck's Imperialism: The Case of Samoa, 1880-1890."
1419:
1306:
British Documents on the End of Empire Project Series B Volume 10: Fiji
1011:
The Samoan Tangle: A Study in Anglo-German-American Relations 1878–1900
790:
393:
334:
205:
1446:
950:
100:
agreed to partition the islands into German Samoa and American Samoa.
18:
1715:
1584:
794:
747:
658:
623:
409:
397:
243:
155:
68:
expanded its trading business into the Samoan archipelago. The first
48:
first reached the Samoan islands in the early 18th century. In 1768,
1424:. Hobby Investments, Adelaide, South Australia. 2nd printing, 1980.
498:
2138:
1589:
1548:
885:
436:
423:
342:
1346:
Migration happens: reasons, effects and opportunities of Migration
673:. Lauaki and Mau a Pule chiefs, wives and children were exiled to
416:. The Kingdom of Manu'a joined as part of American Samoa in 1904.
2354:
1942:
1659:
1565:
1348:, Katarina Ferro, Margot Wallner and Richard Bedford, 2006. p. 72
619:
405:
401:
239:
197:
179:
845:. On 24 May 2021, she was sworn in as the new prime minister.
674:
642:
607:
1232:
New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage (19 July 2010).
235:, which is thought by linguists to have originated in Taiwan.
1973:
618:. The United States was given control the eastern islands of
614:) and other adjoining islands. These islands became known as
611:
603:
389:
385:
166:
112:
35:
1514:
1461:
The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa
998:
The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa
569:
end the hostilities by partitioning the island chain at the
1392:"Tuimalealiifano reappointed as Samoa Head of State | PINA"
554:
508:
366:
185:
162:
39:
145:
It is estimated that the earliest human settlement of the
2286:
1258:
Mata'afa, friend to all, who led Samoa 'long and loyally'
1148:"The Military Administration of Western Samoa, 1914-1919"
774:
Apia in September 1997 to meet with Samoan head of State
695:
in 1919, Germany relinquished its claims to the islands.
1114:. Facts on File Inc, factsonfile.com. pp. 479–480.
970:"An account of Samoan history up to 1918: Chapters I-IV"
192:
The dominant cultural traditions of Samoa, known as the
80:
powers for control of the area. This in turn led to the
111:. This area became independent in 1962 and was renamed
30:
were first settled some 3,500 years ago as part of the
1056:
A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa
833:
became Samoa's first female prime minister. Fiamē's
215:
1934 Sketch map showing the central position of the
173:), and this is the origin of the traditional Samoan
1052:
1359:"Samoa set to appoint first female prime minister"
657:New Zealand sailors removing the white strip from
641:Exiled group aboard German warship taking them to
591:, a joint commission of three members composed of
499:The Second Samoan Civil War and the Siege of Apia
2452:
1478:, George Turner (1884), an eText available from
1329:Constitution Amendment Act (No. 2) 1997 (No. 15)
424:The First Samoan Civil War and the Samoan crisis
1274:"Western Samoa SMOOTH PROGRESS TO INDEPENDENCE"
542:occurred in March 1899. Samoan forces loyal to
1022:
841:, ending the rule of long-term Prime Minister
822:Samoa's current head of state is His Highness
782:who called the bill "rash and irresponsible".
480:arrived in Samoa in 1889 and built a house at
1958:
1731:
1500:
1181:"Western Samoa – A Continuing Disappointment"
661:, the insignia of the Mau uniform, circa 1930
121:unincorporated territory of the United States
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1207:"Pig-Headed New Zealand and Stubborn Samoa"
756:member state of the Commonwealth of Nations
307:It has been suggested that this section be
284:Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
22:Chromograph map of Samoa - George Cram 1896
1965:
1951:
1738:
1724:
1507:
1493:
1476:Samoa, A Hundred Years Ago And Long Before
1298:
851:
683:broke out in August 1914, and soon after,
1686:
1332:
1145:
949:
939:
665:From 1908, with the establishment of the
507:German, British and American warships in
253:
1516:Former German colonies and protectorates
1079:Letter to Sidney Colvin, 17 April 1893,
808:during a ceremonial procession in 1929.
652:
636:
502:
435:
427:
348:Congregational Christian Church of Samoa
333:European and Tahitian and Cook Islander
278:(1729–1811), the man who named them the
210:
17:
1456:(University of Queensland Press, 2013).
1292:
1013:(University of Queensland Press, 2013).
913:
824:Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
376:expanded its trading business into the
84:(1898-1899), which was resolved by the
2453:
1745:
785:In 2002, New Zealand's prime minister
576:
553:American and British warships shelled
1946:
1719:
1488:
1199:
1173:
1048:
1046:
992:
990:
988:
986:
771:Legislative Assembly of Western Samoa
762:visited Samoa during her tour of the
311:out into another article titled
1647:
1389:
1251:
1234:"Towards independence - NZ in Samoa"
1107:
1103:
1101:
963:
961:
909:
907:
293:
196:, originated with the warrior queen
752:Fiamē Mataʻafa Faumuina Mulinuʻu II
698:
589:Samoa Tripartite Convention of 1899
13:
1972:
1435:
1043:
983:
967:
758:on 28 August 1970. In 1977, Queen
355:United States Exploring Expedition
64:, reached Samoa in 1839. In 1855,
58:United States Exploring Expedition
14:
2482:
1467:
1111:Dictionary of wars, Third Edition
1098:
958:
904:
888:- state dynasty and chiefly title
72:(1886-1894) led to the so-called
2066:
1627:
1299:Brij V Lal (22 September 2006).
881:List of prime ministers of Samoa
645:. Standing 3rd from the left is
557:on 15 March 1899; including the
298:
126:
1398:
1383:
1369:
1351:
1323:
1266:
1225:
1139:
1128:
737:
687:sent an expeditionary force to
289:
258:
107:, and the area was renamed the
1766:Federated States of Micronesia
1463:(Yale University Press, 1928).
1280:. 30 December 1961. p. 10
1211:III(3) Pacific Islands Monthly
1185:II(10) Pacific Islands Monthly
1155:New Zealand Journal of History
1089:
1073:
1016:
1003:
843:Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi
723:United Nations Trust Territory
432:Wrecked vessels at Apia (1889)
1:
2471:History of the Samoan Islands
2466:New Zealand–Pacific relations
1408:The Philippines Skipped A Day
1029:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 569–70.
897:
689:seize and occupy German Samoa
677:in 1909. Many died in exile.
571:Tripartite Convention of 1899
276:Louis-Antoine de Bougainville
109:Western Samoa Trust Territory
50:Louis-Antoine de Bougainville
1023:Spencer Tucker, ed. (2009).
233:Austronesian language family
7:
864:
10:
2487:
2094:Cities, towns and villages
2058:2021 constitutional crisis
1445:15, no. 2 (1972): 261–83.
708:strongly hit the territory
580:
518:
447:
339:John Williams (missionary)
200:. Her rule instituted the
130:
2424:
2315:
2306:
2259:
2250:
2163:
2154:
2084:
2075:
2064:
1981:
1857:
1834:
1753:
1679:
1638:
1623:
1600:
1529:
1522:
1053:Stevenson, Robert Louis.
941:10.1017/S0033822200031635
719:League of Nations Mandate
374:J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn
141:History of American Samoa
66:J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn
1917:Northern Mariana Islands
1288:– via Papers Past.
1108:Kohn, George C. (1986).
914:Petchey, Fion J (2001).
671:Lauaki Namulau'ulu Mamoe
246:, under the rule of the
1882:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1459:Ryden, George Herbert.
1261:Pacific Islands Monthly
996:Ryden, George Herbert.
852:Calendar usage in Samoa
837:party narrowly won the
647:Lauaki Namulauulu Mamoe
531:Second Samoan Civil War
521:Second Samoan Civil War
513:Alfred James Tattersall
267:missionaries. In 1722,
82:Second Samoan Civil War
2033:New Zealand occupation
1417:Eustis, Nelson. 1979.
813:Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole
776:Malietoa Tanumafili II
703:In November 1918, the
662:
650:
516:
478:Robert Louis Stevenson
445:
444:wrecked at Apia (1889)
433:
254:After European contact
220:
165:and of the kingdom of
32:Austronesian expansion
23:
2238:Deputy Prime Minister
2023:Tripartite Convention
1860:and other territories
1136:Papers Past (website)
817:Malietoa Tanumafili I
746:, becoming the first
732:Olaf Frederick Nelson
656:
640:
632:North Solomon Islands
506:
492:A Footnote to History
439:
431:
363:U.S. State Department
214:
131:Further information:
86:Tripartite Convention
76:, a struggle between
21:
2272:Western Samoan pound
831:Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa
800:, which carried the
693:Treaty of Versailles
464:eight-year civil war
337:and traders, led by
223:Linguistically, the
133:Archaeology in Samoa
932:2001Radcb..43...63P
780:Tofilau Eti Alesana
577:Division of islands
2282:Telecommunications
2114:Samoan plant names
2018:Colonial governors
1747:History of Oceania
1443:Historical Journal
1146:Mary Boyd (1968).
876:History of Oceania
858:datekeeping system
663:
651:
517:
446:
434:
231:sub-branch of the
221:
147:Samoan archipelago
60:(1838–42), led by
46:European explorers
24:
2448:
2447:
2420:
2419:
2302:
2301:
2246:
2245:
2228:Political parties
2214:O le Ao o le Malo
2193:Foreign relations
2150:
2149:
2006:1889 Apia cyclone
1940:
1939:
1932:Wallis and Futuna
1877:Clipperton Island
1835:Associated states
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1675:
1674:
1621:
1620:
1556:South West Africa
1480:Project Gutenberg
1452:Kennedy, Paul M.
1213:. 19 October 1932
1121:978-0-8160-6577-6
1066:978-1-4264-0754-3
1009:Paul M. Kennedy,
892:Politics of Samoa
712:John Martin Poyer
331:
330:
326:
282:in 1768. In 1787
280:Navigator Islands
54:Navigator Islands
2478:
2461:History of Samoa
2433:
2313:
2312:
2276:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2218:
2188:
2187:(chiefly system)
2161:
2160:
2142:
2082:
2081:
2070:
2013:Second Civil War
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1922:Pitcairn Islands
1892:French Polynesia
1872:Christmas Island
1801:Papua New Guinea
1781:Marshall Islands
1754:Sovereign states
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699:New Zealand rule
460:Samoan Civil War
450:Samoan Civil War
357:(1838–42) under
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314:Kingdom of Samoa
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70:Samoan Civil War
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2053:2009 earthquake
2043:Trust Territory
1996:First Civil War
1977:
1971:
1941:
1936:
1859:
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1811:Solomon Islands
1749:
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1544:Kionga Triangle
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1436:Further reading
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1263:, July 1975, p7
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585:
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548:Mata'afa Iosefo
527:
511:harbour, 1899 (
501:
456:
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327:
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292:
272:Jacob Roggeveen
261:
256:
227:belongs to the
225:Samoan language
219:in the Pacific.
183:for men and as
177:(also known as
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129:
88:, in which the
52:named them the
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11:
5:
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2233:Prime Minister
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2134:Samoan Islands
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2008:
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1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976: articles
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1938:
1937:
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1912:Norfolk Island
1909:
1904:
1899:
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1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:American Samoa
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
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1846:
1840:
1838:
1837:of New Zealand
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1468:External links
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1379:. 24 May 2021.
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968:Tuvale, Te'o.
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883:
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871:American Samoa
866:
863:
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727:Tupua Tamasese
721:and then as a
700:
697:
628:American Samoa
602:), containing
593:Bartlett Tripp
578:
575:
539:Battle of Apia
500:
497:
425:
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414:American Samoa
378:Samoan Islands
359:Charles Wilkes
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324:(January 2024)
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62:Charles Wilkes
28:Samoan Islands
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1887:Easter Island
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1187:. 19 May 1932
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829:In May 2021,
827:
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788:
783:
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749:
745:
744:Western Samoa
735:
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635:
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629:
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621:
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613:
610:(the current
609:
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601:
600:Western Samoa
596:
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584:
574:
572:
567:
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562:
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541:
540:
534:
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525:Siege of Apia
522:
514:
510:
505:
496:
494:
493:
487:
483:
479:
475:
473:
469:
468:Samoan crisis
465:
461:
455:
454:Samoan crisis
451:
443:
438:
430:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
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387:
384:influence in
383:
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217:Samoa Islands
213:
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176:
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138:
134:
127:Early history
124:
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118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
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94:Great Britain
91:
90:United States
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:Samoan crisis
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
20:
16:
2359:
2350:Demographics
2335:Coat of arms
2325:Architecture
2213:
2183:
2173:Constitution
2048:Independence
2038:World War II
2028:German Samoa
1982:
1858:Dependencies
1844:Cook Islands
1805:
1699:Nazi Germany
1697:(claimed by
1680:Unrecognised
1475:
1460:
1453:
1442:
1418:
1407:
1400:
1385:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1345:
1325:
1305:
1294:
1284:28 September
1282:. Retrieved
1277:
1268:
1260:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1237:
1227:
1217:26 September
1215:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1191:26 September
1189:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1158:
1154:
1141:
1130:
1110:
1091:
1080:
1075:
1055:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1005:
997:
975:19 September
973:. Retrieved
926:(1): 63–68.
923:
919:
855:
847:
828:
821:
810:
806:Mau movement
796:
784:
768:
764:Commonwealth
760:Elizabeth II
741:
738:Independence
716:
702:
679:
667:Mau movement
664:
616:German Samoa
597:
586:
583:German Samoa
561:Philadelphia
560:
552:
537:
535:
528:
490:
486:great powers
476:
472:Apia harbour
457:
441:
418:
371:
352:
335:Missionaries
332:
323:
312:
290:19th century
279:
262:
259:18th century
237:
222:
191:
189:for women).
184:
178:
174:
160:
144:
105:German Samoa
102:
53:
44:
25:
15:
2382:LGBT rights
2104:Earthquakes
1991:Archaeology
1791:New Zealand
1640:Concessions
1561:West Africa
1539:East Africa
1406:slate.com,
920:Radiocarbon
802:Spanish flu
787:Helen Clark
705:Spanish flu
685:New Zealand
681:World War I
544:Prince Tanu
119:remains an
2455:Categories
2377:Literature
2361:Faʻa Sāmoa
2275:(historic)
2266:(currency)
2223:Parliament
2208:Ministries
2141:(mountain)
1694:New Swabia
1687:Antarctica
1608:New Guinea
1572:Neukamerun
1420:Aggie Grey
1165:19 January
951:10289/3693
898:References
791:quarantine
748:Polynesian
730:including
581:See also:
519:See also:
489:published
458:The First
448:See also:
394:cocoa bean
248:Tui Manu'a
229:Polynesian
206:Salamasina
171:the tattoo
137:Tui Manu'a
2355:Ethnicity
2294:Transport
2184:Faʻamatai
2178:Elections
2139:Silisili
2099:Districts
2077:Geography
1761:Australia
1585:Mahinland
1278:The Press
659:lava-lava
398:Pago Pago
202:fa'amatai
194:fa'asamoa
156:Polynesia
2440:Category
2402:Religion
2392:Proverbs
2372:Language
2203:Military
2156:Politics
1776:Kiribati
1667:Tientsin
1660:Tsingtao
1590:Togoland
1549:Wituland
1523:Colonies
1422:of Samoa
1243:29 April
1161:(2): 163
886:Malietoa
865:See also
839:election
795:SS
372:In 1855
269:Dutchman
2431:Outline
2340:Culture
2308:Society
2252:Economy
2168:Cabinet
2119:Hotspot
1983:History
1927:Tokelau
1826:Vanuatu
1601:Oceania
1566:Kamerun
1363:Reuters
928:Bibcode
649:, 1909.
620:Tutuila
566:Vailele
482:Vailima
406:Tutuila
402:Tutuila
319:Discuss
265:British
240:Tagaloa
198:Nafanua
98:Germany
78:Western
2407:Sports
2330:Cinema
2320:Anthem
2129:Rivers
2001:Crisis
1902:Hawaii
1821:Tuvalu
1531:Africa
1447:online
1428:
1313:
1118:
1063:
1033:
797:Talune
675:Saipan
643:Saipan
624:Manu'a
608:Savaii
410:Aunu'u
382:German
244:Manu'a
151:Lapita
139:, and
56:. The
2387:Music
2345:Dance
2264:Tālā
2109:Fauna
1974:Samoa
1816:Tonga
1806:Samoa
1796:Palau
1786:Nauru
1648:China
1613:Samoa
1151:(PDF)
612:Samoa
604:Upolu
442:Adler
390:copra
386:Samoa
343:Ali'i
309:split
175:movie
167:Tonga
113:Samoa
36:Tonga
2367:Flag
2089:Bays
1897:Guam
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