History of Romania

3381: 4605: 9556: 5817: 2599: 876: 5635:. Presidential and parliamentary elections were held on 20 May 1990. Taking advantage of FSN's tight control of the national radio and television, Iliescu won 85% of the vote. The FSN secured two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. Though most protesters left University Square after the government gained a large parliamentary majority, a minority deemed the results undemocratic and demanded the exclusion from political life of the former high-ranking Communist Party members. The peaceful demonstrations degenerated into violence; some of the protesters attacked the police headquarters, national television station, and the Foreign Ministry. After the police failed to bring the demonstrators to order, 4808: 4975:'s advance into Romania, but did not avert a rapid Soviet occupation and capture of about 130,000 Romanian soldiers, who were transported to the Soviet Union, where many perished in prison camps. The armistice was signed three weeks later on 12 September 1944, on terms virtually dictated by the Soviet Union. Under the terms of the armistice, Romania announced its unconditional surrender to the USSR and was placed under occupation of the Allied forces with the Soviet Union as their representative, in control of media, communication, post, and civil administration behind the front. Some attribute the postponement of a formal Allied recognition of the 2486:

slopes of the Carpathians. Ptolemy named the Coestoboci (Costoboci in Roman sources) twice, showing them divided by the Dniester and the Peucinian (Carpathian) Mountains. This suggests that they lived on both sides of the Carpathians, but it is also possible that two accounts about the same people were combined. There was also a group, the Transmontani, that some modern scholars identify as Dacian Transmontani Costoboci of the extreme north. The name Transmontani was from the Dacians' Latin, literally "people over the mountains". Mullenhoff identified these with the Transiugitani, another Dacian tribe north of the Carpathian mountains.

5155:, the Allies did not acknowledge Romania as a co-belligerent nation but instead applied the term "ally of Hitlerite Germany" to all recipients of the treaty's stipulations. Like Finland, Romania had to pay $ 300 million to the Soviet Union as war reparations. However, the treaty specifically recognized that Romania switched sides on 24 August 1944, and therefore "acted in the interests of all the United Nations". As a reward, Northern Transylvania was, once again, recognized as an integral part of Romania, but the border with the USSR and Bulgaria was fixed at its state in January 1941, restoring the pre-Barbarossa status quo (with 1457:, who preceded Decebalus as king. Coryllus is supposed to have presided over a long peaceful 40-year rule, however, the name Coryllus is not mentioned by any other historian, and it has been argued that it "is a misspelling of Scorilo, a relatively common Dacian name". On this basis, Coryllus has been equated with the Scorilo named on an ancient Dacian pot bearing the words “Decebalus per Scorilo”. Though far from certain, this has also been translated as "Decebalus son of Scorilo". If so, this might mean that Decebalus was the son of Scorilo, with Duras possibly being either an older son or a brother of Scorilo. A Dacian king ( 2866: 1697: 4040:

emerged, especially after Romania joined the war in 1916. Many of the previously loyal soldiers decided that it was much better to risk their lives through desertion, rather than shoot their ethnical conationals. According to studies made by the army of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the dedication of the Romanian military to the interest of Austria-Hungary was reduced, only ethnic Italians of the same empire can compete with them for the last place in a ranking according to devotion to the state per 100 soldiers, out of about 300,000 Austro-Hungarian deserters, 150.000 were ethnic Romanians.

2493:, Heather (2010) considers that Hasding Vandals, around 171 AD, attempted to take control of lands which previously belonged to the free Dacian group called the Costoboci. Hrushevskyi mentions that the earlier widespread view that these Carpathian tribes were Slavic has no basis. This would be contradicted by the Coestobocan names themselves that are known from the inscriptions, written by a Coestobocan and therefore presumably accurately. These names sound quite unlike anything Slavic. Scholars such as Tomaschek, Schütte and Russu consider these Costobocian names to be Thraco-Dacian. 4345: 4597: 5240: 3671: 4994: 1621: 1179: 4437: 1790: 6623:. Retrieved 2007-11-08. "In the year 88, the Romans resumed the offensive. The Roman troops were now led by the general Tettius Iulianus. The battle took place again at Tapae but this time the Romans defeated the Dacians. For fear of falling into a trap, Iulianus abandoned his plans of conquering Sarmizegetuza and, at the same time, Decebalus asked for peace. At first, Domitian refused this request, but after he was defeated in a war in Pannonia against the Marcomanni (a Germanic tribe), the emperor was obliged to accept the peace." 1509: 3210: 1575: 44: 722: 5255: 1308: 1284: 6537:

that what followed was no longer a battle but a great slaughter of fleeing men of both arms. Next he cut off Dapyx, who had taken refuge in a fort, and besieged him. In the course of the siege someone hailed him from the walls in Greek, obtained a conference with him, and arranged to betray the place. The barbarians, thus captured, turned upon one another, and Dapyx was killed along with many others. His brother, however, Crassus took alive, and not only did him no harm but actually released him."

1995: 3530: 4541: 1013: 2428: 2530: 4211: 3787: 3270: 5557: 4414:, who expressed his wish to see a Romanian government headed by the pro-Nazi Iron Guard. Instead, on 10 February 1938 King Carol II used the occasion of a public insult by Goga toward Lupescu as a reason to dismiss the government and institute a short-lived royal dictatorship, sanctioned seventeen days later by a new constitution under which the king named personally not only the prime minister but all the ministers. The new regime featured 4098: 3986: 511: 5436: 5187: 4488: 3894: 1336: 3404: 3910:

resources of a country which had scarcely one twentieth of the population of the two great states. Judging by the military situation, it was to be expected that Rumania had only to advance where she wished to decide the world war in favor of those Powers which had been hurling themselves at us in vain for years. Thus everything seemed to depend on whether Rumania was ready to make any sort of use of her momentary advantage.

3412: 2823: 1372: 2476:, given by Ptolemy in their country. The origin and ethnic affiliations of the Carpi have been debated over the years; in modern times they are closely associated with the Carpathian Mountains, and a good case has been made for attributing to the Carpi a distinct material culture, "a developed form of the Geto-Dacian La Tene culture", often known as the Poienesti culture, which is characteristic of this area. 15233: 4320:, that he had no interest in a reconciliation with her, and Carol soon arranged for Magda Lupescu's return to his side. Her unpopularity was to be a millstone around Carol's neck for the rest of his reign. Maniu and his National Peasant Party shared the same general political aims of the Iron Guard: both fought against the corruption and dictatorial policies of King Carol II and the National Liberal Party. 1364: 5537:(FSN) that proclaimed the establishment of democracy and civil liberties on 22 December 1989. The Communist Party was initially outlawed by Ion Iliescu, but he soon revoked that decision; as a consequence, Communism is not outlawed in Romania today. However, Ceaușescu's most controversial measures, such as bans on abortion and contraception, were among the first laws to be changed after the Revolution. 3556:. The goals of the revolutionaries were full independence for Moldavia and Wallachia, and national emancipation in Transylvania; these were not fulfilled but were the basis of the subsequent revolutions. The revolution in 1848 already carried the seeds of the national dream of a unified and united Romania, though the "idea of unification" had been known from earlier works of Naum Ramniceanu (1802) and 1551:, raised an army and went to war with the Dacians following the Dacian (Getae) raids into Roman territory. Diurpaneus and his people defeated and decapitated Oppius Sabinus. When news of the defeat reached Rome, the citizens became fearful that the conquering enemy would invade and spread destruction further into the Empire. Because of this fear, Domitian was obliged to move with his entire army into 4983: 4788: 2607: 822: 11013: 10830: 1219: 1890: 4071:. Out of a total of 60.000 prisoners of war of Romanian origin, 37.000 Romanians requested to join the Romanian Legion in Italy. The ranks of the Austro-Hungarian soldiers enlisted in the Romanian Legion were equivalated to those corresponding of the Italian Royal Army. The sedentary part of the Romanian Legion, under the command of Colonel Camillo Ferraioli, was established at 5054: 2424:

were Dacians from the eastern foothills of the Carpathian range – modern Moldavia and Wallachia – who had not been brought under direct Roman rule at the time of Trajan's conquest of Transylvania Dacia. After they generated a new degree of political unity among themselves in the course of the third century, these Dacian groups came to be known collectively as the Carpi.

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of arrests increased. All strata of society were involved, but particularly targeted were the prewar elites, such as intellectuals, and anybody who could potentially form the nucleus of anti-Communist resistance. According to figures, in the years between 1945 and 1964, 73,334 people were arrested. Between 60,000 and 80,000 political prisoners were detained.

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Romania's loyalty by returning Bessarabia and northern Bukovina and by allowing Romania to administer Soviet lands immediately between the Dniester and the Bug, including Odessa and Nikolaev. Romanian jingoes in Odessa even distributed a geography showing that the Dacians had inhabited most of southern Russia. After recovering Bessarabia and Bukovina (

1711:. It is estimated that the population of Roman Dacia ranging from 650,000 to 1,200,000. The area was the focus of a massive Roman colonization. New mines were opened and ore extraction intensified, while agriculture, stock breeding, and commerce flourished. Roman Dacia was of great importance to the military stationed throughout the 4784:. Within four days, Antonescu had successfully suppressed the coup. The Iron Guard was forced out of the government. Sima and many other legionnaires took refuge in Germany; others were imprisoned. Antonescu abolished the National Legionary State, in its stead declaring Romania a "National and Social State." 6641:

Gudmund Schütte in Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe, H. Hagerup, 1917 page 82 "historical king Pieporus. The same author Schütte in “Our forefathers” published by University Press, 1929 page 74 "The North Dacian tribes of the Koistobokoi and Karpoi unlike the rest of Dacia escaped the Roman conquest

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policies. Ceaușescu's independent foreign policy meant leaders of Western nations leaders were slow to criticize Romania's government which, by the late 1970s, had become arbitrary, capricious and harsh. The Romanian economy grew quickly through foreign credit but this was replaced with austerity and

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railroad workshops. In the mid-1930s, the Romanian economy recovered and the industry grew significantly, although about 80% of Romanians were still employed in agriculture. French economic and political influence was predominant in the early 1920s but then Germany became more dominant, especially in

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Dacian religion was considered by the classic sources as a key source of authority, suggesting to some that Dacia was a predominantly theocratic state led by priest-kings. However, the layout of the Dacian capital Sarmizegethusa indicates the possibility of co-rulership, with a separate high king and

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in Roman Dacia, where indigenous peoples were organised into native townships, as evidence for the Roman depopulation of Dacia. Prior to its incorporation into the empire, Dacia was a kingdom ruled by one king, and did not possess a regional tribal structure that could easily be turned into the Roman

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Cassius Dio. Roman History, Book LI. "While he was thus engaged, Roles, who had become embroiled with Dapyx, himself also king of a tribe of the Getae, sent for him. Crassus went to his aid, and by hurling the horse of his opponents back upon their infantry he so thoroughly terrified the latter also

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was second only to that of Nazi Germany itself. The Romanian Army had a total of 686,258 men under arms in the summer of 1941 and a total of 1,224,691 men in the summer of 1944. The number of Romanian troops sent to fight in the Soviet Union exceeded that of all of Germany's other allies combined. A

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in 1913), was ceded to Bulgaria under pressure from Germany. Despite the relatively recent acquisition of these territories, they were inhabited by a majority of Romanian speaking people (except Southern Dobruja), so the Romanians had seen them as historically belonging to Romania, and the fact that

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It is estimated that in the period 1914–1918 between 400,000 and 600,000 soldiers of Romanian origin fought on different fronts of Austria-Hungary, which represented a significant percentage of the Romanian ethnics who lived in those times in the Empire. In total, up to 150,000 Romanians were killed

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After fighting with the Rumanians in 1916, I thought the Rumanian army had disappeared, that it did not exist in 1917 when I had to make a new effort to conquer the rest of Rumania. But when the battles started in Mărășești, Mărăști, Oituz, I was told that in front of me was the Rumanian army that I

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Alexander Ioan Cuza carried out reforms including abolishing serfdom and started to unite the institutions one by one in spite of the convention from Paris. With help from unionists, he unified the government and parliament, effectively merging Wallachia and Moldavia into one country and in 1862 the

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The Carpi were a sizeable group of tribes, who lived beyond the north-eastern boundary of Roman Dacia. The majority view among modern scholars is that the Carpi were a North Thracian tribe and a subgroup of the Dacians. However, some historians classify them as Slavs. According to Heather, the Carpi

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and claimed the subjugated territory as the new province of Gothia. In 334, after Sarmatian commoners had overthrown their leaders, Constantine led a campaign against the tribe. He won a victory in the war and extended his control over the region, as remains of camps and fortifications in the region

1324:

Although the Getae and Daci once attained to very great power, so that they actually could send forth an expedition of two hundred thousand men, they now find themselves reduced to as few as forty thousand, and they have come close to the point of yielding obedience to the Romans, though as yet they

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Presidential and parliamentary elections took place again on 28 November 2004. No political party secured a viable parliamentary majority and opposition parties alleged the PSD had committed large-scale electoral fraud. There was no winner in the first round of the presidential elections. The joint

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who were agitating the crowds. Some of the counter-protesters attacked the headquarters and private residences of opposition leaders. Later parliamentary inquiries showed members of the government intelligence services were involved in the instigation and manipulation of both the protesters and the

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In 1946 and 1947, several high-ranking members in the pro-Axis government were executed as war criminals, primarily for their involvement in the Holocaust and for attacking the Soviet Union. Antonescu himself was executed 1 June 1946. Once the Communist government became more entrenched, the number

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As the country declared war on Germany on the night of 23 August 1944, border clashes between Hungarian and Romanian troops erupted almost immediately. On 24 August, German troops attempted to seize Bucharest and suppress Michael's coup, but were repelled by the city's defenses, which received some

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On 22 June 1941, German armies with Romanian support attacked the Soviet Union. German and Romanian units conquered Bessarabia, Odessa, and Sevastopol, then marched eastward across the Russian steppes toward Stalingrad. Romania welcomed the war because they were allies with Germany. Hitler rewarded

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It is certain that so relatively small a state as Rumania had never before been given a role so important, and, indeed, so decisive for the history of the world at so favorable a moment. Never before had two great Powers like Germany and Austria found themselves so much at the mercy of the military

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became Ottoman provinces. Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania came under Ottoman suzerainty but remained fully autonomous and until the 18th century, had some internal independence. However, some Romanian Cities (Tulcea, Constanta, Giurgiu, Turnu, Braila, Timișoara, Arad, Pecica, Tighina, Catetea

1633:. The result of his first campaign (101–102) was the siege of the Dacian capital Sarmizegethusa and the occupation of part of the country. Emperor Trajan recommenced hostilities against Dacia and, following an uncertain number of battles, and with Trajan's troops pressing towards the Dacian capital 1850:

In an attempt to fill the cities, cultivate the fields, and mine the ore, a large-scale attempt at colonization took place with colonists coming in "from all over the Roman world". The colonists were a heterogeneous mix: of the some 3,000 names preserved in inscriptions found by the 1990s, 74% (c.

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solved this problem by paying protection money to the Dacians in the form of annual subsidies. This policy appears to have coincided with the reign of King Scorilo. Scorilo's brother was apparently held captive for a period in Rome, but was released in exchange for a promise that the Dacians would

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In power, the Iron Guard stiffened the already harsh antisemitic legislation, enacted legislation directed against minority businessmen and wreaked vengeance upon its enemies. On 8 October German troops began crossing into Romania. On 23 November Romania joined the Axis powers. On 27 November, 64

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In Austria-Hungary, ethnic Romanians entered the war from the very beginning, with hundreds of thousands of Transylvanian and Bukovinian Romanians being mobilized throughout the war. Although most Transylvanian Romanians were loyal to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, over time, reactionary sentiments

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The ancient sources about the Carpi, before 104 AD, located them on a territory situated between the western side of Eastern European Galicia and the mouth of the Danube. The name of the tribe is homonymous with the Carpathian mountains. Carpi and Carpathian are Dacian words derived from the root

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Although the Romans conquered and destroyed the ancient Kingdom of Dacia, much of the land remained outside of Roman Imperial authority. The conquest changed the balance of power in the region and was the catalyst for a renewed alliance of Germanic and Celtic tribes and kingdoms against the Roman

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were ethnically Dacian. Others considered them a Slavic or Sarmatian tribe. There was also a Celtic influence, so that some consider them a mixed Celtic and Thracian group that appear, after Trajan's conquest, as a Dacian group within the Celtic superstratum. The Costoboci inhabited the southern

1881:

The first settlement at Sarmizegetusa was made up of Roman citizens who had retired from their legions. Based upon the location of names scattered throughout the province, it has been argued that a large percentage of colonists originated from Noricum and western Pannonia. Specialist miners (the

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The Dacians are often mentioned under Augustus, according to whom they were compelled to recognize Roman supremacy. However they were by no means subdued, and in later times to maintain their independence they seized every opportunity to cross the frozen Danube during the winter and ravaging the

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In December 1991, a new constitution was drafted and subsequently adopted, after a popular referendum, which, however, attracted criticism from international observers. The constitution was most recently revised by a national referendum on 18–19 October 2003, and took effect on 29 October 2003.

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since 1883. When the war began in 1914, King Carol I summoned an emergency midnight council where he revealed the secret treaty of alliance. While the king favored Germany, the nation's political elite favored the Entente. As such, the crown council took the decision to remain neutral. When the

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policies that often resembled those of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. In parallel with these internal developments, economic pressures and a weak Franco-British response to Hitler's aggressive foreign policy caused Romania to start drifting away from the Western Allies and closer to the Axis.

2518:) believed in the immortality of the soul, and regarded death as merely a change of country. Their chief priest held a prominent position as the representative of the supreme deity, Zalmoxis, who is called also Gebeleizis by some among them. Strabo wrote about the high priest of King Burebista 1359:

and the Dacians, and plotted an expedition against Dacia around 35 BC. Despite several small conflicts, no serious campaigns were mounted. King Cotiso chose to ally himself with Mark Antony. According to Alban Dewes Winspear and Lenore Kramp Geweke he "proposed that the war should be fought in

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The Armistice Agreement of 12 September stipulated in Article 18 that "An Allied Control Commission will be established which will undertake until the conclusion of peace the regulation of and control over the execution of the present terms under the general direction and orders of the Allied

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While it is certain that colonists in large numbers were imported from all over the empire to settle in Roman Dacia, this appears to be true for the newly created Roman towns only. The lack of epigraphic evidence for native Dacian names in the towns suggests an urban–rural split between Roman

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In the summer of 1917, one of the largest concentrations of forces in World War I was present in Romania: 9 armies, 80 infantry divisions and 19 cavalry divisions, totaling 974 battalions, 550 squadrons and 923 artillery batteries. 800,000 combatants and 1,000,000 reservists were present.

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high priest. Ancient sources recorded the names of several Dacian high priests (Deceneus, Comosicus and Vezina) and various orders of priests: "god-worshipers", "smoke-walkers" and "founders". Both Hellenistic and Oriental influences are discernible in the religious background, alongside

5038:(Soviet) High Command, acting on behalf of the Allied Powers". The Annex to Article 18 made clear that "The Romanian Government and their organs shall fulfil all instructions of the Allied Control Commission arising out of the Armistice Agreement." The Agreement also stipulated that the 3918:

against Austria-Hungary, with limited Russian support. The Romanian offensive was initially successful and Romania managed to occupy 1/3rd of Transylvania, but when the German army arrived in Transylvania the Romanians began to be pushed back. While on the southern front, a combined

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Negotiations amounted to an agreement on a minimal formal union, to be known as the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia but with separate institutions and thrones and with each principality electing its own prince. However, the Moldavian and Wallachian elections for the

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In a radio broadcast to the Romanian nation and army on the night of 23 August King Michael issued a cease-fire, proclaimed Romania's loyalty to the Allies, announced the acceptance of an armistice (to be signed on September 12) offered by Great Britain, the United States, and the

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by immigrant Thracian residents, and, though Thracian and Athenian processions remained separate, both cult and festival became so popular that in Plato's time (c. 429–13 BC) its festivities were naturalised as an official ceremony of the Athenian city-state, called the Bendideia.

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Romania was created as a personal union that did not include Transylvania, where the upper class and the aristocracy remained mainly Hungarian, although Romanian nationalism clashed with Hungarian nationalism at the end of the 19th century. Austria-Hungary, especially under the

5733:(CDR) won the second round of the 1996 presidential election and replaced Iliescu as head of state. The PDSR won the largest number of seats in the Parliament, but was unable to form a viable coalition. Constituent parties of the CDR joined the Democratic Party (PD) and the 4270:

against the emergent Soviet Union, and in 1934 the Balkan Entente was formed with Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey, which were suspicious of Bulgaria. Until 1938, Romania's governments maintained the form, if not always the substance, of a liberal constitutional monarchy. The

2893:, or Transdanubian Bulgaria. Original information for the centuries-old Bulgarian rule there is scarce as the archives of the Bulgarian rulers were destroyed and little is mentioned for this area in Byzantine or Hungarian manuscripts. During the First Bulgarian Empire, the 2501:

Body-painting was customary among the Dacians. It is probable that the tattooing originally had a religious significance. They practiced symbolic-ritual tattooing or body painting for both men and women, with hereditary symbols transmitted up to the fourth generation.

1248:, ruled Geto-Dacian tribes between 82 BC and 44 BC. He reorganised the army and attempted to raise the moral standard and obedience of the people by persuading them to give up wine. During his reign, the limits of the Dacian Kingdom were extended to their maximum. The 3174:. Stephen ruled for 47 years, an unusually long period for that time. He was a successful military leader and statesman, losing only two out of fifty battles; he built a shrine to commemorate each victory, founding 48 churches and monasteries, many of which have a 4580:

Romania officially remained neutral and, under pressure from the Soviet Union and Germany, interned the fleeing Polish government after its members had crossed the Polish–Romanian border on 17 September, forcing them to relegate their authority to what became the

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The Roman History: The Reign of Augustus by Cassius Dio, Ian Scott-Kilvert, and John Carter, 1987, page 85: "... Then he completed their destruction with the help of Roles, the king of a tribe of the Getae. When Roles visited Octavian, he was treated as a friend

2468:), who attacked the Romans in the late 4th century, is seen as evidence of their Dacian ethnicity. In fact, Carpi/Carpodaces is the term used for Dacians outside of Dacia proper. However, that the Carpi were Dacians is shown not so much by the form Καρποδάκαι in 2557:), also gives an account of Deceneus the highest priest, and considered Dacians a nation related to the Goths. Besides Zalmoxis, the Dacians believed in other deities, such as Gebeleizis, the god of storm and lightning, possibly related to the Thracian god 2760:. Between 804 and 806, the Bulgarian armies annihilated the Avars and destroyed their state. Krum took the eastern parts of the former Avar Khaganate and took over rule of the local Slavic tribes. Bulgaria's territory extended twice from the middle 9056: 1304:. The Dacians appeared so formidable that Caesar contemplated an expedition against them, which his death in 44 BC prevented. In the same year, Burebista was murdered, and the kingdom was divided into four (later five) parts under separate rulers. 1768:

multi-ethnic urban centres and the native Dacian rural population. On at least two occasions the Dacians rebelled against Roman authority: first in 117 AD, which caused the return of Trajan from the east, and in 158 AD when they were put down by

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Battle of Sarmizegetusa (Sarmizegetuza), AD 105. During Trajan's reign Rome achieved victory over the Dacians. The first important confrontation between the Romans and the Dacians took place in the year AD 87 and was initiated by Domitian. The

9041: 4063:, these units were ultimately repatriated to Greater Romania in 1920. While the Austro-Hungarian Romanian prisoners of war in Italy would form the Romanian Volunteer Legion from Italy, which joined the fighting during the last battles on the 1628:

To increase the glory of his reign, restore the finances of Rome, and end a treaty perceived as humiliating, Trajan resolved on the conquest of Dacia, the capture of the famous Treasure of Decebalus, and control over the Dacian gold mines of

1147:. During that period, the Geto-Dacians conquered a wider territory and Dacia extended from the Middle Danube to the Black Sea littoral (between Apollonia and Olbia) and from present-day Slovakia's mountains to the Balkan mountains. In 53 BC, 2131:

could possibly qualify to the first testimony of Romanians in Pannonia and Eastern Europe during the time of Attila, implying that the formation of Proto-Romanian (or Common Romanian) from Vulgar Latin started in the 5th century. The words

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wrote about king Oroles punishing his soldiers into sleeping at their wives' feet and doing the household chores, because of their initial failure in defeating the invaders. Subsequently, the now "highly motivated" Dacian army defeated the

1963:) were still strong enough to sustain five battles in eight years against the Romans from AD 301–308. Roman Dacia was left in AD 275 by the Romans, to the Carpi again, and not to the Goths. There were still Dacians in AD 336, against whom 1158:

and again after the latter were defeated by the Dacians under the king Burebista. It seems likely that the Dacian state arose as a tribal confederacy, which was united only by charismatic leadership. Before 168 BC, under the rule of king

2152:, inhabiting the lands along the Danube. He describes them as "more numerous than the Hungarians, but weaker". Historian Adolf Armbruster identified this people as the Romanians. Hungarian historiography identifies this people as the 3999:

was convinced had disappeared. But the Rumanian army has risen from its ashes like the Phoenix bird. The attacks on the bayonet scared everyone, and they were running, the Germans, who didn't usually run, this time they were running.

3615:, which had come to dominate political demands, was accepted with sympathy by the French, Russians, Prussians, and Sardinians, it was rejected by the Austrian Empire, and looked upon with suspicion by Great Britain and the Ottomans. 4302:, was prevented from succeeding him because of previous marital scandals that had resulted in his renunciation of rights to the throne. After living three years in exile, with his brother Nicolae serving as regent and his young son 3623:

in 1859 profited from an ambiguity in the text of the final agreement, which, while specifying two separate thrones, did not prevent the same person from occupying both thrones simultaneously and ultimately ushered in the ruling of

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to cross the Danube. The Dacians were pushed back across the Danube, but Fuscus suffered a crushing defeat when ambushed by "Diurpaneus". At this point, the probably elderly Duras seems to have peacefully ceded power to Decebalus.

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On 4 August 1916, Romania and the Entente signed the Political Treaty and Military Convention, which established the parameters of Romania's participation in the war. The Allies promised to Romania the Austro-Hungarian regions of

11971: 4939:-led civilians. Michael I, who was initially considered to be not much more than a figurehead, was able to successfully depose the Antonescu dictatorship. The King then offered a non-confrontational retreat to German ambassador 272: 5655:

officers guilty of ransacking and stealing $ 100,000 from the house of a leading opposition politician. Petre Roman's government fell in late September 1991, when the miners returned to Bucharest to demand higher salaries. A

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destabilised the country. The early 1930s were marked by social unrest, high unemployment, and strikes. In several instances, the Romanian government violently repressed strikes and riots, notably the 1929 miners' strike in

1867:

from Syria. Regardless of their place of origin, the settlers and colonists were a physical manifestation of Roman civilisation and imperial culture, bringing with them the most effective Romanizing mechanism: the use of

1291:

Burebista suppressed the indigenous minting of coinages by four major tribal groups, adopting imported or copied Roman denarii as a monetary standard. During his reign, Burebista transferred the Geto-Dacian capital from

14150: 2732:

and waged a war against Asparukh, who was killed, although not necessarily by a Khazar. To protect their northern borders, the Bulgarians built several enormous ditches that ran the whole length of the border from the

1424:, Augustus claimed that the Dacians had been subdued. This was not entirely true, because Dacian troops frequently crossed the Danube to ravage parts of Pannonia and Moesia. He may have survived until the campaign of 1027:

Due to the fluctuating nature of the Dacian states, especially before the time of Burebista and before the 1st century AD, the Dacians would often be split into different kingdoms. Known rulers of the Dacians include

4959:(one corps) were under orders from the King to defend Romania against any German attacks. King Michael offered to put the Romanian Army, which at that point had a strength of nearly 1,000,000 men, on the side of the 12723: 8036:, p. 59: "…A tombstone inscription from Aquincum reads M. Secundi Genalis domo Cl. Agrip /pina/ negotiat. Dacisco. This is of a second century date and suggests the presence of some Dacian traders in Pannonia…" 5899:, which were the first significant popular uprising in the country since 1991. They were triggered by proposed health reforms, and were further motivated by wider disillusionment with austerity and the government. 3110:

Independent Wallachia had been near the border of the Ottoman Empire since the 14th century until it had gradually succumbed to the Ottomans' influence during the next centuries with brief periods of independence.

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became Romania's new prime minister. He formed a coalition government between former arch rivals, his own center-right National Liberal Party (PNL) and center-left Social Democratic Party (PSD). On 15 June 2023,

5608:, was named prime minister of the new government, which mostly consisted of former communist officials. The government initiated modest free market reforms. Several major political parties of the pre-war era, the 3989:

Lieutenant Emil Rebreanu was awarded the Medal for Bravery in gold, the highest military award given by the Austrian command to an ethnic Romanian; he would later be hanged for desertion while trying to escape to

1544:, which the Romans defended for many years. Many authors refer to him as "Duras-Diurpaneus". Other scholars argue that Duras and Diurpaneus are different individuals, or that Diurpaneus is identical to Decebalus. 13572:

Opreanu, Coriolan Horațiu (2005). "The North-Danube Regions from the Roman Province of Dacia to the Emergence of the Romanian Language (2nd–8th Centuries AD)". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan (eds.).

4367:

steadily became more nationalistic than liberal, but nonetheless lost its dominance over Romanian politics. It was eclipsed by parties like the (relatively moderate) National Peasants' Party and its more radical

4179:

and to the territory Romania covered at the time. At that time, Romania achieved its greatest territorial extent, almost 300,000 km or 120,000 sq mi), including all of the historic Romanian lands.

11140: 8689:

Second, another son, Isperikh (or Asparukh) moved into what is now Bessarabia, and then in the 670s crossed the Danube into Bulgaria. He conquered the Slavic tribes there and eventually established a Bulgarian

1846:

issued for Dacian soldiers discovered after 1990 indicate that veterans preferred to return to their place of origin; per usual Roman practice, these veterans were given Roman citizenship upon their discharge.

1465:, who says he was in power during a period of turmoil in Rome. From this evidence and references to Dacian kings elsewhere, it is suggested that Scorilo probably ruled from the 30s or 40s AD through to 69–70. 1428:

in the Dacian area c.9 BC. Vinicius was the first Roman commander to cross the Danube and invade Dacia itself. Ioana A. Oltean argues that Cotiso probably died at some point during this campaign. According to

8640:

Several migrating peoples lived alongside the local populations, such as the Gothic Empire (Oium) (from 271 until 378), the Hunnish Empire (until 435), the Avar Empire and the Slavs (during the 6th century)

7658:

Costin Croitoru, (Romanian) Sudul Moldovei în cadrul sistemului defensiv roman. Contribuții la cunoașterea valurilor de pământ. Acta terrae septencastrensis, Editura Economica, Sibiu 2002, ISSN 1583-1817,

4388:(NCP). The quasi-mystical fascist Iron Guard was an earlier LANC offshoot that, even more than these other parties, exploited nationalist feelings, fear of communism, and resentment of alleged foreign and 2526:, but also had thoroughly learned certain prognostics through which he would pretend to tell the divine will; and within a short time he was set up as god (as I said when relating the story of Zamolxis)". 9557:" In 1711, after the Peace Treaty of Szatmar, Austrian control was firmly established over all of Hungary and Erdely, and the princes of Transylvania were replaced by Austrian governors. " (Google Search) 6321: 4564:

strategy. A neutral Romania would be used to resupply the Polish troops and could be used as an escape corridor in case of defeat. Following the fall of Poland, the Polish government, the treasury of the

2253:

describes the Getae and Dacians as distinct but cognate tribes. This distinction refers to the regions they occupied. Strabo and Pliny the Elder also state that Getae and Dacians spoke the same language.

6597:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 72, "At least two of his successors Comosicus and Scorillo/Corilus/Scoriscus became high priests and eventually Dacian kings"

959:

The Dacians are the most law-abiding and the bravest of the Thracians. They believe they are immortal, forever living in the following sense: they think they do not die and that the one who dies joins

11570: 12234: 6555:

Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society by Robin Osborne, 2004, page 128: "... of its citizens, named Akornion, went on an embassy to Burebista, the first and greatest of the kings in Thrace..."

3377:. After his death the union dissolved and as vassal tributary states, Moldavia and Wallachia still had internal autonomy and some external independence, which was finally lost in the 18th century. 5101:, which lasted until 8 October and resulted in heavy casualties for both sides. Also around this time, the Hungarian Army carried out its last independent offensive action of the war, penetrating 4460:, which stipulated, among other things, the Soviet "interest" in Bessarabia. After the 1940 territorial losses and growing increasingly unpopular, Carol was compelled to abdicate and name general 7697:

Dvoichenko-Markov, Demetrius. "THE RUSSIAN PRIMARY CHRONICLE AND THE VLACHS OF EASTERN EUROPE". Byzantion, vol. 49, 1979, pp. 175–187. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44172681. Accessed 3 April 2020.

5148:. The Romanian Army incurred heavy casualties fighting Nazi Germany. Of some 538,000 Romanian soldiers who fought against the Axis in 1944–45, some 167,000 were killed, wounded or went missing. 4919:. Prior to the Soviet counteroffensive at Stalingrad, the Antonescu government considered a war with Hungary over Transylvania an inevitability after the expected victory over the Soviet Union. 3471:, a major part of Wallachia, was annexed to the Habsburg monarchy and was only returned in 1739. In 1775, the Habsburgs later occupied the north-western part of Moldavia, which was later called 1571:

ruled the Dacians between AD 87 and 106. The frontiers of Decebal's Dacia were marked by the Tisa River to the west, by the trans-Carpathians to the north and by the Dniester River to the east.

4356:

dictatorship. The constitution of 1923 gave the king free rein to dissolve parliament and call elections at will; as a result, Romania was to experience over 25 governments in a single decade.

11340: 6428:, page 17 "..Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC ...." 6296:"Antiquity Vol 79 No 306 December 2005 The earliest salt production in the world: an early Neolithic exploitation in Poiana Slatinei-Lunca, Romania Olivier Weller & Gheorghe Dumitroaia" 3119:

of Wallachia in 1448, 1456–62, and 1476. Vlad III is remembered for his raids against the Ottoman Empire and his initial success of keeping his small country free for a short time. In the

1593:

were engaged in two wars with the Romans. In AD 85, the Dacians had swarmed over the Danube and pillaged Moesia. In AD 87, the Roman troops sent by the Emperor Domitian against them under

1387:, Mark Antony is responsible for the statement that Augustus sought to secure the goodwill of Cotiso by giving him his daughter, and he himself marrying a daughter of Cotiso. According to 6454:, page 17 "Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC ...." 9493: 4426:(aka "The Captain") arrested and imprisoned. On the night of 29–30 November 1938, Codreanu and several other legionnaires were killed while purportedly attempting to escape from prison. 4015:

who had recently declared independence from the Russian Empire following the October Revolution and voted for union with Romania in April 1918. The parliament signed the treaty, however

3834:. The Romanian government agreed to enter the war on the side of the Entente, although the situation on the battle fronts was not favorable. For Romania, the highest priority was taking 14161: 6632:

Wilhelm Tomachek in “Les restes de la langue dace” published in “Le Muséon By Société des lettres et des sciences, Louvain, Belgium, page 407 "Pieporus, prince des daces Costoboces..."

4858:

by the U.S. Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress attributes this to a "morbid competition with Hungary to curry Hitler's favor... ... regaining northern Transylvania."

2144:

evidence the development of a Romance language in the late 6th century. The words were shouted "in native parlance" by a local soldier in 587 or 588. The 11th-century Persian writer,

1674:, a single-edged scythe-like weapon. The falx was able to inflict horrible wounds on opponents, easily disabling or killing the heavily armored Roman legionaries. Trajan erected the 9201:

History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 – III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526) – 3. From the Mongol Invasion to the Battle of Mohács

2022:. The weather and lack of food cost the Goths dearly: reportedly, nearly one hundred thousand died before they submitted. In celebration of this victory Constantine took the title 1640:

Decebalus rebuilt his power over the following years and attacked Roman garrisons again in AD 105. In response Trajan again marched into Dacia, attacking the Dacian capital in the

8075: 3373:

from 1593 to 1601, of Transylvania from 1599 to 1600, and of Moldavia in 1600. For a short time during his reign, Transylvania was ruled together with Moldavia and Wallachia in a

12751:

Dobiáš, Josef (1964). "The sense of the victoria formulae on Roman inscriptions and some new epigraphic monuments from lower Pannonia". In Češka, Josef; Hejzlar, Gabriel (eds.).

2027:

indicate. Constantine resettled some Sarmatian exiles as farmers in Illyrian and Roman districts, and conscripted the rest into the army. The new frontier in Dacia was along the

11507: 8722:

The Bulgars following Kubrat's third son, Asparukh, migrated to the west, across the Dnieper and Dniester rivers. They settled in an area close to the Danube Delta named Onglos.

4133:, as well as a catalyst for various Romanian forces to achieve a single Romanian state. World War I played a crucial part in the development of Romanian national consciousness. 3238: 3819:

on Romania and Italy linked to the secret treaty of alliance since 1883, both Italy and Romania refused to honor the treaty on the grounds that the attacks on Austria were not

9121:

Tamás Kis, Magyar nyelvjárások, Volumes 18–21, Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Kossuth Lajos Tudományegyetem (University of Kossuth Lajos). Magyar Nyelvtudományi Tanszék, 1972, p. 83

3958:

offensives and take back some territory in a counter-offensive. Romania lost over 27,000 men while Germany and Austria-Hungary lost over 60,000. Notably, the Romanian heroine

4222:, most regions with clear Romanian majorities were merged into a single state. It also led to the inclusion of sizable minorities. National minorities were recognized by the 1901:

Empire. However, the material advantages of the Roman Imperial system was attractive to the surviving aristocracy. Afterwards, many of the Dacians became Romanised (see also

836: 5512:

summoned in Bucharest in support of Ceaușescu on 21 December 1989 turned hostile. The Ceaușescu couple fled Bucharest by helicopter but ended up in the custody of the army.

12743: 4433:

as prime minister; on 21 September 1939, three weeks after the start of World War II, Călinescu, in turn, was also assassinated by legionnaires avenging Codreanu's murder.

4395:

Already, the Iron Guard had embraced the politics of assassinations, and various governments had reacted more or less in kind. On December 10, 1933, Liberal prime minister

4007:, Romania would lose all of Dobruja to Bulgaria, all the Carpathian passes to Austria-Hungary and would lease all of its oil reserves to Germany for 99 years. However, the 5867: 5024: 3862:, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria-Hungary. 3513:, a method used to reduce political instability and Ottoman interventions. Following the war, Romanian lands came under Russian occupation under the governance of General 3486:

During the Austro-Hungarian rule of Transylvania, Romanians formed the majority of the population. Nationality issues occurred between Hungarians and Romanians due to the

1540:. Duras may be identical to the "Diurpaneus" (or "Dorpaneus") identified in Roman sources as the Dacian leader who, in the winter of 85, ravaged the southern banks of the 5398:

that impoverished Romanians and exhausted the nation's economy. The project was completed in 1989, shortly before his overthrow. He greatly extended the authority of the

4047:

who would eventually be repatriated to Romania in 1917 and take part in the battles of Mărăști, Mărășești and Oituz and the Romanian Legion in Siberia who resisted the

1617:, leaving the Dacians effectively independent. Decebalus was given the status of "king client to Rome", receiving military instructors, craftsmen and money from Rome. 3978:

out of the war leaving Romania alone on the Eastern Front, completely surrounded by the Central Powers. This forced Romania to drop out of the war, and it signed the

9776: 6865:

Monumentum ancyranum: the deeds of Augustus, Volume 5, Issue 2, Augustus (Emperor of Rome) The Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania, 1898, page 73

2241:, the people became known as 'the Dacians'. Getae and Dacians were interchangeable terms, or used with some confusion by the Greeks. Latin poets often used the name 5070:

oilfields, forcing them to retreat to Hungary. The Romanian Army captured over 50,000 German prisoners around this time, who were later surrendered to the Soviets.

11596: 5877:

Following the free travel agreement and politic of the post–Cold War period, as well as hardship of the life in the post 1990s economic depression, Romania has an

4747:. As part of the deal, the Iron Guard became the sole legal party in Romania. Antonescu became the Iron Guard's honorary leader, while Sima became deputy premier. 4600:

Romania after the territorial losses of 1940. The recovery of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the catalyst for Romania's entry into the war on Germany's side.

3509:, which was signed in 1829. The political autonomy of the Romanian principalities grew as their rulers were elected for life by a Community Assembly consisting of 997: 12984: 9525: 4900:, the Romanian state had not yet formally incorporated Transnistria into its administrative framework by the time it was retaken by Soviet troops in early 1944. 4287:. Between 1930 and 1940 there were over 25 separate governments; on several occasions in the last few years before World War II, the rivalry between the fascist 4019:

refused to sign it, hoping for an Allied victory on the western front. In October 1918, Romania renounced the treaty and on 10 November 1918, one day before the

10234:

Laurentiu-Cristian Dumitru, Preliminaries of Romania's entering the World War I, No. 1/2012, Bulletin of "Carol I" National Defence University, Bucharest, p.171

5647: 2281:". The name Daoi (one of the ancient Geto-Dacian tribes) was certainly adopted by foreign observers to designate all the inhabitants of the countries north of 1411:, the story about the proposed marriages is hardly credible and may have been invented by Mark Antony as propaganda to offset his own alliance with Cleopatra. 14494: 15842: 14477:

Zavatti, Francesco. "Writing History in a Propaganda Institute: Political Power and Network Dynamics in Communist Romania" (Diss. Södertörns högskola, 2016)

11576: 4869: 4634: 329: 11622: 11162: 1020:

The Dacians spoke a dialect of the Thracian language but were influenced culturally by the neighbouring Scythians in the east and by the Celtic invaders of

6123:

Extensive discussion of whether the date is 429 or 413 BC was reviewed and newly analyzed in Christopher Planeaux, "The Date of Bendis' Entry into Attica"

4811:

1941 stamp depicting a Romanian and a German soldier in reference to the two countries' common participation in Operation Barbarossa. The text below reads

996:, which, though narrow at first, stretching as it does along the Ister Danube on its southern side and on the opposite side along the mountain-side of the 12238: 5062:

support from the United States Air Force. Other Wehrmacht units in the country suffered severe losses: remnants of the Sixth Army retreating west of the

2393:

By the end of the first century AD, all the inhabitants of the lands which now form Romania were known to the Romans as Daci, with the exception of some

1351:

found himself courted by the two Roman antagonists, Octavian and Mark Antony. Cotiso was in a strong position to dictate terms of any alliance. Octavian/

5941:, a member of the National Liberal Party (PNL), became the new Prime Minister, forming a three party, center-right coalition consisting of the PNL, the 5285:

and remained under military and economic control of the Soviet Union until the late 1950s. During this period, Romania's resources were drained by the "

4979:

change of orientation until 12 September (the date the armistice was signed in Moscow) to the complexities of the negotiations between the USSR and UK.

1597:, were defeated and Cornelius Fuscus was killed by the Dacians by authority of their ruler, Diurpaneus. After this victory, Diurpaneus took the name of 12381: 11135: 5871: 3859: 14145:

Dinu, Elena Steluța. "Balancing Romania-Russia relations: a grounding of the Balkan crisis through proper application of political conditionalities."

7552: 6187: 5642:

Various worker groups from Romania's industrial platforms responded, some of them engaged in altercations with the protesters. The coal miners of the

11349: 767: 12329: 11137:"The Dictatorship Has Ended and along with It All Oppression" – From The Proclamation to The Nation of King Michael I on The Night of August 23 1944 6139:

Fifth-century fragmentary inscriptions that record formal descrees regarding formal aspects of the Bendis cult, are reproduced in Planeaux 2000:170f

5533:, a former Communist Party official marginalized by Ceaușescu, attained national recognition as the leader of an impromptu governing coalition, the 5066:

were cut off and destroyed by the Red Army, which was now advancing at an even greater speed, while Romanian units attacked German garrisons at the

12071: 6651:

Wilhelm Tomachek (1883): “Les restes de la langue dace” published in “Le Muséon By Société des lettres et des sciences, Louvain, Belgium, page 409

5617: 5609: 10955:

The legionary movement after Corneliu Codreanu : from the dictatorship of King Carol II to the communist regime (February 1938 – August 1944)

3572:

rejected the Romanians' desire to officially unite in a single state, forcing the Romanians to proceed alone in their struggle against the Turks.

14625: 11727: 5688:(PD), led by Petre Roman. Iliescu won the presidential elections in September 1992 and his FDSN won the general elections held at the same time. 4777: 557: 9937: 6772: 6437:

The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra VII by Stanley M. Burstein, 1985, Index Rhemaxos Getic or Scythian ruler

2089:

with Taifals and Tervingians. Taifals, once independent from Gothia, became federati of the Romans, from whom they obtained the right to settle

14095: 12163: 10908: 9922: 8916: 8887: 8616: 8584: 6853:

Translations and reprints from the original sources of history, Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1898, University of Pennsylvania. Dept. of History

4152:. On 1 December, the Deputies of the Romanians from Transylvania voted to unite Transylvania, Banat, Crișana and Maramureș with Romania by the 14167: 12129: 11416:

Cicerone Ionițoiu, Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar. Editura Mașina de scris, București, 2000.

8072:, p. 313: "…Aurelian calls these soldiers Hiberi, Riparienses, Castriani, and Dacisci " conform to "Vopiscus in Historia Augusta XXVI 38" 5720: 5646:, thousands of whom arrived in Bucharest on 14 June, were the most visible and politically influential. According to the miners, most of the 4617: 14442:

Trencsényi, Balázs and Constantin Iordachi. "In Search for a Usable Past: The Question of National Identity in Romanian Studies, 1990–2000"

13797:

Sălăgean, Tudor (2005). "Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9th–14th Centuries AD)". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan (eds.).

9135: 8987: 5961:(PSD) was sworn in as the new Romanian Prime Minister. Rotating premiership had been long agreed as part of a deal by the ruling coalition. 5259: 11249: 5946: 5787: 5734: 5623:

In April 1990, after several major political rallies that January), a sit-in protest questioning the legitimacy of the government began in

4444:

On 13 April 1939, France and the United Kingdom had pledged to guarantee the independence of the Kingdom of Romania. Negotiations with the

4230:

and several of them created political parties, although a unique standing of minorities with autonomy on a wide basis, provided for at the

4114: 3428: 3392: 3309:

Alba and Basserabia) were completely under Ottoman control. During this period, the Romanian lands experienced a slow disappearance of the

3290: 539: 202: 9470: 9405: 4727:

In the immediate wake of the loss of Northern Transylvania, on 4 September the Iron Guard (led by Horia Sima) and General (later Marshal)

1740:

was Roman Dacia's military center. The region was soon settled by the retired veterans who had served in the Dacian Wars, principally the

15269: 11769:

Responding to an emergency appeal by President Ion Iliescu, thousands of miners from northern Romania descended on the capital city today

10058:

Great Britain, British Jews and the international protection of Romanian Jews, 1900–1914: a study of Jewish diplomacy and minority rights

5160: 3851: 3592: 840: 12367: 11488:

Valentino, Benjamin A (2005). Final solutions: mass killing and genocide in the twentieth century. Cornell University Press. pp. 91–151.

10875: 5851:

was assigned the task of building a coalition government without the PSD. In December 2004, the new coalition government (PD, PNL, PUR —

4724:. He was one of the few prominent far-right leaders to survive the bloody infighting and government suppression of the preceding years. 2386:, until the 1st millennium BC. Scholars have suggested that there were links between the two peoples since ancient times. The historian 16240: 11921: 10620: 9690: 9012: 5799: 5105:

in western Romania. Despite initial success, a number of ad hoc Romanian cadet battalions managed to stop the Hungarian advance at the

4593:

and the retreat of British forces from continental Europe rendered the assurances that both countries had made to Romania meaningless.

4545: 9542: 7715:

P. P. Panaitescu, Introducere la Istoria Culturii Romànesti (Introduction to the History of Rumanian Culture), Bucharest, 1969, p. 130

5723:). The PDSR party governed Romania from 1990 until 1996 through several coalitions and governments with Ion Iliescu as head of state. 5567: 5367:(PLO) allowed to play a key role in the Israel-Egypt and Israel-PLO peace processes by intermediating the visit of Egyptian president 5355:

of 1967 (again, the only Warsaw Pact country to do so), and the establishment of economic (1963) and diplomatic (1967) relations with

5332: 15835: 11665:

This seven-year period can be characterized as a gradualistic, often ambiguous transition away from communist rule towards democracy.

5803: 5604:

introduced partial multi-party democratic and free market measures. A university professor with family roots in the Communist Party,

5327:

to withdraw troops from Romania in April 1958. After the negotiated withdrawal of Soviet troops, Romania under the new leadership of

4306:

as king, Carol changed his mind and with the support of the ruling National Peasants' Party he returned and proclaimed himself king.

1489:. The Dacians appear to have tried to take advantage of the situation to launch an invasion of Moesia in alliance with the Sarmatian 6609:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47, "Kings Coson (who minted his own coins) and Duras"

5711:

The subsequent disintegration of the National Salvation Front (FSN) produced the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR) (later

4604: 4316:, and Lupescu herself had agreed to the arrangement. However, it became clear upon Carol's first re-encounter with his former wife, 3505:

to Wallachia, and agreed to give up their commercial monopoly and recognize freedom of navigation on the Danube as specified in the

3380: 3020:

were brought to southeastern Transylvania as border guards. Romanians are mentioned by the Hungarian documents of a township called

1360:

Macedonia rather than Epirus. Had his proposal been accepted, the subjection of Antonius might have been less easily accomplished."

14541: 12208: 9145:

István Vásáry, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 28

9105:

György Fejér, Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, Volume 7, typis typogr. Regiae Vniversitatis Vngaricae, 1831

13387:

Scythians and Greeks: a survey of ancient history and archaeology on the north coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus

8084:, p. 28: The Persians knew that the Dahae and the other Massagetae were kin of the inhabitants of Scythia west of the Caspian Sea. 3764:

The governments of Britain and the United States repeatedly protested the brutal treatment of Romanian Jews, who were regarded as

1418:

punished the Dacian ruler, who was apparently defeated in battle around 25 BC. In his account of his achievements as emperor, the

15186: 10370: 6564:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index (Decaeneus/Dekaineus/Dicineus) Dacian High priest"

4312:, leader of the National Peasants' Party, engineered Carol's return on the basis of a promise that he would forsake his mistress 12399: 11225: 9895: 9669: 5516: 2728:

to the east. The Khazars were a serious threat; they marched westwards after they crushed the resistance of Kubrat's eldest son

1905:). In AD 183, war broke out in Dacia: few details are available, but it appears two future contenders for the throne of emperor 9448:. A Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541-1699. Vol. 1. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 9262: 6044: 6006: 5336: 5247: 4364: 4272: 3217:

Although the core religious vocabulary of the Romanian language originated from Latin, many terms were adopted from the Slavic

11693: 11655: 10792:

William A. Hoisington Jr, "The Struggle for Economic Influence in Southeastern Europe: The French Failure in Romania, 1940."

5700:(PRM), and the ex-communist Socialist Workers' Party (PSM), a new government was formed in November 1992 under Prime Minister 4943:. But the Germans considered the coup "reversible" and attempted to turn the situation around by military force. The Romanian 2885:(with interruptions) from its establishment in 681 to its fragmentation in 1371–1422. These lands were called by contemporary 1883: 1505:. The Dacians unexpectedly encountered his forces and suffered a major defeat. Scorilo appears to have died around this time. 14660: 14468: 14261: 14068: 14049: 14007: 13988: 13921: 13883: 13855: 13825: 13806: 13756: 13735: 13716: 13697: 13678: 13627: 13606: 13582: 13562: 13507: 13480: 13451: 13432: 13413: 13394: 13309: 13236: 13217: 13192: 13159: 13136: 13115: 13094: 13056: 13032: 13013: 12994: 12970: 12940: 12917: 12889: 12870: 12849: 12830: 12798: 12684: 12665: 12626: 12607: 12588: 12506: 12218: 11788:

The most dramatic example was then President-elect Iliescu's call on 13 June for miners to come to Bucharest to restore order

10962: 10858: 10776: 10494: 10465: 10424: 10200: 10161: 10124: 10108: 10085: 10071: 10041: 9840: 9814: 9742: 9638: 9571: 9503: 9453: 9423: 9372: 8779: 8745: 8682: 8096:, p. 34: "Dasas or Dasyu of the RigVeda are the Dahae of Avesta, Daci of the Romans, Dakaoi (Hindi Dakku) of the Greeks" 7646: 7629: 7597: 6680: 6486: 6357: 6331: 5274:

as the main political force, leading ultimately to the forced abdication of the King and the establishment of a single-party

4548:. Sizeable ethnic minorities put Romania at odds with Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union throughout the interwar period. 4399:"dissolved" the Iron Guard, arresting thousands; consequently, 19 days later he was assassinated by Iron Guard legionnaires. 4231: 3633: 3452: 3175: 676: 11005:. The Library of Congress. Washington, D.C. : The Division : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. pp. 5844:

won the second round on 12 December 2004 with 51% of the vote and became the third post-revolutionary president of Romania.

4915:

was briefly put at Dumitrescu's disposal during a German attempt to relieve the Third Army following the devastating Soviet

4776:

The cohabitation between the Iron Guard and Antonescu was never an easy one. On 20 January 1941, the Iron Guard attempted a

15828: 14893: 14837: 12932:

Monetary circulation in Dacia and the provinces from the Middle and Lower Danube from Trajan to Constantine I: (AD 106–337)

12285: 9362: 7164:, in Romania). Legion V Alaude was crushed and Cornelius Fuscus was killed. The victorious general was originally known as 5705: 5508:, and brought the fall of Ceaușescu and the end of the Communist regime in Romania. After a week of unrest in Timișoara, a 5378:

sharply increased from US$ 3 to US$ 10 billion and the influence of international financial organizations such as the

5340: 5016: 2927:

are also mentioned by historic chronicles on the territory of Romania until the founding of the Romanian principalities of

1485:, troops were withdrawn from the Dacian border. When Nero was overthrown in 69, the empire was plunged into turmoil in the 11116: 9862: 4031:. Total Romanian deaths from 1914 to 1918, military and civilian, within contemporary borders, were estimated at 748,000. 1670:

The weapon most associated with the Dacian forces that fought against Trajan's army during his invasions of Dacia was the

15784: 14825: 14773: 14682: 9146: 6693: 5915: 5907: 5889: 5457: 5204: 5129: 4928: 4854: 4743:

went into exile, and Romania, despite the unfavorable outcome of recent territorial disputes, leaned strongly toward the

4505: 3830:

was much more favorable towards the Entente. In August 1916, Romania received an ultimatum to decide whether to join the

3768:

who had no civil or political rights. Romania engaged in arbitrary expulsions of Jews as vagabonds and tolerated violent

3648:

of 1867, kept the territory firmly in control even in parts of Transylvania where Romanians constituted a vast majority.

9792: 9287: 5816: 5408:, leading to a dramatic decrease in Ceaușescu's popularity and culminating in his overthrow and execution in the bloody 1943:, slowly moved toward the Dacian borders, and within a generation were making assaults on the province. Ultimately, the 15970: 15638: 14852: 13375: 13328: 13075: 11945: 10999:

Bachman, Ronald D.; Keefe, Eugene K. Area handbook for Romania; Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1991).

6903: 5922: 5820:

Romania has seen its largest waves of protests against judicial reform ordinances of the PSD-ALDE coalition during the

5597: 5534: 4673: 4477: 4154: 4044: 1231: 1223: 419: 314: 8765: 15900: 14958: 14933: 13528: 13347: 13283: 13255: 12710: 12569: 11754: 11421: 11402: 11375: 11194: 11039: 10941: 10630: 10396: 9700: 9247: 9208: 8715: 7685: 7677: 6896: 6672: 6451: 6425: 6295: 6024: 5926: 5764: 5712: 5681: 5483: 5395: 5364: 5226: 4903:

Romanian armies advanced far into the Soviet Union during 1941 and 1942 before being involved in the disaster at the

4527: 4381: 4373: 3699: 2966:

from the 8th to the 11th centuries, and by the 10th century they were in control of all of the territory between the

2890: 2786: 2553: 862: 704: 14224: 12581:

A history of ancient geography among the Greeks and Romans: from the earliest ages till the fall of the Roman empire

11209: 9203:. Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences). 6130:.2 (December 2000:165–192). Planeaux offers a reconstruction of the inscription mentioning the first introduction, p 5465: 1800:

As per usual Roman practice, Dacian males were recruited into auxiliary units and dispatched across the empire. The

15769: 15364: 14923: 14742: 14610: 12260: 10693: 9106: 8842:Плиска-Преслав: Прабългарската култура, Том 2, Българска академия на науките Археологически институт и музей, 1981. 8703: 6069: 5934: 5613: 5323:

Gheorghiu-Dej attained greater independence for Romania from the Soviet Union by persuading Soviet First Secretary

4569:

and about 120,000 Polish troops withdrew through the Romania, the majority of those troops joined the newly formed

4407: 4027:

and advanced in Transylvania. The next day, the Treaty of Bucharest was nullified by the terms of the Armistice of

2598: 2583: 2048: 2007: 1407:

to marry Cotiso to create an alliance between the two men. This failed when Cotiso betrayed Augustus. According to

532: 324: 304: 131: 10774:

Rebecca Ann Haynes, "Reluctant allies? Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu against King Carol II of Romania."

8704:"Bulgars In The Lower Danube Region. A Survey Of The Archaeological Evidence And Of The State Of Current Research" 5881:. The main emigration targets have been Italy, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States and Hungary. 2982:

dominated the territories between present-day Kazakhstan, southern Russia, Ukraine, southern Moldavia and western

1325:

are not absolutely submissive, because of the hopes which they base on the Germans, who are enemies to the Romans.

15794: 15397: 15262: 12309: 8965: 8852: 6546:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 146, "Zyraxes who ruled in Dobruja"

5821: 5811: 4911:, one of Romania's most important generals, was commander of the Third Army at Stalingrad. In November 1942, the 4570: 3923:

and captured Giurgiu. The bulk of the Romanian army managed to escape encirclement from Giurgiu and retreated to

3781: 3460: 3148:

evaluates him as a ferocious but just ruler, and the defender of the Wallachian independence and of the European

2809: 1982:, c. AD 296, in order to defend the Roman border, fortifications were erected by the Romans on both banks of the 844: 11726:

Deletant, Dennis (2004). "The Security Services since 1989: Turning over a new leaf". In Carey, Henry F. (ed.).

9440: 5394:

Ceaușescu eventually initiated a project of full reimbursement of the foreign debt; to achieve this, he imposed

3202:(a true Champion of the Christian Faith). After Stephen's death, Moldavia also came under the suzerainty of the 2014:, a province that had been abandoned under Aurelian. In the late winter of 332, Constantine campaigned with the 1300:. For at least one and a half centuries, Sarmizegetusa was the Dacians' capital and reached its peak under King 762:

area in northeastern Romania was the western region of one of the earliest European civilizations, known as the

649: 15581: 15414: 15352: 14918: 14697: 14491: 14205:

Gallagher, Tom. "Balkan But Different: Romania and Bulgaria's Contrasting Paths to NATO Membership 1994–2002."

14030: 13463:

Nandris, John (1976). Friesinger, Herwig; Kerchler, Helga; Pittioni, Richard; Mitscha-Märheim, Herbert (eds.).

6399:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Dromichaetes King of the Getians

6387: 6054: 5760: 5730: 5461: 5208: 5047: 4589:

on 21 September King Carol II tried to maintain neutrality for several months longer, but the surrender of the

4509: 1425: 875: 763: 429: 309: 61: 10245: 5289:" agreements; mixed Soviet-Romanian companies were established to mask the Soviet Union's looting of Romania. 5109:, and soon a combined Romanian-Soviet counterattack overwhelmed the Hungarians, who gave ground and evacuated 16214: 16107: 15920: 15789: 15698: 14978: 14712: 14650: 8060:, p. 43: "...CIL V 3372 inscription at Verona Papirio Marcellino, decepto a Daciscis in bello proelio.." 6790: 6049: 6029: 5693: 5546: 5275: 5176: 5133: 5039: 4020: 3967: 3541: 3432: 3250: 664: 443: 380: 348: 257: 14514:

Gerlinde Schuller: Archiving memories and dreams – Historical family stories about the minorities in Romania

14508: 14221:

War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia

14119: 13690:

Inscriptions de la Dacie romaine: inscriptions externes concernant l'histoire de la Dacie (Ier-IIIe siècles)

12819:

From Zalmoxis to Genghis Khan: comparative studies in the religions and folklore of Dacia and Eastern Europe

12658:

Art in the Lives of Ordinary Romans: Visual Representation and Non-Elite Viewers in Italy, 100 B.C.-A.D. 315

11348:, Czech Republic Military History Institute, Militärgeschichtliches Forscheungamt, p. 1, archived from 9157: 5509: 2673:, the third son of the great Khan, who headed westwards. In the 670's they settled in the area known as the 1936:"having undertaken an expedition against the Carpi, who had then possessed themselves of Dacia and Moesia". 16173: 15945: 14788: 14727: 14583: 14534: 14354: 12814:

De la Zalmoxis la Genghis-Han: studii comparative despre religiile și folclorul Daciei și Europei Orientale

10524:

Volantini di guerra: la lingua romena in Italia nella propaganda del primo conflitto mondiale, Damian, 2012

7560: 6218: 5982: 5848: 5783: 5624: 5577: 5305: 5267: 5034:

into spheres of influence after the war. The Soviet Union was offered a 90% share of influence in Romania.

4267: 4223: 4219: 3657: 3600: 3246: 3143: 2897:

developed in the beginning of the 8th century and flourished until the 11th century. It represents an

2813: 1016:

The comprehensive map detailing the approximate lands inhabited by the Getae according to Strabo's accounts

409: 356: 277: 252: 13876:

The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century

12790:

Zalmoxis, the vanishing God: comparative studies in the religions and folklore of Dacia and Eastern Europe

10033:

The European Jews, Patriotism and the Liberal State 1789–1939: A Study of Literature and Social Psychology

6585:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 48, "The Dacian king Cotiso"

6517:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47, "Dicomes of the Getians"

5767:(PSD) after the merger with the PSDR, back to power. Iliescu won a third term as the country's president. 3994:

In 1939, General August von Mackensen would describe the Central Powers offensive from 1917 as following:

3336: 2116:(second half of the 6th century) dominated the region for 230 years, until their kingdom was destroyed by 2081:

are tribes mentioned inhabiting Dacia in 350, after the Romans left. Archeological evidence suggests that

43: 16235: 15748: 15743: 15359: 15086: 15002: 14908: 14588: 11479:– report of the "Comisia Prezidențială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România", 15 December 2006 11314: 11079: 10223:

Moldova: A Romanian Province under Russian Rule. Diplomatic History from the Archives of the Great Powers

6236: 6059: 6019: 5856: 4473: 4457: 4328: 4317: 4284: 4064: 3827: 3553: 3506: 3116: 2894: 2805: 1813: 1777: 1726: 1649: 1648:

committed suicide. In the following years, a new city was built on the ruins of the Dacian capital named

1609:, gained a significant advantage, but were obligated to make a humiliating peace following the defeat of 1151:

stated that the lands of the Dacians started on the eastern edge of the Hercynian Forest (Black Forest).

617: 525: 424: 414: 399: 23: 13594: 9602: 9122: 6280: 5740:

This coalition implemented several critical reforms. The new coalition government, under prime minister

3273:

Seal of Michael the Brave during the personal union of the two Romanian principalities with Transylvania

160: 16188: 16140: 16032: 16027: 15804: 15799: 15255: 15054: 14928: 14888: 14815: 14732: 14717: 14615: 13728:

Thracians and Mycenaeans: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Thracology Rotterdam 1984

13004:

Glodariu, Ioan; Pop, Ioan Aurel; Nagler, Thomas (2005). "The history and civilization of the Dacians".

12130:"NeoVox: the International College Student Magazine: The Romanian Elections: to Fraud or Not to Fraud?" 5779: 5716: 5685: 5627:, organized by the main opposition parties. The protest became ongoing mass demonstration known as the 5301: 5271: 5152: 4582: 4247: 4004: 3979: 3746: 3167: 2990: 2989:

It is debated whether elements of the mixed Daco–Roman population survived in Transylvania through the

2799: 696: 127: 76: 12965:. Romanian literature and thought in translation series. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. 12912:. History of Humanity. Vol. 3: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. UNESCO. 12472: 11736: 6698: 6508:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 53, "Dacian King Oroles"

6161: 4935:

led a successful coup against the Axis with support from opposition politicians, most of the army and

3407:

Map of Europe in 1648 showing Transylvania and the two Romanian principalities: Wallachia and Moldavia

3005:. There is also debate over the ethnicity of Transylvania's population before the Hungarian conquest. 15774: 15528: 15489: 15091: 14847: 14737: 10905: 9953: 7706:

O. V. Tvorogov, Drevne-Russkie Chronography (Ancient Russian Chronographies), Leningrad, 1975, p.138.

6463:

Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Rubobostes Dacian King

5970: 3549: 3286: 3260: 2136:(return, return brother) recorded in connection with a Roman campaign across the Balkan Mountains by 1978:, Roman citizens "from the towns and lands of Dacia" were resettled to the interior of Moesia. Under 1730: 1663:

to the east. Rome's borders in the east were governed indirectly in this period, through a system of

14478: 11807:. Conflict Studies Research Centre, The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst: Camberley, Surrey GU15 4PQ 11246: 4963:. Stalin immediately recognized the king and the restoration of the conservative Romanian monarchy. 3467:

following the Austrian victory over the Turks. The Habsburgs rapidly expanded their empire; in 1718

3326: 16145: 15992: 15079: 14973: 14953: 14948: 14898: 14722: 13641: 13370:. Vol. 2: Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire. University of North Carolina. 12133: 11677:

Hellman, Joel (January 1998), "Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist",

11281: 10260: 5976: 5446: 5348: 5313: 5008: 4936: 4897: 4807: 4792: 4732: 4557: 4385: 3687: 2141: 1660: 803: 145: 13475:(13–14) (Festschrift für Richard Pittioni zum siebzigsten Geburtstag ed.). Vienna: Deuticke. 13125:

Mykhaĭlo Hrushevskyĭ; Andrzej Poppe; Marta Skorupsky; Frank E. Sysyn; Uliana M. Pasicznyk (1997).

12636:

Bury, John Bagnell; Cook, Stanley Arthur; Adcock, Frank E.; Percival Charlesworth, Martin (1954).

10933:

The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II

9016: 3048: 2614:

Between 271 and 275, the Roman army and administration left Dacia, which was invaded later by the

2569:, which required the Athenians to grant land for a shrine or temple, her cult was introduced into 2514:

or Zamolxis, the Getae (speaking the same language as the Dacians and the Thracians, according to

925:

The earliest written evidence of people living in the territory of present-day Romania comes from

16150: 16112: 15779: 15437: 15049: 15019: 14798: 14778: 14645: 14527: 14430:

Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930

8991: 6474: 5852: 5450: 5197: 4893: 4566: 4498: 4423: 4141: 3803: 3294: 3218: 3155: 3138: 2748:

became Khan. The new, energetic ruler focused on the north-west where Bulgaria's old enemies the

2587: 1641: 1420: 1276:'s authority. In 53 BC, Caesar stated that the Dacian territory was on the eastern border of the 807: 645: 491: 334: 222: 155: 140: 113: 103: 9586: 6390:

Radu Ocheșeanu: Monedele basileului Moskon aflate în colecțiile Muzeului de Arheologie Constanța

3333:

appeared to become the political and military power the threatened the Romanian principalities.

1175:, who held power in the region since the Celtic invasion of Transylvania in the 4th century BC. 1004:

also embraces a part of the mountains), afterwards broadens out towards the north as far as the

831:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

749:("Cave with Bones") was uncovered in 2002. The Romanian fossils are among the oldest remains of 471: 16092: 15603: 15432: 15034: 14878: 14803: 14635: 11006: 10600: 9478: 5896: 5807: 5293: 4997: 4960: 4553: 4184: 4149: 4068: 4043:

The Austro-Hungarian Romanian prisoners of war in the Russian Empire would eventually form the

4016: 3915: 3886:) consisted in attacking Austria-Hungary in Transylvania, while defending Southern Dobruja and 3703: 3612: 3584: 3344: 3264: 3222: 2909: 2901: 2878: 2698: 2647: 1947:

succeeded in dislodging the Romans and restoring the "independence" of Dacia following Emperor

1843: 1769: 1715:

and became an urban province, with about ten cities known and all of them originating from old

653: 581: 299: 150: 10184: 10147: 10031: 9830: 9237: 8944: 7624:

Barnes, Timothy D. (1981). Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

5737:(UDMR/RMDSZ) to form a centrist coalition government, holding 60% of the seats in Parliament. 5073:

In early September, Soviet and Romanian forces entered Transylvania and captured the towns of

3901:

The German high command was seriously worried about the prospect of Romania entering the war,

771: 16062: 16022: 16002: 15982: 15885: 15683: 15548: 15166: 15119: 15044: 15029: 14832: 14820: 14793: 14747: 14131: 13597:(2013). "Introduction: Romanian – a brief presentation". In Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela (ed.). 10931: 10883: 10848: 10512:

Erlikman, Vadim (2004). Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow. Page 51

9732: 9390:

History of Transylvania: IV. The First Period of the Principality of Transylvania (1526–1606)

9156:

Heinz Stoob, Die Mittelalterliche Städtebildung im südöstlichen Europa, Böhlau, 1977, p. 204

8856: 7592:

Madgearu, Alexandru (2008). Istoria Militară a Daciei Post Romane 275–376. Cetatea de Scaun.

6985:

Ioana A. Oltean, Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization, Routledge, 7 Aug 2007, p49.

6446:

Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in “A history of Romania – East European Monographs”, 1996,

6420:

Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in “A history of Romania – East European Monographs”, 1996,

6000: 5701: 5697: 5106: 5090: 5020: 4956: 4948: 4940: 4848: 4677: 4590: 4344: 4243: 3855: 3843: 3831: 3665: 3448: 3256: 2959: 2817: 2225: 2137: 2040: 2003: 1975: 1964: 1486: 931: 791: 700: 629: 585: 267: 165: 71: 53: 11894: 11781: 11623:"UPHEAVAL IN THE EAST; ARMY EXECUTES CEAUCESCU AND WIFE FOR 'GENOCIDE' ROLE, BUCHAREST SAYS" 11293: 8553: 7641:

Madgearu, Alexandru(2008). Istoria Militară a Daciei Post Romane 275–376. Cetatea de Scaun.

5156: 3001:

and Romanians appeared in the area in the 13th century after a northward migration from the

1186:

A kingdom of Dacia also existed as early as the first half of the 2nd century BC under King

16178: 15997: 15738: 15733: 15673: 15608: 15513: 15039: 15024: 14988: 14968: 14842: 14810: 14783: 14670: 14620: 12114: 12017: 11972:"A Change of Power in Romania: The Results and Significance of the November 1996 Elections" 10192: 10116: 6039: 5911: 5282: 5239: 5141: 5094: 4952: 4944: 4932: 4912: 4904: 4872:. As a substitute for Northern Transylvania, which had been given to Hungary following the 4844: 4596: 4303: 4295: 4251: 4235: 4203:

territory called "The Quadrilateral" from Bulgaria as a result of its participation in the

4196: 4130: 3733:

The period between 1878 and 1914 was one of stability and progress for Romania. During the

3695: 3670: 3596: 3463:

were replaced with Habsburg imperial governors. In 1699, Transylvania became a part of the

3242: 3234: 3183: 3112: 2729: 2702: 2670: 2331: 2208: 2044: 1602: 1559:, the latter of which was now split into Upper and Lower regions. He ordered his commander 1548: 1449:

lists a series of Dacian kings before Decebalus, placing a ruler called "Coryllus" between

247: 242: 189: 170: 90: 11597:"'Shameful but necessary': How the Romanian rulers who starved their people met their end" 11258: 11149: 10998: 10873: 5631:. The protesters accused the FSN of being made up of former Communists and members of the 5328: 5243: 4986: 4824: 3846:

wanted Romania to join their side in order to cut rail communications between Germany and

3191: 8: 16198: 16183: 16130: 16077: 16072: 16047: 15905: 15703: 15633: 15576: 15493: 15319: 15176: 15161: 15151: 15069: 15064: 14963: 14913: 14903: 14761: 14692: 14655: 14595: 14435:

Michelson, Paul E. "Recent American historiography on Romania and the second world war"

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Linguistic problems of the Balkan area in the late prehistoric and early Classical period

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The Bloody Flag: Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe : Spotlight on Romania

9415: 9324: 9134:

Dennis P. Hupchick, Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, 1995 p. 58

7160:(in Romania). The Romans were surprised by a Dacian attack at Tapae (near the village of 6064: 5726: 5573: 5497: 5425: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5137: 4993: 4873: 4705:

so much land was lost without a fight shattered the underpinnings of King Carol's power.

4665: 4561: 4299: 4227: 4052: 3959: 3947: 3928: 3902: 3799: 3683: 3625: 3370: 3352: 3096: 2721: 2627: 2469: 2457: 1933: 1902: 1894: 1696: 1579: 1521: 1454: 1297: 1105: 1036:

in the 4th century BC, Rex Histrianorum mentioned in 339 BC, Dual in the 3rd century BC,

888: 672: 621: 404: 361: 16168: 15820: 14449:

Turda, Marius. "The Nation as Object: Race, Blood, and Biopolitics in Interwar Romania"

14385:

National Ideology under Socialism. Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceaușescu’s Romania

13836: 9622:

Across the Danube: Southeastern Europeans and Their Travelling Identities (17th–19th C.)

8674:

The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century

4641:, which was not stated in the ultimatum). Two-thirds of Bessarabia were combined with a 4586: 4430: 4126: 3343:

in Transylvania and after his abdication from the Hungarian throne, he became the first

3278: 2261:, whatever the origin of the name, was used by the more western tribes who adjoined the 775: 16102: 16012: 15965: 15960: 15950: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15910: 15895: 15890: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15809: 15713: 15497: 15449: 15444: 15347: 15337: 15294: 15286: 15212: 15205: 15106: 15096: 14983: 14866: 14687: 14630: 14565: 14554: 14267: 14199: 14179: 14089: 13977: 13042: 12959: 12842:'Terra deserta': population, politics, and the colonization of Dacia. World archaeology 12699: 11999: 11987: 11846: 11169: 11000: 10723: 10676: 10668: 9671:

Ethnic structure of the population on the present territory of Transylvania (1880–1992)

9088: 7150: 6256: 5089:(Cluj-Napoca), a city regarded as the historical capital of Transylvania. However, the 4736: 4121:) for a short period of time, was viewed in later periods as the precursor of a modern 3971: 3963: 3839: 3661: 3645: 3545: 3423:

in 1786, Italian map by G. Pittori, since the geographer Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni

3040: 2967: 2838: 2387: 1852: 1741: 1675: 613: 291: 207: 15236: 12954: 12768:

Man into wolf: an anthropological interpretation of sadism, masochism, and lycanthropy

12181: 10374: 9879: 6996:

Politische Geschichte: (Provinzen und Randvölker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien)

4352:

As the 1930s progressed, Romania's already shaky democracy slowly deteriorated toward

1088:

between 44 BC and around 27 BC, Thiamarkos between 1st century BC and 1st century AD,

745: 16193: 16135: 16097: 16087: 16067: 16057: 16042: 16037: 16017: 15987: 15955: 15940: 15915: 15851: 15688: 15663: 15643: 15623: 15613: 15503: 15485: 15454: 15387: 15304: 15278: 15129: 15059: 14883: 14454: 14371: 14290: 14271: 14257: 14189: 14064: 14045: 14026: 14003: 13984: 13972: 13960: 13917: 13879: 13851: 13821: 13802: 13752: 13731: 13712: 13693: 13674: 13623: 13602: 13578: 13558: 13524: 13503: 13486: 13476: 13447: 13428: 13409: 13390: 13371: 13343: 13324: 13305: 13279: 13272: 13251: 13232: 13213: 13188: 13180: 13155: 13132: 13111: 13090: 13071: 13052: 13028: 13009: 12990: 12966: 12936: 12913: 12885: 12866: 12845: 12826: 12794: 12772: 12735: 12706: 12680: 12661: 12622: 12603: 12584: 12565: 12532: 12502: 12431: 12214: 12003: 11991: 11922:"225. Romania's First Post-Communist Decade: From Iliescu to Iliescu | Wilson Center" 11895:"Romania - Political Stability, Economic Reforms, and Corruption Trials | Britannica" 11850: 11630: 11453:

Speech at the Plenary session of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers' Party

11417: 11398: 11371: 11229: 11190: 11035: 10968: 10958: 10937: 10854: 10741: 10727: 10680: 10651:

Malbone W. Graham (October 1944), "The Legal Status of the Bukovina and Bessarabia",

10626: 10490: 10461: 10420: 10196: 10157: 10120: 10081: 10037: 9967: 9916: 9901: 9836: 9810: 9738: 9696: 9675: 9634: 9567: 9499: 9449: 9419: 9368: 9243: 9204: 9080: 8910: 8881: 8775: 8741: 8711: 8678: 8610: 8578: 7681: 7673: 7642: 7625: 7593: 6999: 6899: 6892: 6784: 6676: 6668: 6482: 6447: 6421: 6327: 6210: 5878: 5689: 5324: 5297: 5012: 4865: 4721: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4204: 4188: 4106: 4060: 3734: 3557: 3464: 3440: 3396: 3366: 3318: 3159: 2898: 1864: 1860: 1821: 1708: 1494: 1261: 944: 14513: 13801:. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). pp. 133–207. 9772: 9266: 8638:, vol. 1, New York: Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 7156:

led five or six legions across the Danube on a bridge of ships and advanced towards

6260: 6092:("Regarding Medical Materials")) has all the Dacian names of the plants preceded by 5885: 5841: 5775: 5768: 5749: 4429:

The royal dictatorship was brief. On 7 March 1939, a new government was formed with

3493:

After their defeat to the Russians, the Ottoman Empire restored the Danube ports of

2865: 1154:

Geto-Dacians inhabited both sides of the Tisa river prior to the rise of the Celtic

16082: 16007: 15977: 15678: 15593: 15538: 15508: 15459: 15419: 15402: 15392: 15327: 15299: 15221: 15181: 15171: 15134: 15114: 15014: 14707: 14702: 14330: 14304:

Balkan Economic History, 1550–1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations

13577:. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). pp. 59–132. 13295: 12766: 11983: 11838: 11467:– report of the "Centrul Internațional de Studii asupra Comunismului", Sighet, 2004 11390: 10715: 10660: 9945: 9626: 9411: 8771: 8467: 7168:(see Manea, p.109), but after this victory he was called Decebalus (the brave one). 7153: 6248: 6202: 5994: 5938: 5661: 5145: 4916: 4908: 4697: 4669: 4556:. Expecting military aid from Britain and France, Poland chose not to activate the 4324: 4200: 4024: 3750: 3355:

in the modern European history. In the aftermath, Transylvania was ruled by mostly

3301: 3187: 3009: 3002: 2936: 2858: 2749: 2745: 2593: 2032: 2028: 1914: 1856: 1789: 1757: 1749: 1620: 1606: 1594: 1560: 1508: 1277: 1168: 1140: 948: 732: 712: 708: 568:. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the 66: 13637: 12935:. Volume 7 of Coins from Roman sites and collections of Roman coins from Romania. 10326:

Sanders Marble, Brill, 2016, King of Battle: Artillery in World War I, pp. 343–349

9393:, vol. 1, New York: Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 8660:, vol. 1, New York: Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 5953: 3436: 2697:

and the Byzantines were forced to acknowledge the formation of a new country, the

15718: 15693: 15481: 15464: 15309: 15156: 15146: 14640: 14498: 14472: 14461: 14020: 13952: 13746: 13617: 13552: 13464: 13365: 13299: 13149: 13126: 13046: 12930: 12905: 12860: 12812: 12788: 12496: 12349: 12334: 12314: 12187: 11253: 11213: 11144: 10917: 10912: 10400: 10153: 10077: 9308: 8795: 8735: 8672: 7890: 7130: 6621: 6362:(Google Books), William Beloe (translator), Derby & Jackson, pp. 213–217 6206: 6034: 5309: 5098: 4770: 4761: 4176: 4170: 4163: 4092: 3811: 3758: 3754: 3604: 3476: 3305: 2830: 2694: 2398: 2238: 1910: 1721: 1605:

in AD 88 and a truce was drawn up . The next year, AD 88, new Roman troops under

1574: 1404: 1207: 633: 577: 319: 197: 13202: 12090: 5748:(PNȚ-CD) took over as prime minister. The former governor of the National Bank, 5639:

called on the "men of good will" to defend the state institutions in Bucharest.

5254: 4464:

as the new Prime-Minister with full powers in ruling the state by royal decree.

3533: 3033: 2849:

and is situated in the centre of present-day Romania. In addition to its unique

2390:

has, moreover, stated that the "Dacians ... appear to be related to the Dahae".

1178: 1120:. However the Free Dacians outside of the Roman Empire remain independent under 721: 716: 15668: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15628: 15618: 15533: 15476: 15369: 15332: 15226: 14361:

Economic Change in the Balkan States: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Yugoslavia

14230: 13274:

The grand strategy of the Roman Empire from the first century A.D. to the third

13267: 12950: 12546: 12235:"Traian Basescu is re-elected for a second term in office as leader of Romania" 11477:

Raportul Comisiei Prezidențiale pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România

10455: 10438: 9897:

Modern History Sourcebook: The Treaty of Berlin, 1878 – Excerpts on the Balkans

6378:

Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 63, "Getae under Cothelas"

5958: 5903: 5863: 5741: 5520: 5031: 4642: 4574: 4369: 4263: 4259: 4072: 4056: 4008: 3975: 3955: 3939: 3887: 3816: 3795: 3587:, which started a period of common tutelage for the Ottomans and a Congress of 3576: 3518: 3514: 3374: 3330: 3203: 3186:. Stefan's most prestigious victory was over the Ottoman Empire in 1475 at the 2781: 2690: 2658: 2570: 2534: 2436: 2432: 2414: 2286: 2165: 2113: 1956: 1653: 1634: 684: 569: 553: 515: 262: 175: 11870: 10308:

România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2, Ed. Militară, Bucharest, 1987

9388: 9196: 8653: 8631: 6111: 5782:(DA). The government was formed by a larger coalition which also included the 5082: 3529: 1994: 16229: 15764: 15563: 15139: 14157: 13964: 13894: 13490: 13361: 13357: 12980: 12901: 12808: 12784: 12762: 12739: 12536: 12207:

OECD (2019-07-16). "Chapter 1. Numbers and locations of Romanian emigrants".

11995: 11842: 11804: 11634: 11395:

On the Shoulders of Marx. An Incursion into the History of Romanian Communism

11017: 10972: 10876:"Decret regal privind investirea generalului Ion Antonescu cu depline puteri" 10834: 10781: 9293: 9084: 8531: 5930: 5117: 5110: 5027: 4766: 4740: 4728: 4658: 4646: 4608: 4540: 4461: 4403: 4313: 3882:. Joining the Entente had large popular support. The Romanian campaign plan ( 3620: 3487: 3360: 3322: 3209: 3124: 3120: 3064: 3044: 2955: 2734: 2558: 2461: 2230: 2179: 1940: 1929: 1874: 1664: 1481:

not intervene in Rome's volatile power-politics. During the reign of Emperor

1344: 1245: 1148: 14128:

Romania since the Second World War: a political, social and economic history

11032:

Third axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces In the European War 1941–1945

10694:"Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare în Informatică – ICI București" 6388:

https://revistapontica.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/pontica-3-pag-125-129.pdf

4927:

On 23 August 1944, with the Red Army penetrating German defenses during the

4680:', while 'Southern Transylvania' remained part of Romania. Hungary had lost 4436: 1832:

in Moesia Inferior. There are a number of preserved relics originating from

843:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

15723: 15553: 15424: 15342: 15124: 14940: 13183:; Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Szász, Zoltán; Barta, Gábor, eds. (1994). 12694: 9777:

History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century

8048:, p. 163: "…patri incom rabili, decep a Daciscis in bel- loproclio …" 6214: 5665: 5375: 5356: 4885: 4877: 4868:

were now fully re-incorporated into the Romanian state after they had been

4800: 4735:", which forced the abdication of Carol II in favor of his 19-year-old son 4717: 4712:

formed the first Romanian government to include an Iron Guardist minister,

4681: 4650: 4612: 4453: 4448:

concerning a similar guarantee collapsed when Romania refused to allow the

4445: 4411: 4333: 4275:, dominant in the years immediately after World War I, became increasingly 3883: 3871: 3835: 3719: 3707: 3569: 3456: 3444: 3282: 3149: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3060: 3052: 3025: 2974:

rivers. During the 11th and 12th centuries, the nomadic confederacy of the

2905: 2850: 2773: 2678: 2635: 2296:

is found under various forms within ancient sources. Greeks used the forms

2195: 2086: 2052: 1960: 1630: 1529: 1445:' successor and may have been the father of Decebalus. The Roman historian 1415: 1203: 1164: 1113: 1045: 1041: 1021: 751: 740: 727: 637: 625: 597: 212: 14462:"The Banality of History and Memory: Romanian Society and the Holocaust", 14399:

Romanian Cassandra: Ion Antonescu & the Struggle for Reform, 1916–1941

12865:. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. London: John Wiley and Sons. 11548: 11527: 11061: 10824: 9630: 6299: 5501: 4633:

were largely undone. In July, after a Soviet ultimatum, Romania agreed to

4028: 1283: 609: 15708: 15586: 15571: 15543: 15379: 14605: 13916:. Springer Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files. 12286:"Anger threatens to topple Romanian president as austerity measures bite" 11575:, Cold War International History Project e-Dossier Series, archived from 10017:

Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870–1914

9949: 7161: 6660: 5753: 5745: 5636: 5605: 5601: 5530: 5368: 5352: 5344: 5102: 5001: 4989:

and others welcome the Red Army as it enters Bucharest on 30 August 1944.

4744: 4709: 4685: 4630: 4415: 4360: 4309: 4280: 4276: 3765: 3588: 3580: 3314: 3128: 2924: 2874: 2826: 2757: 2701:. The northern border of the country followed the southern slopes of the 2490: 2427: 2383: 2349:

There are similarities between the ethnonyms of the Dacians and those of

2315: 2311: 2267: 2117: 2064: 2011: 1952: 1793: 1700: 1691: 1656: 1513: 1408: 1356: 880: 668: 641: 573: 217: 108: 14309:

Miscoiu, Sergiu. "Balkan populisms: the cases of Bulgaria and Romania."

14176:

The origins of the Rumanians: the early history of the Rumanian language

11206: 10697: 9092: 9068: 8737:

The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans

8099: 5793: 5067: 4876:, Hitler persuaded Antonescu in August 1941 to also take control of the 4210: 4023:, Romania reentered the war after the successful Allied advances on the 3068: 3017: 2618:. The Goths mixed with the local people until the 4th century, when the 2529: 1307: 988:, the portion which is just contiguous to that river is occupied by the 624:, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the 15471: 14502: 14423: 14105:

Eclogae ex Q. Horatii Flacci poematibus page 140 and page 175 by Horace

13108:

Empires and Barbarians: Migration, Development, and the Birth of Europe

12776: 12043: 11465:

Recensământul populației concentraționare din România în anii 1945–1989

11342:

Romania's Policy of Autonomy in the Context of the Sino-Soviet Conflict

10672: 7668:

Odahl, Charles Matson. Constantine and the Christian Empire. New York:

7553:"Eutropius, Abridgment of Roman History (Historiae Romanae Breviarium)" 7538: 7165: 6252: 5657: 5632: 5400: 5383: 5360: 5211: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5125: 5063: 4861: 4836: 4832: 4814: 4752: 4713: 4512: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4377: 4288: 4255: 4159: 4145: 4048: 4012: 3786: 3742: 3711: 3702:, in which the Ottomans fought against the Russian empire. In the 1878 3480: 3340: 3269: 2706: 2262: 2153: 1979: 1921: 1737: 1614: 1194:

and the Romans (112–109 BC, 74 BC), against whom they had assisted the

1160: 1053: 593: 13955:[The Danubian populations: comparative ethnographic studies]. 12449: 9715: 6773:"Justin: Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, Book 32" 5832:

Romania developed closer ties with Western Europe, eventually joining

4896:. Although the Romanian administration set up a civil government, the 4337: 4191:

that defined the new border between Hungary and Romania. The union of

4034: 3943: 3698:. Romania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire after the 3611:, and, though never again fully, Russia. While the Moldavia-Wallachia 3524: 2265:

and therefore first became known to the Romans. According to Strabo's

1501:, was advancing with an army through Moesia towards Rome to overthrow 1012: 774:; it was first used in the early Neolithic around 6050 BC by the 605: 456: 15518: 15074: 13838:

Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes

12445: 12368:"Liberal Florin Cîțu put forward to be Romania's next prime minister" 9620: 7669: 6353: 5643: 5505: 5391:

political repression, which became more draconian through the 1980s.

5121: 5043: 4781: 4720:

who had become the nominal leader of the movement after the death of

4239: 4110: 4097: 3985: 3924: 3714:

to Russia in exchange for access to the Black Sea ports and acquired

3420: 3384: 3356: 3310: 3195: 3100: 2994: 2983: 2963: 2951: 2932: 2928: 2916: 2886: 2738: 2686: 2639: 2481: 2418: 2402: 2213: 2070: 2015: 1645: 1590: 1568: 1537: 1533: 1502: 1498: 1462: 1450: 1442: 1434: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1301: 1273: 1265: 1249: 1241: 1235: 1212: 1195: 1191: 1136: 1132: 1125: 1109: 1093: 1081: 1029: 1005: 952: 926: 903: 680: 565: 496: 15247: 11083: 10987:

A satellite empire: Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941–1944

10874:

Ioan Scurtu; Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu; Georgiana Margareta Scurtu.

10664: 9759: 9692:

Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin

9619:

Katsiardi-Hering, Olga; Stassinopoulou, Maria A, eds. (2016-11-21).

7901: 7899: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7420: 5435: 5186: 5074: 4843:. The total number of troops involved on the Eastern Front with the 4487: 4363:, ultra-nationalist, and mostly at least quasi-fascist parties. The 4109:, who ruled over the three principalities with Romanian population ( 3893: 3632:(Ruling Prince) over both Moldavia and Wallachia from 1859 onwards, 2944: 15728: 15523: 14519: 14196:

The Balkans: A History Of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Rumania, Turkey

12635: 11826: 11805:"The Enemy Within: The Romanian Intelligence Service in Transition" 11030:

Axworthy, Mark; Scafes, Cornel; Craciunoiu, Cristian, eds. (1995).

10246:"Romania's Entry into the First World War: The Problem of Strategy" 8549: 8473: 8278: 7834: 7028: 5988: 5942: 5829: 5628: 5524: 5097:

engaged the Allied forces on 5 September in what was to become the

4972: 4881: 4840: 4796: 4449: 4396: 4291:

and other political groupings approached the level of a civil war.

4246:. This occasionally led to violent conflict, as exemplified by the 4192: 4137: 4118: 4076: 3867: 3723: 3706:, Romania was officially recognized as an independent state by the 3691: 3472: 3416: 3388: 3171: 3104: 3088: 2979: 2940: 2857:

is famous because of persistent myths that it was once the home of

2765: 2714: 2643: 2542: 2519: 2511: 2507: 2217: 2109: 2078: 2056: 2036: 1948: 1906: 1729:

was the financial, religious, and legislative center and where the

1610: 1578:

Two of the eight marble statues of Dacian warriors surmounting the

1525: 1490: 1477: 1473: 1446: 1430: 1391:, Cotiso refused the alliance and joined the party of Mark Antony. 1352: 1293: 1121: 1085: 1049: 1033: 960: 779: 759: 660: 589: 561: 481: 476: 461: 14492:

The Beginning of the Final Solution: Murder of the Jews of Romania

7831:, p. 189: "the Getae over the Danube, whom they call Dacians" 6974:

Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe

6945:

Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe

3897:

Romanian territorial losses in the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918

3842:, with around 2,800,000 Romanians out of around 5,000,000 people. 3563: 3403: 2510:

and solar motifs. According to Herodotus' account of the story of

2063:

in 336. Some Roman territories north of the Danube resisted until

1970:

The province was abandoned by Roman troops, and, according to the

1128:

in the 2nd century AD, and possibly Tarbus in the 2nd century AD.

939:

440 BC; He writes that the tribal union/confederation of the

15598: 15409: 14550: 13959:(in French). 17–18. Brussels: Société scientifique de Bruxelles. 11016:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

10833:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

10395: 10288:

Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania

9407:

Elective Monarchy in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1569–1587

7896: 7846: 5387: 5164: 4827:), Romanian units fought side by side with the Germans onward to 4353: 4242:

made up 71.9% of the population and 28.1% of the population were

4122: 3920: 3807: 3806:'s German heritage, Romania had a secret treaty of alliance with 3727: 3715: 3608: 3498: 3468: 3411: 3133: 2822: 2769: 2725: 2666: 2651: 2631: 2145: 2105: 2090: 2074: 2010:

at Sucidava, (today Corabia in Romania) in hopes of reconquering

1805: 1712: 1552: 1438: 1371: 1199: 1144: 1097: 1077: 1065: 911: 895: 795: 486: 466: 14413:

Heroes and victims: Remembering war in twentieth-century Romania

13646:(in Romanian and French). București, Romania: Cvltvra Națională. 13538:

Oledzki, M. (2000). "La Tène Culture in the Upper Tisza Basin".

13128:

History of Ukraine-Rus': From prehistory to the eleventh century

11397:(in Romanian), Bucharest: Editura Curtea Veche, pp. 68–73, 10335:

Keith Hitchins, Clarendon Press, 1994, Rumania 1866–1947, p. 269

8017: 8015: 8013: 7986: 5859:/PC and UDMR/RMDSZ—was sworn in under Prime Minister Tăriceanu. 5163:

in 1991, the Eastern territories became part of Ukraine and the

4700:(which Bulgaria had lost after the Romanian invasion during the 3640:

country's name was changed to United Principalities of Romania.

3517:

until 1844. During his rule, the local boyars enacted the first

3479:

in 1804. The eastern half of the principality, which was called

2148:, wrote about a Christian people "from the Roman Empire" called 1335: 914:, northern Bulgaria, south-western Ukraine, Hungary east of the 12825:, Payot, Paris, 1970 ed.). București, Romania: Humanitas. 12468: 12427: 11438: 10719: 9239:

A Baedeker of Decadence: Charting a Literary Fashion, 1884–1927

8767:

Waiting for the End of the World: European Dimensions, 950–1200

7967: 7965: 6842:

Augustus and the Reconstruction of Roman Government and Society

5316:

to collectivize the country's resources including agriculture.

5286: 5053: 4889: 4828: 4756: 4654: 4638: 4622: 4175:(Great or Greater Romania) refers to the Romanian state in the 4083:

in action while fighting as part of the Austro-Hungarian Army.

3847: 3769: 3738: 3502: 3179: 3076: 3075:

army on 2 February 1345. The campaign had finally expelled the

3072: 3056: 3013: 2998: 2975: 2971: 2920: 2882: 2854: 2761: 2753: 2710: 2662: 2623: 2566: 2562: 2547: 2515: 2307: 2282: 2250: 2234: 2101: 2082: 1983: 1925: 1716: 1556: 1541: 1516:

in the ruined Sarmizegetusa Regia, the capital of ancient Dacia

1469: 1384: 1363: 1348: 1317: 1187: 1117: 1089: 1069: 1061: 1057: 1037: 973: 919: 915: 14138:

Burks, Richard V. "Romania and the Balkan Crisis of 1875–78."

12726:[Soldiers of Dacian origin in the military diplomas]. 12350:"Romanian PM Ludovic Orban resigns after poor election result" 11318: 10277:

trans. F.A. Holt (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1927), 243.

9991: 9618: 8988:"Romania's ethnographic regions – Wallachia (Țara Românească)" 8395: 8346: 8344: 6822: 6186:

Trinkaus E, Milota S, Rodrigo R, Mircea G, Moldovan O (2003),

4982: 4787: 4359:

Increasingly, these governments were dominated by a number of

3012:

invited settlers from Central and Western Europe, such as the

2693:

led a large army to fight the Bulgars but was defeated in the

1786:

system as used successfully in other provinces of the empire.

14600: 13953:"Les populations danubiennes: études d'ethnographie comparée" 13025:

Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire

12821:] (in Romanian) (Based on the translation from French of 12734:. Berlin: German Archaeological Institute/Walter de Gruyter. 8603:

Istoria României de la începuturi până în secolul al VIII-lea

8385: 8383: 8010: 7718: 7157: 6188:"Early Modern Human Cranial remains from the Peștera cu Oase" 6102: 6093: 5651:

miners, and in June 1994, a Bucharest court found two former

5347:

country not to take part in the invasion—the continuation of

5078: 5057:

Map of Romania after World War II indicating lost territories

3951: 3919:

German-Bulgarian-Turkish offensive gradually occupied all of

3879: 3875: 3510: 3494: 3348: 3339:, the non-Habsburg King of Hungary, moved his royal court to 3036:

and this area was mentioned under the name "Olachi" in 1285.

2777: 2682: 2674: 2615: 2606: 2523: 2394: 2354: 2350: 2325: 2319: 2297: 2272: 2121: 2019: 1944: 1869: 1851:

2,200) were Latin, 14% (c. 420) were Greek, 4% (c. 120) were

1376: 1257: 1227: 1172: 1101: 1073: 1001: 993: 989: 985: 977: 940: 907: 899: 884: 811: 799: 601: 451: 98: 12382:"Romanian parliament elects Nicolae Ciucă as prime minister" 10360:

Ioan Scurtu, Octavian Silivestru, Oral History Archive, 1994

10317:

România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2, pp. 834–835

9657:. London, England: H.M. Stationery Office. 1920. p. 51. 8500: 8356: 8179: 7962: 7800: 7798: 7796: 6410:

The foreign policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus

3931:, the Central Powers occupied Bucharest on 6 December 1916. 1939:

Even so, the Germanic and Celtic kingdoms, particularly the

1707:

Roman Dacia, also known as Dacia Felix, was organized as an

1532:. He was one of a series of rulers following the Great King 1218: 12755:. Praha: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství. pp. 37–52. 11621:

Kifner, John; Times, Special To the New York (1989-12-26).

11164:"King Proclaims Nation's Surrender and Wish to Help Allies" 10581:

Legiunea Voluntarilor Români din Italia, Bușe, 2007, p. 12.

9166: 9164: 8341: 7299: 7297: 7279:, Sixth Ed. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York. ç1977 p.312 6665:

Rome and the Nomads: the Pontic-Danubian realm in antiquity

6185: 5833: 5086: 4968: 4402:

In December 1937, the king appointed LANC leader, the poet

2650:

from its establishment in 681 until around the time of the

2619: 2097: 1889: 1838: 1679: 1671: 1583: 1524:

ruled between the years AD 69 and 87, during the time that

1482: 1311:

The map that shows the Dacian invasion of Boii and Taurisci

1253: 1155: 14147:

Revista de Științe Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques

14042:

Handbook of Egyptian, Greek, Etruscan and Roman Archeology

13185:

History of Transylvania – From the Beginnings to 1606

10906:"Polish veterans to take pride of place in victory parade" 9832:

The establishment of the Balkan national states, 1804–1920

9829:

Jelavich, Charles; Jelavich, Barbara (20 September 2012).

8811: 8809: 8380: 8220: 8218: 8087: 7977: 7928: 7926: 7781: 7759: 7757: 7519: 7185: 5771:

became the prime minister of the newly formed government.

5527:

and other crimes, they were executed on 25 December 1989.

5046:. In line with Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement, two 3694:, Ruling Prince of the United Principality of Romania, as 2456:- "cut".A quote from the 6th-century Byzantine chronicler 2108:, used it as their base, until in 566 it was destroyed by 15850: 11120: 9779:, University of California Press, 2013, p. 112 and p. 252 8455: 8431: 8242: 8230: 8039: 7998: 7793: 7461: 7459: 7357: 7063: 6810: 6723: 6721: 6567: 5778:

was elected president with an electoral coalition called

5379: 4467: 4389: 4067:

and later, after the end of the war, participated in the

3826:

King Carol I died on 10 October 1914, and his successor,

3359:

Hungarian princes until the end of the 17th century, and

2654:

conquest of Transylvania at the end of the 10th century.

1667:, which led to less direct campaigning than in the west. 1355:

worried about the frontier and possible alliance between

14194:

Forbes, Nevill, and Arnold J. Toynbee & D. Mitrany.

12458: 11029: 9863:"The Identity conflict of the sango minority of Romania" 9734:

Popular Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East

9217: 9161: 8826: 8824: 8497:

Histories by Herodotus Book 4 translated by G. Rawlinson

8105: 7294: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6088:

Dioscorides's book (known in English by its Latin title

5862:

In June 1993, the country applied for membership in the

5540: 5260:

personality cult of Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena

4971:, and declared war on Germany. The coup accelerated the 4452:

to cross its frontiers. In August 1939, Germany and the

4234:

on 1 December 1918, was not fulfilled. According to the

4195:

and Bessarabia with Romania was ratified in 1920 by the

3674:

Timeline of the borders of Romania between 1859 and 2010

2689:

territories in the south. In 680, the Byzantine Emperor

2681:. From there, Asparukh's cavalry in alliance with local 1644:, and razing it to the ground, the defeated Dacian king 1112:

between 87 AD to 106 AD. Dacia became a province of the

13788:

Die Sprache der Thrako-Daker ('Thraco-Dacian language')

13500:

In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyric Latini

13465:"The Dacian Iron Age – A Comment in a European Context" 12986:

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

12330:"Romanian centrist president re-elected by a landslide" 11755:"Evolution in Europe; Romanian miners invade Bucharest" 9787: 9785: 9176: 8806: 8443: 8419: 8368: 8254: 8215: 8191: 7950: 7923: 7880: 7754: 7398: 7396: 7321: 7209: 7197: 7173: 7111: 7087: 7075: 7013:

The Romanian armed power concept: a historical approach

6876:

The Balkans: Roumania, Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro

6861: 6859: 5308:. On 11 June 1948, all banks and large businesses were 4765:). Later that day, historian and former prime minister 4266:

in 1921. That same year Romania and Poland concluded a

3544:

in Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania perpetrated by

3123:, Vlad is best known for being the inspiration for the 2565:, goddess of the moon and the hunt. By a decree of the 2533:

Votive stele representing Bendis wearing a Dacian cap (

898:, who are widely accepted to be the same people as the 778:

and later by the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture in the pre-

13896:

The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands

13751:. East European monographs. East European Monographs. 13669:

Parvan, Vasile; Vulpe, Alexandru; Vulpe, Radu (2002).

11735:. Oxford: Lexington Books. p. 507. Archived from 11572:

New Evidence on Romania and the Warsaw Pact, 1955–1989

10299:

România în anii primului război mondial, vol.2, p. 831

9532:), University of Washington Press, July 1983, page 163 9322: 9013:"Gather.com – Join The Conversation : Gather.com" 8512: 8479: 8407: 8203: 8063: 7911: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7822: 7730: 7495: 7483: 7471: 7456: 7432: 7369: 6718: 6706: 6605: 6603: 6593: 6591: 5331:

started to pursue independent policies, including the

4214:

Proclamation of Union between Transylvania and Romania

3772:

against Jews, many of whom fled to the United States.

3651: 632:

to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the

13983:. Toronto and Buffalo: Matthias Corvinus Publishing. 13068:

In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire

12724:"Soldats d'origine dace dans les diplômes militaires" 12072:"Romanians Elect Mayor of Bucharest as New President" 10015:

Anderson, Frank Maloy; Hershey, Amos Shartle (1918),

9544:

The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat

8821: 8532:"BENDIS - Thracian Goddess of the Moon & Hunting" 8266: 8111: 8051: 8027: 7938: 7810: 7507: 7408: 7381: 7345: 7333: 7282: 7257: 7245: 7221: 7099: 6733: 5794:

NATO and the European Union membership (2004–present)

4751:

former dignitaries or officials were executed by the

3970:. However, shortly after the military victories, the 1804:

accompanied the emperor Septimius Severus during his

1468:

The Dacians regularly raided into Roman territory in

1202:, greatly weakened the resources of the Dacians. The 992:; then immediately adjoining this is the land of the 330:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

14207:

Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics

13321:

The Enemies of Rome: From Hannibal to Attila the Hun

12310:"Klaus Iohannis wins Romanian presidential election" 11729:

Romania since 1989: politics, economics, and society

10618: 9782: 9442:

Study Tours and Intellectual-Religious Relationships

8858:

Constantine Porphyrogenitus De Administrando Imperio

8796:"T. Balkanski – Transilvanskite bylgari – Predgovor" 7393: 7233: 6932:

History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606

6856: 6481:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 55. 5292:

Romania's leader from 1948 to his death in 1965 was

4649:. The rest (northern Bukovina, the northern half of 4183:

Most of the claimed territories were granted to the

4125:, a thesis which was argued with noted intensity by 3726:

and on 26 March that year, Prince Carol became King

1989: 1437:, about whom nothing is known beyond the name. King 616:. In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the 14120:

Ion Antonescu § References and further reading

14103:Zumpt, Karl Gottlob; Zumpt, August Wilhelm (1852). 13497: 12679:. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 3. CUP. 12261:"Honour and Solidarity: The 2012 Romanian Protests" 12018:"ROMANIA Parliamentary Chamber: Camera Deputatilor" 11117:"Serialul 'Ion Antonescu și asumarea istoriei' (3)" 11034:. London: Arms & Armour Press. pp. 1–368. 10761: 10759: 9688: 9667: 9526:"Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804" 9197:"The Three Feudal 'Nations' and the Ottoman Threat" 8284: 7863: 6600: 6588: 5270:following World War II facilitated the rise of the 4773:, a former government minister, were assassinated. 4629:In 1940 Romania's territorial gains made following 4144:, and some of the Allies recognized the union with 4035:

Transylvanian, Bukovinian and Bessarabian Romanians

3525:

Revolutions of 1848 and formation of modern Romania

13976: 13271: 12958: 12698: 10537:, p.41; Șerban (1997), p.104-105; (2001), p.149; ( 6779:. Archived from the original on September 2, 2003. 6479:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome 6278: 5680:In March 1992, the FSN split into two groups: the 3794:Due to Romania's unfavorable location between the 3221:, showing a significant influence dating from the 2752:experienced difficulties and setbacks against the 13869:. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Româna. 13619:A history of the Roman world from A.D. 138 to 337 13498:Nixon, C. E. V.; Saylor Rodgers, Barbara (1995). 13131:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. 13003: 12811:(1995). Ivănescu, Maria; Ivănescu, Cezar (eds.). 12721: 12674: 11080:"Romania During the Second World War (1941–1945)" 10650: 9535: 9038:Transylvania, a Short History, Simon Publications 8671:Fine, John V. A.; Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). 7905: 7574: 7537:"Of the Manner in which the persecutors died" by 7444: 7426: 7309: 7123: 5124:alongside the Red Army in Transylvania, Hungary, 5093:was present in the region, and together with the 2720:The Bulgarians' main rivals in the area were the 1928:(AD 249–251) had to restore Roman Dacia from the 1917:, both distinguished themselves in the campaign. 552:The Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a 16227: 14344:Rumania: Political Problems of an Agrarian State 13668: 13173:Sanskrit: its origin, composition, and diffusion 13051:. Complete Series. London: Thames & Hudson. 12701:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 12091:"Refworld | Freedom in the World 2010 – Romania" 12089:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 11541: 10756: 10243: 9828: 9560:Glockner, Peter G.; Bagossy, Nora Varga (2007). 9360: 9332: 8966:"Cumans and Tatars – Cambridge University Press" 7992: 6281:"A Lost European Culture, Pulled From Obscurity" 4422:In April 1938, King Carol had Iron Guard leader 3954:, where the Romanian army managed to defeat the 2881:controlled vast areas to the north of the river 1414:After Augustus's victory in the civil wars, the 743:were discovered in present-day Romania when the 13998:Vico, Giambattista; Pinton, Giorgio A. (2001). 13593: 13554:Dacia: landscape, colonisation and romanisation 13084: 12065: 12063: 11520: 10921:, May 25, 2007. Last accessed on 31 March 2006. 10014: 9822: 9766: 9559: 8945:"Pechenegs | people | Britannica.com" 8568: 7724: 7042:Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization 6919:Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization 6828: 6237:"Neanderthals and Moderns Mixed and It Matters" 5304:. The Communist regime was formalized with the 5170: 4544:Ethnic map of Greater Romania according to the 4325:worldwide Great Depression that started in 1929 3564:United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia 2382:), an Indo-European people located east of the 984:As for the southern part of Germany beyond the 14359:Sjöberg, Örjan, and Michael Louis Wyzan, eds. 14319:Velvet Totalitarianism: Post-Stalinist Romania 13779:Limba Traco-Dacilor ('Thraco-Dacian language') 13659: 11517:, vol. XLII, no. 4 (Winter 2008), pp. 365–404. 11512:-a-Vu: Early Roots of Romania's Independence," 11497:Rummel, Rudolph, Statistics of Democide, 1997. 10957:. East European Monographs. pp. 184–186. 10489:] (in Russian). Moscow: Русская панорама. 10029: 9968:"Internet History Sourcebooks: Modern History" 9689:Kocsis, Karoly; Kocsis-Hodosi, Eszter (2001), 9668:Kocsis, Karoly; Kocsis-Hodosi, Eszter (1999), 9547:C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, page 146; 9326:St. Stephen the Great – Commemorated on July 2 9053:Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary 8851: 8401: 8148: 6797: 6694:"History of Romania – Antiquity – The Dacians" 6686: 5892:for a second five-year term as the President. 5874:in 2004, and a full member on 1 January 2007. 5668:government until new elections could be held. 4672:mediated a compromise between Romania and the 4129:. This theory became a point of reference for 4086: 2784:. He took 50,000 captives who were settled in 15836: 15263: 14535: 13950: 13444:Encyclopedia of archaeology: Volume 1, Part 1 13425:Late Roman Villas in the Danube-Balkan Region 12210:Talent Abroad: A Review of Romanian Emigrants 11802: 10952: 10850:The Origins of the Second World War 1933–1941 10714:. Universitatea Stefan cel Mare din Suceava. 10019:, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office 9117: 9115: 9113: 8752:...date kuvrat's death between 650 and 665... 8021: 6976:, University Press of America, 2009, p.154-5. 6963:, Romanian Cultural Institute, 2005, pp.87–9. 5648:violence was perpetrated by government agents 5570:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies 4778:coup, combined with a pogrom against the Jews 4283:, and in 1927 was supplanted in power by the 4254:. To contain Hungarian irredentism, Romania, 3790:Territories inhabited by Romanians before WWI 3079:and ended the devastations of the Mongols in 1139:to the source of the river Tisa and from the 636:and, consequently, in June 1941 entered 533: 14405: 14018: 13909:Northeastern European Iron Age pages 210–221 13008:. Romanian Cultural Institute, Cluj Napoca. 12116:NATO update: NATO welcomes seven new members 12060: 11721: 11719: 11717: 11681:, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 203–234 9807:The emergence of the Romanian national State 9596: 9491: 9438: 8733: 8677:. University of Michigan Press. p. 44. 8573:, vol. II, București, pp. 363, 587 8555:Getica, sive, De Origine Actibusque Gothorum 8362: 8303: 8185: 8166: 6844:, University of Wisconsin Press, 1935 p.252. 5947:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 5788:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 5735:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 5050:were set up to try suspected war criminals. 4676:: Hungary received a region referred to as ' 4664:Shortly thereafter, on 30 August, under the 4585:. After the assassination of Prime Minister 3686:was exiled and replaced with Prince Karl of 3568:After the unsuccessful 1848 revolution, the 2908:. In Bulgaria it is usually referred to as 2602:The foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire 1951:'s withdrawal, in 275. At the boundaries of 1287:The legend map showing Burebista's campaigns 1256:were conquered, and even the Greek towns of 14214:Modernization in Romania since world war II 13848:The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantin 13294: 13124: 13065: 13041: 12646: 12640:. The Cambridge Ancient History. Macmillan. 12459:Pliny (the Elder); Rackham, Harris (1971). 12444: 11798: 11796: 11620: 11549:"Middle East policies in Communist Romania" 11528:"Romania – Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" 11057: 11055: 11053: 11051: 10185:"Chapter Fourteen: War Aims and Neutrality" 10109:"Chapter Fourteen: War Aims and Neutrality" 9580: 9468: 9345: 9235: 8937: 8389: 8350: 8142: 8093: 7857: 7525: 7363: 7191: 6840:Alban Dewes Winspear, Lenore Kramp Geweke, 6816: 6472: 6466: 5929:(PSD). Additionally, former Prime Minister 5610:National Christian Democrat Peasant's Party 5464:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3942:offensive began, leading to the battles of 3823:, as stipulated in the treaty of alliance. 3593:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3313:and the distinguishing of some rulers like 2522:: "a man who not only had wandered through 2472:as by their characteristic place-names in – 2245:. Modern historians prefer to use the name 1685: 15843: 15829: 15270: 15256: 14542: 14528: 14102: 14094:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 13997: 13944:(in German). Vol. 1. Vienna: Tempsky. 13913:East Central European Iron Age pages 79–90 13899:. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. 13709:Slavic Features in the History of Rumanian 13304:. The University of North Carolina Press. 12722:Dana, Dan; Matei-Popescu, Florian (2009). 12649:The prehistory of India: tribal migrations 12583:. London: Humanities Press International. 12515: 12183:BBC News: EU approves Bulgaria and Romania 11338: 10487:The loss of population in the 20th Century 9921:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9495:History of Transylvania: From 1606 to 1830 9110: 8958: 8915:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8900: 8886:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8615:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8605:, vol. 2, București, pp. 294–325 8596: 8594: 8583:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8569:Iliescu, Vl.; Paschale, Chronicon (1970), 7804: 7069: 6947:, University Press of America, 2009, p.72. 5800:Accession of Romania to the European Union 5744:remained in office until March 1998, when 5580:this issue before removing this message. 4552:Eight days later Nazi Germany invaded the 4238:, Romania had a population of 18,057,028. 2638:until the 8th century. The territories of 1719:. Eight of these held the highest rank of 1008:; but I cannot tell the precise boundarie 540: 526: 14316: 13939: 13930: 13867:Moldavia in the 11th–14th Centuries 13687: 13601:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–7. 13540:Ethnographisch-Archäologische Zeitschrift 13147: 12949: 12906:"Thracians, Celts, Illyrians and Dacians" 12705:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12518:Romanitatea românilor: Istoria unei idei 12164:"Calin Popescu Tariceanu Gets the PM Job" 12122: 11824: 11714: 11389: 10819: 10817: 10815: 10813: 10811: 10653:The American Journal of International Law 10520: 10518: 10508: 10506: 9935: 9730: 9255: 9069:"Transylvania and the Hungarian Minority" 8518: 8437: 8248: 8045: 8004: 7465: 6961:The History of Transylvania: (Until 1541) 6352: 6293: 6162:"Romania during the period of neutrality" 5804:Romanian membership of the European Union 5484:Learn how and when to remove this message 5227:Learn how and when to remove this message 4528:Learn how and when to remove this message 3850:, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies. 3306:the southern and central parts of Hungary 2229:. In Greek and Latin, in the writings of 2112:. Lombards abandoned the country and the 976:'s account of the lands inhabited by the 910:, which corresponds with modern Romania, 863:Learn how and when to remove this message 14251: 14242: 14229: 14163:A Brief Illustrated History of Romanians 14079: 14039: 14019:Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). 13845: 13796: 13706: 13403: 13318: 13209:("The formation of counties in Hungary") 13085:Goodman, Martin; Sherwood, Jane (2002). 12675:Crossland, R.A.; Boardman, John (1982). 12557: 12526: 12426: 11793: 11725: 11048: 11023: 10599: 10590:Legiunea Română din Italia, Grecu. p. 3. 10480: 10405:. Washington Government Printing Office. 10389: 10343: 10341: 10237: 9410:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. 9364:The Other Europe: Eastern Europe To 1945 9223: 9182: 9055:, Antony Grove Ltd, Great Britain, 2000 8979: 8929: 8764:Stepanov, Tsvetelin (October 21, 2019). 8763: 8670: 8333: 7840: 7736: 7614:. Blackwell Publishers. pp. 62, 63. 7215: 7203: 7179: 7138:An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors 7117: 7093: 7081: 7015:, Military Publishing House, 1982, p.39. 6934:, Social Science Monographs, 2001, p.52. 6727: 6283:. The New York Times (30 November 2009). 5815: 5253: 5238: 5052: 4992: 4981: 4806: 4786: 4635:give up Bessarabia and northern Bukovina 4603: 4595: 4539: 4435: 4343: 4209: 4162:. Romanians today celebrate this as the 4096: 3984: 3892: 3785: 3710:. In return, Romania ceded the district 3669: 3528: 3410: 3402: 3379: 3268: 3208: 2864: 2821: 2605: 2597: 2528: 2426: 2330:"Daoi" was frequently used according to 1993: 1888: 1842:, a distinctive Dacian weapon. Numerous 1788: 1695: 1619: 1601:, but the Romans were victorious in the 1573: 1507: 1370: 1367:A 19th century depiction of Dacian women 1362: 1334: 1306: 1282: 1230:; bottom: territories controlled by the 1217: 1177: 1011: 874: 720: 659:Following the war and occupation by the 588:from 1916. In the aftermath of the war, 14156: 14125: 14000:Statecraft: The Deeds of Antonio Carafa 13834: 13815: 13767: 13725: 13660:Parvan, Vasile; Florescu, Radu (1982). 13571: 13537: 13462: 13266: 13207:A vármegyék kialakulása Magyarországon 13179: 13170: 13105: 13022: 12879: 12858: 12578: 12467: 12069: 11969: 11946:"Teodor Melescanu implineste 70 de ani" 11676: 11176: 10417:Eastern Europe in the twentieth century 9804: 9566:. Hungarian Ethnic Lexicon Foundation. 9471:"Mihai Viteazul: itinerariul moldovean" 9386: 9005: 8871: 8815: 8701: 8591: 8548: 8506: 8449: 8425: 8413: 8374: 8327: 8321: 8309: 8297: 8260: 8224: 8197: 8130: 8081: 7971: 7956: 7932: 7917: 7886: 7763: 7609: 7513: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7438: 7375: 7288: 7263: 7251: 7227: 7134:(Assorted Imperial Battle Descriptions) 7105: 6159: 3071:warriors inflicted a defeat on a large 2271:, the original name of the Dacians was 1399:) says Mark Antony wrote that Augustus 16228: 13971: 13905: 13892: 13873: 13864: 13748:Romanians and Romania: A Brief History 13650: 13636: 13615: 13550: 13441: 13422: 13356: 13337: 13245: 13229:Hungarian History in the Ninth Century 13226: 13201: 13006:The history of Transylvania Until 1541 12979: 12928: 12807: 12783: 12761: 12750: 12655: 12638:Rome and the Mediterranean, 218-133 BC 12597: 12545: 12258: 12041: 11916: 11914: 11752: 11282:United Nations Treaty Series volume 49 11226:"The Armistice Agreement with Romania" 10880:Istoria românilor între anii 1918–1940 10808: 10515: 10503: 10182: 10145: 10106: 10069: 9900:, Berlin, 13 July 1878, archived from 9194: 9170: 8830: 8734:Curta, Florin; Kovalev, Roman (2008). 8600: 8485: 8315: 8209: 8172: 8136: 8069: 8057: 8033: 7944: 7828: 7816: 7787: 7414: 7402: 7387: 7351: 7339: 7327: 7239: 7052: 7050: 6955: 6953: 6750: 6712: 6573: 6279:John Noble Wilford (1 December 2009). 6234: 6160:Stoleru, Ciprian (13 September 2018). 6045:List of heads of government of Romania 5933:resigned because of the defeat of the 5855:—which eventually changed its name to 5664:, was appointed to head an ad interim/ 5500:resulted in more than 1,000 deaths in 5258:The Communist government fostered the 5248:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 4922: 4637:(the Soviets also annexed the city of 4468:World War II and aftermath (1940–1947) 3228: 2845:) built in 1212, is commonly known as 2776:is debatable. In 813 Khan Krum seized 2408: 1836:, with one inscription describing the 1736:(finance officer) had his seat, while 1461:) called Scorilo is also mentioned by 1339:One of the greatest existence of Dacia 766:. The earliest-known salt works is at 15852:History of current European countries 15824: 15277: 15251: 14523: 14509:History of Romania: Primary Documents 14058: 13785: 13776: 13518: 13384: 12839: 12693: 12616: 12494: 12132:. neovox.cortland.edu. Archived from 11653: 11365: 11307: 10898: 10846: 10777:The Slavonic and East European Review 10625:, Taylor & Francis, p. 162, 10338: 9795:, Transaction Publishers, 1982, p. 56 9263:"VLAD TEPES – The Historical Dracula" 8905:, vol. I, Bucharest, p. 114 8461: 8272: 8236: 8160: 8154: 8117: 7749:The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor 7580: 7550: 7303: 6913: 6911: 6326:. Central European University Press. 6228: 5895:In January 2012, Romania experienced 5541:Transition to free market (1990–2004) 4406:as prime minister of Romania's first 4232:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia 3982:with the Central Powers in May 1918. 3914:On 27 August 1916, the Romanian Army 1182:The legend map of Dacia at its zenith 656:and recovered Northern Transylvania. 15232: 14549: 14444:East European Politics and Societies 14082:I Balcani e l'Italia nella Preistori 13616:Parker, Henry Michael Denne (1958). 13521:Constantine and the Christian Empire 13027:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 12771:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 12522:. Romanian Academy Publishing House. 12283: 12206: 12088: 11831:East European Politics and Societies 11568: 11294:"CIA – The World Factbook – Romania" 11286: 11103:Deutscher, Stalin. 1967, p. 519 10453: 9403: 9188: 9066: 8651: 8629: 8106:Pliny (the Elder) & Rackham 1971 7776:The History of Theophylact Simocatta 6994:Hildegard Temporini, Wolfgang Haas, 6891:, page 124, Oxford University Press 6319: 5706:Party of Social Democracy in Romania 5550: 5462:adding citations to reliable sources 5429: 5209:adding citations to reliable sources 5180: 5017:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 4510:adding citations to reliable sources 4481: 4348:Romanian pavilion at EXPO Paris 1937 4187:, which was ratified in 1920 by the 2962:, occupied the steppes north of the 2577: 1775:Some scholars have used the lack of 1652:. With part of Dacia quelled as the 1637:, Decebalus once more sought terms. 1589:From AD 85 to 89, the Dacians under 815: 15785:History of the Mediterranean region 14376:Treptow, Kurt W., and Marcel Popa. 14297:Social Change in Romania, 1860–1940 14149:45 (2015): 76–88; covers 1885–1913 14140:Journal of Central European Affairs 13781:(in Romanian). Editura Stiintifica. 13744: 13367:Rome, the Greek World, and the East 13340:The Roman Empire and its Neighbours 12900: 12259:Besliu, Raluca (19 February 2012). 11911: 11694:"ROMANIA: THE POLITICAL BACKGROUND" 11236: 11187:O istorie sinceră a poporului român 10183:Becker, Jean-Jacques (2012-01-30). 10107:Becker, Jean-Jacques (2012-01-30). 10063: 9938:"The Road to Romanian Independence" 9936:Patterson, Michelle (August 1996), 9695:, Simon Publications, p. 102, 8985: 8708:The Other Europe in the Middle Ages 7874: 7541:(early Christian author AD 240–320) 7450: 7315: 7047: 6966: 6950: 5684:(FDSN), led by Ion Iliescu and the 5671: 5574:create a more balanced presentation 5386:grew, in conflict with Ceaușescu's 5130:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 5120:ended the war fighting against the 4870:occupied by the USSR a year earlier 4716:. Sima was a particularly virulent 4659:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 4647:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic 4410:. Around this time, Carol met with 4148:in 1920 through the never ratified 4136:In 1918, the union of Romania with 3652:Independence and Kingdom of Romania 2904:which emerged in the region of the 2793: 2401:who infiltrated from the west, and 2285:that had not yet been conquered by 2096:In 376 the region was conquered by 2059:River. Constantine took the title 1222:Top: territories controlled by the 13: 14394:(New Oxford World History) (2008). 14337:A History of the Balkans 1804–1945 14113: 14107:. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea. 13446:(illustrated ed.). ABC-Clio. 13427:. British Archaeological Reports. 13278:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 12400:"Changing of the guard in Romania" 12070:Dempsey, Judy (13 December 2004). 11988:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00156.x 11783:Romania, Human Rights Developments 11753:Bohlen, Celestine (15 June 1990), 11691: 11368:Romania: The Unfinished Revolution 10622:Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia 9835:. University of Washington Press. 9416:10.1093/oso/9780198789376.001.0001 9310:Rulers of Moldavia: Mushati family 7893:"Daci quoque suboles Getarum sunt" 6908: 5964: 5419: 5312:. This started the process of the 4951:, and what little was left of the 4478:Bombing of Romania in World War II 4045:Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia 3815:Austro-Hungarian Empire invoked a 3483:, was occupied in 1812 by Russia. 2993:to become the ancestors of modern 2665:'s death in 665, a large group of 2405:and related people from the east. 2206:as depicted on the late Roman map 2104:in 453. The Gepid tribe, ruled by 1998:Dacia during Constantine the Great 1624:The Dacian kingdom under Decebalus 1171:increased after they defeated the 14: 16252: 16241:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe 14485: 14370:(1958), major scholarly history; 13957:Revue des questions scientifiques 13790:(in German). Editura Stiintifica. 12908:. In de Laet, Sigfried J. (ed.). 11825:Gherghina, Sergiu (August 2019). 11657:Romania: The Political Background 11370:, London: Routledge, p. 18, 10550:Părean, ; Șerban (1997), p.103; ( 10483:Потери народонаселения в 20. веке 10397:United States Department of State 9731:Chalcraft, John (22 March 2016). 9477:(in Romanian) (5), archived from 9306: 8876:, vol. i, Paris, p. 168 6342:– via translate.google.com. 6298:. Antiquity.ac.uk. Archived from 6025:Bulgarian lands across the Danube 5925:was won by the then oppositional 5763:brought Iliescu's PDSR, known as 5596:After the fall of Ceaușescu, the 5374:Between 1977 and 1981, Romania's 5365:Palestine Liberation Organisation 4759:prison while awaiting trial (see 4374:National-Christian Defense League 4105:Before World War I, the union of 3431:reached its golden age under the 3095:control of the lands between the 3059:earlier plundering raids against 2622:, a nomadic people, arrived. The 2554:The origin and deeds of the Goths 2324:"Daoi" (singular Daos). The form 2100:, who kept it until the death of 1990:Constantinian reconquest of Dacia 1886:) were brought in from Dalmatia. 1536:. Duras' immediate successor was 705:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe 646:fighting against the Soviet Union 15770:Bibliography of European history 15365:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 15231: 14464:Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism 14378:Historical Dictionary of Romania 14022:Encyclopedia of European Peoples 13935:(in French). Belgium: Le Muséon. 13688:Petolescu, Constantin C (2000). 13212:. Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó. 12989:. Vol. 1. Cosimo Classics. 12600:A Dictionary of the Roman Empire 12579:Bunbury, Edward Herbert (1979). 12392: 12374: 12360: 12342: 12322: 12302: 12277: 12252: 12227: 12200: 12174: 12156: 12147: 12107: 12082: 12042:Shafir, Michael (8 April 2008). 12035: 12010: 11963: 11938: 11887: 11863: 11818: 11774: 11746: 11685: 11670: 11647: 11614: 11589: 11562: 11500: 11491: 11482: 11470: 11458: 11445: 11427: 11410: 11383: 11359: 11332: 11274: 11265: 11218: 11199: 11156: 11126: 11123:Romanian edition, August 1, 2008 11106: 11097: 11072: 11011: 10992: 10979: 10946: 10924: 10867: 10840: 10828: 10799: 10786: 10768: 10734: 10704: 10686: 10644: 10612: 10593: 10584: 10575: 10566: 10557: 10544: 10527: 10474: 10447: 10436: 10430: 10409: 10363: 10354: 10329: 10320: 10311: 10302: 10293: 10280: 10267: 10244:Torrie, Glenn E. (Spring 1978). 10228: 10215: 10176: 10139: 10100: 10060:(University of Jyväskylä, 2006). 10050: 10023: 10008: 9984: 9960: 9929: 9888: 9872: 9855: 9798: 9757: 9751: 9724: 9708: 9682: 9661: 9647: 9612: 9563:Encyclopaedia Hungarica: English 9550: 9518: 9485: 9469:Rezachevici, Constantin (2000), 9462: 9432: 9397: 9380: 9354: 9316: 9300: 9280: 9229: 9150: 9139: 9128: 9099: 9073:Journal of International Affairs 9060: 9045: 9030: 8990:. eliznik.org.uk. Archived from 8923: 8894: 8865: 8853:Constantine VII, Porphyrogenitus 8845: 8836: 8788: 8757: 8727: 8695: 8664: 8645: 8623: 8562: 8542: 8524: 8491: 8290: 8123: 7769: 7742: 7709: 7700: 7691: 7662: 7652: 7060:, Routledge, London, 1992, p.138 6889:A dictionary of the Roman Empire 6359:The Ancient History of Herodotus 6133: 6117: 6082: 6070:Territorial evolution of Romania 5918:by a landslide victory in 2019. 5618:Romanian Social Democratic Party 5555: 5434: 5185: 4486: 4380:. In 1935, LANC merged with the 4011:recognized Romania's union with 3459:was consolidated, and Hungarian 3439:from 1613 to 1629. In 1690, the 3329:in Wallachia. At that time, the 2634:and their Slavic subjects ruled 2584:Romania in the Early Middle Ages 1316:Roman cities in the province of 1244:(Boerebista), a contemporary of 1116:in 106 AD, conquered by Emperor 951:during his campaign against the 820: 648:until August 1944, when it 509: 42: 15795:History of Western civilization 15398:Christianity in the Middle Ages 12882:Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome 12793:. University of Chicago Press. 12531:. Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. 12501:. Romanian Cultural Institute. 12461:Pliny Natural History, Volume 2 12048:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 11970:Popescu, Liliana (April 1997). 10149:Brief Romanian Military History 10073:Brief Romanian Military History 9236:Schoolfield, George C. (2004), 9040:, Safety Harbor, Florida, 1996 8285:Nixon & Saylor Rodgers 1995 7635: 7618: 7603: 7586: 7544: 7531: 7269: 7034: 7018: 7005: 6988: 6979: 6937: 6924: 6881: 6868: 6847: 6834: 6765: 6756: 6654: 6645: 6635: 6626: 6612: 6579: 6558: 6549: 6540: 6530: 6520: 6511: 6502: 6457: 6440: 6431: 6414: 6402: 6393: 5704:. The FDSN changed its name to 5196:needs additional citations for 5161:dissolution of the Soviet Union 4571:Polish Armed Forces in the West 4560:in order to be able to use the 4497:needs additional citations for 3782:Romanian Campaign (World War I) 3722:status was raised to that of a 3200:verus christianae fidei athleta 2810:Transylvania in the Middle Ages 1453:and the independently attested 1108:between c. 69 AD to 87 AD, and 15639:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 15582:Christianity in the modern era 15353:Christianity in late antiquity 14387:(U of California Press, 1991). 14287:The golden age in Transylvania 14252:——— (2014). 14243:——— (1996). 14080:Zambotti, Pia Laviosa (1954). 13951:Van Den Gheyn, Joseph (1886). 13799:History of Romania: Compendium 13575:History of Romania: Compendium 13231:. Szegedi Középkorász Muhely. 12527:Astarita, Maria Laura (1983). 12498:History of Romania: compendium 11803:Baleanu, V G. (January 1995). 11271:Third Axis Fourth Ally, p. 214 11002:Romania : a country study 10746:, World War I Document Archive 10402:Texts of the Roumanian "Peace" 10253:Emporia State Research Studies 9881:San Stefano Preliminary Treaty 9737:. Cambridge University Press. 9530:History of East Central Europe 9265:. donlinke.com. Archived from 8872:Xenopol, Alexandru D. (1896), 7993:Parvan, Vulpe & Vulpe 2002 6381: 6372: 6346: 6313: 6287: 6272: 6179: 6153: 6055:List of wars involving Romania 5404:(secret police) and imposed a 4643:small part of the Soviet Union 4166:, that is a national holiday. 3966:were killed at the end of the 3775: 3536:, retreat of Romanian monarchs 3152:against Ottoman expansionism. 3016:, to occupy Transylvania. The 2646:were under the control of the 2561:. Another important deity was 2166:Getae § Getae and Dacians 1863:, and another 2% (c. 60) were 1547:The Roman governor of Moesia, 1493:. The invasion was ill-timed. 1135:(82–44 BC) stretched from the 1: 15790:History of the European Union 13818:The Dacian threat, 101–106 AD 13385:Minns, Ellis Hovell (2011) . 13342:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 13248:Early Transylvania (895–1324) 13187:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. 13154:(in French). New York: Arno. 13070:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 12862:A Companion to the Roman Army 12647:Chakraberty, Chandra (1948). 10882:(in Romanian). Archived from 10853:. Routledge. pp. 92–93. 10743:Text of the Treaty of Trianon 10619:Bernard Anthony Cook (2001), 10036:. Routledge. pp. 107–9. 9498:. Social Science Monographs. 9367:, Syracuse University Press, 8658:History of Transylvania: II.4 8654:"The Period of the Avar Rule" 8636:History of Transylvania: II.3 8571:Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae 7906:Crossland & Boardman 1982 7427:Dana & Matei-Popescu 2009 7277:A History of Rome to A.D. 565 7031:Publishing House, 1979, p.75. 6921:, Routledge, 7 Aug 2007, p49. 6477:. In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). 6320:Boia, Lucian (January 2001). 6146: 6050:List of presidents of Romania 6030:Historical regions of Romania 5694:Romanian National Unity Party 5547:History of Romania since 1989 5306:constitution of 13 April 1948 5177:Socialist Republic of Romania 5132:, from August 1944 until the 3700:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 3453:Rákóczi's War of Independence 3251:Wallachian Revolution of 1848 3239:National awakening of Romania 2346:(Vopiscus and inscriptions). 2008:Constantine's Bridge (Danube) 1703:, between 106 and 271 AD 1092:between c. 40 BC and c.9 BC, 936: 690: 349:Socialist Republic of Romania 14418:Hitchins, Keith. "Romania." 14392:The Balkans in World History 14327:A Concise history of Romania 14254:A Concise History of Romania 14059:White, David Gordon (1991). 14040:Westropp, Hodder M. (2003). 13933:Les Restes de la langue dace 13551:Oltean, Ioana Adina (2007). 13502:. University of California. 13087:The Roman World 44 BC–AD 180 13066:Goldsworthy, Adrian (2004). 12660:. University of California. 12621:. Indiana University Press. 11247:"Sărbătoarea Armatei Române" 9760:"Romanian history the DACIA" 9404:Roșu, Felicia (2018-01-18). 9361:Garrison Walters, E (1988), 9323:Orthodox Church in America, 9015:. gather.com. Archived from 7843:, Praef. 4/14-15, quoted in 6473:Theodossiev, Nikola (2010). 6207:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.08.003 5983:List of Transylvanian rulers 5625:University Square, Bucharest 5620:(PSDR), were reconstituted. 5359:. Romania's close ties with 5171:Communist period (1947–1989) 4692:. On 7 September, under the 4224:1923 Constitution of Romania 4140:was ratified in 1919 in the 3890:from Bulgaria in the south. 3658:Romanian War of Independence 3601:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 3475:and was incorporated to the 3455:in 1711 Habsburg control of 3429:Principality of Transylvania 3393:Principality of Transylvania 3291:Principality of Transylvania 3247:Moldavian Revolution of 1848 3166:) is thought to be the best 2814:Wallachia in the Middle Ages 2764:to the north of present-day 2657:After the disintegration of 2356:Δάσαι Δάοι, Δάαι, Δαι, Δάσαι 1972:Breviarium historiae Romanae 1830:II Augusta Dacorum milliaria 1802:Vexillation Dacorum Parthica 1682:to commemorate his victory. 1167:, the Dacians' power in the 845:Knowledge's inclusion policy 203:Principality of Transylvania 7: 15749:Russian invasion of Ukraine 15360:Crisis of the Third Century 14317:Moscovici, Claudia (2012). 14184:Fischer-Galați, Stephen A. 13940:Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1893). 13931:Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1883). 13768:Roesler, Robert E. (1864). 13707:Petrucci, Peter R. (1999). 13023:Goffart, Walter A. (2006). 12619:A History of the Ostrogoths 12463:. Harvard University Press. 11827:"Hijacked Direct Democracy" 11339:Rîjnoveanu, Carmen (2003), 9942:Canadian Journal of History 9492:Béla Köpeczi (2008-07-09). 9387:Köpeczi, Béla, ed. (2001), 8901:Ștefănescu, Ștefan (1991), 8702:Fiedler, Uwe (2008-01-01). 8632:"The Kingdom of the Gepids" 7983:Garašanin, Benac (1973) 243 7044:, Routledge, 2007, p.49-50. 6959:Bărbulescu, Mihai, et al, 6829:Goodman & Sherwood 2002 6667:, Oxford University Press, 6060:Military history of Romania 6013: 5879:increasingly large diaspora 5857:Romanian Conservative Party 5822:2017–2019 Romanian protests 5812:2017–2019 Romanian protests 5756:as head of the government. 5085:. Their main objective was 5081:while advancing toward the 5048:Romanian People's Tribunals 4888:, which would also include 4474:Romania during World War II 4392:domination of the economy. 4329:was also present in Romania 4226:; they were represented in 4087:Greater Romania (1918–1940) 4075:, and the base camp in the 3828:King Ferdinand I of Romania 3747:Treaty of Bucharest of 1913 3634:uniting both principalities 3554:Wallachian uprising of 1821 3087:was pushed back behind the 3051:to invade the lands of the 3028:. The "land of Romanians" ( 2806:Moldavia in the Middle Ages 2780:and plundered the whole of 2772:, though its possession of 2713:river or possibly just the 2464:(Greek: Καρποδάκαι, Latin: 2049:Castra of Tirighina-Bărboși 1727:Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa 1661:invaded the Parthian empire 1650:Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa 1100:between c. 30 AD and 70 AD 739:Remains of 34,950-year-old 10: 16257: 15805:Military history of Europe 15800:Maritime history of Europe 14826:Chief of the General Staff 14516:(with many archive images) 14420:American Historical Review 14117: 13979:Dacians, Romans, Romanians 13726:Poghirc, Cicerone (1989). 12516:Armbruster, Adolf (1972). 12419: 12414: 12284:Bran, Mirel (2012-01-24). 11679:Transitions World Politics 11366:Roper, Stephen D. (2000), 11317:. ed-u.com. Archived from 10189:A Companion to World War I 10113:A Companion to World War I 9805:Bobango, Gerald J (1979), 9439:Gábor Almási, ed. (2014). 8656:, in Köpeczi, Béla (ed.), 8634:, in Köpeczi, Béla (ed.), 8402:Parvan & Florescu 1982 8149:Parvan & Florescu 1982 7889:, p. 730: Strabo and 7131:"De Imperatoribus Romanis" 6195:Journal of Human Evolution 6103: 6094: 6007:Prime ministers of Romania 5923:the parliamentary election 5868:Associated State of the EU 5797: 5780:Justice and Truth Alliance 5690:With parliamentary support 5544: 5423: 5174: 4907:in the winter of 1942–43. 4583:Polish government-in-exile 4471: 4440:Kingdom of Romania in 1939 4090: 3779: 3655: 3363:flourished in the region. 3254: 3232: 3190:, for which he raised the 3176:unique architectural style 2891:Bulgaria across the Danube 2803: 2800:Romania in the Middle Ages 2797: 2787:Bulgaria across the Danube 2591: 2581: 2496: 2479:The main view is that the 2439:. Early second century AD. 2412: 2355: 2326: 2320: 2298: 2273: 2170:The Dacians were known as 2163: 2120:in 791. At the same time, 1828:in Roman Britain, and the 1689: 789: 764:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture 697:Prehistory of Transylvania 694: 258:1848 Wallachian Revolution 77:Prehistory of Transylvania 62:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture 16207: 16159: 16121: 15858: 15775:Genetic history of Europe 15757: 15562: 15378: 15318: 15285: 15199: 15105: 15010: 15001: 14874: 14865: 14769: 14760: 14678: 14669: 14574: 14561: 14406:Historiography and memory 14351:History of the Roumanians 14186:Twentieth century Rumania 14063:. University of Chicago. 13835:Schütte, Gudmund (1917). 13820:. Armidale, NSW: Caeros. 13816:Schmitz, Michael (2005). 13595:Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela 13364:; Rogers, Guy M. (eds.). 13319:Matyszak, Philip (2004). 13296:MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan 13148:Jeanmaire, Henri (1975). 12929:Găzdac, Cristian (2010). 12880:Everitt, Anthony (2010). 12823:De Zalmoxis à Gengis-Khan 12617:Burns, Thomas S. (1991). 12551:Buridava dacica, Volume 1 12487: 12481:] (in Ancient Greek). 12440:] (in Ancient Greek). 12044:"Profile: Adrian Nastase" 11976:Government and Opposition 11871:"CONSTITUTION OF ROMANIA" 11435:Cartea albă a Securității 10794:Journal of Modern History 10607:. Bucharest: Editura All. 10371:"Article X of the Treaty" 9717:The Magyarization Process 9541:Paul Lendvai, Ann Major. 9242:, Yale University Press, 8930:Predescu, Lucian (1940), 7025:Romania: Pages of History 6789:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6241:Evolutionary Anthropology 5971:List of Wallachian rulers 5682:Democratic National Front 5281:Romania was proclaimed a 5040:Allied Control Commission 4793:administered Transnistria 4739:. Carol and his mistress 4657:) was apportioned to the 4101:Great Romania (1920–1940) 3860:military training mission 3745:against Bulgaria. In the 3737:, Romania joined Greece, 3385:Principality of Wallachia 3287:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 3261:Early Modern Transylvania 3206:during the 16th century. 3194:. For this victory, Pope 2257:By contrast, the name of 253:1848 Moldavian Revolution 14853:Unification with Moldova 14774:Administrative divisions 14422:97.4 (1992): 1064–1083. 14390:Wachtel, Andrew Baruch. 14245:The Romanians, 1774–1866 14126:Abraham, Florin (2016). 14044:. Kessinger Publishing. 13906:Taylor, Timothy (2001). 13878:. Koninklijke Brill NV. 13786:Russu, I. Iosif (1969). 13777:Russu, I. Iosif (1967). 13745:Pop, Ioan Aurel (1999). 13673:. Editura 100+1 Gramar. 13408:. Universal Publishers. 13404:Mountain, Harry (1998). 13171:Kephart, Calvin (1949). 12961:The Romanians: a history 12656:Clarke, John R. (2003). 12598:Bunson, Matthew (1995). 11843:10.1177/0888325418800553 11451:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, 11063:Country Studies: Romania 10481:Erlikman, Vadim (2004). 10275:Out of My Life, Vol. I, 10261:Emporia State University 10187:. In Horne, John (ed.). 10111:. In Horne, John (ed.). 9609:. Retrieved July 7, 2009 9593:. Retrieved July 7, 2009 9067:VÁLI, FERENC A. (1966). 8903:Istoria medie a României 8601:Teodor, Dan Gh. (1995), 8363:Waldman & Mason 2006 8304:Waldman & Mason 2006 8186:Waldman & Mason 2006 8167:Waldman & Mason 2006 6762:Barry Cunliffe (1987)142 6619:De Imperatoribus Romanis 6075: 5977:List of Moldavian rulers 5598:National Salvation Front 5535:National Salvation Front 5343:—Romania being the only 5337:Soviet-led 1968 invasion 5314:Romanian Communist Party 5144:armies took part in the 5134:end of the war in Europe 5113:itself on 21 September. 4929:Jassy–Kishinev Offensive 4898:Transnistria Governorate 4733:National Legionary State 4558:Polish-Romanian Alliance 4386:National Christian Party 4285:National Peasants' Party 4199:. Romania also acquired 4169:The Romanian expression 4051:in cooperation with the 3688:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 3389:Principality of Moldavia 3351:was the first decree of 2489:Based on the account of 2334:. Latins used the forms 2142:Theophanes the Confessor 2047:passed to the north of 1686:Roman Dacia (106–275 AD) 1433:Cotiso was succeeded by 1096:between 9 BC and 30 AD, 918:river and West Banat in 785: 735:(c. 5250 – 4550 BC) 161:Voivodeship of Maramureș 146:Banat in the Middle Ages 15780:History of Christianity 14025:. Infobase Publishing. 13893:Stoica, Vasile (1919). 13874:Spinei, Victor (2009). 13865:Spinei, Victor (1986). 13651:Pârvan, Vasile (1928). 13599:The Grammar of Romanian 13519:Odahl, Charles (2003). 13406:The Celtic Encyclopedia 13338:Millar, Fergus (1970). 13323:. Thames & Hudson. 13301:The Dacian Stones Speak 13106:Heather, Peter (2010). 13048:The Complete Roman Army 12558:Bertényi, Iván (1989). 11515:East European Quarterly 10930:Michael Alfred Peszke. 10601:Giurescu, Constantin C. 10457:History of Transylvania 10030:David Aberbach (2012). 9972:sourcebooks.fordham.edu 9607:Encyclopædia Britannica 9591:Encyclopædia Britannica 9195:Makkai, László (2001). 7610:Heather, Peter (1996). 6887:Matthew Bunson (1995): 6699:Encyclopædia Britannica 6020:Balkan–Danubian culture 5853:Romanian Humanist Party 5849:Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu 5765:Social Democratic Party 5713:Social Democratic Party 5302:Romanian Workers' Party 5042:would have its seat in 5000:operations against the 4795:, the area between the 4567:National Bank of Poland 4458:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 4424:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 4382:National Agrarian Party 4294:Upon the death of King 4142:Treaty of Saint Germain 4003:Under the terms of the 3804:King Carol I of Romania 3696:Prince Carol of Romania 3293:emerged in 1570 by the 3139:Romanian historiography 3067:and his army of mainly 3055:in retaliation for the 2588:Origin of the Romanians 2198:documents, but also as 2159: 1844:Roman military diplomas 1642:siege of Sarmizegethusa 1104:in the 1st century AD, 1080:in the 1st century BC, 1076:in the 1st century BC, 1072:in the 1st century BC, 1068:in the 1st century BC, 1064:in the 2nd century BC, 1044:in the 3rd century BC, 1040:in the 3rd century BC, 1032:in the 5th century BC, 618:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 558:Danubian Principalities 315:Union with Transylvania 223:Danubian Principalities 156:Second Bulgarian Empire 141:History of Transylvania 114:Origin of the Romanians 15901:Bosnia and Herzegovina 15604:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 14959:Science and technology 14453:66#3, (2007): 413–441 14439:. (1996) 5#2 pp 23–42. 14368:The Balkans Since 1453 14353:(Cambridge UP, 1934). 14349:Seton-Watson, R. W. A 14335:Pavlowitch, Stevan K. 14280:History of the Balkans 14002:. Peter Lang Pub Inc. 13846:Southern, Pat (2001). 13770:Das vorromische Dacien 13730:. Brill Academic Pub. 13622:. Methuen Publishing. 13469:Archaeologia Austriaca 13423:Mulvin, Lynda (2002). 13246:Kristó, Gyula (2003). 13227:Kristó, Gyula (1996). 12884:. Random House Trade. 12859:Erdkamp, Paul (2010). 12564:. Kossuth Könyvkiadó. 11207:The division of Europe 11185:Constantiniu, Florin, 10953:Țiu, Ilarion. (2010). 10825:Country study: Romania 10454:Béla, Köpeczi (1998). 10146:Hentea, Călin (2007). 10070:Hentea, Călin (2007). 9292:, 2006, archived from 8932:Enciclopedia Cugetarea 8800:macedonia.kroraina.com 8740:. Brill. p. 104. 8318:, pp. 184 and 188 7858:Herodotus & 440 BC 7070:Vico & Pinton 2001 5935:National Liberal Party 5825: 5808:2012 Romanian protests 5752:, eventually replaced 5614:National Liberal Party 5351:with Israel after the 5294:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 5263: 5251: 5058: 5004: 4990: 4880:territory between the 4819: 4804: 4626: 4601: 4577:during 1939 and 1940. 4554:Second Polish Republic 4549: 4441: 4365:National Liberal Party 4349: 4336:and the strike in the 4273:National Liberal Party 4248:Hungarian–Romanian War 4215: 4185:Old Kingdom of Romania 4102: 4069:Hungarian-Romanian War 4001: 3991: 3912: 3898: 3791: 3675: 3537: 3424: 3415:The Principalities of 3408: 3400: 3345:Prince of Transylvania 3327:Constantin Brâncoveanu 3274: 3265:Early Modern Wallachia 3214: 3213:Europe in 14th century 3163: 2910:Pliska-Preslav culture 2902:archaeological culture 2870: 2862: 2842: 2834: 2699:First Bulgarian Empire 2685:annually attacked the 2648:First Bulgarian Empire 2611: 2610:First Bulgarian Empire 2603: 2538: 2440: 2292:The ethnographic name 1999: 1897: 1834:cohort I Aelia Dacorum 1826:cohort I Aelia Dacorum 1816:. Others included the 1810:cohort I Ulpia Dacorum 1808:expedition, while the 1797: 1770:Marcus Statius Priscus 1704: 1659:. Trajan subsequently 1625: 1586: 1517: 1380: 1368: 1340: 1333: 1312: 1288: 1238: 1183: 1017: 1010: 998:Hercynian Black Forest 971: 891: 736: 576:, after declaring its 151:First Bulgarian Empire 15684:Industrial Revolution 14743:Territorial evolution 14626:United Principalities 14437:Romanian Civilization 14372:online free to borrow 14299:(California UP, 1978) 14295:Jowitt, Kenneth, ed. 14118:Further information: 13772:. Academy, Wien, XLV. 13250:. Budapest: Lucidus. 12495:Andea, Susan (2006). 10796:43.3 (1971): 468–482. 10273:Paul von Hindenburg, 9809:, New York: Boulder, 9791:Juliana Geran Pilon, 9631:10.1163/9789004335448 9603:"Diploma Leopoldinum" 9289:Count Dracul's Legend 8874:Histoire des Roumains 8652:Bóna, István (2001), 8630:Bóna, Istvan (2001), 7751:(258.10–21.), p. 381. 7275:Sinnegen & Boak. 6235:Zilhão, João (2006), 6125:The Classical Journal 6110:προποδιλα Latin Daci 6001:Presidents of Romania 5847:The then PNL leader, 5819: 5731:Democratic Convention 5708:(PDSR) in July 1993. 5698:Greater Romania Party 5692:from the nationalist 5257: 5242: 5091:Second Hungarian Army 5056: 4996: 4985: 4941:Manfred von Killinger 4813:the holy war against 4810: 4790: 4678:Northern Transylvania 4607: 4599: 4591:Third French Republic 4543: 4439: 4347: 4213: 4155:Proclamation of Union 4100: 3996: 3988: 3927:. As a result of the 3907: 3896: 3789: 3718:. In 1881, Romania's 3673: 3666:United Principalities 3575:The aftermath of the 3540:In 1848, there was a 3532: 3519:Romanian constitution 3461:Transylvanian princes 3443:gained possession of 3414: 3406: 3395:in personal union of 3383: 3272: 3257:Early Modern Moldavia 3212: 3107:was founded in 1346. 3049:Count of the Székelys 2997:or whether the first 2960:Central Asian steppes 2868: 2825: 2818:Founding of Wallachia 2609: 2601: 2532: 2452:"stone" and Sanskrit 2448:- "cut" cf. Albanian 2430: 2342:, and a derived form 2138:Theophylact Simocatta 2134:"torna, torna fratre" 2041:Castra of Pietroasele 2004:Constantine the Great 1997: 1965:Constantine the Great 1892: 1792: 1699: 1623: 1577: 1511: 1487:Year of Four Emperors 1374: 1366: 1338: 1322: 1310: 1286: 1221: 1190:. Conflicts with the 1181: 1015: 1000:(for the land of the 982: 957: 943:were defeated by the 878: 804:Domitian's Dacian War 792:Celts in Transylvania 724: 701:Bronze Age in Romania 630:Northern Transylvania 305:Union with Bessarabia 268:United Principalities 166:Founding of Wallachia 72:Bronze Age in Romania 15739:European debt crisis 15734:European integration 15674:Age of Enlightenment 15514:Republic of Florence 15187:World Heritage Sites 14460:Weinbaum, Laurence. 14383:Verdery, Katherine. 14325:Oțetea, Andrei, ed. 14061:Myths of the Dog-Man 13664:. Editura Meridiane. 13442:Murray, Tim (2001). 12553:. Editura Academiei. 11926:www.wilsoncenter.org 11742:on November 5, 2012. 11205:European Navigator: 10847:Henig, Ruth (2013). 10563:Șerban (2003), p.153 10286:Michael B. Barrett, 10193:Blackwell Publishing 10117:Blackwell Publishing 9992:"kingdom of romania" 9950:10.3138/cjh.31.2.329 9351:Spinei 2009, p. 269. 8157:, pp. 26 and 27 7778:(ii. 15.10.), p. 65. 7725:Pană Dindelegan 2013 7058:The Emperor Domitian 7011:Constantin Olteanu, 6040:List of Dacian kings 5989:Domnitori of Romania 5912:President of Romania 5721:Alliance for Romania 5458:improve this section 5349:diplomatic relations 5205:improve this article 5153:1947 Treaty of Paris 4933:Michael I of Romania 4905:Battle of Stalingrad 4894:fall in October 1941 4849:Romanian Fourth Army 4731:united to form the " 4506:improve this article 4252:Tatarbunary Uprising 4236:1930 Romanian Census 4197:Treaty of Versailles 3753:and established the 3597:Second French Empire 3507:Treaty of Adrianople 3451:. After the failure 3347:. His 1568 Edict of 3300:By 1541, the entire 3243:Regulamentul Organic 3235:Early Modern Romania 3184:World Heritage Sites 3113:Vlad III the Impaler 2724:to the west and the 2703:Carpathian mountains 2677:to the north of the 2435:, after original in 2332:Stephan of Byzantium 2209:Tabula Peutingeriana 1924:, the Roman emperor 1855:, 2.3% (c. 70) were 1778:civitates peregrinae 1379:, mid 1st century BC 1052:also around 200 BC, 1024:in the 4th century. 808:Trajan's Dacian Wars 770:near the village of 673:1989 Revolution 667:and a member of the 444:By historical region 243:Transylvanian School 171:Founding of Moldavia 16122:States with limited 15704:Revolutions of 1848 15634:Early modern France 15415:Anglo-Saxon England 15320:Classical antiquity 14596:Prehistoric Romania 14446:17 (2003), 415–453. 14415:(Indiana UP, 2009). 14311:Southeastern Europe 14306:(Indiana UP, (1982) 14278:Jelavich, Barbara. 14084:(in Italian). Como. 13043:Goldsworthy, Adrian 12910:History of Humanity 12753:Mnema Vladimír Groh 12454:(in Ancient Greek). 12388:. 25 November 2021. 12370:. 19 December 2020. 12338:. 24 November 2019. 12318:. 16 November 2014. 12213:. OECD Publishing. 12190:, 26 September 2006 11692:Thomas, Carothers. 11654:Carothers, Thomas, 11551:. countrystudies.us 11530:. countrystudies.us 11506:Johanna Granville, 11232:on August 20, 2016. 11068:Library of Congress 10985:Vladimir Solonari, 10936:, McFarland, 2005, 10700:on January 8, 2010. 10460:. Akadémiai Kiadó. 10419:, Routledge, 1994, 9720:, GenealogyRO Group 9123:Magyar nyelvjárások 8464:, pp. 99, 116. 8239:, pp. 114–115. 7841:Appian & 165 AD 7790:, pp. 206–207. 7429:, pp. 234–235. 7306:, pp. 220–237. 6878:, Putnam, 1972, p.5 6114:"Dacians propodila" 6065:Politics of Romania 5884:In 2009, President 5866:(EU). It became an 5727:Emil Constantinescu 5719:(PD), and the ApR ( 5517:tried and convicted 5498:Romanian Revolution 5426:Romanian Revolution 5410:Romanian Revolution 5406:cult of personality 5266:In Romania proper, 5165:Republic of Moldova 5136:. In May 1945, the 5030:on how to split up 4923:King Michael's Coup 4892:after its eventual 4874:Second Vienna Award 4845:Romanian Third Army 4666:Second Vienna Award 4562:Romanian Bridgehead 4218:As a result of the 4053:Czechoslovak Legion 4005:Treaty of Bucharest 3980:Treaty of Bucharest 3968:Battle of Mărășești 3962:and German General 3960:Ecaterina Teodoroiu 3929:Battle of Bucharest 3903:Paul von Hindenburg 3800:Kingdom of Bulgaria 3690:. He was appointed 3626:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 3371:Prince of Wallachia 3229:Early modern period 3097:Eastern Carpathians 2935:around 1310 in the 2717:river to the east. 2409:Carpi and Costoboci 2216:who first used the 2002:In 328 the emperor 1903:Origin of Romanians 1895:Arch of Constantine 1580:Arch of Constantine 1298:Sarmizegetusa Regia 902:, were a branch of 889:Sarmizegetusa Regia 663:, Romania became a 622:Second Vienna Award 612:became part of the 410:Historical timeline 310:Union with Bukovina 278:War of Independence 16236:History of Romania 15810:Crusading movement 15714:Russian Revolution 15549:Hundred Years' War 15445:Maritime republics 15348:Early Christianity 15338:Hellenistic period 15295:Paleolithic Europe 14979:Telecommunications 14894:Foreign investment 14713:Historical regions 14497:2021-10-26 at the 14471:2021-03-14 at the 14466:No. 45 (June 2006) 14432:(Cornell UP, 1995) 14428:Livezeanu, Irina. 14342:Roberts, Henry L. 14339:(Routledge, 2014). 14313:38.1 (2014): 1–24. 14235:Rumania, 1866–1947 14216:(Greenwood, 1975). 14209:20.4 (2004): 1–19. 13151:Couroi et courètes 12840:Ellis, L. (1998). 12560:Nagy Lajos király 12356:. 7 December 2020. 12076:The New York Times 11899:www.britannica.com 11759:The New York Times 11627:The New York Times 11569:Deletant, Dennis, 11455:, 30 November 1961 11262:, October 25, 2007 11252:2013-06-16 at the 11212:2007-09-27 at the 11170:The New York Times 11143:2016-02-28 at the 10911:2007-03-18 at the 10443:. Akadémiai Kiadó. 9884:(in Russian), 1878 8507:Strabo & 20 AD 8022:Van Den Gheyn 1886 7972:Strabo & 20 AD 7672:, 2004. Hardcover 7151:praetorian prefect 6576:, p. 139-140. 6253:10.1002/evan.20110 5952:In November 2021, 5921:In December 2020, 5826: 5784:Conservative Party 5396:austerity policies 5264: 5252: 5128:, Austria and the 5095:Eighth German Army 5059: 5005: 4991: 4820: 4805: 4674:Kingdom of Hungary 4627: 4602: 4573:in France and the 4550: 4442: 4408:Fascist government 4350: 4298:in 1927, his son, 4268:defensive alliance 4216: 4103: 3992: 3972:October Revolution 3964:Karl von Wenninger 3916:launched an attack 3899: 3792: 3676: 3662:Kingdom of Romania 3546:Tudor Vladimirescu 3538: 3425: 3409: 3401: 3275: 3215: 3178:and are listed in 3041:Louis I of Hungary 2871: 2863: 2612: 2604: 2539: 2441: 2388:David Gordon White 2129:Hellenic chronicle 2031:line supported by 2000: 1898: 1893:Tarabostes on the 1859:, 2% (c. 60) were 1818:II Aurelia Dacorum 1798: 1705: 1626: 1587: 1518: 1381: 1369: 1341: 1313: 1289: 1239: 1184: 1131:The Dacia of King 1084:between 82–44 BC, 1018: 929:in Book IV of his 892: 758:The Neolithic-Age 737: 677:began a transition 665:socialist republic 614:Kingdom of Romania 584:together with the 516:Romania portal 381:Romania since 1989 292:Kingdom of Romania 236:National Awakening 208:Eyalet of Temesvar 190:Early Modern Times 16223: 16222: 15818: 15817: 15744:COVID-19 pandemic 15689:French Revolution 15664:Habsburg monarchy 15644:Cossack Hetmanate 15624:Portuguese Empire 15614:Absolute monarchy 15609:Thirty Years' War 15504:Holy Roman Empire 15429:Bulgarian Empire 15388:Early Middle Ages 15305:Bronze Age Europe 15279:History of Europe 15245: 15244: 15195: 15194: 14997: 14996: 14861: 14860: 14838:Political parties 14789:Foreign relations 14756: 14755: 14651:Communist Romania 14611:Early Middle Ages 14366:Stavrianos, L.S. 14263:978-0-521-87238-6 14219:Hall, Richard C. 14070:978-0-226-89509-3 14051:978-0-766-17733-8 14009:978-0-8204-6828-0 13990:978-1-882785-13-1 13942:Die alten Thraker 13923:978-0-306-46258-0 13885:978-90-04-17536-5 13857:978-0-203-45159-5 13827:978-0-975-84450-2 13808:978-973-7784-12-4 13758:978-0-88033-440-2 13737:978-9-004-08864-1 13718:978-3-89586-599-2 13711:. LINCOM EUROPA. 13699:978-9-734-50182-3 13692:. Enciclopedica. 13680:978-9-735-91361-8 13629:978-0-416-43690-7 13608:978-0-19-964492-6 13584:978-973-7784-12-4 13564:978-0-415-41252-0 13509:978-0-520-08326-4 13482:978-3-700-54420-3 13453:978-1-57607-198-4 13434:978-1-841-71444-8 13415:978-1-58112-890-1 13396:978-1-108-02487-7 13362:Cotton, Hannah M. 13311:978-0-8078-4939-2 13238:978-963-482-113-7 13219:978-963-14-1189-8 13194:978-963-05-6703-9 13161:978-0-405-07001-3 13138:978-1-895571-19-6 13117:978-0-199-73560-0 13096:978-0-203-40861-2 13058:978-0-500-05124-5 13034:978-0-812-23939-3 13015:978-9-737-78400-1 12996:978-1-605-20120-7 12972:978-0-8142-0511-2 12942:978-606-543-040-2 12919:978-9-231-02812-0 12891:978-0-812-97814-8 12872:978-1-4443-3921-5 12851:978-0-415-19809-7 12832:978-9-732-80554-1 12800:978-0-226-20385-0 12686:978-0-521-22496-3 12667:978-0-520-21976-2 12628:978-0-253-20600-8 12609:978-0-195-10233-8 12590:978-9-070-26511-3 12508:978-973-7784-12-4 12220:978-92-64-88012-2 11391:Cioroianu, Adrian 11259:Jurnalul Național 11173:, August 24, 1944 11150:Curierul Național 10964:978-0-88033-659-8 10886:on 2 October 2011 10860:978-1-134-31987-9 10780:(2007): 105–134. 10712:Codrul Cosminului 10605:Istoria Românilor 10496:978-5-93165-107-1 10467:978-84-8371-020-3 10425:978-0-415-05346-4 10221:Marcel Mitrasca, 10202:978-1-4051-2386-0 10163:978-0-8108-5820-6 10126:978-1-4051-2386-0 10087:978-0-8108-5820-6 10056:Satu Matikainen, 10043:978-1-136-15895-7 9956:on March 24, 2008 9842:978-0-295-80360-9 9816:978-0-914710-51-6 9744:978-1-107-00750-5 9640:978-90-04-33544-8 9573:978-1-55383-178-5 9505:978-0-88033-491-4 9481:on April 16, 2009 9455:978-1-4438-6686-6 9425:978-0-19-878937-6 9374:978-0-8156-2440-0 9307:Marek, Miroslav, 9173:, pp. 96–97. 8781:978-90-04-40993-4 8747:978-90-04-16389-8 8684:978-0-472-08149-3 7647:978-973-8966-70-3 7630:978-0-674-16531-1 7598:978-973-8966-70-3 7330:, pp. 12–19. 7040:Ioana A. Oltean, 7000:Walter de Gruyter 6917:Ioana A. Oltean, 6681:978-0-19-814936-1 6488:978-0-19-517072-6 6333:978-963-386-004-5 6090:De Materia Medica 5897:national protests 5840:PNL-PD candidate 5594: 5593: 5572:. Please help to 5564:This section may 5494: 5493: 5486: 5329:Nicolae Ceaușescu 5325:Nikita Khrushchev 5283:people's republic 5276:people's republic 5268:Soviet occupation 5244:Nicolae Ceaușescu 5237: 5236: 5229: 5159:). Following the 5013:Winston Churchill 5009:Moscow Conference 4987:Nicolae Ceaușescu 4913:German Sixth Army 4866:Northern Bukovina 4825:Operation München 4722:Corneliu Codreanu 4702:Second Balkan War 4694:Treaty of Craiova 4690:Treaty of Trianon 4538: 4537: 4530: 4244:ethnic minorities 4205:Second Balkan War 4189:Treaty of Trianon 4107:Michael the Brave 4061:Russian Civil War 3878:river and all of 3749:, Romania gained 3735:Second Balkan War 3613:unionist campaign 3583:brought the 1856 3579:'s defeat in the 3558:Ion Budai-Deleanu 3465:Habsburg monarchy 3441:Habsburg monarchy 3397:Michael the Brave 3367:Michael the Brave 3353:religious freedom 3319:Dimitrie Cantemir 3289:, from which the 3198:nominated him as 3192:Voroneț Monastery 3156:Stephen the Great 3091:, thereafter the 2954:, a semi-nomadic 2578:Early Middle Ages 2460:referring to the 2182:writings, and as 1884:Pirusti tribesmen 1822:Pannonia Superior 1709:imperial province 1497:, a supporter of 1495:Licinius Mucianus 1124:, king of Dacian 963:, a divine being. 887:Kingdom capital, 873: 872: 865: 580:in 1914, Romania 550: 549: 405:Romanian language 357:Soviet occupation 16248: 16160:Dependencies and 15859:Sovereign states 15845: 15838: 15831: 15822: 15821: 15679:Great Divergence 15594:Age of Discovery 15539:Late Middle Ages 15509:High Middle Ages 15420:Byzantine Empire 15403:Christianization 15393:Migration Period 15328:Classical Greece 15300:Neolithic Europe 15272: 15265: 15258: 15249: 15248: 15235: 15234: 15215: 15208: 15087:Social structure 15008: 15007: 14944: 14909:Great Depression 14872: 14871: 14767: 14766: 14676: 14675: 14621:Early Modern Era 14544: 14537: 14530: 14521: 14520: 14397:Watts, Larry L. 14322: 14302:Lampe, John R. 14275: 14256:. Cambridge UP. 14248: 14238: 14212:Gilberg, Trond. 14171: 14166:. Archived from 14135: 14108: 14099: 14093: 14085: 14074: 14055: 14036: 14013: 13994: 13982: 13968: 13945: 13936: 13927: 13900: 13889: 13870: 13861: 13842: 13831: 13812: 13791: 13782: 13773: 13762: 13741: 13722: 13703: 13684: 13665: 13656: 13647: 13633: 13612: 13588: 13568: 13547: 13534: 13513: 13494: 13457: 13438: 13419: 13400: 13381: 13353: 13334: 13315: 13289: 13277: 13261: 13242: 13223: 13198: 13176: 13165: 13142: 13121: 13100: 13081: 13062: 13038: 13019: 13000: 12976: 12964: 12955:Călinescu, Matei 12946: 12923: 12895: 12876: 12855: 12836: 12804: 12780: 12756: 12747: 12742:. Archived from 12716: 12704: 12690: 12671: 12652: 12651:. Vijayakrishna. 12641: 12632: 12613: 12594: 12575: 12554: 12540: 12523: 12512: 12482: 12464: 12455: 12441: 12408: 12407: 12396: 12390: 12389: 12378: 12372: 12371: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12346: 12340: 12339: 12326: 12320: 12319: 12306: 12300: 12299: 12297: 12296: 12281: 12275: 12274: 12272: 12271: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12246: 12237:. Archived from 12231: 12225: 12224: 12204: 12198: 12197: 12196: 12195: 12178: 12172: 12171: 12160: 12154: 12151: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12126: 12120: 12119: 12111: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12101: 12086: 12080: 12079: 12067: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12054: 12039: 12033: 12032: 12030: 12028: 12014: 12008: 12007: 11967: 11961: 11960: 11958: 11957: 11942: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11932: 11918: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11905: 11891: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11881: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11822: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11812: 11800: 11791: 11790: 11778: 11772: 11771: 11766: 11765: 11750: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11734: 11723: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11707: 11698: 11689: 11683: 11682: 11674: 11668: 11667: 11662: 11651: 11645: 11644: 11642: 11641: 11618: 11612: 11611: 11609: 11608: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11584: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11556: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11535: 11524: 11518: 11504: 11498: 11495: 11489: 11486: 11480: 11474: 11468: 11462: 11456: 11449: 11443: 11442: 11431: 11425: 11414: 11408: 11407: 11387: 11381: 11380: 11363: 11357: 11356: 11354: 11347: 11336: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11326: 11311: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11290: 11284: 11278: 11272: 11269: 11263: 11244: 11240: 11234: 11233: 11228:. Archived from 11222: 11216: 11203: 11197: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11160: 11154: 11153:, August 7, 2004 11134: 11130: 11124: 11114: 11110: 11104: 11101: 11095: 11094: 11092: 11091: 11082:. Archived from 11076: 11070: 11059: 11046: 11045: 11027: 11021: 11015: 11014: 11010: 10996: 10990: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10950: 10944: 10928: 10922: 10902: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10891: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10844: 10838: 10832: 10831: 10823:U.S. government 10821: 10806: 10803: 10797: 10790: 10784: 10772: 10766: 10763: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10751: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10708: 10702: 10701: 10696:. Archived from 10690: 10684: 10683: 10648: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10639: 10616: 10610: 10608: 10597: 10591: 10588: 10582: 10579: 10573: 10570: 10564: 10561: 10555: 10548: 10542: 10541:2004), p.179-180 10531: 10525: 10522: 10513: 10510: 10501: 10500: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10440:Erdély története 10434: 10428: 10415:R. J. Crampton, 10413: 10407: 10406: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10377:on 24 March 2019 10373:. Archived from 10367: 10361: 10358: 10352: 10345: 10336: 10333: 10327: 10324: 10318: 10315: 10309: 10306: 10300: 10297: 10291: 10284: 10278: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10250: 10241: 10235: 10232: 10226: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10209: 10180: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10170: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10133: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10094: 10067: 10061: 10054: 10048: 10047: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10012: 10006: 10005: 10003: 10002: 9988: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9978: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9952:, archived from 9933: 9927: 9926: 9920: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9892: 9886: 9885: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9826: 9820: 9819: 9802: 9796: 9789: 9780: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9686: 9680: 9679: 9674:, archived from 9665: 9659: 9658: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9616: 9610: 9600: 9594: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9554: 9548: 9539: 9533: 9524:Peter F. Sugar. 9522: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9489: 9483: 9482: 9466: 9460: 9459: 9447: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9401: 9395: 9394: 9384: 9378: 9377: 9358: 9352: 9349: 9343: 9336: 9330: 9329: 9320: 9314: 9313: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9284: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9214: 9192: 9186: 9180: 9174: 9168: 9159: 9154: 9148: 9143: 9137: 9132: 9126: 9119: 9108: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9064: 9058: 9051:Martyn C. Rady: 9049: 9043: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9009: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8999: 8983: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8973: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8952: 8947:. britannica.com 8941: 8935: 8934: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8914: 8906: 8898: 8892: 8891: 8885: 8877: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8861:, Constantinople 8849: 8843: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8819: 8813: 8804: 8803: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8772:Brill Publishers 8761: 8755: 8754: 8731: 8725: 8724: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8614: 8606: 8598: 8589: 8588: 8582: 8574: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8558:, Constantinople 8546: 8540: 8539: 8528: 8522: 8516: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8495: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8474:Bury et al. 1954 8471: 8465: 8459: 8453: 8447: 8441: 8435: 8429: 8423: 8417: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8390:Hrushevskyi 1997 8387: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8351:Hrushevskyi 1997 8348: 8339: 8294: 8288: 8282: 8276: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8252: 8246: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8213: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8143:MacKendrick 2000 8127: 8121: 8115: 8109: 8103: 8097: 8094:Chakraberty 1948 8091: 8085: 8079: 8073: 8067: 8061: 8055: 8049: 8043: 8037: 8031: 8025: 8019: 8008: 8002: 7996: 7990: 7984: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7894: 7884: 7878: 7872: 7861: 7855: 7844: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7716: 7713: 7707: 7704: 7698: 7695: 7689: 7666: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7639: 7633: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7607: 7601: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7559:. Archived from 7548: 7542: 7535: 7529: 7526:MacKendrick 2000 7523: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7391: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7364:Goldsworthy 2003 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7192:Goldsworthy 2004 7189: 7183: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7145: 7144: 7135: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7109: 7103: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7067: 7061: 7056:Brian W. Jones, 7054: 7045: 7038: 7032: 7022: 7016: 7009: 7003: 6992: 6986: 6983: 6977: 6970: 6964: 6957: 6948: 6941: 6935: 6928: 6922: 6915: 6906: 6885: 6879: 6874:William Miller, 6872: 6866: 6863: 6854: 6851: 6845: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6817:MacKendrick 2000 6814: 6808: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6788: 6780: 6777:forumromanum.org 6769: 6763: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6731: 6725: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6690: 6684: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6624: 6616: 6610: 6607: 6598: 6595: 6586: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6565: 6562: 6556: 6553: 6547: 6544: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6470: 6464: 6461: 6455: 6444: 6438: 6435: 6429: 6418: 6412: 6406: 6400: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6323:Google Translate 6317: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302:on 30 April 2011 6291: 6285: 6284: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6217:, archived from 6192: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6166:Europe Centenary 6157: 6140: 6137: 6131: 6121: 6115: 6106: 6105: 6097: 6096: 6086: 5995:Kings of Romania 5937:(PNL). However, 5927:Social Democrats 5872:Acceding Country 5717:Democratic Party 5702:Nicolae Văcăroiu 5686:Democratic Party 5672:New constitution 5662:Theodor Stolojan 5589: 5586: 5559: 5558: 5551: 5489: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5469: 5438: 5430: 5232: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5212: 5189: 5181: 5146:Prague Offensive 5107:Battle of Păuliș 5011:in October 1944 4949:Second (forming) 4917:Operation Uranus 4909:Petre Dumitrescu 4698:Southern Dobruja 4587:Armand Călinescu 4533: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4490: 4482: 4431:Armand Călinescu 4262:established the 4201:Southern Dobruja 4127:Nicolae Bălcescu 4025:Macedonian front 4021:German armistice 3751:Southern Dobruja 3704:Treaty of Berlin 3302:Balkan peninsula 3295:Treaty of Speyer 3285:belonged to the 3279:Battle of Mohács 3223:Bulgarian Empire 3188:Battle of Vaslui 3147: 3010:Kings of Hungary 3003:Balkan Peninsula 2980:Eastern Kipchaks 2943:in the east, by 2937:High Middle Ages 2931:in the south by 2879:Bulgarian Empire 2859:Vlad III Dracula 2847:Dracula's Castle 2794:High Middle Ages 2746:Krum of Bulgaria 2709:and reached the 2594:Migration Period 2567:oracle of Dodona 2358: 2357: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2322: 2301: 2300: 2276: 2275: 2033:Castra of Hinova 2029:Brazda lui Novac 2024:Gothicus Maximus 2006:inaugurated the 1915:Pescennius Niger 1676:Column of Trajan 1607:Tettius Julianus 1595:Cornelius Fuscus 1561:Cornelius Fuscus 1397:Life of Augustus 1331: 1278:Hercynian Forest 1169:Carpathian basin 1141:Balkan Mountains 969: 949:Darius the Great 938: 868: 861: 857: 854: 848: 824: 823: 816: 776:Starčevo culture 733:Hamangia culture 726:The thinkers of 713:Hamangia culture 709:Cucuteni culture 572:in 1877. During 542: 535: 528: 514: 513: 512: 415:Military history 400:Economic history 67:Hamangia culture 46: 36: 18: 17: 16256: 16255: 16251: 16250: 16249: 16247: 16246: 16245: 16226: 16225: 16224: 16219: 16203: 16161: 16155: 16141:Northern Cyprus 16123: 16117: 16033:North Macedonia 15854: 15849: 15819: 15814: 15753: 15719:Interwar period 15694:Napoleonic Wars 15558: 15529:Mongol invasion 15482:Crown of Aragon 15374: 15314: 15310:Iron Age Europe 15281: 15276: 15246: 15241: 15218: 15211: 15204: 15191: 15101: 15055:Public holidays 14993: 14954:Property bubble 14942: 14857: 14816:Law enforcement 14752: 14733:Protected areas 14665: 14641:Greater Romania 14570: 14557: 14548: 14499:Wayback Machine 14488: 14473:Wayback Machine 14408: 14363:(Pinter, 1991). 14346:(Yale UP, 1951) 14264: 14231:Hitchins, Keith 14174:Du Nay, Andre. 14142:2 (1942): 129+. 14122: 14116: 14114:Further reading 14111: 14087: 14086: 14071: 14052: 14033: 14010: 13991: 13924: 13886: 13858: 13828: 13809: 13759: 13738: 13719: 13700: 13681: 13630: 13609: 13585: 13565: 13531: 13510: 13483: 13454: 13435: 13416: 13397: 13378: 13350: 13331: 13312: 13286: 13268:Luttwak, Edward 13258: 13239: 13220: 13195: 13162: 13139: 13118: 13097: 13078: 13059: 13035: 13016: 12997: 12973: 12951:Georgescu, Vlad 12943: 12920: 12892: 12873: 12852: 12833: 12801: 12746:on 1 July 2013. 12713: 12687: 12668: 12629: 12610: 12591: 12572: 12547:Berciu, Dumitru 12509: 12490: 12485: 12433:Historia Romana 12422: 12417: 12412: 12411: 12406:. 15 June 2023. 12398: 12397: 12393: 12380: 12379: 12375: 12366: 12365: 12361: 12348: 12347: 12343: 12335:TheGuardian.com 12328: 12327: 12323: 12315:TheGuardian.com 12308: 12307: 12303: 12294: 12292: 12282: 12278: 12269: 12267: 12257: 12253: 12244: 12242: 12233: 12232: 12228: 12221: 12205: 12201: 12193: 12191: 12188:BBC News Online 12180: 12179: 12175: 12162: 12161: 12157: 12152: 12148: 12139: 12137: 12128: 12127: 12123: 12113: 12112: 12108: 12099: 12097: 12087: 12083: 12068: 12061: 12052: 12050: 12040: 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10268: 10248: 10242: 10238: 10233: 10229: 10220: 10216: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10195:. p. 208. 10181: 10177: 10168: 10166: 10164: 10156:. p. 102. 10154:Scarecrow Press 10144: 10140: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10119:. p. 208. 10105: 10101: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10080:. p. 102. 10078:Scarecrow Press 10068: 10064: 10055: 10051: 10044: 10028: 10024: 10013: 10009: 10000: 9998: 9990: 9989: 9985: 9976: 9974: 9966: 9965: 9961: 9934: 9930: 9914: 9913: 9907: 9905: 9894: 9893: 9889: 9878: 9877: 9873: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9827: 9823: 9817: 9803: 9799: 9790: 9783: 9771: 9767: 9756: 9752: 9745: 9729: 9725: 9714: 9713: 9709: 9703: 9687: 9683: 9666: 9662: 9653: 9652: 9648: 9641: 9617: 9613: 9601: 9597: 9585: 9581: 9574: 9555: 9551: 9540: 9536: 9523: 9519: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9490: 9486: 9475:Magazin Istoric 9467: 9463: 9456: 9445: 9437: 9433: 9426: 9402: 9398: 9385: 9381: 9375: 9359: 9355: 9350: 9346: 9337: 9333: 9321: 9317: 9305: 9301: 9286: 9285: 9281: 9272: 9270: 9261: 9260: 9256: 9250: 9234: 9230: 9222: 9218: 9211: 9193: 9189: 9181: 9177: 9169: 9162: 9155: 9151: 9144: 9140: 9133: 9129: 9120: 9111: 9104: 9100: 9065: 9061: 9050: 9046: 9035: 9031: 9022: 9020: 9011: 9010: 9006: 8997: 8995: 8984: 8980: 8971: 8969: 8968:. cambridge.org 8964: 8963: 8959: 8950: 8948: 8943: 8942: 8938: 8928: 8924: 8908: 8907: 8899: 8895: 8879: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8850: 8846: 8841: 8837: 8829: 8822: 8814: 8807: 8794: 8793: 8789: 8782: 8774:. p. 216. 8762: 8758: 8748: 8732: 8728: 8718: 8700: 8696: 8685: 8669: 8665: 8650: 8646: 8628: 8624: 8608: 8607: 8599: 8592: 8576: 8575: 8567: 8563: 8547: 8543: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8517: 8513: 8505: 8501: 8496: 8492: 8484: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8460: 8456: 8448: 8444: 8436: 8432: 8424: 8420: 8412: 8408: 8400: 8396: 8388: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8361: 8357: 8349: 8342: 8295: 8291: 8283: 8279: 8271: 8267: 8259: 8255: 8247: 8243: 8235: 8231: 8223: 8216: 8208: 8204: 8196: 8192: 8184: 8180: 8128: 8124: 8116: 8112: 8104: 8100: 8092: 8088: 8080: 8076: 8068: 8064: 8056: 8052: 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6989: 6984: 6980: 6971: 6967: 6958: 6951: 6942: 6938: 6930:Köpeczi, Béla, 6929: 6925: 6916: 6909: 6886: 6882: 6873: 6869: 6864: 6857: 6852: 6848: 6839: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6815: 6811: 6802: 6798: 6782: 6781: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6761: 6757: 6749: 6734: 6726: 6719: 6715:, p. 1120. 6711: 6707: 6692: 6691: 6687: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6636: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6613: 6608: 6601: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6550: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6471: 6467: 6462: 6458: 6445: 6441: 6436: 6432: 6419: 6415: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6386: 6382: 6377: 6373: 6365: 6363: 6351: 6347: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6318: 6314: 6305: 6303: 6294:Patrick Gibbs. 6292: 6288: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6263: 6233: 6229: 6221: 6190: 6184: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6158: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6134: 6122: 6118: 6087: 6083: 6078: 6035:King of Romania 6016: 5967: 5965:Romanian rulers 5814: 5798:Main articles: 5796: 5674: 5616:(PNL), and the 5590: 5584: 5581: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5543: 5490: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5455: 5439: 5428: 5422: 5420:1989 Revolution 5298:First Secretary 5272:Communist Party 5246:condemning the 5233: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5202: 5190: 5179: 5173: 5099:Battle of Turda 4925: 4803:, in July 1941. 4771:Virgil Madgearu 4762:Jilava Massacre 4534: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4503: 4491: 4480: 4472:Main articles: 4470: 4376:(LANC) and the 4177:interwar period 4164:Great Union Day 4150:Treaty of Paris 4095: 4093:Greater Romania 4089: 4037: 3938:In 1917, a new 3812:Austria-Hungary 3784: 3778: 3668: 3656:Main articles: 3654: 3605:Austrian Empire 3585:Treaty of Paris 3566: 3527: 3477:Austrian Empire 3449:Hungarian crown 3267: 3253: 3233:Main articles: 3231: 3164:Ștefan cel Mare 3141: 3032:) appeared in 3030:Terram Blacorum 2820: 2802: 2796: 2695:battle of Ongal 2661:following Khan 2596: 2590: 2582:Main articles: 2580: 2499: 2431:Dacian cast in 2421: 2413:Main articles: 2411: 2399:Germanic tribes 2239:Pliny the Elder 2168: 2162: 2085:were disputing 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The emperors 1426:Marcus Vinicius 1332: 1329: 1208:Trogus Pompeius 1163:in present-day 1056:before 168 BC, 1048:around 200 BC, 970: 967: 883:of the ancient 869: 858: 852: 849: 835:Please help by 834: 825: 821: 814: 790:Main articles: 788: 768:Poiana Slatinei 746:Peștera cu Oase 719: 695:Main articles: 693: 634:Tripartite Pact 600:, and parts of 546: 510: 508: 503: 502: 501: 446: 436: 435: 434: 394: 386: 385: 376: 375:Post-Revolution 368: 367: 366: 351: 341: 340: 339: 325:Fascist Kingdom 320:Greater Romania 294: 284: 283: 282: 248:Organic Statute 237: 229: 228: 227: 198:Silistra Eyalet 192: 182: 181: 180: 135: 120: 119: 118: 93: 83: 82: 81: 56: 34: 27: 12: 11: 5: 16254: 16244: 16243: 16238: 16221: 16220: 16218: 16217: 16215:European Union 16211: 16209: 16208:Other entities 16205: 16204: 16202: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16165: 16163: 16162:other entities 16157: 16156: 16154: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16127: 16125: 16119: 16118: 16116: 16115: 16110: 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15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15534:Serbian Empire 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15468: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15442: 15441: 15440: 15435: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15406: 15405: 15395: 15390: 15384: 15382: 15376: 15375: 15373: 15372: 15370:Late antiquity 15367: 15362: 15357: 15356: 15355: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15333:Roman Republic 15330: 15324: 15322: 15316: 15315: 15313: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15291: 15289: 15283: 15282: 15275: 15274: 15267: 15260: 15252: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15239: 15229: 15224: 15217: 15216: 15209: 15201: 15200: 15197: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15143: 15142: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15111: 15109: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15099: 15094: 15092:Urban planning 15089: 15084: 15083: 15082: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15011: 15005: 14999: 14998: 14995: 14994: 14992: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14974:Stock Exchange 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14938: 14937: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14875: 14869: 14863: 14862: 14859: 14858: 14856: 14855: 14850: 14848:Prime Minister 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14829: 14828: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14807: 14806: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14770: 14764: 14758: 14757: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14679: 14673: 14667: 14666: 14664: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14592: 14591: 14580: 14578: 14572: 14571: 14569: 14568: 14562: 14559: 14558: 14547: 14546: 14539: 14532: 14524: 14518: 14517: 14511: 14506: 14487: 14486:External links 14484: 14483: 14482: 14475: 14458: 14447: 14440: 14433: 14426: 14416: 14411:Bucur, Maria. 14407: 14404: 14403: 14402: 14395: 14388: 14381: 14374: 14364: 14357: 14347: 14340: 14333: 14323: 14314: 14307: 14300: 14293: 14283: 14276: 14262: 14249: 14240: 14227: 14217: 14210: 14203: 14192: 14182: 14172: 14170:on 2014-03-04. 14158:Djuvara, Neagu 14154: 14143: 14136: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14109: 14100: 14076: 14075: 14069: 14056: 14050: 14037: 14031: 14015: 14014: 14008: 13995: 13989: 13969: 13947: 13946: 13937: 13928: 13922: 13902: 13901: 13890: 13884: 13871: 13862: 13856: 13843: 13832: 13826: 13813: 13807: 13793: 13792: 13783: 13774: 13764: 13763: 13757: 13742: 13736: 13723: 13717: 13704: 13698: 13685: 13679: 13666: 13657: 13648: 13638:Pârvan, Vasile 13634: 13628: 13613: 13607: 13590: 13589: 13583: 13569: 13563: 13548: 13535: 13529: 13515: 13514: 13508: 13495: 13481: 13459: 13458: 13452: 13439: 13433: 13420: 13414: 13401: 13395: 13382: 13377:978-0807855201 13376: 13358:Millar, Fergus 13354: 13348: 13335: 13330:978-0500251249 13329: 13316: 13310: 13291: 13290: 13284: 13263: 13262: 13256: 13243: 13237: 13224: 13218: 13199: 13193: 13177: 13167: 13166: 13160: 13144: 13143: 13137: 13122: 13116: 13102: 13101: 13095: 13082: 13077:978-0297846666 13076: 13063: 13057: 13039: 13033: 13020: 13014: 13001: 12995: 12981:Gibbon, Edward 12977: 12971: 12947: 12941: 12925: 12924: 12918: 12902:Fol, Alexander 12897: 12896: 12890: 12877: 12871: 12856: 12850: 12837: 12831: 12809:Eliade, Mircea 12805: 12799: 12785:Eliade, Mircea 12781: 12763:Eisler, Robert 12758: 12757: 12748: 12718: 12717: 12711: 12691: 12685: 12672: 12666: 12653: 12643: 12642: 12633: 12627: 12614: 12608: 12595: 12589: 12576: 12570: 12555: 12542: 12541: 12524: 12513: 12507: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12483: 12465: 12456: 12442: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12391: 12373: 12359: 12341: 12321: 12301: 12276: 12251: 12226: 12219: 12199: 12173: 12155: 12153:Adrian Năstase 12146: 12121: 12106: 12081: 12059: 12034: 12009: 11982:(2): 172–186. 11962: 11937: 11910: 11886: 11862: 11837:(3): 778–797. 11817: 11792: 11773: 11745: 11713: 11701:aceproject.org 11684: 11669: 11646: 11613: 11588: 11561: 11540: 11519: 11499: 11490: 11481: 11469: 11457: 11444: 11426: 11409: 11403: 11382: 11376: 11358: 11331: 11306: 11285: 11273: 11264: 11245:Florin Mihai, 11235: 11217: 11198: 11175: 11155: 11125: 11105: 11096: 11071: 11047: 11040: 11022: 10991: 10978: 10963: 10945: 10923: 10904:Kwan Yuk Pan, 10897: 10866: 10859: 10839: 10807: 10798: 10785: 10767: 10755: 10733: 10703: 10685: 10659:(4): 667–673, 10643: 10631: 10611: 10592: 10583: 10574: 10565: 10556: 10543: 10526: 10514: 10502: 10495: 10473: 10466: 10446: 10429: 10408: 10388: 10362: 10353: 10337: 10328: 10319: 10310: 10301: 10292: 10279: 10266: 10236: 10227: 10214: 10201: 10175: 10162: 10138: 10125: 10099: 10086: 10062: 10049: 10042: 10022: 10007: 9983: 9959: 9928: 9904:on 8 June 2008 9887: 9871: 9854: 9841: 9821: 9815: 9797: 9781: 9773:Iván T. Berend 9765: 9758:Ivan, Cristi. 9750: 9743: 9723: 9707: 9701: 9681: 9660: 9646: 9639: 9611: 9595: 9587:"Transylvania" 9579: 9572: 9549: 9534: 9517: 9504: 9484: 9461: 9454: 9431: 9424: 9396: 9379: 9373: 9353: 9344: 9331: 9315: 9299: 9279: 9254: 9248: 9228: 9226:, p. 199. 9216: 9209: 9187: 9175: 9160: 9149: 9138: 9127: 9109: 9098: 9059: 9044: 9036:István Lázár: 9029: 9004: 8978: 8957: 8936: 8922: 8893: 8864: 8844: 8835: 8820: 8818:, p. 127. 8805: 8787: 8780: 8756: 8746: 8726: 8716: 8694: 8683: 8663: 8644: 8622: 8590: 8561: 8541: 8523: 8519:Tomaschek 1893 8511: 8499: 8490: 8488:, p. 114. 8478: 8476:, p. 543. 8466: 8454: 8452:, p. 143. 8442: 8440:, p. 407. 8438:Tomaschek 1883 8430: 8428:, p. 131. 8418: 8406: 8404:, p. 135. 8394: 8379: 8377:, p. 729. 8367: 8365:, p. 184. 8355: 8353:, p. 100. 8340: 8338: 8337: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8313: 8307: 8300:, p. 131 8289: 8287:, p. 116. 8277: 8275:, p. 124. 8265: 8263:, p. 205. 8253: 8251:, p. 403. 8249:Tomaschek 1883 8241: 8229: 8227:, p. 100. 8214: 8212:, p. 239. 8202: 8200:, p. 114. 8190: 8188:, p. 129. 8178: 8176: 8175: 8170: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8133:, p. 205 8122: 8120:, p. 239. 8110: 8108:, p. 375. 8098: 8086: 8074: 8062: 8050: 8046:Petolescu 2000 8038: 8026: 8024:, p. 170. 8009: 8007:, p. 397. 8005:Tomaschek 1883 7997: 7995:, p. 158. 7985: 7976: 7961: 7959:, p. 151. 7949: 7937: 7935:, p. 150. 7922: 7910: 7908:, p. 837. 7895: 7879: 7877:, p. 223. 7862: 7845: 7833: 7821: 7809: 7792: 7780: 7768: 7766:, p. 129. 7753: 7741: 7729: 7717: 7708: 7699: 7690: 7661: 7651: 7634: 7617: 7602: 7585: 7573: 7543: 7530: 7528:, p. 206. 7518: 7506: 7504:, p. 104. 7494: 7492:, p. 103. 7482: 7480:, p. 106. 7470: 7466:Georgescu 1991 7455: 7443: 7441:, p. 442. 7431: 7419: 7417:, p. 108. 7407: 7392: 7390:, p. 109. 7380: 7378:, p. 102. 7368: 7356: 7354:, p. 227. 7344: 7342:, p. 110. 7332: 7320: 7308: 7293: 7281: 7268: 7256: 7244: 7232: 7220: 7218:, p. 223. 7208: 7206:, p. 222. 7196: 7194:, p. 329. 7184: 7182:, p. 219. 7172: 7122: 7120:, p. 217. 7110: 7098: 7096:, p. 216. 7086: 7084:, p. 104. 7074: 7072:, p. 325. 7062: 7046: 7033: 7017: 7004: 7002:, 1979, p.167. 6987: 6978: 6965: 6949: 6936: 6923: 6907: 6904:978-0195102338 6880: 6867: 6855: 6846: 6833: 6831:, p. 227. 6821: 6809: 6796: 6764: 6755: 6753:, p. 215. 6732: 6717: 6705: 6702:. 27 May 2023. 6685: 6653: 6644: 6634: 6625: 6611: 6599: 6587: 6578: 6566: 6557: 6548: 6539: 6529: 6519: 6510: 6501: 6487: 6465: 6456: 6439: 6430: 6413: 6401: 6392: 6380: 6371: 6345: 6332: 6312: 6286: 6271: 6247:(5): 183–195, 6227: 6201:(3): 245–253, 6178: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6132: 6116: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5966: 5963: 5959:Marcel Ciolacu 5949:(UDMR/RMDSZ). 5904:Klaus Iohannis 5886:Traian Basescu 5864:European Union 5842:Traian Băsescu 5795: 5792: 5776:Traian Băsescu 5769:Adrian Năstase 5750:Mugur Isărescu 5742:Victor Ciorbea 5673: 5670: 5612:(PNȚ-CD), the 5592: 5591: 5576:. Discuss and 5563: 5561: 5554: 5545:Main article: 5542: 5539: 5521:kangaroo court 5492: 5491: 5442: 5440: 5433: 5424:Main article: 5421: 5418: 5361:Arab countries 5341:Czechoslovakia 5235: 5234: 5193: 5191: 5184: 5175:Main article: 5172: 5169: 5032:Eastern Europe 5019:, proposed an 4924: 4921: 4769:and economist 4668:, Germany and 4575:United Kingdom 4536: 4535: 4494: 4492: 4485: 4469: 4466: 4372:offshoot, the 4370:Romanian Front 4264:Little Entente 4260:Czechoslovakia 4220:peace treaties 4091:Main article: 4088: 4085: 4073:Albano Laziale 4057:White movement 4036: 4033: 4017:King Ferdinand 4009:Central Powers 3976:Russian Empire 3956:Central Powers 3940:Central Powers 3817:casus foederis 3796:Russian Empire 3780:Main article: 3777: 3774: 3653: 3650: 3577:Russian Empire 3565: 3562: 3526: 3523: 3515:Pavel Kiselyov 3375:personal union 3331:Russian Empire 3230: 3227: 3204:Ottoman Empire 3131:'s 1897 novel 3125:main character 3093:Golden Horde's 3089:Dniester River 2970:and the lower 2899:early medieval 2869:Europe in 1190 2798:Main article: 2795: 2792: 2782:Eastern Thrace 2691:Constantine IV 2659:Great Bulgaria 2579: 2576: 2535:British Museum 2498: 2495: 2437:Lateran Museum 2433:Pushkin Museum 2415:Carpi (people) 2410: 2407: 2164:Main article: 2161: 2158: 1991: 1988: 1812:was posted to 1717:military camps 1690:Main article: 1687: 1684: 1654:Roman province 1635:Sarmizegethusa 1549:Oppius Sabinus 1327: 1270:Pontus Euxinus 1060:after 168 BC, 965: 906:who inhabited 871: 870: 828: 826: 819: 787: 784: 692: 689: 685:market economy 570:Ottoman Empire 554:personal union 548: 547: 545: 544: 537: 530: 522: 519: 518: 505: 504: 500: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 448: 447: 442: 441: 438: 437: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 396: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 365: 364: 359: 353: 352: 347: 346: 343: 342: 338: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 296: 295: 290: 289: 286: 285: 281: 280: 275: 270: 265: 263:Danube Vilayet 260: 255: 250: 245: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 230: 226: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 194: 193: 188: 187: 184: 183: 179: 178: 176:Rumelia Eyalet 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 137: 136: 126: 125: 122: 121: 117: 116: 111: 106: 101: 95: 94: 89: 88: 85: 84: 80: 79: 74: 69: 64: 58: 57: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 29: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16253: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16233: 16231: 16216: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16206: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16174:Faroe Islands 16172: 16170: 16167: 16166: 16164: 16158: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16146:South Ossetia 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16128: 16126: 16120: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16089: 16086: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15993:Liechtenstein 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15863: 15861: 15857: 15853: 15846: 15841: 15839: 15834: 15832: 15827: 15826: 15823: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15765:Art of Europe 15763: 15762: 15760: 15756: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15588: 15585: 15584: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15569: 15567: 15565: 15564:Modern period 15561: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15499: 15495: 15491: 15487: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15447: 15446: 15443: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15404: 15401: 15400: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15383: 15381: 15377: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15325: 15323: 15321: 15317: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15292: 15290: 15288: 15284: 15280: 15273: 15268: 15266: 15261: 15259: 15254: 15253: 15250: 15238: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15219: 15214: 15210: 15207: 15203: 15202: 15198: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15141: 15138: 15137: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15112: 15110: 15108: 15104: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15081: 15078: 15077: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15012: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15000: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14949:National Bank 14947: 14945: 14939: 14935: 14934:petrochemical 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14916: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14899:Foreign trade 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14876: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14864: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14827: 14824: 14823: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14805: 14802: 14801: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14771: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14759: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14680: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14668: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14590: 14587: 14586: 14585: 14582: 14581: 14579: 14577: 14573: 14567: 14564: 14563: 14560: 14556: 14552: 14545: 14540: 14538: 14533: 14531: 14526: 14525: 14522: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14504: 14500: 14496: 14493: 14490: 14489: 14480: 14476: 14474: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14459: 14456: 14452: 14451:Slavic Review 14448: 14445: 14441: 14438: 14434: 14431: 14427: 14425: 14421: 14417: 14414: 14410: 14409: 14400: 14396: 14393: 14389: 14386: 14382: 14379: 14375: 14373: 14369: 14365: 14362: 14358: 14356: 14352: 14348: 14345: 14341: 14338: 14334: 14332: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14315: 14312: 14308: 14305: 14301: 14298: 14294: 14292: 14288: 14284: 14281: 14277: 14273: 14269: 14265: 14259: 14255: 14250: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14232: 14228: 14226: 14222: 14218: 14215: 14211: 14208: 14204: 14201: 14197: 14193: 14191: 14187: 14183: 14181: 14177: 14173: 14169: 14165: 14164: 14159: 14155: 14152: 14148: 14144: 14141: 14137: 14133: 14129: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14106: 14101: 14097: 14091: 14083: 14078: 14077: 14072: 14066: 14062: 14057: 14053: 14047: 14043: 14038: 14034: 14028: 14024: 14023: 14017: 14016: 14011: 14005: 14001: 13996: 13992: 13986: 13981: 13980: 13974: 13973:Vékony, Gábor 13970: 13966: 13962: 13958: 13954: 13949: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13934: 13929: 13925: 13919: 13915: 13912: 13908: 13904: 13903: 13898: 13897: 13891: 13887: 13881: 13877: 13872: 13868: 13863: 13859: 13853: 13850:. Routledge. 13849: 13844: 13841:. H. Hagerup. 13840: 13839: 13833: 13829: 13823: 13819: 13814: 13810: 13804: 13800: 13795: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13780: 13775: 13771: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13754: 13750: 13749: 13743: 13739: 13733: 13729: 13724: 13720: 13714: 13710: 13705: 13701: 13695: 13691: 13686: 13682: 13676: 13672: 13667: 13663: 13658: 13654: 13649: 13645: 13644: 13639: 13635: 13631: 13625: 13621: 13620: 13614: 13610: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13592: 13591: 13586: 13580: 13576: 13570: 13566: 13560: 13557:. Routledge. 13556: 13555: 13549: 13546:(4): 507–530. 13545: 13541: 13536: 13532: 13530:9781134686315 13526: 13523:. Routledge. 13522: 13517: 13516: 13511: 13505: 13501: 13496: 13492: 13488: 13484: 13478: 13474: 13470: 13466: 13461: 13460: 13455: 13449: 13445: 13440: 13436: 13430: 13426: 13421: 13417: 13411: 13407: 13402: 13398: 13392: 13388: 13383: 13379: 13373: 13369: 13368: 13363: 13359: 13355: 13351: 13349:9780297000655 13345: 13341: 13336: 13332: 13326: 13322: 13317: 13313: 13307: 13303: 13302: 13297: 13293: 13292: 13287: 13285:9780801818639 13281: 13276: 13275: 13269: 13265: 13264: 13259: 13257:963-9465-12-7 13253: 13249: 13244: 13240: 13234: 13230: 13225: 13221: 13215: 13211: 13208: 13204: 13203:Kristó, Gyula 13200: 13196: 13190: 13186: 13182: 13181:Köpeczi, Béla 13178: 13175:. Shenandoah. 13174: 13169: 13168: 13163: 13157: 13153: 13152: 13146: 13145: 13140: 13134: 13130: 13129: 13123: 13119: 13113: 13109: 13104: 13103: 13098: 13092: 13089:. Routledge. 13088: 13083: 13079: 13073: 13069: 13064: 13060: 13054: 13050: 13049: 13044: 13040: 13036: 13030: 13026: 13021: 13017: 13011: 13007: 13002: 12998: 12992: 12988: 12987: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12968: 12963: 12962: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12938: 12934: 12933: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12915: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12899: 12898: 12893: 12887: 12883: 12878: 12874: 12868: 12864: 12863: 12857: 12853: 12847: 12844:. Routledge. 12843: 12838: 12834: 12828: 12824: 12820: 12816: 12815: 12810: 12806: 12802: 12796: 12792: 12791: 12786: 12782: 12778: 12774: 12770: 12769: 12764: 12760: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12745: 12741: 12737: 12733: 12730:(in French). 12729: 12725: 12720: 12719: 12714: 12712:9780521815390 12708: 12703: 12702: 12696: 12695:Curta, Florin 12692: 12688: 12682: 12678: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12659: 12654: 12650: 12645: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12630: 12624: 12620: 12615: 12611: 12605: 12601: 12596: 12592: 12586: 12582: 12577: 12573: 12571:963-09-3388-8 12567: 12563: 12561: 12556: 12552: 12548: 12544: 12543: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12529:Avidio Cassio 12525: 12521: 12519: 12514: 12510: 12504: 12500: 12499: 12493: 12492: 12480: 12476: 12475: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12457: 12453: 12452: 12447: 12443: 12439: 12438:Roman History 12435: 12434: 12429: 12425: 12424: 12405: 12401: 12395: 12387: 12383: 12377: 12369: 12363: 12355: 12351: 12345: 12337: 12336: 12331: 12325: 12317: 12316: 12311: 12305: 12291: 12287: 12280: 12266: 12262: 12255: 12241:on 2022-05-17 12240: 12236: 12230: 12222: 12216: 12212: 12211: 12203: 12189: 12185: 12184: 12177: 12169: 12165: 12159: 12150: 12136:on 2016-03-04 12135: 12131: 12125: 12118: 12117: 12110: 12096: 12092: 12085: 12077: 12073: 12066: 12064: 12049: 12045: 12038: 12023: 12019: 12013: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11993: 11989: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11973: 11966: 11952:(in Romanian) 11951: 11947: 11941: 11927: 11923: 11917: 11915: 11900: 11896: 11890: 11876: 11872: 11866: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11840: 11836: 11832: 11828: 11821: 11806: 11799: 11797: 11789: 11785: 11784: 11777: 11770: 11760: 11756: 11749: 11738: 11731: 11730: 11722: 11720: 11718: 11702: 11695: 11688: 11680: 11673: 11666: 11659: 11658: 11650: 11636: 11632: 11628: 11624: 11617: 11602: 11598: 11592: 11579:on 2008-10-29 11578: 11574: 11573: 11565: 11550: 11544: 11529: 11523: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11503: 11494: 11485: 11478: 11473: 11466: 11461: 11454: 11448: 11440: 11436: 11430: 11423: 11422:973-99994-2-5 11419: 11413: 11406: 11404:973-669-175-6 11400: 11396: 11392: 11386: 11379: 11377:90-5823-027-9 11373: 11369: 11362: 11355:on 2008-06-24 11351: 11344: 11343: 11335: 11321:on 2008-12-10 11320: 11316: 11310: 11295: 11289: 11283: 11277: 11268: 11261: 11260: 11255: 11251: 11248: 11243:(in Romanian) 11239: 11231: 11227: 11221: 11215: 11211: 11208: 11202: 11196: 11195:973-9243-07-X 11192: 11188: 11183:(in Romanian) 11179: 11172: 11171: 11166: 11165: 11159: 11152: 11151: 11146: 11142: 11139: 11138: 11133:(in Romanian) 11129: 11122: 11118: 11113:(in Romanian) 11109: 11100: 11086:on 2012-07-13 11085: 11081: 11075: 11069: 11065: 11064: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11043: 11041:963-389-606-1 11037: 11033: 11026: 11019: 11018:public domain 11008: 11004: 11003: 10995: 10988: 10982: 10974: 10970: 10966: 10960: 10956: 10949: 10943: 10942:0-7864-2009-X 10939: 10935: 10934: 10927: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10910: 10907: 10901: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10870: 10862: 10856: 10852: 10851: 10843: 10836: 10835:public domain 10826: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10812: 10802: 10795: 10789: 10783: 10779: 10778: 10771: 10762: 10760: 10745: 10744: 10737: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10713: 10707: 10699: 10695: 10689: 10682: 10678: 10674: 10670: 10666: 10662: 10658: 10654: 10647: 10634: 10632:0-8153-4057-5 10628: 10624: 10623: 10615: 10606: 10602: 10596: 10587: 10578: 10572:Cazacu, p.117 10569: 10560: 10553: 10547: 10540: 10536: 10530: 10521: 10519: 10509: 10507: 10498: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10477: 10469: 10463: 10459: 10458: 10450: 10442: 10441: 10433: 10426: 10422: 10418: 10412: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10392: 10376: 10372: 10366: 10357: 10350: 10347:John Keegan, 10344: 10342: 10332: 10323: 10314: 10305: 10296: 10289: 10283: 10276: 10270: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10247: 10240: 10231: 10224: 10218: 10204: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10179: 10165: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10150: 10142: 10128: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10103: 10089: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10074: 10066: 10059: 10053: 10045: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10026: 10018: 10011: 9997: 9993: 9987: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9955: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9932: 9924: 9918: 9903: 9899: 9898: 9891: 9883: 9882: 9875: 9864: 9858: 9844: 9838: 9834: 9833: 9825: 9818: 9812: 9808: 9801: 9794: 9788: 9786: 9778: 9774: 9769: 9761: 9754: 9746: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9727: 9719: 9718: 9711: 9704: 9702:1-931313-75-X 9698: 9694: 9693: 9685: 9678:on 2008-02-22 9677: 9673: 9672: 9664: 9656: 9650: 9642: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9623: 9615: 9608: 9604: 9599: 9592: 9588: 9583: 9575: 9569: 9565: 9564: 9558: 9553: 9546: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9507: 9501: 9497: 9496: 9488: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9465: 9457: 9451: 9444: 9443: 9435: 9427: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9408: 9400: 9392: 9391: 9383: 9376: 9370: 9366: 9365: 9357: 9348: 9341: 9335: 9328: 9327: 9319: 9312: 9311: 9303: 9296:on 2016-01-17 9295: 9291: 9290: 9283: 9269:on 2015-09-02 9268: 9264: 9258: 9251: 9249:0-300-04714-2 9245: 9241: 9240: 9232: 9225: 9224:Sălăgean 2005 9220: 9212: 9210:0-88033-479-7 9206: 9202: 9198: 9191: 9185:, p. 58. 9184: 9183:Bertényi 1989 9179: 9172: 9167: 9165: 9158: 9153: 9147: 9142: 9136: 9131: 9124: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9107: 9102: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9063: 9057: 9054: 9048: 9042: 9039: 9033: 9019:on 2013-04-26 9018: 9014: 9008: 8994:on 2015-09-23 8993: 8989: 8982: 8967: 8961: 8946: 8940: 8933: 8926: 8918: 8912: 8904: 8897: 8889: 8883: 8875: 8868: 8860: 8859: 8854: 8848: 8839: 8833:, p. 87. 8832: 8827: 8825: 8817: 8812: 8810: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8783: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8760: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8739: 8738: 8730: 8723: 8719: 8717:9789047423560 8713: 8709: 8705: 8698: 8691: 8686: 8680: 8676: 8675: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8648: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8626: 8618: 8612: 8604: 8597: 8595: 8586: 8580: 8572: 8565: 8557: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8537: 8536:www.theoi.com 8533: 8527: 8520: 8515: 8508: 8503: 8494: 8487: 8482: 8475: 8470: 8463: 8458: 8451: 8446: 8439: 8434: 8427: 8422: 8416:, p. 18. 8415: 8410: 8403: 8398: 8392:, p. 98. 8391: 8386: 8384: 8376: 8371: 8364: 8359: 8352: 8347: 8345: 8335: 8334:Astarita 1983 8332: 8330:, p. 525 8329: 8326: 8324:, p. 729 8323: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8312:, p. 302 8311: 8308: 8306:, p. 184 8305: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8293: 8286: 8281: 8274: 8269: 8262: 8257: 8250: 8245: 8238: 8233: 8226: 8221: 8219: 8211: 8206: 8199: 8194: 8187: 8182: 8174: 8171: 8168: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8153: 8151:, p. 136 8150: 8147: 8145:, p. 117 8144: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8126: 8119: 8114: 8107: 8102: 8095: 8090: 8083: 8078: 8071: 8066: 8059: 8054: 8047: 8042: 8035: 8030: 8023: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8006: 8001: 7994: 7989: 7980: 7973: 7968: 7966: 7958: 7953: 7947:, p. 44. 7946: 7941: 7934: 7929: 7927: 7920:, p. 89. 7919: 7914: 7907: 7902: 7900: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7876: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7859: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7842: 7837: 7830: 7825: 7819:, p. 63. 7818: 7813: 7807:, p. 11. 7806: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7789: 7784: 7777: 7772: 7765: 7760: 7758: 7750: 7745: 7738: 7737:Petrucci 1999 7733: 7726: 7721: 7712: 7703: 7694: 7687: 7686:0-415-38655-1 7683: 7679: 7678:0-415-17485-6 7675: 7671: 7665: 7655: 7648: 7644: 7638: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7613: 7606: 7599: 7595: 7589: 7582: 7577: 7563:on 2009-02-20 7562: 7558: 7554: 7547: 7540: 7534: 7527: 7522: 7516:, p. 79. 7515: 7510: 7503: 7498: 7491: 7486: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7462: 7460: 7453:, p. 23. 7452: 7447: 7440: 7435: 7428: 7423: 7416: 7411: 7405:, p. 59. 7404: 7399: 7397: 7389: 7384: 7377: 7372: 7366:, p. 76. 7365: 7360: 7353: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7329: 7324: 7318:, p. 22. 7317: 7312: 7305: 7300: 7298: 7291:, p. 92. 7290: 7285: 7278: 7272: 7266:, p. 30. 7265: 7260: 7254:, p. 39. 7253: 7248: 7242:, p. 52. 7241: 7236: 7230:, p. 54. 7229: 7224: 7217: 7216:Matyszak 2004 7212: 7205: 7204:Matyszak 2004 7200: 7193: 7188: 7181: 7180:Matyszak 2004 7176: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7152: 7139: 7132: 7126: 7119: 7118:Matyszak 2004 7114: 7108:, p. 53. 7107: 7102: 7095: 7094:Matyszak 2004 7090: 7083: 7082:Westropp 2003 7078: 7071: 7066: 7059: 7053: 7051: 7043: 7037: 7030: 7026: 7021: 7014: 7008: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6982: 6975: 6972:Ion Grumeza, 6969: 6962: 6956: 6954: 6946: 6943:Ion Grumeza, 6940: 6933: 6927: 6920: 6914: 6912: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6897:0-19-510233-9 6894: 6890: 6884: 6877: 6871: 6862: 6860: 6850: 6843: 6837: 6830: 6825: 6819:, p. 48. 6818: 6813: 6806: 6800: 6792: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6730:, p. 59. 6729: 6728:Mountain 1998 6724: 6722: 6714: 6709: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6673:0-19-814936-0 6670: 6666: 6662: 6657: 6648: 6642:of AD 105..." 6638: 6629: 6622: 6620: 6615: 6606: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6582: 6575: 6570: 6561: 6552: 6543: 6533: 6523: 6514: 6505: 6490: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6460: 6453: 6452:9780880333450 6449: 6443: 6434: 6427: 6426:9780880333450 6423: 6417: 6411: 6408:McGing B.C.: 6405: 6396: 6389: 6384: 6375: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6349: 6335: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6316: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6282: 6275: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6231: 6224:on 2007-09-25 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6152: 6136: 6129: 6126: 6120: 6113: 6109: 6100: 6091: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5955: 5954:Nicolae Ciucă 5950: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5931:Ludovic Orban 5928: 5924: 5919: 5917: 5914:, and he was 5913: 5909: 5905: 5900: 5898: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5882: 5880: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5845: 5843: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5786:(PC) and the 5785: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5761:2000 election 5757: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5678: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5600:(FSN) led by 5599: 5588: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5569: 5562: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5488: 5485: 5477: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5443:This section 5441: 5437: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5414:December 1989 5411: 5407: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5261: 5256: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5228: 5220: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5194:This section 5192: 5188: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5157:one exception 5154: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5118:Romanian Army 5114: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5028:Joseph Stalin 5026: 5025:Soviet leader 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4957:Fourth Armies 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4855:Country Study 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4817: 4816: 4809: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4767:Nicolae Iorga 4764: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4741:Magda Lupescu 4738: 4734: 4730: 4729:Ion Antonescu 4725: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4547: 4542: 4532: 4529: 4521: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4495:This section 4493: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4462:Ion Antonescu 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4438: 4434: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4404:Octavian Goga 4400: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4355: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4314:Magda Lupescu 4311: 4307: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4212: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4099: 4094: 4084: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4065:Italian front 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3995: 3987: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3788: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3646:Dual Monarchy 3641: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3621:ad-hoc divans 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3488:Magyarization 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3437:Gábor Bethlen 3434: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3405: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3362: 3361:Protestantism 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3323:Matei Basarab 3321:in Moldavia, 3320: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3121:Western world 3118: 3114: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045:Andrew Lackfi 3042: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2956:Turkic people 2953: 2948: 2947:around 1352. 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2895:Dridu culture 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2867: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2791: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2737:river to the 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2608: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559:Zibelthiurdos 2556: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2494: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2462:Carpo-Dacians 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2231:Julius Caesar 2228: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:Ancient Greek 2177: 2173: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2122:Slavic people 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2051:and ended at 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 1996: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1941:Gothic tribes 1937: 1935: 1931: 1930:Carpo-Dacians 1927: 1923: 1920:According to 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1875:lingua franca 1871: 1866: 1862: 1861:Thraco-Dacian 1858: 1854: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1779: 1773: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1755: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1665:client states 1662: 1658: 1657:Dacia Traiana 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1403:his daughter 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1383:According to 1378: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1345:War of Actium 1337: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1272:) recognized 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1246:Julius Caesar 1243: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1149:Julius Caesar 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1023: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 981: 979: 975: 964: 962: 956: 954: 950: 946: 942: 935:, written in 934: 933: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 890: 886: 882: 877: 867: 864: 856: 846: 842: 838: 832: 829:This section 827: 818: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 756: 754: 753: 748: 747: 742: 741:modern humans 734: 730: 729: 723: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 688: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 586:Allied Powers 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 543: 538: 536: 531: 529: 524: 523: 521: 520: 517: 507: 506: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 449: 445: 440: 439: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 390: 389: 382: 379: 378: 372: 371: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 350: 345: 344: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 293: 288: 287: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 240: 233: 232: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 195: 191: 186: 185: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 138: 133: 129: 124: 123: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 92: 87: 86: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 59: 55: 50: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 31: 30: 25: 20: 19: 16: 16151:Transnistria 16113:Vatican City 16052: 15724:World War II 15577:Early modern 15554:Kalmar Union 15425:Papal States 15343:Roman Empire 15120:Architecture 15050:Prostitution 15020:Demographics 14924:construction 14799:Human rights 14779:Constitution 14646:World War II 14575: 14463: 14450: 14443: 14436: 14429: 14419: 14412: 14401:(1993) 390pp 14398: 14391: 14384: 14380:(1996) 384pp 14377: 14367: 14360: 14350: 14343: 14336: 14326: 14318: 14310: 14303: 14296: 14286: 14285:Jókai, Mór. 14282:(2 vol 1983) 14279: 14253: 14244: 14234: 14220: 14213: 14206: 14195: 14185: 14175: 14168:the original 14162: 14146: 14139: 14127: 14104: 14081: 14060: 14041: 14021: 13999: 13978: 13956: 13941: 13932: 13914: 13910: 13907: 13895: 13875: 13866: 13847: 13837: 13817: 13798: 13787: 13778: 13769: 13747: 13727: 13708: 13689: 13670: 13661: 13652: 13642: 13618: 13598: 13574: 13553: 13543: 13539: 13520: 13499: 13472: 13468: 13443: 13424: 13405: 13386: 13366: 13339: 13320: 13300: 13273: 13247: 13228: 13210: 13206: 13184: 13172: 13150: 13127: 13107: 13086: 13067: 13047: 13024: 13005: 12985: 12960: 12931: 12909: 12881: 12861: 12841: 12822: 12818: 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Retrieved 8939: 8931: 8925: 8902: 8896: 8873: 8867: 8857: 8847: 8838: 8816:Opreanu 2005 8799: 8790: 8766: 8759: 8751: 8736: 8729: 8721: 8707: 8697: 8688: 8673: 8666: 8657: 8647: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8602: 8570: 8564: 8554: 8544: 8535: 8526: 8514: 8502: 8493: 8481: 8469: 8457: 8450:Schütte 1917 8445: 8433: 8426:Heather 2010 8421: 8414:Schütte 1917 8409: 8397: 8375:Nandris 1976 8370: 8358: 8336:, p. 62 8328:Oledzki 2000 8322:Nandris 1976 8310:Poghirc 1989 8298:Heather 2010 8292: 8280: 8268: 8261:Goffart 2006 8256: 8244: 8232: 8225:Schütte 1917 8205: 8198:Heather 2010 8193: 8181: 8169:, p. 19 8163:, p. 19 8139:, p. 74 8131:Goffart 2006 8125: 8113: 8101: 8089: 8082:Kephart 1949 8077: 8065: 8053: 8041: 8029: 8000: 7988: 7979: 7957:Bunbury 1979 7952: 7940: 7933:Bunbury 1979 7918:Roesler 1864 7913: 7887:Nandris 1976 7882: 7860:, 4.93–4.97. 7836: 7824: 7812: 7783: 7775: 7771: 7764:Opreanu 2005 7748: 7744: 7739:, p. 4. 7732: 7727:, p. 2. 7720: 7711: 7702: 7693: 7664: 7654: 7637: 7620: 7611: 7605: 7588: 7576: 7565:. Retrieved 7561:the original 7557:www.ccel.org 7556: 7546: 7533: 7521: 7514:Köpeczi 1994 7509: 7502:Köpeczi 1994 7497: 7490:Köpeczi 1994 7485: 7478:Köpeczi 1994 7473: 7468:, p. 6. 7446: 7439:Erdkamp 2010 7434: 7422: 7410: 7383: 7376:Köpeczi 1994 7371: 7359: 7347: 7335: 7323: 7311: 7289:Köpeczi 1994 7284: 7276: 7271: 7264:Schmitz 2005 7259: 7252:Luttwak 1976 7247: 7235: 7228:Luttwak 1976 7223: 7211: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7147: 7141:. Retrieved 7137: 7125: 7113: 7106:Luttwak 1976 7101: 7089: 7077: 7065: 7057: 7041: 7036: 7027:, Volume 4, 7024: 7020: 7012: 7007: 6995: 6990: 6981: 6973: 6968: 6960: 6944: 6939: 6931: 6926: 6918: 6888: 6883: 6875: 6870: 6849: 6841: 6836: 6824: 6812: 6804: 6799: 6776: 6767: 6758: 6708: 6697: 6688: 6664: 6661:Batty, Roger 6656: 6647: 6637: 6628: 6618: 6614: 6581: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6542: 6532: 6522: 6513: 6504: 6492:. Retrieved 6478: 6468: 6459: 6442: 6433: 6416: 6409: 6404: 6395: 6383: 6374: 6364:, retrieved 6358: 6348: 6337:. Retrieved 6322: 6315: 6304:. 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Retrieved 6165: 6155: 6135: 6127: 6124: 6119: 6107: 6098: 6089: 6084: 6009:(since 1862) 6003:(since 1974) 5985:(up to 1867) 5979:(up to 1859) 5973:(up to 1859) 5951: 5920: 5901: 5894: 5883: 5876: 5870:in 1995, an 5861: 5846: 5838: 5827: 5773: 5758: 5739: 5725: 5715:, PSD), the 5710: 5679: 5675: 5652: 5641: 5622: 5595: 5585:January 2022 5582: 5568:undue weight 5565: 5529: 5515:After being 5514: 5495: 5480: 5474:January 2022 5471: 5456:Please help 5444: 5399: 5393: 5376:foreign debt 5373: 5357:West Germany 5333:condemnation 5322: 5318: 5310:nationalized 5291: 5280: 5265: 5223: 5217:January 2022 5214: 5203:Please help 5198:verification 5195: 5150: 5115: 5072: 5060: 5036: 5006: 4976: 4965: 4926: 4902: 4886:Southern Bug 4878:Transnistria 4860: 4853: 4821: 4812: 4801:Southern Bug 4775: 4760: 4749: 4726: 4707: 4682:Transylvania 4663: 4651:Hotin county 4645:to form the 4628: 4616: 4613:Adolf Hitler 4579: 4551: 4524: 4518:January 2022 4515: 4504:Please help 4499:verification 4496: 4454:Soviet Union 4446:Soviet Union 4443: 4428: 4421: 4412:Adolf Hitler 4401: 4394: 4384:to form the 4358: 4351: 4334:Valea Jiului 4322: 4308: 4300:Prince Carol 4293: 4217: 4182: 4172:România Mare 4171: 4168: 4153: 4135: 4131:nationalists 4115:Transylvania 4104: 4081: 4042: 4038: 4002: 3997: 3993: 3937: 3933: 3913: 3908: 3900: 3884:Hypothesis Z 3872:Transylvania 3864: 3854:made loans, 3836:Transylvania 3825: 3821:"unprovoked" 3820: 3793: 3763: 3732: 3730:of Romania. 3720:principality 3708:Great Powers 3679: 3677: 3642: 3638: 3629: 3617: 3589:Great Powers 3574: 3570:Great Powers 3567: 3539: 3534:Peleș Castle 3492: 3485: 3457:Transylvania 3447:through the 3445:Transylvania 3426: 3365: 3335: 3299: 3283:Transylvania 3276: 3225:(681–1396). 3216: 3199: 3154: 3150:Christianity 3132: 3109: 3085:Golden Horde 3081:Transylvania 3061:Transylvania 3053:Golden Horde 3038: 3029: 3026:Bihar County 3021: 3007: 2988: 2949: 2914: 2906:Lower Danube 2872: 2851:architecture 2846: 2785: 2774:Transylvania 2743: 2719: 2679:Danube delta 2656: 2636:Transylvania 2613: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2504: 2500: 2488: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2465: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2422: 2392: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2303: 2293: 2291: 2278: 2266: 2258: 2256: 2247:Geto-Dacians 2246: 2242: 2224: 2220: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2169: 2149: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2095: 2087:Transylvania 2079:Thervingians 2069: 2060: 2053:Sasyk Lagoon 2023: 2018:against the 2001: 1971: 1969: 1961:Free Dacians 1938: 1919: 1899: 1880: 1873: 1849: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1817: 1809: 1801: 1799: 1783: 1776: 1774: 1766: 1759: 1758:Fourteenth ( 1751: 1743: 1732: 1720: 1706: 1669: 1639: 1631:Transylvania 1627: 1598: 1588: 1566: 1546: 1530:Roman Empire 1519: 1467: 1458: 1419: 1413: 1396: 1382: 1375:Geto-Dacian 1342: 1323: 1314: 1290: 1269: 1240: 1185: 1165:Transylvania 1153: 1130: 1114:Roman Empire 1046:Zalmodegicus 1042:Dromichaetes 1026: 1022:Transylvania 1019: 983: 972: 958: 930: 924: 893: 859: 853:January 2023 850: 837:spinning off 830: 757: 752:Homo sapiens 750: 744: 738: 731:, Neolithic 725: 717:Hațeg Island 671:. After the 658: 638:World War II 626:Soviet Union 598:Transylvania 551: 492:Transylvania 420:Christianity 335:World War II 213:Varat Eyalet 32: 15: 16189:Isle of Man 16124:recognition 16093:Switzerland 16028:Netherlands 15709:World War I 15699:Nationalism 15587:Reformation 15572:Renaissance 15544:Black Death 15477:Kievan Rus' 15380:Middle Ages 15035:Immigration 14879:Agriculture 14698:Earthquakes 14636:World War I 14616:Middle Ages 14606:Roman Dacia 14202:pp 251–318. 14180:online free 12474:Geographica 12168:jurnalul.ro 11875:www.cdep.ro 10827:, c. 1990. 10349:World War I 9171:Kristó 1988 8831:Spinei 2009 8509:, VII 3,11. 8486:Oltean 2007 8316:Pârvan 1928 8210:Pârvan 1926 8173:Millar 1970 8137:Bunson 1995 8070:Gibbon 2008 8058:Dobiáš 1964 8034:Mulvin 2002 7974:, VII 3,12. 7945:Oltean 2007 7829:Millar 2004 7817:Kristó 1996 7788:Vékony 2000 7600:, p.64 -126 7551:EUTROPIUS. 7415:Vékony 2000 7403:Găzdac 2010 7388:Vékony 2000 7352:Oltean 2007 7340:Vékony 2000 7328:Parker 1958 7240:Stoica 1919 6751:Taylor 2001 6713:Murray 2001 6574:Berciu 1981 6494:22 December 5997:(1881–1947) 5991:(1862–1881) 5939:Florin Cîțu 5754:Radu Vasile 5746:Radu Vasile 5637:Ion Iliescu 5606:Petre Roman 5602:Ion Iliescu 5531:Ion Iliescu 5371:to Israel. 5353:Six-Day War 5345:Warsaw Pact 5103:Arad County 5083:Mureș River 5007:During the 4710:Ion Gigurtu 4708:On 4 July, 4686:World War I 4631:World War I 4625:(June 1941) 4546:1930 census 4456:signed the 4416:corporatist 4361:antisemitic 4341:the 1930s. 4310:Iuliu Maniu 4281:nationalist 4277:clientelist 4059:during the 3802:as well as 3776:World War I 3680:coup d'état 3678:In an 1866 3581:Crimean War 3315:Vasile Lupu 3182:'s list of 3142: [ 3129:Bram Stoker 3043:dispatched 3024:in 1283 in 2889:historians 2875:Middle Ages 2873:During the 2827:Bran Castle 2758:Charlemagne 2491:Dio Cassius 2466:Carpo-Dacae 2384:Caspian Sea 2316:Dioscorides 2312:Dio Cassius 2268:Geographica 2118:Charlemagne 1953:Roman Dacia 1872:as the new 1794:Roman walls 1701:Roman Dacia 1692:Roman Dacia 1514:sanctuaries 1459:dux Dacorum 1409:Cassius Dio 1357:Mark Antony 1343:During the 1232:Dacian king 1224:Dacian king 881:sanctuaries 755:in Europe. 669:Warsaw Pact 574:World War I 300:World War I 218:Phanariotes 128:Middle Ages 109:Roman Dacia 104:Dacian Wars 33:History of 16230:Categories 16063:San Marino 16023:Montenegro 16003:Luxembourg 15983:Kazakhstan 15886:Azerbaijan 15472:Viking Age 15287:Prehistory 15177:Philosophy 15162:Literature 15045:Minorities 15030:Healthcare 14943:(currency) 14919:automotive 14833:Parliament 14794:Government 14748:Topography 14661:Since 1989 14656:Revolution 14503:Yad Vashem 14132:Bloomsbury 14032:1438129181 12777:B0000CI25D 12295:2022-04-27 12270:2022-04-27 12245:2021-04-11 12194:2010-01-05 12140:2015-08-25 12100:2022-04-28 12053:2022-04-28 12027:25 October 11956:2022-04-28 11931:2022-04-28 11904:2023-05-24 11880:2022-04-28 11856:2022-12-01 11811:2015-08-25 11764:2010-05-04 11640:2022-08-12 11607:2022-02-19 11583:2008-08-30 11555:2015-08-25 11534:2015-08-25 11325:2015-08-25 11300:2015-08-25 11090:2011-01-26 10750:2007-12-07 10720:10.4316/cc 10638:2007-12-07 10427:, p. 24–25 10208:2014-03-02 10169:2014-03-02 10132:2014-03-02 10093:2014-03-02 10001:2021-07-21 9996:kcdogs.com 9977:2023-02-02 9848:2012-03-28 9655:Bessarabia 9511:2017-07-10 9273:2015-08-25 9023:2015-08-25 8998:2015-08-25 8972:2015-08-25 8951:2015-08-25 8462:Russu 1969 8273:Minns 2011 8237:Russu 1969 8161:Odahl 2003 8155:Burns 1991 8118:White 1991 7680:Paperback 7649:, p.64-126 7581:Odahl 2003 7567:2008-06-17 7539:Lactantius 7304:Ellis 1998 7166:Diurpaneus 7143:2007-11-08 6807:, VII:3.11 6683:, page 366 6366:2008-01-10 6339:2020-05-25 6306:2012-10-12 6266:2008-01-10 6147:References 5945:, and the 5916:re-elected 5890:re-elected 5658:technocrat 5653:Securitate 5644:Jiu Valley 5633:Securitate 5510:mass rally 5401:Securitate 5384:World Bank 5151:Under the 5126:Yugoslavia 5064:Prut River 4862:Bessarabia 4837:Stalingrad 4833:Sevastopol 4815:Bolshevism 4753:Iron Guard 4718:antisemite 4714:Horia Sima 4378:Iron Guard 4289:Iron Guard 4256:Yugoslavia 4228:Parliament 4160:Alba Iulia 4146:Bessarabia 4049:Bolsheviks 4013:Bessarabia 3974:threw the 3844:The Allies 3761:counties. 3743:Montenegro 3712:Bessarabia 3542:revolution 3481:Bessarabia 3433:absolutist 3341:Alba Iulia 3277:After the 3255:See also: 3103:weakened. 2804:See also: 2707:Iron Gates 2592:See also: 2263:Pannonians 2154:Bulgarians 2016:Sarmatians 1980:Diocletian 1922:Lactantius 1814:Cappadocia 1733:procurator 1615:Marcomanni 1528:ruled the 1421:Res Gestae 1206:historian 1161:Rubobostes 1054:Rubobostes 841:relocating 691:Prehistory 675:, Romania 594:Bessarabia 578:neutrality 362:Revolution 54:Prehistory 16179:Gibraltar 15998:Lithuania 15519:Feudalism 15490:Catalonia 15075:Romanians 15040:Languages 15025:Education 14989:Transport 14969:Squatting 14843:President 14811:Judiciary 14784:Elections 14728:Mountains 14671:Geography 14272:160258445 14090:cite book 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