337:
113:
719:
689:, who was absent from Patras, returned to the town and blessed the freedom warriors. On the next day the leaders of the Revolution in Achaia sent a document to the foreign consulates explaining the reasons of the Revolution. However, some three hundred Turkish forces, mainly cavalry, under the command of Yussuf Pasha, heading from Ioannina to Euboea changed their direction and landed in Patras on April 3. The reinforcements joined the Turks of the castle, ransacked and destroyed the town. The consuls of the foreign powers who had been supportive of the revolt, namely those of Sweden, Prussia and Russia and the French consul
927:
of Coron and Modon, of the taking and Ioss of Mistra, the rout at
Tripolis and the victory off Tchesmé. And it was repeatedly noted that both sides were conducting the war with great savagery: ' the ravages committed by both armies ... are dreadful ... horrid cruelties perpetrated in cold blood, shocking to human nature, 'the war is carried on with much Bloodshed and Horror'. When the Greeks got the upper hand they settled old scores; when the Turks and Albanians reasserted themselves they were merciless: recapturing Patras, they left scarcely anyone alive.
125:
985:"But Patras was no more; Yussuf, pasha of Serres, incited by the British consulate's drogman, Barthold, rushed to this infortunate town, Germanos' undisciplined bands had fled and, except for 3000 people who owe their lives to the heroic self-sacrifice of the consul of France, M. Pouqueville, all the inhabitants of Patras perished by the sword and by the fire. When told of the fate of Patras, the people of Beotia proclaimed their own insurrection." Raoul de Malherbe - L'Orient 1718-1845: Histoire, politique, religion, moeurs, etc. Tome 2
389:
201:
612:
743:
703:
735:
17:
209:
773:, offering warehouse, banking and insurance services. However, this early era of prosperity was short lived; the completion of the Corinth Canal in 1893 challenged the predominance of its port. Besides, in 1894 raisin export prices in the international markets began to plummet, due to overproduction and international circumstances, which triggered a prolonged crisis with deep financial, political and social repercussions, known as the
513:
727:
182:, established a colony. The Achaeans, having strengthened and enlarged Aroe, called it Patrae, as the exclusive residence of the ruling families, and it was recognized as one of the twelve Achaean cities. During antiquity, Patras remained a farming region but in Classical times it became an important port. In 419 BC the town was, on the advice of
694:
irregular and unequipped revolutionary mob could not risk serious resistance. A possible exception was
Panagiotis Karatzas, a local shoe-maker, who along with his men thwarted Turkish attacks on nearby settlements. Finally, the Turks, confined to the citadel, held out until being stormed by the French troops in 1828.
926:
Readers were thus enabled to follow and visualize the campaign as it was reported, almost daily but after a time-lag of about four weeks, in despatches from Italy and Turkey. They read accounts — as confused, contradictory, exaggerated or downright false as such accounts generally are — of the Sieges
664:
arrived there trying to bring in contact the protagonists of the incoming revolts and coordinate the revolutionary effort. The Turks, who grew suspicious of these movements, transferred their belongings to the fortress on
February 28, and their families on March 18 and fortified themselves in it. On
975:
In his memoirs, le Duke
Pasquier, Chancellor of France, (1767-1862) wrote: "All the Greeks who were unable to escape from Patras were mercilessly slaughtered, regardless of sex or age. Only a few of the unfortunate victims could find refuge in the house of the consul of France, Mr Pouqueville. He
693:
who had given refuge to Greek revolutionaries, evacuated the town. The
English consul Green who had kept a neutral stance refusing to accept Greeks in his consulate, and the French consul Pouqueville, in their written accounts describe the events and the extent of destruction as horrific. The
976:
saved them at the peril of his own life. This was the first example of the courageous self-sacrifice with which the French consuls fulfilled their duties." Duke d'Audiffret-Pasquier - Mémoires de mon temps. Mémoires du chancellier
Pasquier. Partie 2. Restoration.2. 1820-1824 (tome 5)
589:
in 1715. Generally, the first period of
Turkish rule (1460–1687) was miserable, but from 1715 and on there was a revival of commerce, and so in the 18th century Patras became again an economically prosperous town, based on agriculture and trade.
644:. Patras was at the time the biggest and most prosperous town of the Peloponnese. An overwhelming, 2/3 majority of the town's 18.000 inhabitants where Greeks, and a small number of them was engaged in commerce, constituting the precursors of a
336:
762:. The plan was not carried out until the mid-19th century and then only with great adaptations conforming to the interests of powerful land owners. Patras developed as the second largest urban centre in late 19th century Greece after
680:
On March 25 the revolutionaries declared the
Revolution in the square of Agios Georgios in Patras. Therefore, it was at Patras that the Revolution is held to have officially began on March 25, 1821 in the chapel of
665:
March 23 the Turks launched sporadic attacks towards the town, trying to set certain houses on fire, which resulted on the destruction of some districts, while the revolutionaries, led by the freedom warrior
648:. Moreover, due to the town's commercial importance, some wealthy merchants of Patras had been appointed consuls of the major European states. The consul of Russia Vlassopoulos was also a member of the
404:
times Patras continued to be an important port as well as an industrial center. In 551 AD it was laid in ruins by an earthquake. In 807 AD it was able without external assistance to repulse a
1049:
Nasi Balta, "The civilization of raisin. Raisin cultivation in 19th century
Peloponnese, the economic crisis, and the revolt of the farmworkers. The political, cultural and social framework"
408:, though most of the credit of the victory was assigned to St Andrew, whose church was enriched by the imperial share of the spoils, and whose archbishop was made superior of the bishops of
597:"when the Greeks got the upper hand they settled old scores; when the Turks and Albanians reasserted themselves they were merciless: recapturing Patras, they left scarcely anyone alive."
565:. The Ottomans were defeated, but the Holy League did not seize the city of Patras. The news of the Ottoman defeat were celebrated in Patras, but a revolt organized by five of the
652:. The atmosphere in Patras had been tense since the mid-February 1821, when the Greeks refused to pay heavy taxes for the equipment of the Ottoman Army which was fighting against
366:
and a new monumental church, completed in the 1970s, mark the traditional place of his crucifixion. The new Saint Andrew Church is also the largest
Orthodox church in the
769:
The city benefited from its role as the main export port for the agricultural produce of the Peloponnese. It was the main centre for the organisation of production of
570:
832:
and set the town ablaze. After the liberation in October 1944, the city grew fast to recover, but in later years was increasingly overshadowed by the urban pole of
656:. In the same period, members of the Filiki Etairia were preparing the field for a revolt in Patras, accumulating munition, money and equipment for their struggle.
328:
At the end of the 3rd century AD, the city fell into decline, probably because of a strong earthquake that struck the whole of northeastern Peloponnese in AD 300.
136:
period (the first half of the 2nd millennium BC) another settlement was founded in the region. Patras flourished for the first time during the Post-Helladic or
796:
In the early 20th century, Patras developed fast and became the first Greek city to introduce public streetlights and electrified tramways. The war effort of
156:
valley, established three townships, Aroe (i.e. "ploughland"), Antheia ("the flowery"), and Mesatis ("the middle settlement") united by the common worship of
774:
1055:
141:
293:(CAAP) became one of the most populous of all the towns of Greece, and acquired a cosmopolitan character. Its colonial coinage extends from Augustus to
1025:
824:, a German military command was established and German and Italian troops were stationed in the city. On 13 December 1943, in the nearby town of
112:
305:
which were exported almost to the whole world of that time. Patras built new temples and two industrial zones, and paved its streets with
301:
was drawn up, privileges were granted and foreign religions introduced, and crafts were created, the most important being that of earthen
782:
428:
from Patras had accumulated immense wealth in land ownership, carpet and textile industry and offered critical support in the ascent of
358:
and was crucified as a martyr. He is ever since considered to be the patron saint of the city. Two temples built in his honor, an old
586:
542:, the fortress). Though Mehmet granted the city special privileges and tax reductions, it never became a major center of commerce.
793:, did much to shape the city's early identity as a significant port and cosmopolitan urban centre in early 20th century Greece.
758:
approved a very ambitious new urban plan for the city - which was still in ruins - presented to him by the French army engineer
550:
attacked and captured Patras several times during the 15th and 16th centuries, but never re-established their rule effectively.
241:
216:
After 280 BC, and prior to the Roman occupation of Greece, Patras played a significant role in the foundation of the second "
573:(1561–1572) was put down and its instigators were executed. The Venetians captured Patras from the Turks in 1687 during the
148:. The foundation of Patras goes back to prehistoric times, the legendary account being that Eumelus, having been taught by
1019:
Kounenaki Pegy, "19th Century Patras: how the character of the city changed with the development of the port after 1828"
861:
For further reading see: Kayapınar, A. (2016). Osmanlı Döneminde Mora’da Bir Sahil Şehri: Balya Badra/Patra (1460-1715).
140:(1580–1100 BC). Ancient Patras was formed by the unification of three Mycenaean villages located in modern Aroe,
676:
Shooting broke out two days later in Patras. The Turks had seized the fortress, and the Greeks had taken the seashore.
370:. Like Corinth, it was an early and effective centre of Christianity; its archbishop is mentioned in the lists of the
919:
718:
750:
Patras was liberated on 7 October 1828 by the French expeditionary force in the Peloponnese, under the command of
92:. In the 20th century the city developed as a commercial and industrial hub and in spite of its overshadowing by
1059:
321:, one of the most well-known works of Latin literature, was said to be adapted from a lost Greek original by a
424:
was born at Patras, at around 860. In the 9th century there is a sign that the city was prosperous: the widow
998:. Vol. 5 The preconditions and the foundations of the revolution (1813-1829). Thessaloniki 1980 pp. 346-349
942:. Vol. 5 The preconditions and the foundations of the revolution (1813-1829). Thessaloniki 1980 pp. 325-335
566:
405:
236:. As a consequence, the initiative of political developments was transferred for the first time to western
1029:
451:
672:Σε δυο ημέρες χτύπησε ντουφέκι ’στην Πάτρα. Οι Tούρκοι κάμαν κατά το κάστρο και οι Ρωμαίγοι την θάλασσα.
1099:
479:
463:
821:
636:
against the Ottomans (1821–29). The town was the first seat of the revolution along with the rest of
633:
606:
77:
470:. At the close of the 15th century the city was governed by the Latin archbishop in the name of the
707:
562:
132:
The first traces of settlement in Patras date to the 3rd millennium BC, in modern Aroe. During the
669:
and using guns drove them back to the fortress. Makryiannis referred to the scene in his memoirs:
483:
690:
963:
General Makriyannis, Memoirs (Excerpts). Translated by Rick Μ. Newton: The Charioteer 28/1986,
874:
620:
491:
475:
455:
340:
268:
964:
751:
653:
487:
447:
413:
755:
616:
582:
8:
666:
657:
421:
264:
245:
120:
found in Patras (130-138 CE). It is kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
911:
In the Footsteps of the Gods: Travellers to Greece and the Quest for the Hellenic Ideal
829:
759:
686:
554:
467:
371:
69:
952:
915:
553:
On 7 October 1571, the Ottoman fleet on the one side, and the fleet of the Christian
409:
36:
has an important history of four thousand years. Patras has been inhabited since the
22:
176:
124:
611:
577:
and made it the seat of one of the seven fiscal boards into which they divided the
459:
401:
383:
359:
249:
229:
168:
137:
61:
41:
909:
388:
256:
153:
133:
53:
325:- of whom little is known, but who presumably lived at the city in this period.
805:
778:
641:
625:
558:
529:
507:
495:
420:. Besides, one of the most scholarly philosophers and theologians of the time,
313:
260:
217:
96:, it is now the third city of Greece and the most significant economic pole of
45:
1093:
649:
517:
393:
248:
in 146 BC, and many of the remaining inhabitants forsook the city. After the
200:
73:
714:, built with the contributions of the thriving 19th century commercial class
516:
The church of Pantocrator as a mosque during the Ottoman rule. Engraving by
186:, connected with its harbour by long walls in imitation of those at Athens.
80:, the first revolt of which in Greece, broke out in Patras. In 19th century
64:
it remained a commercial city. The town experienced repeated conquests from
813:
801:
711:
645:
594:
441:
351:
347:
276:
195:
89:
65:
593:
It has been noted that during and in the aftermath of the suppressed 1770
797:
661:
490:, managed to get possession of it for a time. It was seized again by the
294:
149:
101:
97:
85:
742:
702:
809:
685:. The Orthodox metropolitan of Patras and member of the Filiki Etairia
574:
183:
37:
734:
16:
825:
817:
525:
306:
145:
49:
208:
996:
History of Modern Hellenism, the Great Greek Revolution (1821-1829)
940:
History of Modern Hellenism, the Great Greek Revolution (1821-1829)
425:
363:
318:
302:
298:
252:
117:
57:
951:
General Makrygiannis, "Memoirs", Book A, Chapter I, Athens, 1849,
88:, an important export harbour, and a cradle of the emerging Greek
512:
429:
367:
284:
179:
172:
164:
157:
800:
hampered the city's development and also created uncontrollable
892:
Revolutionary efforts in the Greek area after the naval battle
833:
786:
770:
763:
637:
543:
417:
272:
237:
233:
93:
81:
32:
271:), and bestowed the rights of colonists on the inhabitants of
790:
726:
578:
547:
280:
897:. Vol. 10. Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 320–321.
471:
355:
225:
965:
http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/makriyannis_3.html
255:
restored the ancient name Aroe, established a military
309:. New roads rendered the city a communication center.
581:, but the Turks recaptured it, with the rest of the "
240:. However, the League's armed force was destroyed by
1081:
History of the City of Patras from Antiquity to 1821
953:http://www.snhell.gr/testimonies/writer.asp?id=102
863:Cihannüma: Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi
907:
889:
1091:
528:. Under the Ottomans, it was called Baliabadra (
494:in 1430, which was immediately contested by the
160:Triclaria at her shrine on the river Meilichus.
26:as it was at the beginning of the 20th century.
1026:"Kathimerini.gr | Η Πάτρα του 19ου αιώνα"
865:, 1 (1), 67-93. DOI: 10.30517/cihannuma.283490
710:in Georgiou I Square, a work of the architect
48:. Patras reached the peak of its power in the
44:. In antiquity it was a leading member of the
600:
76:. Later on, it played a leading part in the
537:
40:and constituted an important centre of the
163:Mythology further tells us that after the
152:how to grow grain in the rich soil of the
1083:, Patrai 1952, (ed. Triantafyllou, K.N.)
914:. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 169.
741:
733:
725:
717:
701:
610:
511:
387:
335:
207:
199:
123:
111:
84:, it was the indisputable centre of the
15:
816:, Patras was a major target of Italian
754:. In 1829 the then Governor of Greece,
524:In 1458 Patras was conquered by Sultan
1092:
730:The tram in Patras, early 20th century
346:According to the Christian tradition,
242:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
435:
212:Roman retaining wall, Tsamadou street
632:Patras played a crucial role in the
244:after the defeat of the Achaeans at
13:
14:
1111:
291:Colonia Augusta Achaica Patrensis
830:executed all the male population
377:
1073:
1043:
1013:
1001:
988:
979:
697:
331:
969:
957:
945:
932:
901:
883:
868:
855:
846:
536:, the old town, as opposed to
501:
454:, the city became part of the
267:(not, as is usually said, the
20:The central square of Patras,
1:
894:Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous
839:
569:of the town and metropolitan
557:on the other, clashed in the
72:, Byzantines and finally the
354:during the reign of Emperor
189:
107:
7:
466:. In 1408, the city became
452:Geoffrey I of Villehardouin
224:) together with the cities
10:
1116:
1009:Historic Lexicon of Patras
908:Constantine David (2011).
890:Ioannis Chasiotis (1974).
852:Plutarch, Alcibiades, 15.3
604:
505:
439:
381:
204:Ruins of the Roman stadium
193:
1056:"Το ΒΗΜΑ onLine - ΒΙΒΛΙΑ"
660:was hiding in Patras and
634:Greek War of Independence
607:Greek War of Independence
601:Greek War of Independence
538:
533:
432:to the Byzantine throne.
350:came to Patras to preach
128:The Roman Odeon of Patras
994:Apostolos Vakalopoulos,
938:Apostolos Vakalopoulos,
571:Germanos I of Old Patras
78:Greek revolution of 1821
283:Ozolae except those of
875:Encyclopaedia of Islam
747:
746:Trion Symmachon Square
739:
731:
723:
715:
629:
521:
492:Despotate of the Morea
456:Principality of Achaea
397:
392:View of the Byzantine
343:
341:Saint Andrew of Patras
213:
205:
129:
121:
27:
1007:Triantafyllou, Κ.Ν.,
820:. At the time of the
745:
737:
729:
721:
705:
614:
515:
488:Manuel II Palaiologos
448:William of Champlitte
440:Further information:
391:
339:
259:of veterans from the
211:
203:
127:
115:
56:was founded there by
19:
1053:06/02/2000 Page S03
828:, the German troops
756:Ioannis Kapodistrias
617:Athanasios Kanakaris
583:Kingdom of the Morea
476:despots of the Morea
474:; in 1428 the joint
446:Captured in 1205 by
1079:Thomopoulos, St.N,
804:with the influx of
775:Great raisin crisis
667:Panagiotis Karatzas
658:Odysseas Androutsos
422:Arethas of Caesarea
222:Achaike Sympoliteia
52:, when an imperial
760:Stamatis Voulgaris
748:
740:
732:
724:
716:
630:
522:
486:, sons of Emperor
458:, the seat of the
436:Latin/Frankish era
398:
372:Council of Sardica
344:
214:
206:
130:
122:
28:
23:Plateia Georgiou I
1100:History of Patras
563:Battle of Lepanto
1107:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1058:. Archived from
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1028:. Archived from
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
983:
977:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
936:
930:
929:
905:
899:
898:
887:
881:
872:
866:
859:
853:
850:
738:The port in 1953
541:
540:
535:
464:Latin archbishop
460:Barony of Patras
384:Byzantine Greece
323:Lucius of Patrae
250:Battle of Actium
62:Byzantine period
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
993:
989:
984:
980:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
937:
933:
922:
906:
902:
888:
884:
873:
869:
860:
856:
851:
847:
842:
822:Axis occupation
700:
674:
670:
621:Siege of Patras
609:
603:
510:
504:
444:
438:
406:Slavonian siege
386:
380:
334:
319:Lucius Apuleius
198:
192:
165:Dorian invasion
138:Mycenean period
134:Middle Helladic
110:
38:prehistoric age
12:
11:
5:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1086:
1085:
1072:
1042:
1012:
1000:
987:
978:
968:
956:
944:
931:
920:
900:
882:
867:
854:
844:
843:
841:
838:
806:Greek refugees
779:western Europe
752:General Maison
722:Patras in 1896
708:Apollo Theatre
699:
696:
683:Agios Georgios
626:Peter von Hess
605:Main article:
602:
599:
587:swift campaign
559:Gulf of Patras
508:Ottoman Greece
506:Main article:
503:
500:
496:Ottoman Empire
437:
434:
382:Main article:
379:
376:
333:
330:
314:The Golden Ass
279:, and all the
218:Achaean League
194:Main article:
191:
188:
109:
106:
46:Achaean League
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1112:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1082:
1076:
1062:on 2007-09-29
1061:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1032:on 2012-02-15
1031:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
997:
991:
982:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
941:
935:
928:
923:
921:9780857719478
917:
913:
912:
904:
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893:
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871:
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858:
849:
845:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:. Trade with
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
744:
736:
728:
720:
713:
709:
704:
695:
692:
688:
684:
678:
677:
673:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Filiki Eteria
647:
643:
639:
635:
627:
623:
622:
618:
613:
608:
598:
596:
591:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
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531:
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519:
518:Edward Finden
514:
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453:
449:
443:
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427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
395:
394:Patras Castle
390:
385:
378:Byzantine era
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
342:
338:
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
299:cadastral map
296:
292:
288:
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274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
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210:
202:
197:
187:
185:
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178:
175:, led by the
174:
170:
167:, a group of
166:
161:
159:
155:
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147:
143:
139:
135:
126:
119:
114:
105:
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99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
34:
25:
24:
18:
1080:
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:the original
1050:
1045:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
995:
990:
981:
971:
959:
947:
939:
934:
925:
910:
903:
895:
891:
885:
877:
870:
862:
857:
848:
814:World War II
802:urban sprawl
795:
768:
749:
712:Ernst Ziller
698:Modern times
682:
679:
675:
671:
646:middle class
631:
615:
595:Orlov revolt
592:
552:
534:Παλαιά Πάτρα
523:
445:
442:Frankokratia
399:
352:Christianity
348:Saint Andrew
345:
332:Saint Andrew
327:
322:
312:
311:
290:
289:
265:12th legions
221:
215:
196:Roman Greece
162:
131:
90:middle class
42:Mycenean era
31:
30:The city of
29:
21:
1021:Kathimerini
798:World War I
691:Pouqueville
662:Makryiannis
619:during the
555:Holy League
502:Ottoman era
480:Constantine
400:During the
295:Gordian III
150:Triptolemus
102:West Greece
98:Peloponnese
86:Peloponnese
1066:2006-07-12
1036:2012-10-02
880:Baliabadra
840:References
810:Asia Minor
575:Morean War
414:Lacedaemon
307:flagstones
184:Alcibiades
116:A bust of
1023:14-10-01
826:Kalavryta
818:air raids
812:. During
781:, mainly
654:Ali Pasha
539:Νέα Πάτρα
526:Mehmed II
462:and of a
402:Byzantine
360:Byzantine
303:oil lamps
246:Scarpheia
190:Roman era
177:eponymous
108:Antiquity
60:. In the
50:Roman era
1094:Category
687:Germanos
585:", in a
484:Theodore
468:Venetian
426:Danielis
374:in 347.
364:basilica
285:Amphissa
253:Augustus
169:Achaeans
118:Antinous
74:Ottomans
58:Augustus
1051:To Vima
783:Britain
561:in the
430:Basil I
410:Methone
368:Balkans
362:-style
230:Triteia
180:Patreus
173:Laconia
158:Artemis
154:Glaucus
146:Mesatis
142:Antheia
918:
834:Athens
787:France
771:raisin
764:Athens
638:Achaea
567:elders
544:Venice
418:Corone
273:Rhypae
257:colony
238:Achaea
234:Pharai
94:Athens
82:Greece
70:Venice
66:Franks
54:colony
33:Patras
808:from
791:Italy
579:Morea
548:Genoa
530:Greek
281:Locri
171:from
916:ISBN
878:s.v.
789:and
706:The
642:Mani
640:and
546:and
482:and
472:Pope
450:and
416:and
356:Nero
297:. A
277:Dyme
275:and
269:22nd
263:and
261:10th
232:and
226:Dyme
144:and
100:and
624:by
317:of
220:" (
1096::
924:.
836:.
785:,
766:.
532::
498:.
478:,
412:,
287:.
228:,
104:.
68:,
1069:.
1039:.
628:.
520:.
396:.
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