1802:(r. 395–423), promised the Visigoths a home in southwest Gaul if they destroyed the invaders in Spain. They all but wiped out the Silingi and Alans. The remnant joined the Asding Vandals who had settled first in the northwest with the Sueves but south to Baetica. It is a mystery why the Visigoths were recalled by patrician Constantius (who in 418 married Honorius' sister who had been married briefly to the Visigothic king Ataulf). The Visigoths, the remnants of the two tribes who joined them and the Sueves were confined to a small area in the northwest of the peninsula. The diocese may even have been re-established with its capital at Mérida in 418. The Roman attempt under General Castorius to dislodge the Vandals from Cordoba failed in 422.
737:
3357:
2244:
1861:
level (which was practically moribund) the task of maintaining formal education and government shifted to the Church from the old ruling class of educated aristocrats and gentry. The clergy, for the most part, emerged as the qualified personnel to manage higher administration in concert with local powerful notables who gradually displaced the old town councils. As elsewhere in early medieval Europe, the church in
Hispania stood as society's most cohesive institution. The Visigoths are also responsible for the introduction of mainstream Christianity to the Iberian peninsula; the earliest representation of
83:
1916:– that proclaimed the imperial sovereignty and unity of the Visigothic state were introduced at Toledo. Still, civil war, royal assassinations, and usurpation were commonplace, and warlords and great landholders assumed wide discretionary powers. Bloody family feuds went unchecked. The Visigoths had acquired and cultivated the apparatus of the Roman state but not the ability to make it operate to their advantage. In the absence of a well-defined hereditary system of succession to the throne, rival factions encouraged foreign intervention by the
1978:
1069:
2857:
764:
752:
3286:
776:
4190:
1721:
4204:
1713:
1358:
2403:
1523:. Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use today. The Romanized Iberian populations and the Iberian-born descendants of Roman soldiers and colonists had all achieved the status of full Roman citizenship by the end of the 1st century. The Iberian denarii, also called
1809:
crossed over to North Africa in 429, an event which is considered to have been decisive in hastening the decline of the
Western Roman Empire. However, their departure allowed the Romans to recover 90% of the Iberian peninsula until 439. After the departure of the Vandals only the Sueves remained in a
1860:
Under the
Visigoths, culture was not as highly developed as it had been under Roman rule, when a goal of higher education had been to prepare gentlemen to take their places in municipal and imperial administration. With the collapse of the imperial administrative super-structure above the provincial
1700:. Bishops who had official civil as well as ecclesiastical status in the late empire continued to exercise their authority to maintain order when civil governments broke down there in the 5th century. The Council of Bishops became an important instrument of stability during the ascendancy of the
4501:, is "lo meylor Regne Despanya, el pus honrat, el pus noble" ("the best kingdom of Spain, the most honest, the most noble"); when it talks about the conflict that has existed for long "entre los sarrains e los chrestians, en Espanya" ("between Saracens and Christians, in Spain").
1687:
was introduced into
Hispania in the 1st century and it became popular in the cities in the 2nd century. However, little headway was made in the countryside, until the late 4th century, by which time Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire. Some
1012:. You, by right, are now the queen of all provinces, from whom the lights are given not only the sunset, but also the East. You are the honor and ornament of the orb and the most illustrious portion of the Earth ... And for this reason, long ago, the golden
4492:
When it talks about the different Kings, "los V regnes de
Espanya" ("The 5 Kingdoms of Spain"); when it talks about a military fort built by the Christians saying that it is "de los meylors de Espanya" ("from the best of Spain"); when it declared that
1814:
late the same year. Rome made attempts to restore control in 446 and 458. Success was temporary. After the death of emperor
Majorian in 461 Roman authority collapsed except in Tarraconensis the northeastern quadrant of the peninsula. The Visigoths, a
4745:
de Silva, A. J. M. (2012), Vivre au-delà du fleuve de l'Oubli. Portrait de la communauté villageoise du Castro do Vieito au moment de l'intégration du NO de la péninsule ibérique dans l'orbis
Romanum (estuaire du Rio Lima, NO du Portugal), Oxford,
1090:
Latin was the official language of
Hispania during Roman rule, which exceeded 600 years. By the empire's end in Hispania around 460 AD, all the original Iberian languages, except the ancestor of modern Basque, were extinct. Even after the
1819:, whose kingdom was located in southwest Gaul, took the province when they occupied Tarragona in 472. They also confined the Sueves who had ruled most of the region to Galicia and northern Portugal. In 484 the Visigoths established
1407:, and Hispania was divided into three separately governed provinces, and nine provinces by the 4th century. More importantly, Hispania was for 500 years part of a cosmopolitan world empire bound together by law, language, and the
2344:, and wines were some of the goods produced in Hispania and traded throughout the Empire. Gold mining was the most important activity in the north-west parts of the peninsula. This activity is attested in archaeological sites as
1427:
Some of the peninsula's population were admitted into the Roman aristocratic class and they participated in governing
Hispania and the Roman Empire, although there was a native aristocracy class who ruled each local tribe. The
2503:
El Housin Helal
Ouriachen, 2009, La ciudad bética durante la Antigüedad Tardía. Persistencias y mutaciones locales en relación con la realidad urbana del Mediterraneo y del Atlántico, Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Granada,
559:
is very disputed. The evidence for the various speculations is based merely upon what are at best mere resemblances, likely to be accidental, and suspect supporting evidence. The most commonly held theory holds it to be of
1483:), and reduced other native cities to mere villages. The peninsula's economy expanded under Roman tutelage. Hispania served as a granary and a major source of metals for the Roman market, and its harbors exported
2485:
Editorial Volvntad, S.A., Tomo primero, Vol. I Serie E. Madrid 1928. Melón was a member of the Royal Geographical Society of Madrid and a professor of geography at the Universities of Valladolid and Madrid. (In
2254:
In the 3rd century, under the Soldier Emperors, Hispania Nova (the northwestern corner of Spain) was split off from Tarraconensis, as a small province but the home of the only permanent legion in Hispania,
1888:
Visigothic overlords, whom the former considered heretical. At times this tension invited open rebellion, and restive factions within the Visigothic aristocracy exploited it to weaken the monarchy. In 589,
2331:
Before the Punic Wars, Hispania was a land with much untapped mineral and agricultural wealth, limited by the primitive subsistence economies of its native peoples outside of a few trading ports along the
1597:
1810:
northwest corner of the peninsula. Roman rule which had survived in the eastern quadrant was restored over most of Iberia until the Sueves occupied Mérida in 439, a move which coincides to the Vandal
1823:
as the capital of their kingdom. Successive Visigothic kings ruled Hispania as patricians who held imperial commissions to govern in the name of the Roman emperor. In 585 the Visigoths conquered the
1849:
to take back the peninsula from the Visigoths. This short-lived reconquest recovered only a small strip of land along the Mediterranean coast roughly corresponding to the ancient province of
7437:
7432:
1590:
7002:
4742:
2367:
6760:
4609:
La presencia de fenicios en la antigua Sevilla parece constatada por el topónimo Spal que en diversas lenguas semíticas significa "zona baja", "llanura verde" o "valle profundo"
2471:. Colección Austral de Espasa Calpe S.A., Madrid 1945 (first edition 8-XI-1945). García y Bellido was an archeologist and a professor at the University of Madrid. (In Spanish.)
2370:. Roman Spain experienced its three phases: the most humid interval in 550–190 BC, an arid interval in 190 BC–150 AD and another humid period in 150–350. In 134 BC the army of
82:
7457:
5420:
4645:
1583:
7007:
3735:
1909:
and the native Hispano-Romans. This alliance would not mark the last time in the history of the peninsula that political unity would be sought through religious unity.
1554:
managed to control Hispania Ulterior. Hispania was divided into three provinces in the 1st century BC. In the imperial era, three Roman emperors were born in Hispania:
7462:
2374:
in Spain had to march at night due to extreme heat, when some of its horses and mules died of thirst (even though earlier, in 181 BC, heavy spring rains prevented the
401:
387:
373:
348:
2293:), after the abolition of the imperial Tetrarchs under the Western Emperor (in Rome itself, later Ravenna). The diocese, with its capital at Emerita Augusta (modern
1369:
Roman armies invaded the Iberian peninsula in 218 BC and used it as a training ground for officers and as a proving ground for tactics during campaigns against the
4756:
Celia Martín-Puertas; et al. (March 2009). "The Iberian–Roman Humid Period (2600–1600 cal yr BP) in the Zoñar Lake varve record (Andalucía, southern Spain)".
613:
and therefore closely related to each other). Some Roman coins of the Emperor Hadrian, born in Hispania, depict Hispania and a rabbit. Others derive the word from
3751:
7012:
6689:
5796:
3393:
5131:
4920:
4557:
Living floors: The animal world in the mosaics of Israel and its surroundings / Ami Tamir,(Tel-Aviv, 2019),131;רצפות חיות: עולם החי בפסיפסי ארץ ישראל וסביבתה
3941:
2457:
1028:
have become increasingly associated with the Kingdom of Spain alone, although this process took several centuries. After the union of the central peninsular
4833:
1052:. Navarre followed soon after in 1512, and Portugal, after over 400 years as an independent and sovereign nation, in 1580. During this time, the concept of
4963:
2379:
996:
1219:
3957:
1985:
During the first stages of Romanization, the peninsula was divided in two by the Romans for administrative purposes. The closest one to Rome was called
7422:
7246:
5791:
2981:
7407:
1668:
This Hispania produces tough soldiers, very skilled captains, prolific speakers, luminous bards. It is a mother of judges and princes; it has given
1339:
colonization. These two processes defined Iberia's cultural landscape – Mediterranean towards the southeast and Continental in the northwest.
5413:
2811:
Temples and Towns of Roman Iberia: The Social and Architectural Dynamics of Sanctuary Designs from the Third century B.C. to the Third century A.D.
7467:
6824:
6754:
1270:
5037:
7241:
3314:
7160:
5267:
5406:
1573:, a Gallic rhetorician, dedicated part of his work to the depiction of the geography, climate and inhabitants of the peninsula, writing:
3693:
4426:
4258:
4236:
3058:
2878:
1128:
7303:
3189:
493:. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, initially as Hispania Nova, which was later renamed "Callaecia" (or
6745:
4956:
3997:
2442:. Tomo I. Barcelona, 1900. Altamira was a professor at the University of Oviedo, a member of the Royal Academy of History, of the
675:(Greek for 'city of the sun'). However, according to modern research by Manuel Pellicer Catalán, the name derives from Phoenician
7278:
4908:
3421:
1607:
1348:
950:, written between 1208 and 1276, there are many instances of this. The borders of modern Spain do not coincide with those of the
5065:
2224:
made a new division which lasted only a short time. He split Hispania Citerior again into two parts, creating the new provinces
7472:
7029:
6553:
5237:
4104:
4028:
3812:
130:
4091:
7298:
3867:
2772:
2097:
4580:
3527:
2340:
deposits developed Hispania into a thriving multifaceted economy. Several metals, olives, oil from Baetica, salted fish and
1008:, holy and always happy mother of princes and peoples, the most beautiful of all the lands that extend far from the West to
5484:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
5017:
4841:
4699:
3566:
3386:
6666:
4949:
4114:
4068:
3068:
3053:
3031:
2988:
1403:
proceeded quickly in some regions where there are references to the togati, and very slowly in others, after the time of
4661:
3455:
3173:
3086:
7417:
6951:
5926:
4993:
4813:
3179:
2221:
5074:
3915:
1869:. It also embodied the continuity of Roman order. Native Hispano-Romans continued to run the civil administration and
7039:
6075:
4709:
4533:
3307:
5313:
5257:
4523:
3160:
6792:
6631:
5303:
4834:"Climate Change during and after the Roman Empire: Reconstructing the Past from Scientific and Historical Evidence"
3598:
3008:
2297:), comprised the five peninsular Iberian provinces (Baetica, Gallaecia and Lusitania, each under a governor styled
1092:
5398:
4941:
7452:
7412:
7054:
6997:
6867:
6819:
6814:
6787:
6750:
6656:
6500:
5751:
5295:
5290:
4874:
4846:
4075:
3907:
3234:
3121:
2580:, written between the years 29 and 7 BC and touched up in AD 18. The most prestigious and widely used edition is
2038:
4621:
5819:
5743:
5732:
5092:
4676:
4453:
4229:
3276:
3253:
1284:
brought changes to the human landscape of Iberia (from the 5th millennium BC onwards), with the development of
2464:, created under the direction of Ramón Menéndez Pidal. Editorial Espasa-Calpe S.A., Madrid 1935. (In Spanish.)
1438:), large estates controlled by the aristocracy, were superimposed on the existing Iberian landholding system.
7427:
7069:
6887:
6661:
5886:
5520:
5222:
3973:
3728:
3606:
3218:
3197:
2453:. Editorial Espasa Calpe, S.A. Madrid, 1954. Camón was a professor at the University of Madrid. (In Spanish.)
2278:
1846:
430:
5027:
3108:
2581:
1223:
6992:
6956:
6782:
6323:
5429:
5359:
5227:
5207:
5139:
4421:
4253:
4148:
3661:
3645:
3501:
3300:
3238:
3222:
3135:
2963:
2933:
2836:
1755:
7059:
6583:
5806:
4989:
4175:
3787:
3103:
2958:
2926:
2412:
1056:
was still unchanged. It was after the restoration of Portugal's independence in 1640 when the concept of
736:
5318:
3356:
6919:
6616:
6546:
5212:
4122:
4096:
3550:
3038:
2883:
1570:
671:
258:
87:
Timeline of the Roman conquest of Hispania (220 BC–19 BC), with Roman provincial boundaries shown
5277:
4587:
3543:
2313:, which were detached from Tarraconensis during Diocletian's reign, and the North African province of
2133:
7447:
7313:
7093:
7019:
6765:
6709:
6704:
6003:
5945:
5756:
5262:
4494:
4222:
4158:
4143:
4036:
3981:
3336:
3242:
3184:
3093:
3073:
2654:
2443:
2418:
1898:
1824:
929:
31:
17:
5126:
4898:
1527:
by Roman soldiers, circulated until the 1st century BC, after which it was replaced by Roman coins.
699:
7288:
6934:
6809:
6606:
6343:
6328:
6152:
5881:
5828:
5824:
5786:
5718:
5539:
5202:
5179:
3891:
3883:
3820:
3494:
3437:
3230:
2888:
2069:
1811:
1476:
1352:
1319:
occurred. These were later (7th and 5th centuries BC) followed by others that can be identified as
180:
1415:
wrote that the soldiers from the Second Legion had become Hispanicized and regarded themselves as
780:
7049:
6907:
6646:
6147:
6094:
6031:
5871:
5861:
5690:
5660:
5022:
4998:
3934:
3147:
2600:
translation (with Greek text) is H.L. Jones, vol. I–VIII, London 1917ff., ND London 1931ff.
2361:
2243:
1400:
1316:
622:, meaning 'hidden', and make it indicate "a hidden", that is, "a remote", or "far-distant land".
510:
169:
5247:
4888:
4431:
2757:
The Romanization of Central Spain: Complexity, Diversity, and Change in a Provincial Hinterland.
1110:, and the regional changes which led to the modern Iberian Romance languages had already begun.
900:, among others, to refer to Roman Hispania or Visigothic Hispania was common throughout all the
6987:
6636:
6626:
6353:
5680:
5079:
4375:
4109:
3836:
3637:
3141:
3048:
2998:
1634:
728:
490:
421:
66:
6830:
5354:
5242:
5232:
4806:
The Romanization of Central Spain: Complexity, Diversity and Change in a Provincial Hinterland
3804:
3366:
1546:("Farther Hispania"). The long wars of conquest lasted two centuries, and only by the time of
1234:
1198:
reached its maximum extent, during the 30th millennium BC, these modern humans took refuge in
7326:
7283:
7180:
7140:
7115:
6924:
6872:
6539:
6368:
6137:
5950:
5876:
5469:
4163:
4153:
4083:
3875:
3260:
3226:
3098:
1881:
1736:
1729:
1630:
3669:
2125:
1830:
A century later, taking advantage of a struggle for the throne between the Visigothic kings
1732:
in 406. After three years of depredation and wandering about northern and western Gaul, the
7213:
7145:
7135:
6982:
6941:
6929:
6596:
6506:
6023:
5675:
5507:
5477:
5169:
5088:
5003:
4767:
4353:
4336:
3859:
3614:
3462:
3167:
3018:
2968:
2903:
2680:
2662:
2520:
2383:
2314:
1943:
domination of the zone that the idea of a peninsular unity is sought after, and the phrase
1145:
901:
840:
518:
380:
1575:
8:
7263:
7150:
7130:
7120:
6902:
6877:
6641:
6512:
6467:
6285:
6275:
5937:
5766:
5713:
5708:
5481:
5342:
5143:
5116:
4758:
4724:
Kulikowski, M. The Career of the 'comes Hispanarum' Asterius, Phoenix, 2000a,54: 123-141.
4448:
4331:
4285:
4268:
3852:
3685:
3442:
3398:
3213:
2845:
2326:
2265:
2054:
1866:
1195:
1172:
1085:
1045:
965:
768:
610:
565:
353:
268:
4771:
1758:, a Roman usurper. The Suevi established a kingdom in Gallaecia in what is today modern
7258:
7253:
7155:
7125:
7074:
6914:
6897:
6836:
6733:
6699:
6591:
6363:
6338:
6245:
6220:
6109:
5993:
5843:
5655:
5452:
5373:
5182:
5173:
4783:
4358:
3965:
3778:
3769:
3582:
3470:
3373:
3265:
2953:
2908:
2873:
2745:
Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World 24. Leiden, The Netherlands, and Boston: Brill.
2646:
2549:
2310:
2137:
2129:
1936:
1873:
continued to be the language of government and of commerce on behalf of the Visigoths.
1799:
1124:
1041:
1029:
991:
955:
626:
532:
514:
366:
3760:
3653:
2022:
958:, and thus medieval Spain and modern Spain exist in separate contexts. The Latin term
695:'western land' had already been used by the Greeks to refer to the Italian peninsula.
7402:
7273:
7185:
7170:
7165:
7105:
7044:
7034:
6946:
6855:
6841:
6797:
6776:
6714:
6490:
6197:
6187:
6182:
6086:
6056:
5853:
5703:
5594:
5584:
5559:
5554:
5332:
5012:
4809:
4705:
4529:
4370:
4365:
4273:
4263:
3989:
3828:
3743:
3129:
3043:
3003:
2948:
2768:
2674:
2371:
2333:
2062:
2045:
2026:
2005:
1953:
1542:
1536:
1262:
1242:
1203:
1168:
1073:
1049:
1037:
1033:
987:
941:
937:
756:
509:(AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as
474:
470:
458:
117:
108:
4787:
2124:. It included a little less territory than present-day Andalusia—since modern
2121:
2107:
in that same year returned to make a new division leaving the provinces as follows:
1106:, Latin was spoken by nearly all of the population, but in its common form known as
103:
7367:
7360:
7205:
7064:
6970:
6892:
6802:
6770:
6684:
6574:
6566:
6426:
6421:
6378:
6333:
6240:
5985:
5975:
5965:
5913:
5650:
5642:
5428:
5381:
5112:
5046:
4977:
4971:
4775:
4465:
4390:
4314:
4290:
3345:
2943:
2866:
2666:
2597:
2584:'s, published in Paris at the end of the 19th century, one volume, with 2 columns,
2562:
2256:
2116:
1994:
1850:
1839:
1689:
1626:
1621:
1215:
1096:
1077:
946:
883:
662:
658:
634:
99:
2294:
2169:
1468:
854:('reconquest') of Spain, is believed to be the first extended history of Spain in
7442:
7233:
7228:
7024:
6719:
6651:
6406:
6396:
6303:
6255:
6210:
6129:
6051:
6036:
5955:
5698:
5602:
5574:
5549:
5531:
5327:
5272:
5157:
5148:
5120:
5060:
4594:
4525:
A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic
4498:
4319:
4052:
4013:
3703:
3290:
2710:
2698:
2670:
2593:
2205:
2165:
2030:
1902:
1816:
1759:
1733:
1655:
1394:
1362:
1258:
1207:
1199:
1183:
1151:
969:
740:
703:
606:
594:
498:
112:
5187:
4779:
2196:(Tarragona). After gaining maximum importance this province was simply known as
1993:. The frontier between both was a sinuous line which ran from Cartago Nova (now
1241:
that lessened the harsh conditions of the Ice Age. The populations sheltered in
904:. A document dated 1292 mentions the names of foreigners from Medieval Spain as
7376:
7293:
7268:
7195:
7110:
6694:
6621:
6416:
6411:
6401:
6348:
6293:
6104:
5998:
5970:
5960:
5838:
5627:
5622:
5579:
5569:
5492:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
5369:
5363:
5345:
5298:
5190:
5165:
5042:
5032:
4893:
4208:
4020:
3949:
3712:
3630:
3574:
2785:
Edited by Simon Keay and Nicola Terrenato, 117–144. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
2642:
2607:
2585:
2569:
Other classical sources have been accessed second-hand (see references above):
1998:
1913:
1697:
1693:
1640:
1336:
1305:
1250:
976:
and political name, continued to be used geographically and politically in the
951:
653:) who felt that this might strongly hint at an ancient name for the country of
646:
561:
466:
462:
449:
441:
52:
4647:
A System of Ancient and Mediæval Geography for the Use of Schools and Colleges
4599:. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla. 1998. p. 93
2734:
Abad Casal, Lorenzo, Simon Keay, and Sebastián F. Ramallo Asensio, eds. 2006.
2382:). Through the 2nd century AD warm temperatures dominated particularly in the
2345:
1977:
1068:
7396:
7334:
7190:
6298:
6250:
6215:
6205:
6114:
5814:
5617:
5612:
5564:
5544:
5473:
5457:
5349:
5098:
5051:
5008:
4044:
3590:
3013:
2993:
2702:
2407:
2349:
2290:
2270:
2188:
1820:
1650:
1645:
1463:
1332:
522:
201:
145:
132:
5199:
7381:
7339:
7223:
7079:
6496:
6313:
6308:
6260:
6046:
6013:
6008:
5833:
5607:
5485:
5377:
5308:
5252:
5161:
5108:
5070:
5056:
4973:
4348:
4194:
3063:
2636:
2632:
2393:
to 180. After about 200 the temperatures fluctuated, trending toward cool.
2375:
1877:
1684:
1677:
1563:
1551:
1301:
1191:
1163:
entered Iberia and eventually took refuge from the advancing migrations of
1139:
1134:
1107:
454:
244:
184:
2336:. Occupation by the Carthaginians and then by the Romans for its abundant
2072:
divided Hispania into three parts, namely dividing Hispania Ulterior into
7321:
7218:
6611:
6519:
6391:
6358:
6270:
6225:
6099:
6041:
5387:
5337:
5285:
5217:
5153:
4438:
4326:
4302:
3558:
3517:
2856:
2762:
2516:
2469:
España y los españoles hace dos mil años (según la Geografía de Estrabón)
2049:
comprised the eastern part of former Castilla la Vieja, and what are now
2018:
1842:
1378:
1285:
1211:
1160:
1156:
855:
850:
763:
727:, who is mentioned for the first time in the work of the Roman historian
712:'lip', but also 'border, edge', thus meaning the farthest area or place.
698:
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Jesuits scholars like Larramendi and
6386:
6230:
5632:
5461:
5194:
5084:
4596:
SPAL: Revista de prehistoria y arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla
4415:
3509:
2938:
2534:
2299:
1835:
1530:
Hispania was separated into two provinces (in 197 BC), each ruled by a
1430:
1408:
1312:
1246:
1238:
1230:
892:
751:
540:
502:
478:
1770:
Vandals, also established a kingdom in another part of Gallaecia. The
1296:
and had one of its oldest and main centres in the territory of modern
1060:
started to shift and be applied to all the Peninsula except Portugal.
986:, 'Praise to Hispania', to describe the history of the peoples of the
7175:
6882:
6172:
6061:
5670:
5665:
5280:
4936:
4410:
4385:
4380:
4279:
2898:
2893:
2628:
2260:
2248:
2201:
2173:
2160:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2058:
2010:
1958:
1940:
1929:
1775:
1748:
1701:
1508:
1450:
1382:
1328:
1324:
1281:
1099:
973:
715:
During Antiquity and Middle Ages, the literary texts derive the term
614:
506:
494:
486:
194:
1704:. The last vestiges of (Western·classical) Roman rule ended in 472.
1411:. But the impact of Hispania on the newcomers was also substantial.
775:
6518: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
6265:
6235:
6157:
5866:
5781:
5489:
5136:
5103:
4443:
4309:
4297:
2624:
2286:
2213:
2209:
2177:
2149:
2104:
2089:
2034:
2014:
1906:
1894:
1885:
1787:
1779:
1767:
1763:
1547:
1458:
1404:
1390:
1374:
1370:
1297:
1289:
569:
527:
2799:
Ancient Society and History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
1798:. In an effort to retrieve the region, the Western Roman emperor,
1794:
Vandals briefly occupied parts of South Iberia in the province of
1323:. Eventually urban cultures developed in southern Iberia, such as
1214:
became extinct and local modern human cultures thrived, producing
6531:
6462:
6318:
6177:
6119:
5882:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
5776:
5771:
5761:
4343:
3899:
2617:
2603:
2406:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2305:
2193:
2073:
1962:
1925:
1890:
1865:
in Spanish religious art can be found in a Visigothic hermitage,
1831:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1744:
1673:
1559:
1531:
1254:
1187:
1180:
638:
573:
482:
232:
121:
4662:"Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names"
1876:
Religion was the most persistent source of friction between the
1754:
moved into Iberia in September or October 409 at the request of
6472:
4909:
Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
4400:
3478:
2913:
2759:
Routledge Classical Monographs. London and New York: Routledge.
2573:
2337:
2050:
1921:
1917:
1862:
1854:
1669:
1555:
1492:
1442:
1412:
1293:
1176:
977:
905:
895:
724:
602:
394:
220:
4914:
2366:
Precipitation levels were unusually high during the so-called
2136:
were left outside—plus the southern zone of present-day
1393:(r. 27 BC–AD 14) was able to complete the conquest (see
870:('Spaniards') to refer to Medieval Hispania. The use of Latin
6562:
6167:
6162:
6142:
4733:
E.A. Thompson, The Visigoths in Spain, 1969 pp. 114–131.
4460:
4405:
4395:
2589:
2341:
1966:
1870:
1806:
1771:
1751:
1740:
1720:
1712:
1520:
1504:
1386:
1357:
1274:
1266:
1164:
1103:
1057:
1053:
1009:
1005:
805:
800:
536:
513:, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the
165:
58:
4926:
2152:, from Wadi-Anas) separated Hispania Baetica from Lusitania.
1696:, but overall the local bishops remained subordinate to the
833:, are not easily interchangeable, depending on context. The
2717:
2692:
2621:
2425:
2282:
1605:
1516:
1512:
1500:
1496:
1484:
1320:
1072:
Linguistic map: This shows the Linguistic variation of the
1013:
720:
435:
5476:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
4548:
Zvi Herman, קרתגו המעצמה הימית (Massadah Ltd, 1963), 105.
4427:
Timeline of the Muslim Occupation of the Iberian peninsula
2781:
Keay, Simon J. 2001. "Romanization and the Hispaniae." In
2741:
Bowes, Kim, and Michael Kulikowski, eds. and trans. 2005.
2500:, Volumen II. Editorial Debate, Madrid 1994. (In Spanish.)
1315:, the first wave of migrations into Iberia of speakers of
1728:
The undoing of Roman Spain was the result of four tribes
1488:
7438:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
7433:
States and territories established in the 3rd century BC
2523:, which was accessed in the version of 27 February 2005.
2476:
História de Portugal. Primeiro Volume: Antes de Portugal
1133:
The Iberian peninsula has long been inhabited, first by
691:'farthest western land' by Roman writers since the name
481:, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces,
2783:
Italy and the West: Comparative Issues in Romanization.
2763:
Jesús Bermejo Tirado and Ignasi Grau Mira, ed. (2022).
839:('The History of Spain') written on the initiative of
5912:
4931:
4276:(all languages spoken, past & present, in Iberia)
2596:
translation is Tardieu, París 1886. The most reputed
1897:
before the Council of Bishops at Toledo and accepted
1397:). Until then, much of Hispania remained autonomous.
4755:
2478:, Lisboa, Círculo de Leitores, 1992. (in Portuguese)
2435:, Publicações Europa-América, 1988. (In Portuguese.)
1905:), thus assuring an alliance between the Visigothic
997:
Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum
7458:
3rd-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
4677:"Paul Lebel, Les noms de personnes en France, 1946"
2303:; and Carthaginiensis, Tarraconensis, each under a
645:. This was revived for instance by the etymologist
531:. The name Hispania was also used in the period of
5506:
685:highly unlikely. Occasionally Hispania was called
637:origin and derived it from the pre-Roman name for
7463:5th-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
4831:
4803:
2743:Hispania in Late Antiquity: Current Perspectives.
1233:period, beginning in the 10th millennium BC, the
865:
859:
843:
834:
7394:
2695:have been lost, but we can read them via Florus.
2440:Historia de España y de la civilización española
1389:. It was not until 19 BC that the Roman emperor
1361:Hispania under Caesar Augustus's rule after the
1048:were left to complete the whole peninsula under
928:) were often used in the Middle Ages, while the
848:('the Wise'), between 1260 and 1274, during the
676:
617:
4664:. Houlston and Wright – via Google Books.
681:'lowland', rendering the above explanations of
625:Other far-fetched theories have been proposed.
4937:Ex Officina Hispana- Ancient Ceramics in Spain
4832:Michael McCormick; et al. (Autumn 2012).
2493:. Espasa Calpe S.A. Madrid 2001. (In Spanish.)
2451:Las artes y los pueblos de la España primitiva
2446:and of the Instituto de Coimbra. (In Spanish.)
1827:, and thus controlled almost all of Hispania.
6547:
6499:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
5414:
4957:
4230:
3308:
2738:Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology.
2689:Epitome of the History of Titus Livius (Livy)
1965:under whose rule Hispania is dealt with as a
1591:
1441:The Romans improved existing cities, such as
886:
877:
4827:
4825:
4660:Charnock, Richard Stephen (March 17, 1859).
2792:Portsmouth, RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology
2736:Early Roman Towns in Hispania Tarraconensis.
1951:designated all of the peninsula's lands. In
707:
588:
6522:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
2804:Roman Iberia: Economy, Society and Culture.
2765:The Archaeology of Peasantry in Roman Spain
2547:
1972:
981:
959:
923:
917:
911:
871:
828:
814:
794:
686:
582:
576:
572:. Specifically, it may derive from a Punic
44:
6554:
6540:
5421:
5407:
4964:
4950:
4799:
4797:
4259:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
4237:
4223:
3315:
3301:
1598:
1584:
1129:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
81:
7423:Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula
5456:. Provincial administration reformed and
4822:
4687:(275): 406–408 – via www.persee.fr.
2396:
2386:, punctuated by further cool spells from
1335:Iberia, with strong competition from the
7408:Ancient history of the Iberian Peninsula
5430:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
4698:Baruque, Julio Valdeón (June 17, 2002).
4659:
4570:, vol. 4 (Paris: Buisson, 1810–29), 318.
4522:Burke, Ulick Ralph (November 17, 2008).
2426:Modern sources in Spanish and Portuguese
2242:
1976:
1724:The Iberian Peninsula in the year 560 AD
1719:
1711:
1356:
1167:. In the 40th millennium BC, during the
1067:
774:
762:
759:is the oldest surviving Roman lighthouse
750:
735:
4794:
4697:
4674:
2790:The Archaeology of Early Roman Baetica.
2750:Roman Spain: Conquest and Assimilation.
2645:(390–418) historian, follower of
2563:Notitia Dignitatum: text - IntraText CT
2508:
2232:. In the year 238 the unified province
1716:Iberian Peninsula (AD 530–AD 570)
1609:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
1349:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
741:Archaeological Roman Ensemble of Mérida
14:
7468:3rd-century BC establishments in Spain
7395:
3966:Revolution and Asturian miners' strike
2818:The Romans in Spain. History of Spain.
2724:, Book CXLII of Livy's surviving work.
2661:, an historical guide translated into
1210:. In the millennia that followed, the
1179:by modern humans occurred. These were
609:(Phoenician-Punic and Hebrew are both
489:, while Hispania Citerior was renamed
6825:Natural Sites of Community Importance
6535:
6452:
6451:
5911:
5505:
5441:
5402:
4945:
4521:
2156:Provincia Hispania Ulterior Lusitania
2128:and a great portion of what today is
2068:In 27 BC, the general and politician
1579:
1311:During the 1st millennium BC, in the
448:
5273:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4917:: A Map of Roman Spain and Portugal.
4842:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
2813:Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
2540:
2462:Historia de España. España romana, I
1893:, a Visigothic ruler, renounced his
1707:
583:
7304:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
4675:Monfrin, Jacques (March 17, 1946).
4568:Précis de la géographie universelle
4497:, one of the integral parts of the
4115:Catalan declaration of independence
2112:Provincia Hispania Ulterior Baetica
1237:occurred. This was an interstadial
1076:at about 200 BC (at the end of the
601:) meaning literally 'island of the
598:
24:
6561:
5213:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2728:
2515:This article draws heavily on the
2281:(also comprising the provinces of
1947:is first spoken. Up to that date,
1928:in internal disputes and in royal
1884:) native Hispano-Romans and their
1845:sent an army under the command of
1692:emerged in Hispania, most notably
1249:) migrated and recolonized all of
517:and the North African province of
25:
7484:
5149:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4868:
3054:Imperial decline, war, and revolt
2709:written in Latin in the times of
1342:
972:, like with Roman Hispania, as a
5862:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
5488:in c. 640–660, although in
5338:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
5080:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4704:. Real Academia de la Historia.
4202:
4188:
3355:
3284:
3174:Processo Revolucionário Em Curso
3009:War of the Portuguese Succession
2855:
2797:Late Roman Spain and its Cities.
2529:Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte
2401:
2247:Provinces of Hispania under the
2226:Provincia Hispania Nova Citerior
2025:, a great portion of the former
1175:, the first large settlement of
940:version interchangeably. In the
665:root whose meaning is now lost.
465:, Hispania was divided into two
399:
385:
371:
346:
27:Roman province (218 BC – 472 AD)
6868:Autonomous communities of Spain
5472:established after the death of
4749:
4736:
4727:
4718:
4701:Las Raices Medievales de España
4691:
4668:
4486:
3908:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
2752:London and New York: Routledge.
2683:(between 1st and 2nd century).
2610:astronomer of the 2nd century)
2384:mountains along the north coast
2220:By the 3rd century the emperor
1912:Court ceremonials – from
1253:. In this period one finds the
7279:National and regional identity
5820:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
5744:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
4653:
4638:
4614:
4573:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4515:
4454:Timeline of Portuguese history
1036:in the 15th century under the
669:may alternatively derive from
13:
1:
7473:5th-century disestablishments
5887:Tripolitania (Roman province)
5465:
4474:
4282:(Early Iberian civilization)
3607:War of the Spanish Succession
2701:. Believed to be a Gaul with
2635:in 389, which he read to the
2578:Geographiká. Book III, Iberia
2555:
2387:
2279:praetorian prefecture of Gaul
2061:, and a major part of former
1422:
1118:
980:, as shown in the expression
4921:Roman buildings in Barcelona
4899:Resources in other libraries
4422:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
4254:List of Roman sites in Spain
3567:Colonisation of the Americas
3136:Portugal during World War II
2964:Portuguese House of Burgundy
2934:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
2498:Historia ilustrada de España
2483:Geografía histórica española
2444:Geographic Society of Lisbon
2433:O Domínio Romano em Portugal
1063:
1032:with the eastern peninsular
677:
618:
577:
550:
535:. The modern place names of
521:, were later grouped into a
436:
7:
7299:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
6495: Re-established after
5807:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
5442:
4780:10.1016/j.yqres.2008.10.004
3104:Portugal during World War I
2824:
2795:Kulikowski, Michael. 2004.
2685:Compendium of Roman History
2631:on Hispania to the emperor
2467:García y Bellido, Antonio,
2184:Provincia Hispania Citerior
1206:, after retreating through
589:
179:Traditional indigenous and
10:
7489:
4923:(archived 30 October 2010)
4804:Leonard A Curchin (2004).
4622:"La Emergencia de Sevilla"
4105:2008–2014 financial crisis
2884:Roman conquest of Hispania
2755:Curchin, Leonard A. 2003.
2748:Curchin, Leonard A. 1991.
2651:Historiae adversus paganos
2521:Spanish-language Knowledge
2438:Altamira y Crevea, Rafael
2368:Iberian–Roman Humid Period
2359:
2355:
2324:
2320:
2263:reform in AD 293, the new
2122:Corduba, presently Córdoba
1571:Latinius Pacatus Drepanius
1346:
1122:
1113:
1083:
910:. Latin expressions using
425:
59:
29:
7418:Portugal in the Roman era
7354:
7312:
7204:
7101:
7092:
6978:
6969:
6863:
6854:
6741:
6732:
6677:
6582:
6573:
6485:
6468:Quaestura exercitus (536)
6458:
6447:
6377:
6284:
6196:
6128:
6085:
6074:
6022:
5984:
5936:
5925:
5921:
5907:
5852:
5805:
5742:
5731:
5689:
5641:
5593:
5530:
5519:
5515:
5501:
5448:
5437:
4985:
4911:(archived 6 October 2008)
4894:Resources in your library
4714:– via Google Books.
4538:– via Google Books.
4418:(Muslim Medieval Iberia)
4037:Spain during World War II
3868:Regency of María Cristina
3736:Regency of María Cristina
2809:Mierse, William E. 1999.
2496:Urbieto Arteta, Antonio,
2491:Diccionario Espasa Íberos
2419:Federal Research Division
2378:from relieving the Roman
1899:Chalcedonian Christianity
1825:Suebic Kingdom of Galicia
1774:established a kingdom in
1766:. The Alans' allies, the
1617:
1292:. This spread to most of
1290:European Megalith Culture
1288:and the beginning of the
803:root for the modern name
731:, in the 1st century BC.
325:
321:
311:
307:
302:
298:
288:
278:
274:
264:
254:
250:
238:
226:
214:
210:
200:
190:
175:
161:
92:
80:
75:
39:
32:Hispania (disambiguation)
6957:Wars and armed conflicts
6597:Ancient History Timeline
6344:Palaestina III Salutaris
5540:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
4808:. Routledge. p. 7.
4627:. Universidad de Sevilla
4092:1981 coup d'état attempt
3892:Spain during World War I
3471:Kingdom of the Visigoths
2889:Romanization of Hispania
2816:Richardson, J. S. 1996.
2691:. The relevant texts of
2561:; one edition online is
2070:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
1989:and the more remote one
1973:Administrative divisions
1562:(r. 117–138), and
1540:("Hither Hispania") and
1353:Romanization of Hispania
1331:colonization of coastal
1095:and the invasion of the
6657:Transition to democracy
6632:Reaction and revolution
6511: Placed under the
5872:Mauretania Caesariensis
5691:Diocese of the Britains
4076:Transition to democracy
3180:Transition to democracy
3148:Portuguese Colonial War
3069:Constitutional Monarchy
3049:Great Lisbon earthquake
2788:Keay, Simon, ed. 1998.
2720:) (59 BC–17 BC).
2614:, geographic guidebook.
2612:Geographiké Hyphaégesis
2460:; and Ferrandis, José.
2362:Climate of Ancient Rome
2269:became one of the four
2009:comprised what are now
1317:Indo-European languages
1269:river), as well as the
930:Spain Romance languages
906:
896:
866:
860:
844:
835:
555:The origin of the word
240:• AD 379 – AD 395
228:• AD 117 – AD 138
170:Paleohispanic languages
7453:210s BC establishments
7413:Spain in the Roman era
7247:International Interest
7055:Science and technology
6751:Autonomous communities
6354:Phoenice II Libanensis
6057:Macedonia II Salutaris
5470:praetorian prefectures
5432:(4th–7th centuries AD)
5195:Late Antique/Medieval)
5038:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4110:2017 Barcelona attacks
3942:Provisional Government
3813:Provisional Government
3686:Absolutist restoration
3638:Abdications of Bayonne
2999:Portuguese Renaissance
2802:Lowe, Benedict. 2009.
2653:, the first Christian
2548:
2474:Mattoso, José (dir.),
2456:Bosch Gimpera, Pedro;
2397:Sources and references
2251:
2100:to Hispania Citerior.
1982:
1812:occupation of Carthage
1725:
1717:
1682:
1366:
1218:such as that found in
1081:
1018:
982:
960:
954:of Hispania or of the
924:
918:
912:
887:
878:
872:
829:
815:
795:
788:
787:), Alentejo, Portugal.
772:
760:
748:
747:), Extremadura, Spain.
729:Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus
708:
700:José Francisco de Isla
687:
543:are both derived from
491:Hispania Tarraconensis
445:
290:• Disestablished
216:• AD 98 – AD 117
45:
7284:National Day of Spain
6076:Praetorian prefecture
5951:Noricum mediterraneum
5927:Praetorian prefecture
5877:Mauretania Sitifensis
5772:Picenum Suburbicarium
5733:Praetorian prefecture
5521:Praetorian prefecture
5468: 293. Permanent
4980:in modern territories
4650:(New York, 1849), 14.
4097:Madrid train bombings
3974:1936 general election
3876:Reign of Alfonso XIII
3662:Constitution of Cádiz
3099:Monarchy of the North
2517:corresponding article
2273:—governed by a
2259:. After Diocletian's
2246:
2192:), whose capital was
2164:), whose capital was
2120:), whose capital was
1981:Roman Hispania in 125
1980:
1961:appears as the first
1723:
1715:
1666:
1360:
1347:Further information:
1265:(to the mouth of the
1071:
1002:
925:omnes reges Hispaniae
781:Roman Temple of Évora
778:
766:
754:
739:
702:tied the name to the
162:Common languages
7428:New Testament places
6888:Constitutional Court
6507:Diocese of Illyricum
6501:Prefecture of Africa
6256:Galatia II Salutaris
6024:Diocese of Macedonia
5914:Eastern Roman Empire
5676:Mauretania Tingitana
5508:Western Roman Empire
4932:Hispania Epigraphica
4927:Amphorae ex Hispania
4432:History of Andalucía
4354:Celtiberian language
4337:Lusitanian mythology
4123:Coronavirus pandemic
4084:Current constitution
4069:Contemporary history
3884:Spanish–American War
3860:Reign of Alfonso XII
3752:Regency of Espartero
3729:Reign of Isabella II
3615:Nueva Planta Decrees
3463:Kingdom of the Suebi
3168:Carnation Revolution
3019:Dutch-Portuguese War
2681:Lucius Anneus Florus
2509:Other modern sources
2348:(Spain) and Casais (
2315:Mauretania Tingitana
2240:was re-established.
1747:, together with the
1569:In the 4th century,
1566:(r. 379–395).
1327:, influenced by the
1245:(descendants of the
1146:Homo heidelbergensis
964:, often used during
841:Alfonso X of Castile
605:', referring to the
519:Mauretania Tingitana
450:[hɪsˈpaːnia]
381:Kingdom of the Suebi
30:For other uses, see
6831:Plazas de soberanía
6513:Quaestura exercitus
6286:Diocese of the East
6276:Pontus Polemoniacus
5938:Diocese of Pannonia
5767:Lucania et Bruttium
5714:Maxima Caesariensis
5709:Flavia Caesariensis
5170:Sardinia (Classical
5043:Bulgaria (Classical
4772:2009QuRes..71..108M
4759:Quaternary Research
4566:Conrad Malte-Brun,
4449:History of Portugal
4411:Visigothic Hispania
4401:Vandals in Hispania
4332:Lusitanian language
4286:Tartessian language
4269:Carthaginian Iberia
3998:Nationalist victory
3919:of Dámaso Berenguer
3805:Sexenio Democrático
3788:Glorious Revolution
3694:Sexenio Absolutista
3544:Early modern period
3443:Diocese of Hispania
3291:Portugal portal
2592:. The most reputed
2458:Aguado Bleye, Pedro
2449:Aznar, José Camón,
2327:Economy of Hispania
2266:Diocese of Hispania
1867:Santa Maria de Lara
1558:(r. 98–117),
1235:Allerød Oscillation
1186:originating on the
1086:Languages of Iberia
1020:In modern history,
769:Aqueduct of Segovia
611:Canaanite languages
566:Phoenician language
354:Carthaginian Iberia
280:• Established
269:Classical antiquity
142: /
7060:Telecommunications
6761:Biosphere Reserves
6662:Contemporary Spain
6652:Spain under Franco
6592:Prehistoric Iberia
6364:Syria II Salutaris
6221:Armenian Satrapies
5994:Dacia Mediterranea
5916:(395–c. 640)
5844:Venetia et Histria
5752:Apulia et Calabria
5453:Notitia Dignitatum
5089:Corsica (Classical
5009:Armenia (Classical
4990:Albania (Classical
4359:Celtiberian script
4209:History portal
3779:Bienio progresista
3770:Second Carlist War
3670:Treaty of Valençay
3528:Christian kingdoms
3399:Carthaginian Spain
3374:Prehistoric Iberia
2989:Imperial expansion
2954:County of Portugal
2909:Visigothic Kingdom
2874:Prehistoric Iberia
2820:Oxford: Blackwell.
2806:London: Duckworth.
2707:Historia universal
2550:notitia dignitatum
2380:siege of Contrebia
2252:
2230:Asturiae-Calleciae
1983:
1937:Isidore of Seville
1924:, and finally the
1730:crossing the Rhine
1726:
1718:
1367:
1125:Prehistoric Iberia
1082:
1030:Kingdom of Castile
992:Isidore of Seville
956:Visigothic Kingdom
907:Gracien d'Espaigne
789:
773:
761:
749:
719:from an eponymous
627:Isidore of Sevilla
367:Visigothic Kingdom
7390:
7389:
7350:
7349:
7274:Myths and legends
7242:National Interest
7088:
7087:
7040:Largest companies
6965:
6964:
6952:Political parties
6920:Foreign relations
6850:
6849:
6798:Iberian Peninsula
6746:Autonomous cities
6728:
6727:
6529:
6528:
6491:Septem Provinciae
6481:
6480:
6453:Other territories
6443:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6226:Armenia III (536)
6198:Diocese of Pontus
6188:Phrygia Salutaris
6183:Phrygia Pacatiana
6087:Diocese of Thrace
6070:
6069:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5854:Diocese of Africa
5727:
5726:
5595:Diocese of Vienne
5585:Maxima Sequanorum
5497:
5496:
5396:
5395:
5378:Thrace (Classical
5370:Turkey (Classical
5162:Sicily (Classical
5109:Greece (Classical
5071:Cyprus (Classical
5057:Crimea (Classical
5052:Britain (England)
4875:Library resources
4406:Alans in Hispania
4371:Hispania Ulterior
4366:Hispania Citerior
4274:Iberian languages
4264:Iberian peninsula
4247:
4246:
4164:Religious history
3853:Restoration Spain
3829:Third Carlist War
3821:Reign of Amadeo I
3744:First Carlist War
3551:Catholic Monarchs
3456:Early Middle Ages
3394:Pre-Roman peoples
3325:
3324:
3198:COVID-19 pandemic
3130:Ditadura Nacional
3059:Transfer of Court
3044:House of Braganza
3004:Portuguese Empire
2949:Almoravid dynasty
2879:Pre-Roman Peoples
2774:978-3-11-075741-5
2703:Roman citizenship
2675:Abd-ar-Rahman III
2659:Hispania Universa
2655:universal history
2541:Classical sources
2489:Pellón, José R.,
2372:Scipio Aemilianus
2238:Hispania Citerior
2200:and it comprised
2063:Castilla la Nueva
2046:Hispania Citerior
2027:Castilla la Vieja
2006:Hispania Ulterior
1954:Historia Gothorum
1939:, it is with the
1840:Byzantine emperor
1708:Germanic conquest
1664:
1663:
1543:Hispania Ulterior
1537:Hispania Citerior
1300:, as well as the
1243:Iberian Peninsula
1169:Upper Paleolithic
1074:Iberian Peninsula
1038:Catholic Monarchs
1034:Kingdom of Aragon
988:Iberian Peninsula
978:Visigothic Spania
836:Estoria de España
771:, Castile, Spain.
757:Tower of Hercules
564:origin, from the
475:Hispania Ulterior
471:Hispania Citerior
459:Iberian Peninsula
434:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
359:
358:
317:5,000,000 or more
16:(Redirected from
7480:
7448:Pauline churches
7370:
7363:
7099:
7098:
7030:Financial crisis
7020:Economic history
6976:
6975:
6893:Cortes Generales
6861:
6860:
6803:Peninsular Spain
6739:
6738:
6690:Pre-Roman Iberia
6685:General overview
6580:
6579:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6533:
6532:
6505: Later the
6489: Later the
6449:
6448:
6427:Thebais Inferior
6422:Thebais Superior
6379:Diocese of Egypt
6369:Theodorias (528)
6231:Armenia IV (536)
6083:
6082:
5986:Diocese of Dacia
5976:Valeria ripensis
5934:
5933:
5923:
5922:
5909:
5908:
5792:Tuscia et Umbria
5740:
5739:
5643:Diocese of Spain
5528:
5527:
5517:
5516:
5503:
5502:
5467:
5450:As found in the
5439:
5438:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5400:
5399:
5324:Spain (Classical
5154:Italy (Classical
5117:Crete (Classical
4978:Byzantine Empire
4966:
4959:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4845:. Archived from
4838:
4829:
4820:
4819:
4801:
4792:
4791:
4753:
4747:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4657:
4651:
4644:Charles Anthon,
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4626:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4604:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4571:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4519:
4502:
4490:
4466:History of Spain
4315:Iberian language
4291:Southwest script
4239:
4232:
4225:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4195:Spain portal
4193:
4192:
4191:
4159:Military history
4144:Economic history
4127:
4119:
4101:
4088:
4080:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4029:Republican exile
4025:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3982:1936 coup d'état
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3923:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3792:
3784:
3774:
3766:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3717:
3709:
3699:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3646:Napoleonic Spain
3642:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3532:
3524:
3514:
3506:
3483:
3479:Byzantine Spania
3475:
3467:
3434:
3433:(218 BCE–472 CE)
3426:
3403:
3359:
3349:
3331:
3330:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3266:Madeiran history
3202:
3194:
3190:Financial crisis
3109:1926 coup d'état
2982:Age of Discovery
2969:1383–1385 Crisis
2944:Gharb Al-Andalus
2859:
2849:
2831:
2830:
2778:
2667:Alfred the Great
2560:
2557:
2553:
2431:Alarcão, Jorge,
2422:
2405:
2404:
2392:
2389:
2311:Insulae Baleares
2257:Legio VII Gemina
2117:Hispania Baetica
2092:) and attaching
1805:The Vandals and
1627:Celtiberian Wars
1622:Second Punic War
1612:
1610:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1525:argentum oscense
1216:pre-historic art
1184:hunter-gatherers
1078:Second Punic War
985:
963:
947:Llibre dels fets
927:
921:
915:
909:
902:Late Middle Ages
899:
890:
881:
875:
869:
863:
858:using the words
847:
838:
832:
818:
798:
785:Liberatias Iulia
711:
690:
680:
657:, presumably an
621:
600:
592:
586:
585:
580:
515:Balearic Islands
497:, whence modern
452:
439:
429:
427:
403:
402:
389:
388:
375:
374:
363:
362:
350:
349:
343:
342:
327:
326:
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
85:
70:
62:
61:
56:
48:
37:
36:
21:
7488:
7487:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7478:
7477:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7386:
7373:
7366:
7359:
7346:
7341:Toro de Osborne
7308:
7289:Public holidays
7200:
7161:Life expectancy
7084:
7050:Property bubble
6961:
6846:
6724:
6720:Spanish miracle
6673:
6647:Second Republic
6569:
6560:
6530:
6525:
6477:
6454:
6431:
6407:Augustamnica II
6373:
6280:
6192:
6130:Diocese of Asia
6124:
6077:
6066:
6052:Macedonia Prima
6018:
5980:
5956:Noricum ripense
5928:
5917:
5891:
5848:
5801:
5734:
5723:
5685:
5637:
5603:Alpes Maritimae
5589:
5575:Lugdunensis III
5532:Diocese of Gaul
5522:
5511:
5510:(395–476)
5493:
5460:established by
5444:
5433:
5427:
5397:
5392:
5350:Early Medieval)
5263:The Netherlands
5174:Early Medieval)
5093:Early Medieval)
4981:
4972:History of the
4970:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4836:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4802:
4795:
4754:
4750:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4719:
4712:
4696:
4692:
4673:
4669:
4658:
4654:
4643:
4639:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4602:
4600:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4505:
4499:Crown of Aragon
4491:
4487:
4477:
4472:
4396:Suevi Gallaecia
4320:Iberian scripts
4249:
4248:
4243:
4214:
4203:
4201:
4189:
4187:
4169:
4168:
4149:Law enforcement
4139:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4099:
4086:
4078:
4071:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4053:Basque conflict
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4016:
4014:Francoist Spain
4006:
4005:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3958:Second Biennium
3952:
3944:
3937:
3935:Second Republic
3927:
3926:
3921:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3855:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3772:
3764:
3761:Década moderada
3754:
3746:
3738:
3731:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3707:
3704:Trienio Liberal
3697:
3688:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3654:Cortes of Cádiz
3648:
3640:
3633:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3546:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3512:
3504:
3502:Muslim conquest
3497:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3432:
3424:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3347:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3285:
3283:
3271:
3270:
3261:Azorean history
3256:
3246:
3245:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3124:
3122:Second Republic
3114:
3113:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3074:1910 Revolution
3039:Restoration War
3034:
3024:
3023:
2984:
2974:
2973:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2869:
2847:
2840:
2827:
2775:
2731:
2729:Further reading
2722:Ab urbe condita
2711:Augustus Caesar
2699:Trogus Pompeius
2647:Saint Augustine
2558:
2543:
2511:
2481:Melón, Amando,
2428:
2414:Country Studies
2411:
2402:
2399:
2390:
2364:
2358:
2329:
2323:
2166:Emerita Augusta
1975:
1957:, the Visigoth
1945:Mother Hispania
1903:Catholic Church
1817:Germanic people
1778:– modern
1710:
1690:heretical sects
1665:
1660:
1656:Cantabrian Wars
1613:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1473:Augusta Emerita
1457:), established
1425:
1395:Cantabrian Wars
1363:Cantabrian Wars
1355:
1345:
1263:Northern Iberia
1259:Southern France
1208:Southern France
1200:Southern Europe
1152:Homo antecessor
1131:
1123:Main articles:
1121:
1116:
1088:
1066:
970:Low Middle Ages
791:
790:
745:Emerita Augusta
688:Hesperia ultima
607:European rabbit
553:
533:Visigothic rule
400:
386:
372:
347:
314:
291:
281:
241:
229:
217:
150:
148:
144:
141:
136:
133:
131:
129:
128:
127:
126:
113:Emerita Augusta
88:
71:
64:
57:
50:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7486:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7372:
7371:
7364:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7337:
7332:
7331:Cultural icons
7329:
7324:
7318:
7316:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7244:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7210:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7102:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7005:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6908:Prime Minister
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6827:
6822:
6820:National parks
6817:
6815:Municipalities
6812:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6795:
6790:
6788:Extreme points
6785:
6780:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6748:
6742:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6695:Spanish Empire
6692:
6687:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6637:First Republic
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6607:Medieval Spain
6604:
6602:Roman Hispania
6599:
6594:
6588:
6586:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6559:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6503:
6493:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6417:Libya Inferior
6414:
6412:Libya Superior
6409:
6404:
6402:Augustamnica I
6399:
6394:
6389:
6383:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6158:Lycaonia (370)
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6134:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6091:
6089:
6080:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6028:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5999:Dacia Ripensis
5996:
5990:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5942:
5940:
5931:
5919:
5918:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5858:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5748:
5746:
5737:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5661:Carthaginensis
5658:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5628:Novempopulania
5625:
5623:Narbonensis II
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5580:Lugdunensis IV
5577:
5572:
5570:Lugdunensis II
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5536:
5534:
5525:
5513:
5512:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5434:
5426:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5403:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5367:
5364:Roman Carthage
5357:
5352:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5197:
5185:
5177:
5151:
5146:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5082:
5077:
5068:
5063:
5054:
5049:
5047:High Medieval)
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4969:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:External links
4867:
4864:
4863:
4821:
4815:978-1134451128
4814:
4793:
4766:(2): 108–120.
4748:
4735:
4726:
4717:
4710:
4690:
4667:
4652:
4637:
4613:
4586:
4572:
4559:
4550:
4541:
4534:
4528:. Read Books.
4513:
4512:
4504:
4503:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4473:
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4470:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4457:
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4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:(2020–present)
4120:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4094:
4089:
4081:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4034:
4026:
4021:Spanish Maquis
4017:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3950:First Biennium
3947:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3837:First Republic
3834:
3826:
3818:
3809:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3785:
3775:
3767:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3713:Ominous Decade
3710:
3700:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3634:
3631:Peninsular War
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3525:
3515:
3507:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3422:Roman Conquest
3418:
3415:Roman Hispania
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3185:Third Republic
3182:
3177:
3170:
3164:
3161:Third Republic
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:First Republic
3090:
3087:First Republic
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2904:Suebic Kingdom
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2767:. De Gruyter.
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2716:Titus Livius (
2714:
2696:
2678:
2649:and author of
2643:Paulus Orosius
2640:
2615:
2601:
2567:
2566:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2454:
2447:
2436:
2427:
2424:
2398:
2395:
2357:
2354:
2325:Main article:
2322:
2319:
2277:—of the
2218:
2217:
2181:
2172:) and without
2153:
2098:Basque Country
2039:Basque Country
1999:Cantabrian Sea
1974:
1971:
1914:Constantinople
1709:
1706:
1694:Priscillianism
1680:to the Empire.
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Lusitanian War
1638:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1424:
1421:
1344:
1343:Roman conquest
1341:
1251:Western Europe
1220:L'Arbreda Cave
1135:early hominids
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1084:Main article:
1065:
1062:
1040:in 1492, only
983:laus Hispaniae
952:Roman province
864:('Spain') and
734:
733:
647:Eric Partridge
568:of colonizing
552:
549:
511:Carthaginensis
463:Roman Republic
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
397:
391:
390:
383:
377:
376:
369:
360:
357:
356:
351:
339:
338:
333:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
266:
265:Historical era
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
239:
236:
235:
230:
227:
224:
223:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
183:, followed by
181:Roman religion
177:
173:
172:
163:
159:
158:
146:40.21°N 4.35°W
125:
124:
115:
106:
96:
94:
90:
89:
86:
78:
77:
73:
72:
43:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7485:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7357:
7353:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7311:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7014:
7013:median income
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6883:Head of State
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6627:Enlightenment
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6557:
6552:
6550:
6545:
6543:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6450:
6446:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6339:Palaestina II
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6246:Cappadocia II
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6216:Armenia Maior
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6073:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5924:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5906:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:Alpes Cottiae
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5730:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5681:Tarraconensis
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Narbonensis I
5616:
5614:
5613:Aquitanica II
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Lugdunensis I
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5500:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5474:Constantine I
5471:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5412:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5328:Late Antique)
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5223:Liechtenstein
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Late Antique)
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4967:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4852:on 2015-07-14
4848:
4844:
4843:
4835:
4828:
4826:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4798:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4752:
4746:Archaeopress.
4744:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4713:
4711:9788495983954
4707:
4703:
4702:
4694:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4623:
4617:
4610:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4582:
4576:
4569:
4563:
4554:
4545:
4537:
4535:9781443740548
4531:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4376:Tarraconensis
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4124:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4045:Blue Division
4043:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3996:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3591:Iberian Union
3589:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3402:(575–206 BCE)
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:Early history
3383:
3382:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Iberian Union
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:House of Aviz
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2627:) directed a
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2559: AD 400
2552:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2408:public domain
2394:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2353:
2352:, Portugal).
2351:
2350:Ponte de Lima
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:Mediterranean
2328:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:Tarraconensis
2231:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2208:and northern
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:Tarraconensis
2195:
2191:
2190:
2189:Tarraconensis
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:According to
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:and northern
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Sertorian War
1649:
1647:
1646:Numantine War
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:Caesaraugusta
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:Carthaginians
1364:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:Mediterranean
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:modern humans
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
989:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
920:
914:
908:
903:
898:
894:
889:
885:
880:
874:
868:
862:
857:
853:
852:
846:
842:
837:
831:
826:
822:
817:
812:
808:
807:
802:
797:
786:
782:
777:
770:
765:
758:
753:
746:
742:
738:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
710:
705:
701:
696:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:(in his work
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
596:
591:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:
524:
523:civil diocese
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:. During the
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:name for the
456:
451:
447:
443:
438:
432:
423:
422:Ancient Greek
419:
398:
396:
393:
392:
384:
382:
379:
378:
370:
368:
365:
364:
361:
355:
352:
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
324:
320:
316:
310:
306:
301:
297:
293:
287:
283:
277:
273:
270:
267:
263:
260:
257:
253:
249:
246:
243:
237:
234:
231:
225:
222:
219:
213:
209:
205:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
155:
123:
119:
116:
114:
110:
107:
105:
101:
98:
97:
95:
91:
84:
79:
74:
68:
67:Ancient Greek
54:
47:
38:
33:
19:
7340:
7327:Coat of arms
7224:Bullfighting
7214:Architecture
7181:Prostitution
7141:Homelessness
7116:Demographics
7070:Trade unions
7008:unemployment
6993:Car industry
6925:Human rights
6873:Constitution
6829:
6775:
6755:ranked lists
6667:1975–present
6601:
6473:Spania (552)
6334:Palaestina I
6314:Euphratensis
6261:Helenopontus
6241:Cappadocia I
6148:Hellespontus
6047:Epirus Vetus
6014:Praevalitana
5929:of Illyricum
5719:Valentia (?)
5704:Britannia II
5608:Aquitanica I
5486:theme system
5451:
5343:Vatican City
5323:
5296:Saudi Arabia
5268:North Africa
4889:Online books
4879:
4854:. Retrieved
4847:the original
4840:
4805:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4738:
4729:
4720:
4700:
4693:
4684:
4680:
4670:
4655:
4646:
4640:
4629:. Retrieved
4616:
4608:
4601:. Retrieved
4595:
4589:
4575:
4567:
4562:
4553:
4544:
4524:
4517:
4508:
4507:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4349:Celtiberians
4200:
4186:
4174:
4154:LGBT history
3916:
3803:
3777:
3759:
3702:
3692:
3518:
3438:Romanization
3429:
3425:(206–27 BCE)
3414:
3172:
3140:
3128:
3064:Liberal Wars
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2764:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2721:
2706:
2688:
2684:
2658:
2650:
2633:Theodosius I
2611:
2577:
2568:
2528:
2514:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2450:
2439:
2432:
2413:
2400:
2376:Celtiberians
2365:
2330:
2304:
2298:
2274:
2264:
2253:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2197:
2187:
2183:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2141:
2140:. The river
2115:
2111:
2103:The emperor
2102:
2067:
2044:
2043:
2004:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1911:
1878:Chalcedonian
1875:
1859:
1829:
1804:
1727:
1685:Christianity
1683:
1667:
1568:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1480:
1472:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1416:
1401:Romanization
1399:
1368:
1310:
1302:Chalcolithic
1279:
1271:Muge Culture
1239:deglaciation
1228:
1212:Neanderthals
1202:, namely in
1196:last ice age
1192:Central Asia
1173:last ice age
1161:Neanderthals
1159:period, the
1150:
1144:
1140:Homo erectus
1138:
1132:
1108:Vulgar Latin
1093:fall of Rome
1089:
1050:one monarchy
1025:
1021:
1019:
1003:
995:
974:geographical
945:
933:
876:, Castilian
849:
824:
820:
810:
809:, the words
804:
792:
784:
744:
716:
714:
697:
692:
682:
670:
666:
654:
650:
642:
630:
624:
587:) of Hebrew
556:
554:
544:
526:
525:headed by a
461:. Under the
417:
416:
336:Succeeded by
335:
330:
259:Roman Senate
245:Theodosius I
185:Christianity
151:40.21; -4.35
7146:Immigration
7136:Health care
6998:Communities
6983:Agriculture
6783:Earthquakes
6642:Restoration
6612:Reconquista
6520:Justinian I
6392:Aegyptus II
6324:Mesopotamia
6271:Paphlagonia
6100:Haemimontus
6078:of the East
6042:Epirus Nova
5966:Pannonia II
5699:Britannia I
5560:Germania II
5333:Switzerland
5299:(Classical)
5281:(Classical)
5203:(Classical)
5183:(Classical)
4743:Encadré 5.2
4439:Reconquista
4327:Lusitanians
4303:Oestriminis
4079:(1975–1978)
4056:(1959–2011)
4048:(1941–1944)
4040:(1939–1945)
4032:(1939–1977)
4024:(1939–1965)
3993:(1936–1939)
3961:(1933–1936)
3953:(1931–1933)
3922:(1930–1931)
3917:Dictablanda
3911:(1923–1930)
3895:(1914–1918)
3879:(1886–1931)
3871:(1885–1902)
3863:(1874–1885)
3840:(1873–1874)
3832:(1872–1876)
3824:(1870–1873)
3816:(1868–1871)
3783:(1854–1856)
3773:(1846–1849)
3765:(1844–1854)
3755:(1840–1843)
3747:(1833–1840)
3739:(1833–1840)
3716:(1823–1833)
3708:(1820–1823)
3698:(1814–1820)
3657:(1810–1814)
3649:(1808–1813)
3618:(1707–1716)
3610:(1701–1714)
3602:(1700–1808)
3594:(1580–1640)
3586:(1556–1659)
3578:(1516–1700)
3570:(1492–1898)
3562:(1482–1492)
3559:Granada War
3554:(1479–1516)
3519:Reconquista
3495:Middle Ages
3346:History of
3201:(2020–2023)
3193:(2010–2014)
3142:Estado Novo
2959:Reconquista
2846:History of
2663:Anglo-Saxon
2625:rhetorician
2582:Karl Müller
2531:(in German)
2527:Westermann
2346:Las Médulas
2084:(including
2076:(basically
2019:Extremadura
1853:, known as
1843:Justinian I
1436:latifundium
1383:Gallaecians
1379:Lusitanians
1286:agriculture
1257:culture in
1222:and in the
1194:. When the
1157:Paleolithic
1016:desired you
1004:You are, O
934:Reconquista
856:Old Spanish
851:Reconquista
629:considered
584:𐤀𐤉 𐤔𐤐𐤍
331:Preceded by
255:Legislature
149: /
7397:Categories
7264:Mass media
7259:Literature
7151:Irreligion
7131:Euthanasia
7121:Disability
6903:Government
6878:Corruption
6700:Golden Age
6497:reconquest
6387:Aegyptus I
6349:Phoenice I
6304:Cilicia II
6211:Armenia II
5961:Pannonia I
5633:Viennensis
5555:Germania I
5550:Belgica II
5490:Asia Minor
5462:Diocletian
5346:(Classical
5291:San Marino
5253:Montenegro
5228:Luxembourg
5191:(Classical
5140:(Classical
5018:Azerbaijan
4631:2011-05-11
4603:8 February
4475:References
4416:Al-Andalus
3583:Golden Age
3531:(718–1479)
3523:(711–1492)
3513:(711–1492)
3510:Al-Andalus
3367:Prehistory
3032:Bragantine
2939:Al-Andalus
2391: 155
2360:See also:
2300:consularis
2037:, and the
1941:Visigothic
1836:Athanagild
1678:Theodosius
1564:Theodosius
1431:latifundia
1423:Roman rule
1409:Roman road
1385:and other
1329:Phoenician
1313:Bronze Age
1308:cultures.
1247:Cro-Magnon
1231:Mesolithic
1224:Côa Valley
1119:Background
944:Chronicle
893:Old French
816:Hispanicus
767:The Roman
755:The Roman
672:Heliopolis
615:Phoenician
599:אִי שָׁפָן
541:Hispaniola
503:Diocletian
479:Principate
453:) was the
303:Population
191:Government
168:, various
76:218 BC–472
7254:Languages
7156:Languages
7126:Education
7075:Transport
6915:Elections
6898:Judiciary
6837:Provinces
6734:Geography
6715:Civil War
6622:Expansion
6299:Cilicia I
6251:Galatia I
6206:Armenia I
6173:Pamphylia
6105:Moesia II
6062:Thessalia
5839:Raetia II
5671:Lusitania
5666:Gallaecia
5656:Balearica
5545:Belgica I
5382:Medieval)
5374:Medieval)
5238:Macedonia
5166:Medieval)
5158:Medieval)
5144:Medieval)
5121:Medieval)
5113:Medieval)
5075:Medieval)
5061:Medieval)
4994:Medieval)
4509:Citations
4495:Catalonia
4480:Footnotes
4386:Gallaecia
4381:Lusitania
4280:Tartessos
3990:Civil War
3575:Habsburgs
3505:(711–716)
3482:(552–624)
3474:(418–721)
3466:(409–585)
2899:Gallaecia
2894:Lusitania
2669:and into
2657:, and of
2629:panegyric
2486:Spanish.)
2291:Britannia
2261:Tetrarchy
2249:Tetrarchy
2222:Caracalla
2202:Gallaecia
2174:Gallaecia
2161:Lusitania
2094:Cantabria
2086:Gallaecia
2082:Lusitania
2078:Andalusia
2059:Catalonia
2011:Andalusia
1997:) to the
1995:Cartagena
1959:Suinthila
1930:elections
1776:Lusitania
1756:Gerontius
1749:Sarmatian
1702:Visigoths
1509:olive oil
1451:Tarragona
1417:hispanici
1325:Tartessos
1282:Neolithic
1155:. In the
1100:Visigoths
1064:Languages
966:Antiquity
942:James Ist
919:Hispaniae
867:Españoles
793:Although
551:Etymology
507:Tetrarchy
495:Gallaecia
487:Lusitania
467:provinces
431:romanized
195:Autocracy
176:Religion
18:Hispaniae
7403:Hispania
7377:Category
7238:Fiestas
7186:Religion
7171:Pensions
7166:Naturism
7106:Abortion
7045:Taxation
7035:Forestry
6947:Monarchy
6942:Military
6935:Intersex
6856:Politics
6842:Wildlife
6777:Comarcas
6710:Military
6705:Economic
6678:By topic
6584:Timeline
6567:articles
6266:Honorias
6236:Bithynia
6009:Moesia I
6004:Dardania
5946:Dalmatia
5867:Byzacena
5834:Raetia I
5782:Sardinia
5757:Campania
5735:of Italy
5458:dioceses
5319:Slovenia
5314:Slovakia
5304:Scotland
5278:Portugal
5127:Guernsey
4915:HISPANIA
4880:Hispania
4788:67777837
4581:"pg 292"
4444:Portugal
4310:Iberians
4298:Ophiussa
4176:Timeline
3599:Bourbons
3430:Hispania
3337:a series
3335:Part of
3277:Timeline
3239:Military
3227:Language
3219:Archives
2927:Medieval
2848:Portugal
2837:a series
2835:Part of
2825:See also
2535:Hispania
2504:Granada.
2287:Germania
2275:vicarius
2271:dioceses
2214:Asturias
2210:Portugal
2204:(modern
2178:Asturias
2150:Guadiana
2105:Augustus
2096:and the
2090:Asturias
2055:Valencia
2035:Asturias
2015:Portugal
1991:Ulterior
1987:Citerior
1969:nation.
1949:Hispania
1907:monarchy
1895:Arianism
1882:Catholic
1847:Liberius
1800:Honorius
1788:Portugal
1780:Alentejo
1768:Hasdingi
1764:Portugal
1734:Germanic
1548:Augustus
1481:Valentia
1477:Valencia
1459:Zaragoza
1447:Olissipo
1434:(sing.,
1405:Augustus
1391:Augustus
1375:Iberians
1365:in 29 BC
1298:Portugal
1277:valley.
1171:and the
1137:such as
1097:Germanic
1046:Portugal
968:and the
961:Hispania
936:use the
913:Hispania
897:Espaigne
873:Hispania
845:El Sabio
830:Hispania
821:Hispanic
796:Hispania
717:Hispania
693:Hesperia
683:Hispania
667:Hispalis
643:Hispalis
631:Hispania
590:ʾī šāfān
578:ʾī šāpān
570:Carthage
557:Hispania
545:Hispania
528:vicarius
501:). From
446:Hispānia
437:Hispanía
418:Hispania
313:•
118:Citerior
109:Ulterior
46:Hispānia
41:Hispania
7361:Outline
7314:Symbols
7234:Cuisine
7206:Culture
7094:Society
7065:Tourism
6971:Economy
6810:Islands
6793:Forests
6771:Climate
6766:Borders
6575:History
6463:Taurica
6397:Arcadia
6359:Syria I
6329:Osroene
6319:Isauria
6178:Pisidia
6153:Islands
6120:Thracia
6115:Scythia
6110:Rhodope
5829:Aemilia
5825:Liguria
5797:Valeria
5787:Sicilia
5777:Samnium
5762:Corsica
5651:Baetica
5523:of Gaul
5478:Ravenna
5443:History
5360:Tunisia
5355:Ukraine
5286:Romania
5258:Morocco
5243:Moldova
5132:Hungary
5104:Germany
5099:Georgia
5066:Croatia
5033:Belgium
5028:Balkans
5023:Austria
5004:Andorra
4999:Algeria
4768:Bibcode
4681:Romania
4391:Baetica
4344:Cynetes
3903:(–1927)
3900:Rif War
3254:Regions
3235:Judaism
3223:Economy
2867:Ancient
2618:Pacatus
2604:Ptolemy
2598:English
2519:in the
2356:Climate
2321:Economy
2309:), the
2306:praeses
2206:Galicia
2194:Tarraco
2138:Badajoz
2130:Granada
2126:Almería
2074:Baetica
2031:Galicia
1963:monarch
1926:Muslims
1891:Recared
1851:Baetica
1796:Baetica
1792:Silingi
1784:Algarve
1760:Galicia
1745:Vandals
1674:Hadrian
1560:Hadrian
1532:praetor
1475:), and
1455:Tarraco
1273:in the
1255:Azilian
1229:In the
1188:steppes
1181:nomadic
1114:History
1042:Navarra
1026:Spanish
938:Romance
932:of the
888:Espanya
884:Catalan
811:Spanish
799:is the
659:Iberian
651:Origins
639:Seville
635:Iberian
574:cognate
499:Galicia
483:Baetica
433::
426:Ἱσπανία
233:Hadrian
202:Emperor
134:40°13′N
122:Tarraco
104:Corduba
100:Baetica
93:Capital
60:Ἱσπανία
7443:218 BC
7382:Portal
7322:Anthem
7229:Cinema
7176:People
7025:Energy
6565:
6515:in 536
6309:Cyprus
6294:Arabia
6095:Europa
6032:Achaea
5482:Africa
5309:Serbia
5248:Monaco
5208:Kuwait
5200:Kosovo
5188:Jordan
5180:Jersey
5085:France
4877:about
4856:24 Aug
4812:
4786:
4708:
4532:
4118:(2017)
4100:(2004)
4087:(1978)
4001:(1939)
3985:(1936)
3977:(1936)
3969:(1934)
3945:(1931)
3887:(1898)
3791:(1868)
3673:(1813)
3665:(1812)
3641:(1808)
3339:on the
2914:Spania
2839:on the
2771:
2671:Arabic
2637:Senate
2622:Gallic
2594:French
2574:Strabo
2410:.
2338:silver
2295:Mérida
2212:) and
2170:Mérida
2080:) and
2051:Aragon
1967:Gothic
1922:Franks
1920:, the
1918:Greeks
1863:Christ
1855:Spania
1838:, the
1821:Toledo
1790:. The
1676:, and
1670:Trajan
1635:Second
1556:Trajan
1519:, and
1493:silver
1469:Mérida
1449:) and
1443:Lisbon
1413:Caesar
1381:, the
1377:, the
1373:, the
1306:Beaker
1294:Europe
1204:Iberia
1177:Europe
922:(e.g.
879:España
861:España
725:Hispan
723:named
709:ezpain
704:Basque
663:Celtic
655:*Hispa
603:rabbit
595:Hebrew
395:Spania
284:218 BC
221:Trajan
206:
137:4°21′W
63:
49:
7368:Index
7294:Sport
7269:Music
7196:Women
7111:Crime
6988:Banks
6617:Union
6563:Spain
6168:Lydia
6163:Lycia
6143:Caria
6037:Creta
5971:Savia
5388:Wales
5233:Malta
5218:Libya
4974:Roman
4850:(PDF)
4837:(PDF)
4784:S2CID
4625:(PDF)
4461:Spain
4138:Topic
3348:Spain
3243:Music
3214:Topic
2608:Greek
2590:Latin
2586:Greek
2342:garum
2168:(now
2146:Annas
1886:Arian
1871:Latin
1832:Agila
1807:Alans
1786:, in
1772:Alans
1752:Alans
1741:Suevi
1631:First
1521:garum
1505:wheat
1387:Celts
1337:Greek
1321:Celts
1275:Tagus
1267:Douro
1104:Suebi
1058:Spain
1054:Spain
1022:Spain
1010:India
1006:Spain
825:Spain
823:, or
806:Spain
801:Latin
706:word
562:Punic
537:Spain
455:Roman
442:Latin
166:Latin
53:Latin
7335:Flag
7191:Time
7080:Wine
6930:LGBT
6138:Asia
5480:and
5137:Iraq
4976:and
4858:2014
4810:ISBN
4706:ISBN
4605:2013
4530:ISBN
3231:LGBT
2769:ISBN
2718:Livy
2693:Livy
2687:and
2588:and
2546:The
2289:and
2283:Gaul
2228:and
2186:(or
2176:and
2142:Anas
2134:Jaén
2132:and
2114:(or
2088:and
2023:León
1834:and
1782:and
1743:and
1737:Buri
1698:Pope
1552:Rome
1550:did
1517:fish
1513:wine
1501:wool
1497:lead
1485:gold
1351:and
1304:and
1280:The
1261:and
1149:and
1127:and
1102:and
1044:and
1024:and
1014:Rome
891:and
827:for
813:for
779:The
721:hero
678:spal
619:span
539:and
485:and
473:and
7219:Art
7003:GDP
5827:et
4776:doi
2673:by
2665:by
2236:or
2144:or
1489:tin
1467:),
1190:of
994:'s
990:of
916:or
819:or
661:or
633:of
505:'s
294:472
7399::
5466:c.
5464:,
5380:-
5372:-
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5326:-
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4796:^
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