Education in Malaysia

1670:, SMJK). At Malayan Independence (1957), it was decided that secondary education would be provided in Malay-medium National Secondary Schools and English-medium National-type Secondary Schools. Fee paying, English-medium schools owned and administered by missionaries/religious bodies were offered government aid provided that they adopted the national curriculum. Secondary schools using other languages as medium of instruction, most of them Chinese schools, were offered government aid on the condition that they convert into English-medium schools. In the 1970s, as the government began to abolish English-medium education in public schools, all National-type Secondary School were gradually converted into Malay-medium schools. The term "National-type Secondary School" is not present in the Education Act of 1996, which blurred the distinction between SMK and SMJK. However, Chinese educational groups are unwelcoming of the new development and continue to push for the distinction to be made between the 78 formerly Chinese-medium schools and other secondary schools. The schools continue to have "SMJK" on the school signboards and boards of directors continue to manage the school properties, as opposed to schools that are directly managed by the government. Most former Chinese-medium SMJK continue to have a majority Chinese student and teacher population, usually only accept students from Chinese-medium primary schools, have Chinese language as a compulsory subject and have bilingual (Malay and Chinese) school announcements. 3342:

subject to pass for SPM, by 2025, is to ensure that every student is encouraged to learn an additional language in the move to equip them well for entering the workforce in a globalising world, will focus on building up its cadre of Chinese, Tamil and Arabic language teachers to ensure that the supply of teachers matches student demand, besides expanding the provision of other important languages such as Spanish, French and Japanese, from 2013, is to ensure that the entry bar for teachers is raised to be amongst the top 30 per cent of graduates, from 2013, is to ensure that teachers enjoy a reduced administrative burden so that they can focus the majority of their time on their core function of teaching, with some administrative functions moved to a centralised service centre or to a dedicated administrative teacher at the school level, by 2015, is to ensure that all schools meet basic infrastructure requirements, starting with Sabah and Sarawak, is to ensure that the Trust School model is expanded to 500 schools by 2025, including by alumni groups and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as potential sponsors, will publish an annual report on the progress made against each initiative outlined in the blueprint, will undertake a stock-take at key milestones in the blueprint journey in 2015, 2020 and 2025.

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increase compulsory schooling from six to 11 years, starting at the age of six years supported by targeted retention programmes, launch the Secondary School Standard Curriculum or Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) and revised Primary School Standard Curriculum or Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) in 2017 to embed a balanced set of knowledge and skills such as creative thinking, innovation, problem-solving and leadership, lay out clear learning standards so that students and parents understand the progress expected within each year of schooling, revamp the national examination and school-based assessments in stages, whereby by 2016 at least 40 per cent of questions in Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) and 50 per cent in Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) are higher-order thinking questions and by the end of 2013, is to build academic and career counselling services into the secondary school timetable to help students make better informed choices about the various education pathways on offer.

1872:. Before 2004, all lecturers in public tertiary institutions were required to have some post-graduate award as a qualification. In October 2004, this requirement was removed and the Higher Education Ministry announced that industry professionals who added value to a course could apply for lecturing positions directly to universities even if they did not have postgraduate qualifications. To head off possible allegations that the universities faced a shortage of lecturers, Deputy Higher Education Minister Datuk Fu Ah Kiow said "This is not because we are facing a shortage of lecturers, but because this move will add value to our courses and enhance the name of our universities. Let's say Bill Gates and Steven Spielberg, both well known and outstanding in their fields, want to be teaching professors. Of course, we would be more than happy to take them in." He went on to offer as an example the field of architecture whereby well-known architects recognised for their talents do not have master's degrees. 3138:

schools, they will gain better opportunities in employment than any other schools, sometimes at the expense of their own racial/ethnic and religious root(s). Nevertheless, the development of Chinese language education thrived due to the conformity to the divide and rule policy. Before Malaysia gained independence, the Chinese had 1300 primary schools, nearly 100 high schools, and even a tertiary institution, Nanyang University, built without the financial support of the government. The report of Dong Zong claimed that the main reason for many Chinese parents sending their children to Chinese schools was that they generally hoped their children would retain their Chinese identity, with love and awareness of the nation of Malaysia, love of their own culture and traditions, ethnic pride, and most importantly being aware of their ethnic roots.

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with the La Salle Brothers Malaysia. It has links with the Lasallian organisation which has had a footing in Malaysia since 1904, with premier St. John's Institution as a mission school, and also in more than 70 countries. IJ Sisters' Sr Celina Wong said the Roman Catholic religious institute had no plans to dispose of the land for redevelopment. "We hold a very long history in Malaysia and preserving our history − be it the thrust of educating young people and/or the conservation of the heritage buildings − is dear to us. The IJ Sisters will never forget our mission in education. "We have no intention to sell the land and buildings for redevelopment," she said in a statement. Coincidentally, when CLS was established in April 1852, it was a private mission school.

3150:), known as the "Soul of the Malaysian Chinese" (Chinese: 族魂), the former president of UCSCAM regarded cultural right as of utmost importance since culture is the soul of every ethnicity, deserving the most respect among all of the rights. He said: "One’s culture is the soul of one’s nation, and its value as important to us as our lives.", "We, Chinese become Malayan nationals on the condition that we do our duty and loyalty to this country, not on the condition that we abandon our mother tongue and destroy our culture.", "Malayan was a virgin land, it gain the prosperous of today under the efforts of all nations." and "In ethnically diverse nations, harmony, friendship, peace and cooperation are important principles, but all must be based on equality." 3044:

former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad suggested to the government that the SARs should be closed down and integrated into the national schools. However, his proposal was met with resistance and later, the matter was left to die quietly. Such schools still exist in Malaysia, but are generally no longer the only part of a child's education in urban areas. Students in rural parts of the country do still attend these schools. Some of the academic results published by these schools are accepted by mainline universities by taking Malaysia High Certificate of Religious Study (Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia, abbreviated as STAM), and many of these students continue their education in locations such as Pakistan or Egypt. Some of their alumni include

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70% for secondary schools, and decreasing class sizes from 31 to 30 students in primary schools and from 32 to 30 in secondary schools by the year 2010. The Blueprint also provided a number of statistics concerning weaknesses in education. According to the Blueprint, 10% of primary schools and 1.4% of secondary schools do not have a 24-hour electricity supply, 20% and 3.4% respectively do not have a public water supply, and 78% and 42% are over 30 years old and require refurbishing. It was also stated that 4.4% of primary students and 0.8% of secondary students had not mastered the "3Ms" (reading, writing and arithmetic). The drop-out rate for secondary schools was given as 9.3% in urban areas and 16.7% in rural areas.

3162:) to eradicate the Chinese schools and Tamil schools. The report claimed that the government of Malaysia's culture and language education policy, over the past 50 years was, to not give up implementation of the "final goal": a final "national school" with the Malay language (National language) as the main medium of instruction. The language of other ethnic groups, namely Chinese and Tamil, thus could only serve as a foreign language. The reason given by the government was that the Chinese and Tamil primary schools were the root cause of disunity of this country. To achieve "national unity", all other non-national schools should be restricted, and finally merged with the national school. 1912:

admission is automatic to programs where the local institution offers an "associate degree" which is accepted at the discretion of the partnering university. In the latter case, acceptance of transcripts and credits is at the discretion of the partner. Some of them are branch campuses of these foreign institutions. In addition, four reputable international universities have set up their branch campuses in Malaysia since 1998. A branch can be seen as an 'offshore campus' of the foreign university, which offers the same courses and awards as the main campus. Local and international students can acquire these identical foreign qualifications in Malaysia at a lower fee.

1834: 473:(a compromise between the two reports). The Barnes proposal was implemented through the 1952 Education Ordinance amidst Chinese protests. In 1956, the Razak Report was adopted by the Malayan government as the education framework for independent Malaya. The Razak Report called for a national school system consisting of Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil-medium schools at the primary level, and Malay and English-medium schools at the secondary schools, with a uniform national curriculum regardless of the medium of instruction. Malay-medium schools would be known as "national", while other languages schools would be known as "national-type". 900:). Chinese independent high schools use the same academic year as government schools. An academic year consists of two semesters: Semester 1 from January to May and Semester 2 from June to November, with examinations at the end of each semester. The overall academic performance of a student in an academic year determines his/her promotion to the next study year in the next academic year. Failing requires repeating the study year. Usually, failing to be promoted for two years in a row results in a dismissal. In contrast, students in government schools are automatically promoted regardless of academic performance. 1425:)test. The subjects tested are : Malay, English, Science, Maths, History. Chinese is compulsory in Chinese schools, while Tamil is compulsory in Tamil schools. Schools in Malaysia can select other subjects to be tested, but it had to be prepared by the school. For example: Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (Robotics and Technology), Pendidikan Moral (Moral Education), Pendidikan Islam (Islamic Education), Pendidikan Seni Visual (Arts) (Year 5,6), Pendidikan Muzik (Music) (Year 5,6), Pendidikan Kesenian (Arts and Music) (Year 4) and Pendidikan Jasmani dan Pendidikan Jasmani (P.E. and Safety Education). 3116:(UEC) at the end of Junior Middle 3 and Senior Middle 3. UEC has been run by UCSCAM since 1975 and has won ISO9001 certification from Malaysia, China, UK, Japan and so on. The UEC is available in three levels: Vocational Unified Exam (UEC-V), UEC Junior Middle Level (UEC-JML/JUEC) and Senior Middle Level (UEC-SML/SUEC). The syllabus and examinations for the UEC-V and UEC-JML are only available in the Chinese language. The UEC-SML has questions for mathematics, sciences (biology, chemistry and physics), bookkeeping, accounting and commerce in both Chinese and English. 3427:) representative Dr. Richard Leete stated that Malaysia's ranking in the UNDP gender index was not "as high as it should be". Former Higher Education Minister Datuk Dr Shafie Salleh replied that it was not unique to Malaysia. His quoted statistics revealed that there was a 2:1 ratio of boys to girls in polytechnics and at public higher learning institutions. In virtually all developed countries females and males enter university in approximately equal ratios. Thus, the 2:1 ratio in Malaysia is seen as rather peculiar when placed in a global context. 1505:

training and salary, and setting the school curriculum, while the school buildings and assets belong to the local ethnic communities, which elect a board of directors for each school to safeguard the school properties. Between 1995 and 2000, the Seventh Malaysia Plan allocation for primary education development allocated 96.5% to National Schools which had 75% of total enrolment. Chinese National-type Schools (21% enrolment) received 2.4% of the allocation while Tamil National-type Schools (3.6% enrolment) received 1% of the allocation.

1378: 3322:(OECD), and six local universities. The Ministries also worked with other governmental agencies to ensure alignment with other policies related to education. Furthermore, the Ministry engaged also with the people in a new scale; Over 55000 Ministry officials, teachers, school leaders, parents, students, and members of public across Malaysia via interviews, focus groups, surveys, National Dialogue town halls, Open Days and round table discussions. More than 200 memorandums and 3000 articles and blog post were submitted by the Ministry. 3180: 305: 7640: 6539: 3406:. This paved the way for the establishment of mixed-medium education. However, the policy was heavily criticised by Malay linguists and activists, fearing that the policy might erode the usage of Malay language in science and mathematics, which led to a massive rally in Kuala Lumpur on 7 March 2009. Chinese education groups opposed the policy as well, fearing that it might erode the usage of Chinese as the medium of instruction in Chinese schools. 6549: 1559: 332: 1581:). National Secondary Schools use Malay as the main medium of instruction because Malay language is the National language of Malaysia while English is a compulsory subject in all schools. Since 2003, Science and Mathematics had been taught in English, however in 2009 the government decided to revert to use Malay starting in year 2012. However, the Ministry has since launched the Dual Language Program (DLP) to cater the language issue. 6605: 317: 1365:. Preschool education usually lasts for 2 years, before they proceed to primary school at age 7. There is no formal preschool curriculum except a formal mandatory training and certification for principals and teachers before they may operate a preschool. The training covers lessons on child psychology, teaching methodologies, and other related curricula on childcare and development. Preschool education is not compulsory. 1535:("vision schools"). Under the concept, three schools (typically one SK, one SJK(C) and one SJK(T)) would share the same school compound and facilities while maintaining different school administrations, ostensibly to encourage closer interaction. However, this was met with objections from most of the Chinese and Indian communities as they believe this will restrict the use of their mother tongue in schools. 1417:, UPSR). The subjects tested were Malay comprehension, Malay writing, English comprehension, English writing, Science and Mathematics. In addition to the six subjects, Chinese comprehension and written Chinese were compulsory in Chinese schools, while Tamil comprehension and written Tamil were compulsory in Tamil schools. In 2021, The ministry of education cancelled the Primary School Achievement Test ( 1544: 1369:

send their children to private kindergartens, few do in rural areas. Registered preschools are subjected to zoning regulations and must comply to other regulations such as health screening, fire hazard assessment and educational guidelines. Many preschools are located in high density residential areas, where normal residential units compliant to regulations are converted into the schools.

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meant students received two grades for their English papers.) This separate grade is given based on the marks of the essay-writing component of the English paper. The essay section of the English paper is remarked under the supervision of officials from the British O Levels examination. Although not part of their final certificates, the O Level grade is included on their results slip.

433:; colonial reports affirmed that the limits of Malay to only primary level education are intended "to make the son of the fisherman or peasant a more intelligent fisherman or peasant than his father had been". Many Malays failed to pursue additional education due to this issue. Despite complaints about this policy, the British Director of Education stated: 514:, rejecting a lawsuit by three NGOs – Gabungan Pelajar Melayu Semenanjung (GPMS), the Islam Education Development Council (Mappim) and the Confederation of Malaysian Writers Association (Gapena) – seeking to ban vernacular schools on the grounds they were inconsistent with the Malaysian Constitution. The High Court's ruling was welcomed by 3334:(PISA) within 15 years, aspires to halve the current urban-rural, socio-economic and gender achievement gaps by 2020; aspirations to create a system whereby students have opportunities to build shared experiences and aspirations that form the foundation for unity, aspires to further maximise student outcomes within current budget levels. 1349:

DLP. This has led to challenges in resource allocation and sparked debates about the practicality of such conditions, especially for schools with limited resources. Few of the schools in Malacca opposed on the forced implementation of non-DLP class, which these schools taught mathematics and science subjects fully in English language.

480:, existing Chinese, Tamil and mission schools accepted government funding and were allowed to retain their medium of instructions on the condition that they adopt the national curriculum. Chinese secondary schools were given the options of accepting government funding and change into English national-type schools or remain Chinese and 1608:). Most students who had completed primary education are admitted to Form 1. Students from national-type primary schools have the additional requirement to obtain a minimum D grade for the Malay subjects at the end of Primary school, failing which they will have to attend a year-long transition class, commonly called "Remove" ( 488:. Shortly after the change, some of the national-type schools reestablished their Chinese independent high school branches. All remaining nationalised schools underwent a gradual implementation of Malay as the main medium of education in the 1970s, though English remained a compulsory subject in their syllabus. 1120:

conduct their lectures in the English language. Many of these parents also wish for their children to pursue an international education in the future, and entering an English-medium environment enables students to be prepared for that. International schools in Malaysia follow various curriculums, such as the

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The blueprint highlights aspirations to ensure universal access and full enrolment of all children from preschool through to upper secondary school level by 2020; aspirations for Malaysia to be in the top third of countries in terms of performance in international assessments, as measured by outcomes

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Starting March 2024, students are no longer be required to wear school uniforms throughout the week. Instead, it is two days of school uniform, two days of sportswear, and one day of co-curriculum attire. This decision by the Ministry of Education came after a deliberate study on issues like weather,

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The government of Malaysia does not recognise the UEC-SML currently, hence the UEC holders are not accepted into public universities in Malaysia. UEC-SML is however, accepted by most private universities and colleges in Malaysia. In addition, UEC-SML is recognised as an entrance qualification in many

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after its Chinese acronym) as the overall co-ordination body. Students in Chinese independent high schools study in three junior middle levels and three senior middle levels; each level takes one year. Like the students in public secondary schools, students in Chinese independent high schools are put

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Many private colleges offer programmes whereby the student does part of his degree course here and part of it in the other institution; this is called "twinning". The nature of these programs is diverse and ranges from the full "twinning" program where all credits and transcripts are transferable and

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Within the national public school system are a few magnet type/charter public high schools. Admissions are very selective, reserved for students who demonstrate outstanding academic achievement and potential at the elementary level, Year/Standard 1 through 6. These schools are either full-time day or

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Malay and English are compulsory subjects in all schools. All schools use the same syllabus for non-language subjects regardless of the medium of instruction. The teaching of the Chinese language is compulsory in SJK(C), and Tamil language is compulsory in SJK(T). Additionally, a National School must

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attached to them. They were seen as "providing the best education" as they used "English as their medium of instruction". Although nowadays these missionary schools have fully assimilated into the Malay-medium national school system and most admit students regardless of gender and background, many of

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It would be contrary to the considered policy of government to afford to a community, the great majority of whose members find congenial livelihood and independence in agricultural pursuits, more extended facilities for the learning of English which would be likely to have the effect of inducing them

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To our surprise, Malaysian public including parents and companies took up all the hundred tables for the dinner held at The appeal also gave us a handsome sum of donation for the sports festival. In my school La Salle, we had fundraising dinner almost annually at the Hilton Hotel or Shangri La Hotel

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The issue of language and schools is a key issue for many political groups in Malaysia. However, under the Razak Report, primary schools using the Chinese and Tamil language as medium of instruction are retained. Up until 1981 in Peninsular Malaysia (and some years later in Sabah and Sarawak), there

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According to the UCSCAM, it was the British colonial policy (1786–1957) to allow vernacular language schools to exist and develop, along with Sekolah Pondok (Malays) and Sekolah Tamil (Indians). This was part of the British strategy of "dividing and rule". For those who are willing to attend English

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O Levels examination, which became the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education). As of 2006, students are given a GCE 'O' Level grade for their English paper in addition to the normal English SPM paper. (Previously, this was reported on result slips as a separate result labelled 1119, which

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A common version of the Malaysian school uniform is of public schools. The dress code for males is the most standardised while female uniforms are more varied based on the religion of students and the type of schools. Male students are required to wear a collared shirt with a pair of shorts or long

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make it mandatory for all Muslim children aged six to twelve to attend the schools as a complement to the mandatory primary education. In the final year, students will sit an examination for graduation. Most SAR are funded by respective states and managed by states' religious authority. Previously,

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Students have the option of enrolling in private tertiary institutions after secondary studies. Private universities are gaining a reputation for international quality education and students from all over the world attend them. Many of these institutions offer courses in co-operation with a foreign

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judged based in these areas. Competitions and performances are regularly organised. Co-curricular activities are often categorised under the following: Uniformed Groups, Performing Arts, Clubs & Societies, Sports & Games. Student may also participate in more than 2 co-curricular activities.

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The primary objectives of the DLP are threefold: first, to provide opportunities for students to enhance their English proficiency through the instruction of Science and Mathematics subjects; second, to expand students' access to explore various fields of knowledge, fostering competitiveness at the

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Other mission school educationists declined to speculate on the move to set up another international school in George Town, but agreed that for the convent to turn private with a local curriculum would be apt. St John's International School is now a private-funded education centre in collaboration

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Due to the lack of Chinese and Indian students attending national schools, coupled with the increasing number of Malay students attending Chinese and Indian national-type schools, the government announced in April 2005 that all national schools will begin teaching Chinese and Tamil to attract more

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In 2006, the National Education Blueprint 2006–10 was released. The Blueprint set a number of goals, such as establishing a National Pre-School Curriculum, setting up 100 new classes for students with special needs, increasing the percentage of single-session schools to 90% for primary schools and

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involves three-term examinations (one final examination every term), two resit examinations at the end of the final term (if desired by students), as well as coursework depending on each subject (except for General Studies where coursework is mandatory) covering all one and a half years' syllabus.

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In January 2003, a mixed medium of instruction was introduced so that students would learn Science and Mathematics in English. Due to pressure from the Chinese community, SJK(C) teach Science and Mathematics in both English and Chinese. Later, the government reversed the policy of teaching Science

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still retain ownership of the "land and school buildings" of their missionary schools with the schools themselves operating as "only grant-in-aid national schools". They are not "fully aided" government schools. The church groups receive a "token monthly rent" from the government. The closure of a

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During the 1970s, in accordance to the national language policy, the government began to change these English-medium primary and secondary national-type schools – missionary schools – into Malay-medium national schools. The language change was made gradually starting from the first year in primary

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To remedy this problem, the British established the Malay College Kuala Kangsar. However, it was mainly intended as a way to educate low-level civil servants and not as a means to opening the doors of commerce to the Malays – the school was never intended to prepare students for entrance to higher

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The three schools – SK Convent Light Street, SMK Convent Light Street and SMK Convent Pulau Tikus – will be closed down and the land returned to Sisters of Infant Jesus, Malaysia, who are the owner. The department had said that the Sisters of the Infant Jesus had written to the Education Ministry

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By 2025, it is to ensure that Orang Asli students, other minority groups and students with physical or learning disabilities go to schools with the facilities and equipment needed to create a conductive and supportive learning environment, from 2016, is to ensure that English is made a compulsory

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It also has identified 11 shifts that will need to occur to deliver the step change in outcomes envisioned by Malaysians. Each shift is to address at least one of the five system outcomes of access, quality, equity, unity and efficiency. Among the many steps to be taken, it is part of the plan to

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Co-curricular activities are compulsory at the secondary level, where all students must participate in at least 2 activities for most states, and 3 activities for the Sarawak region. There are many co-curricular activities offered at the secondary level, varying at each school and each student is

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Preschool education is mainly provided by private for-profit preschools, though some are run by the government or religious groups. Some primary schools have attached preschool sections. Attendance in a preschool programme is not universal; while people living in urban areas are generally able to

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Controversies have also arisen over the stringent criteria for DLP implementation. Stakeholders, including parents and school officials, have voiced concerns about the impact of these criteria, such as the recent requirement for a minimum of one full non-DLP class in schools implementing the full

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The Dual Language Program (DLP) is an educational initiative implemented by the Ministry of Education under the broader Policy of Enhancing the Malaysian Language and Strengthening the English Language (MBMMBI). Launched on a pilot basis in 2016 and initially involving 300 schools, the DLP offers

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After completing their primary education in a Chinese national-type primary school, some students may choose to attend a Chinese Independent High School for their secondary education. Education in Chinese Independent High Schools usually last for six years, divided into two stages: three years in

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In the fewest possible words, the Malay boy is told 'You have been trained to remain at the bottom, and there you must always remain!' Why, I ask, waste so much money to attain this end when without any vernacular school, and without any special effort, the Malay boy could himself accomplish this

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The existence of national-type schools is used by non-Malays components of the ruling Barisan Nasional to indicate that their culture and identity have not been infringed upon by the Malay people. Dong Jiao Zhong (the association of Chinese school boards and teachers) and other Chinese education

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In 2013, the National Education Blueprint was released. It covers the education of Malaysian starting from Preschool until Post-Secondary.The approach of the blueprint was ground-breaking as it uses multiple perspectives to evaluate and assess the performance of Malaysia's education system. This

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Having been introduced after the abolishment of a racial-quota-based admission into universities, the matriculation programme continues the role of its predecessor, albeit in modified form. The matriculation programme adopts a semester basis examination (two semesters in a year). Similarly, STPM

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of 1961 and "abolished with affect" by 1966. The missionary schools providing a curriculum in the English-language medium continued to charge fees which were "regulated by the government". By the 1980s, missionary schools were offering a curriculum – primary and secondary – in the Malay-language

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We do not need this blueprint to produce excellent students. What we need is a revival of the old education system. meaning the education system we had before 1957. That was when we saw dedication from the teachers. The Malaysian education system then was second to none in Asia. We did not have

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Since the introduction of the matriculation programme as an alternative to STPM in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges (kolej matrikulasi in Malay) can enrol in local universities. However, in the matriculation system, only 10% of the places are open to

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Despite its strategic goals, the Dual Language Program (DLP) in Malaysia has encountered several challenges and witnessed significant developments since its inception in 2016. One notable concern has been the proficiency of students in Bahasa Melayu (BM), the national language, and their mother

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At the end of 2023, there were 2,420 DLP schools in Malaysia, comprising 1,613 primary schools and 807 secondary schools. In an effort to address concerns and ensure a case-by-case approach, the Ministry of Education has allowed schools to open more than one DLP class for Year One and Form One

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There are many students who attend international schools in Malaysia. Typically, students either are enrolled in international schools from either Year 7 onwards, as the public education system for secondary school students is entirely in Bahasa Malaysia, whereas most universities and colleges

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By degree of government funding, National Schools are government-owned and operated, while National-type Schools are mostly government-aided, though some are government-owned. In government-aided National-type Schools, the government is responsible for funding the school operations, teachers'

1408:(PTS) or the Level One Evaluation was administered to Year 3 students. Excellence in this test allowed students to skip Year 4 and attend Year 5 instead. However, the test was removed from 2001 onwards due to concerns that parents and teachers were unduly pressuring students to pass the exam. 1335:

At the primary school level, the DLP encompasses Science and Mathematics, while at the lower secondary and upper secondary levels, it extends to additional subjects such as Additional Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Additional Mathematics, and Mathematics. By offering English language

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The standpoint of UCSCAM is that only the implementation of a multilingual school policy befits Malaysia's multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-linguistic and multi-religious society. Dong Jiao Zong's distinctive position for this protest has remained unchanged over the last 50 years.

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are also known as Science Schools. These schools used to cater mainly for Malay elites but have since expanded as schools for nurturing Malays who are outstanding academically or those displaying talents in sports and leadership. The schools are modelled after British Boarding School.

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Not all applicants for matriculation are admitted and the selection criteria are not publicly declared, which has led to speculation that any criteria existing may not be adhered to. A race-based quota is applied on the admission process, with 90% of the places being reserved for the

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In 1973, the Malaysian government implemented an affirmative action program, setting a quota of 55% of university places for Bumiputeras and the remaining 45% for Chinese and Indian students. The university quota system created considerable unhappiness among the Chinese and Indians.

1651:. He complained that "They don't understand what I am saying. I cannot communicate with them." He claimed that "Before 1957 (the year of independence), school heroes were not those with 8As or 9As, they were the great debaters, those good in drama, in sport, and those leading the 638:

mission schools". The report stated that "St John’s International School is now a private-funded education centre in collaboration with the La Salle Brothers Malaysia. It has links with the Lasallian organisation which has had a footing in Malaysia since 1904, with premier

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Shortly after the release of the 2005 SPM results in March 2006, the Education Ministry announced it was considering reforming the SPM system due to what was perceived as over-emphasis on As. Local educators appeared responsive to the suggestion, with one professor at the

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tongues. Field visits by the Ministry of Education revealed instances where students in DLP schools lacked a basic level of proficiency in these languages, prompting the ministry to emphasise the need for schools to ensure that all criteria, including BM mastery, are met.

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organisations took on the role of safeguarding Chinese education in the country and are opposed to Malay replacing Chinese as medium of instruction in Chinese schools. They shape much of the views of the Chinese educated community, which is a key electoral constituency.

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After the General Election 2018 in Malaysia, the incoming Pakatan Harapan government had promised for UEC to be recognised for entrance into public universities and civil service in Malaysia. It is a matter that is still under consideration and has not been implemented.

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into several streams like Science or Art/Commerce in the senior middle levels. However, some schools recently provided unique streams like Electrical Engineering, Food and Beverage Studies or Arts Design. The medium of instruction in Chinese independent high schools is

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global level; and third, to increase the marketability of students in the workforce. The program is strategically designed to strengthen bilingualism among students, ultimately preparing them for the challenges of an increasingly interconnected and competitive world.

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In 2010, the Indian community was shocked at the low 2% to 3% intake of Indian students into public universities. Indians are faring badly under the quota system used for university intake. Under the meritocratic system, about 5% to 10% of the students were Indians.

1792:. After completing the program, the students are placed into various science-based courses in local universities through the meritocracy system. ii) The Special Preparatory Program to Enter the Japanese Universities, a two-year intensive programme under the 891:

into tracks like Science or Art/Commerce in the senior middle stage. At the end of each stage, students sit for the Unified Examination Certificate (UEC). A few schools offer an additional year in senior middle, catering to students taking the government's

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As in primary schools, a National Secondary School must provide teaching of Chinese and Tamil languages, as well as indigenous languages wherever practical, on request of parents of at least 15 pupils in the school. In addition, foreign languages such as

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in a parliamentary reply stated that the scheme attracted 94 scientists (24 Malaysians) in pharmacology, medicine, semi-conductor technology and engineering from abroad between 1995 and 2000. At the time of his reply, only one was remaining in Malaysia.

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Initially, the British colonial government did not provide for any Malay-language secondary schools, forcing those who had studied in Malay during primary school to adjust to an English-language education should they have the opportunity to commence

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There are a number of public universities established in Malaysia. The academic independence of public universities' faculty has been questioned. Critics like Bakri Musa cite examples such as a scientist who was reprimanded by Deputy Prime Minister

4548: 4240:

asking to take back the plots of land where the schools were located. The land will be returned to the owner by 2025 as there are several administrative and legal processes to be followed before they can be handed back to the owner," she said.

4425: 3059:

Some parents also opt to send their children for religious classes after secular classes. Sunday schools and after school classes at the mosque are various options available. In many normal schools, there are also religious classes called

1807:

programme, the Canadian matriculation programme or the equivalent of other national systems – namely the Australian NSW Board of Studies Higher School Certificate and the American High School Diploma with AP subjects. More recently, the

3461:

mentioned that the cabinet discussed the issue and decided to maintain the 90% quota. He also mentioned the decision to raise the amount of seats available, and that there would be some priority for the bottom 40% (B40) income group.

3358:: "Primary education is available throughout Malaya in Tamil, Chinese, and Malay, while children of all races attend the English schools which take them to School Certificate standard. Here is a mixed class in a Kuala Lumpur college." 3259:

will be held among Malaysian MPs. The ruling political alliance is composed of ethnically based parties and one of the concessions allowed by the controlling Malay party is to allow the Chinese and Indian parties to start colleges.

625:

At this period, the "mission school authorities baulked" at the government's request that they "surrender" their schools – land and buildings – to the government to be converted into fully aided national schools. Today, the various

4021:

Missionary Work in Singapore, Penang, Malacca,. Malaysia Mission Conference. Conference of the Malaysia Mission. The boys in the boarding school receive special attention in their studies, and their health and habits are carefully

3379:

were English-medium schools, set up by the former colonial government and Christian missionaries. Following the implementation of the 1967 National Language Act which stipulated the conversion of all English-medium schools to

4212:

However, school A, a Catholic Missionary turned national school does not own its land or school buildings which are owned by various. church groups. and a token monthly rental of RM200 is paid for the hire of the teachers'

1501:

and Mathematics in English in July 2009, and previous languages of instruction will be reintroduced in stages from 2012. However, the Ministry has since launched the Dual Language Program (DLP) to cater the language issue.

4960: 3383:-medium schools; as well with severe race riots in Kuala Lumpur that occurred later in May 1969, English-medium schools were phased out from January 1970; by 1982 these became Malay-medium schools ("national schools"). 1844:

Before the introduction of the matriculation system, students aiming to enter public universities had to complete an additional 18 months of secondary schooling in Form 6 and sit the Malaysian Higher School Certificate

3410:

announced in 2009 that this policy will be reversed in 2012: the teaching of both subjects would revert to Malay. However, the Ministry has since launched the Dual Language Program (DLP) to cater the language issue.

1888:

institute or university – especially in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia – allowing students to spend a portion of their course abroad as well as getting overseas qualifications. One such example is

1964: 1765:. This matriculation is a one or two-year programme run by the Ministry of Education. Previously, it was a one-year programme, but beginning 2006, 30% of all matriculation students were offered two-year programmes. 446:

responded vehemently, with one calling the British policy "a policy that trains the Malay boy how not to get employment" by excluding the Malays from learning in the "bread-earning language of Malaya". He remarked:

1659:." A former Education Director-General, Murad Mohd Noor, agreed, saying that "The rat race now begins at Standard 6 with the UPSR, with the competition resulting in parents forcing their children to attend private 6504: 3794: 1336:

instruction in key STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines, the DLP aims to equip students with the language skills necessary for success in both academic and professional domains.

3434:

are not degree-producing institutions and none have post-graduate programmes. Most are vocational or technical institutions. This imbalance is corrected once the respective genders leave the education system.

4552: 1497:

provide the teaching of Chinese or Tamil language, as well as indigenous languages wherever practical, if the parents of at least 15 pupils in the school request that the particular language be taught.

3120:

tertiary educational institutions internationally, including those in The United States, the United Kingdom, Taiwan, Japan, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia and some European countries.

1855:

non-Bumiputra students. Excellence in these examinations does not guarantee a place in a public university. The selection criteria are largely opaque as no strictly enforced defined guidelines exist.

169:

2,344,891 (66% male & 72% female students move up to Secondary 1 from Primary 6 – some studies suggest that some of the remaining 34% and 28% switch to private institutions after secondary school)

7052: 6514: 1328:

eligible educational institutions the option to conduct teaching and learning sessions in English for specific subjects, notably Science and Mathematics, at the primary and secondary school levels.

4340: 3255:

Education in Malaysia is monitored by the federal government Ministry of Education. In July 2006, Higher Education Deputy Minister Datuk Ong Tee Keat stated that a review of the controversial

3243:, Form Six students (varies in some schools) and students with other additional school duties may wear uniforms of different colours; colours may differ between primary and secondary schools. 7518: 7560: 7067: 3956:

schools with English as the medium of instruction provided the best education. universal free primary education with the abolishment of school fees at primary level. 1961 Education Act...

4370: 3465:

In 2020, it was announced that the 10% of vacancies for non-bumiputera in matriculation program would be divided into 5.43% for the Chinese, 3.72% for the Indian and 0.85% for others.

5286:"Changing the language of instruction for Mathematics and Science in Malaysia: The PPSMI policy and washback effect of bilingual high-stakes secondary school exit exams. (PhD thesis)" 1634:(SPM) or Malaysian Certificate of Education examination, before graduating from secondary school. The SPM was based on the old British School Certificate examination before it became 5300:

Tan, May; Ong Saw Lan (March 2011). "Teaching mathematics and science in English in Malaysian classrooms: The impact of teacher beliefs on classroom practices and student learning".

5209: 3315: 634:

In 2017, a number of "mission school educationists" had reportedly re-established their schools as "private with a local curriculum" stating that the schools had "long histories as

4866: 4952: 6509: 491:

In 1996, the Education Act of 1996 was passed to amend the Education Ordinance of 1956 and the Education Act of 1961. In 2004, the Ministry of Education was split into two: the

4601: 3850: 1361:

There is no fixed rules on when a child needs to start preschool education but majority would start when the child turns 3 years old. Schooling can begin earlier, from 3–6, in

598:

the schools remain single-sex and still bear their original names, such as the ones with the names of saints or words such as "Catholic", "Convent", "Advent" and "Methodist".

3827: 1520:

were closed due to the dwindling number of students and assimilation to Tamil dominance. The role of promoting these two languages and culture are currently fulfilled by some

660:

The school year is divided into two semesters. The first semester begins in early January and ends in late May; the second semester begins in early June and ends in November.

3191:

International schools use curricula of foreign countries or international curricula such as International Baccalaureate, Edexcel or Cambridge International Examinations. See

7503: 6478: 4745: 3280:, motivational camps to increase cultural awareness, food festivals to highlight different ethnic cooking styles, and essay competitions on different cultural traditions. 4626: 7082: 3784: 5228: 4526: 3239:(tudung) for Muslim students. White socks and shoes of black or white are almost universally required for students, while ties are included in certain dress codes. 7508: 7290: 6463: 4131: 3551: 5826: 3319: 1508:

Previously, there were also other types of National-type Schools. The English National-type Schools were assimilated to become National Schools as a result of

3589: 7002: 6962: 3327: 510:

In late December 2021, the Kuala Lumpur High Court ruled that Chinese and Tamil vernacular schools were consistent with Articles 152 (1) (a) and (b) of the

3643: 1781: 1758:

in Malaysia, it is internationally recognised and may also be used, though rarely required, to enter private local universities for undergraduate courses.

1862:(MQF) which seeks to set up a unified system of post secondary qualifications offered on a national basis in the vocational and higher education sectors. 507:, the higher education division was separated again from the Ministry of Education to form as a new ministry since 10 March 2020. It is split as of 2023. 7513: 2152: 585:, established a series of "private missionary schools" which provided primary and secondary education in the English language. Almost all of these were 6585: 3919:

Grants from the government, together with school fees, pay the salaries and traveling expenses of missionary teachers, so that these schools are not a

7195: 1934: 499:. The latter handles matters regarding tertiary education. After a brief merging of the two departments in 2013, they again split in 2015. After the 4897: 4490: 647:

are also considering such re-structuring for their schools saying that they have "no intention to sell their land and buildings for redevelopment".

7311: 5490: 4919: 7185: 4332: 3223:) in the late 19th century during the British colonial era. Today, school uniforms are almost universal in the public and private school systems. 469:(favoured by the Malays), Ordinance Report (modification of the Barnes Report), the Fenn-Wu Report (favoured by the Chinese and Indians), and the 1718: 5109: 7643: 7017: 3523: 3331: 1619:

At the end of Form 3, students performance is determined by Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (PBS), the school-based assessment. Previously, the

880: 443: 4188: 4161: 6740: 4575: 3499: 3256: 1747: 1422: 7459: 7255: 7007: 4070: 1884:

who was reproved for criticising the government policy of teaching mathematics and science in English at the primary and secondary levels.

1121: 17: 5213: 4362: 4034: 3403: 1784:

in Science, University of Malaya, offers two programmes only for Bumiputera students: i) The Science Program, a one-year course under the

7539: 6180: 4093: 3932: 3912: 3568: 1527:

The division of public education at the primary level into National and National-type Schools has been criticised for allegedly creating

4643: 4253: 1612:), before proceeding to Form 1. As in primary schools, students are promoted to the next year regardless of their academic performance. 7647: 7599: 5639: 4940: 4148:

As a result, all English-medium schools at elementary and secondary levels were converted into Malay-medium schools by the end of 1982.

3192: 2557: 199: 4605: 6776: 5387: 2233: 1901: 1785: 3969: 3817: 631:

missionary school results in the "plots of land" being returned by the Education Ministry to their "owners" – the religious groups.

5760: 5599: 5515: 1919: 1897: 1815:

The Government has claimed that admission to universities are purely meritocracy based and do not have plans to change the system.

1421:) for all Year 6 students. Then in 2022, the ministry of education decided that Year 4 to 6 students participate in the new UASA ( 7655: 7619: 6711: 6453: 5979: 4749: 3479: 1789: 496: 202:

has an Education Department to co-ordinate educational matters in its territory. The main legislation governing education is the

4981: 7614: 6992: 6750: 6578: 4686: 3504: 3447:

In 2000, the quota for Bumiputera is raised to 90% and limited the intake of non-Bumiputera such as Indian and Chinese to 10%.

1997:. The scheme set a target of attracting 5,000 talents annually. In 2004, Science, Technology and Innovation Minister, Datuk Dr 484:

without government funding. Most of the schools accepted the change, although a few rejected the offer and came to be known as

3876: 6428: 5750: 5542: 5450: 5093: 4832: 4807: 3024:(SABK). SABK includes secondary schools and may also include a type of primary schools called community religious schools or 2530: 2049: 5050: 4728: 7651: 7260: 5510: 5500: 5475: 3424: 7419: 4995: 3540: 1663:." He also expressed dismay at the prevalence of students taking 15 or 16 subjects for the SPM, calling it "unnecessary". 7576: 6952: 6755: 6473: 3350: 1804: 1739:(which is usually abbreviated as STPM) or Malaysian Higher School Certificate examination (its British equivalent is the 1128:(Switzerland). Many students from international schools enter university at the age of 17 due to the age arrangements. 7022: 5912: 5831: 5624: 5064: 3489: 3078:

After receiving primary education in national-type primary schools, some students from SJK(C) may choose to study in a

1859: 1847: 1736: 7523: 7210: 7200: 6699: 6657: 6571: 6007: 5604: 4198: 4171: 4141: 4103: 4058:

No school fees are charged in assisted primary schools or in any of the Malay-medium secondary schools, but in other

4044: 3979: 3942: 3886: 3711: 3016: 2015: 2011: 1944: 1924: 1865:

From 2004 to 2013, the government formed the Ministry of Higher Education to oversee tertiary education in Malaysia.

1728: 1694: 1434: 7424: 4848: 4518: 4226: 7117: 7027: 7012: 6608: 5577: 3494: 3474: 3113: 1824: 1740: 1635: 550: 492: 399: 179: 35: 5505: 1803:

Some students undertake their pre-university studies in private colleges. They may opt for programmes such as the

7324: 7152: 6781: 6771: 6642: 6173: 5821: 5644: 5480: 3484: 3079: 3073: 1881: 1656: 1418: 1413: 893: 500: 485: 3208: 7678: 7389: 6705: 6263: 5841: 5183: 4402: 3767: 3021: 546: 1411:

Before progressing to secondary education, Year 6 pupils used to sit for the Primary School Achievement Test (

7349: 7344: 7250: 7245: 7190: 7142: 7127: 6997: 6843: 5934: 5929: 5695: 5649: 5619: 5547: 5446: 5416: 5380: 3450:

By 2008, the quota for university entrance had been abolished. Quotas in the matriculation program remained.

3106: 3083: 1993:

The net outflow of academics from Malaysia led to a "brain gain" scheme by then (1995) Prime Minister Tun Dr

1889: 1652: 1473: 605:

at primary schools with a Malay-language medium; fees for Malay-medium primary schools were abolished by the

515: 414: 203: 360:

schools were the earliest forms of schooling available in Malaysia. Early works of Malay literature such as

7454: 7404: 7379: 7359: 7354: 7265: 7122: 7062: 6723: 6647: 6468: 6373: 5875: 5537: 5254: 4771: 3563:

Tan, Peter K. W. (2005), 'The medium-of-instruction debate in Malaysia: English as a Malaysian language?’,

3431: 2462: 622:

school, then the second year in the following year and so on. The change was completed by the end of 1982.

2706: 7280: 7275: 6683: 6052: 5969: 5861: 5730: 5609: 4905: 3049: 2997: 1939: 1929: 1809: 1793: 1690: 1682: 1125: 644: 570: 477: 422: 403: 395: 285: 7175: 4927: 4279: 1949: 1868:

The government announced a reduction of reliance of racial quotas in 2002, instead leaning more towards

7374: 7364: 7334: 7270: 7240: 7220: 7180: 7170: 7137: 7132: 7107: 7097: 6823: 6745: 6166: 5755: 5680: 5634: 5592: 5567: 3045: 2984: 2302: 2242: 1959: 1893: 1833: 1828: 7205: 5113: 3993:

The students paid school fees. the fees were low because the school was funded by government grants...

3398:, which was planned under a belief that Malaysia would not be left behind in a world that was rapidly 2512: 1954: 1625:(PT3) or Form Three Assessment was taken by students until the government abolished the exam in 2022. 465:

In the 1950s, there had been four initial proposals for developing the national education system: the

7092: 6717: 6678: 6673: 6652: 6423: 6388: 6343: 5803: 5791: 5614: 5582: 2907: 2848: 640: 535: 523: 2765: 2595: 2456: 1673:

Other types of government or government-aided secondary schools include Religious Secondary School (

7295: 7057: 7047: 6972: 6313: 6308: 6203: 6195: 6133: 6083: 5959: 5902: 5856: 5808: 5796: 5710: 5685: 5572: 5373: 3277: 3204: 1986: 1630: 511: 4305: 7339: 7285: 7147: 7102: 6967: 6433: 6408: 6323: 6303: 6253: 6223: 6213: 5944: 5786: 5562: 4661: 4393: 3785:"Court rules vernacular schools constitutionally protected, throws out Malay-Muslim group's suit" 3288:

classes will be held in national schools, beginning with a pilot project in 220 schools in 2007.

2037: 1705: 1678: 531: 418: 3529: 1385:

Primary education in Malaysia begins at age seven and lasts for six years, referred to as Year (

229:. It is further divided into national and private education. Education may be obtained from the 7429: 7112: 7077: 6977: 6797: 6519: 6398: 6393: 6273: 6093: 5922: 5897: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5715: 5700: 3407: 3391: 3053: 3031:

The SAR schools teach Muslim students subjects related to Islam such as early Islamic history,

2084: 1732: 627: 195: 5135: 5083: 3394:

announced that from 2003 onwards, the teaching of Science and Mathematics would transition to

3362:

The history of issues in Malaysian education started since the British government period: the

3096:

public, with UCSCAM (United Chinese School Committees' Association of Malaysia, also known as

7369: 7037: 6413: 6368: 6348: 6238: 5974: 5939: 5851: 5720: 5690: 5552: 5525: 5485: 1969: 1770: 1621: 1440: 574: 5355: 5051:"Unesco DG commends Malaysia for introducing education blueprint – Nation – The Star Online" 1723:

After the SPM, students from public secondary school would have a choice of either studying

6982: 6637: 6438: 6353: 6333: 6218: 6208: 6027: 6022: 5964: 5887: 5663: 5587: 5460: 5421: 3751: 3355: 2041: 2026: 1644: 1149: 888: 879:

junior middle and three years in senior middle, similar to the secondary school systems in

681: 257: 5210:"MERITOCRACY: Indian students need assistance – Letters to the Editor – New Straits Times" 4457: 8: 7444: 6493: 6483: 6418: 6383: 6318: 6298: 6288: 6248: 6233: 6228: 6126: 6119: 5994: 5954: 5846: 5774: 5675: 5629: 5408: 5400: 4495: 3822: 3755: 3517: 3273: 3158:

The UCSCAM believed that the government of Malaysia had a "final goal" (referring to the

2948: 2584: 1797: 1528: 884: 430: 410: 391: 375: 335: 218: 5285: 4735:, From the official website of Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 4006: 3370:

was made to replace the unsuccessful Barnes Report, and the system remains until today.

6524: 6443: 6403: 6378: 6358: 6293: 6268: 6258: 6243: 6012: 5949: 5917: 5470: 5426: 4953:"Education Ministry cuts school uniforms to just twice weekly in new attire guidelines" 4665: 3685: 3141: 3061: 1905: 1743: 1698: 1666:

A subset of the public secondary schools are known as National-type Secondary Schools (

1310: 1124:(UK), Australian curriculum (Western Australia), Canadian curriculum (Ontario) and the 1102: 861: 826: 586: 566: 387: 366:

mention these schools indicating they pre-date the current secular model of education.

281: 226: 86: 75: 3851:"Two groups now want Federal Court to decide on vernacular schools' constitutionality" 3642:

CARVALHO, MARTIN; VETHASALAM, RAGANANTHINI; YUNUS, ARFA; MONIHULDIN, MAHADHIR (2023).

7414: 7399: 7072: 6957: 6860: 6548: 6363: 6328: 6283: 6278: 6142: 6057: 6042: 6037: 6017: 5984: 5892: 5813: 5465: 5292: 5089: 4828: 4827:. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. p. 143. 4803: 4712: 4630: 4194: 4167: 4137: 4099: 4040: 3975: 3938: 3882: 3763: 3707: 3677: 3594: 3281: 3102: 3093: 3010:

A system of Islamic religious schools exists in Malaysia. Primary schools are called

2022: 1998: 1755: 1590: 1377: 538:

to decide on vernacular schools’ constitutionality after the lower courts judgement.

504: 261: 214: 81: 1401:). Students are promoted to the next year regardless of their academic performance. 7384: 7042: 6947: 6088: 5705: 5309: 2393: 2055:

The following is a list of the polytechnics in Malaysia in order of establishment:

1994: 1660: 1517: 1469: 1303: 1236: 1095: 1070: 1041: 1012: 983: 954: 925: 914: 854: 844: 768: 413:

worked to improve the education of the Malays and was instrumental in establishing

362: 320: 222: 3112:

Students in Chinese independent high schools take standardised tests known as the

1965:

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus

1573:

Public secondary education in Malaysia is provided by National Secondary Schools (

7449: 7409: 7087: 7032: 6987: 6147: 6047: 6032: 5725: 5495: 4999: 4797: 4732: 4725: 3300:

sports schools but we produced citizens who were Asian class, if not world class.

3214: 3032: 2925: 2852: 2710: 2699: 2599: 2237: 1647:

deploring university students who could not write letters, debate, or understand

1586: 1513: 594: 527: 253: 230: 91: 1880:

for "publishing studies on air pollution" and a professor of mathematics at the

1735:). If they are accepted to continue studying in Form 6, they will also take the 406:. Many traditionally English-language schools are considered quite prestigious. 7464: 7439: 7434: 7329: 7316: 5836: 5441: 5436: 5360: 5313: 4992: 4466: 3971:

Nonnative Speaker English Teachers: Research, Pedagogy, and Professional Growth

3590:"Education Ministry largest 2020 Budget recipient with RM64.1b [NSTTV]" 3556: 3380: 3285: 2343: 2062: 2018:(DBA) are becoming popular and are offered by public and private universities. 1796:

Division of the Public Service Department of Malaysia in co-operation with the

1509: 1484: 1447: 1283: 1169: 1037: 815: 701: 655: 635: 562: 519: 481: 245: 237: 183: 45: 4004: 1531:

at an early age. To address the problem, attempts have been made to establish

7672: 6542: 6073: 6002: 5557: 5455: 5431: 5010:

Koh, Lay Chin (17 January 2007). "Free hand for 'clusters' to excel", p. 12.

3681: 3458: 3363: 2975: 2260: 1980: 1762: 1293: 1243: 1066: 921: 834: 775: 606: 466: 249: 3179: 1114: 7215: 6563: 6099: 5157: 3367: 3292: 3159: 3002:

Apart from national schools, there are other types of schools in Malaysia.

2952: 2841: 2783: 2729: 2649: 2347: 2316: 1858:

The classification of tertiary education in Malaysia is organised upon the

1362: 1253: 1206: 1186: 1159: 950: 785: 738: 718: 691: 470: 265: 233: 6921: 1353:

students based on readiness and assessment by relevant education offices.

7394: 6552: 4434: 3644:"Compulsory education may be up to secondary level, says deputy minister" 2898: 2837: 2645: 1877: 1869: 1493:

All schools admit students regardless of racial and language background.

1273: 1263: 1226: 1216: 1196: 1176: 1008: 979: 805: 795: 758: 748: 728: 708: 304: 269: 5023:"Enhancing racial unity in national schools", p. 13. (17 January 2007). 3622:

MyGOV – The Government of Malaysia's Official Portal www.malaysia.gov.my

503:, the ministry became a higher education division under the MOE. In the 3789: 3689: 3399: 3311: 2787: 2424: 2397: 1812:

Diploma Programme is becoming more popular as a pre-university option.

1724: 1648: 558: 241: 3668:

Hirschman, Charles (1972). "Educational Patterns in Colonial Malaya".

153:

5,407,865 with 405,716 teachers (ratio 13:1), incl. 163,746 pre-school

4662:"In Malaysia, English Ban Raises Fears for Future – NYTimes.com" 3231:

and a collared shirt, a knee-length skirt and a collared shirt, or a

2287: 1558: 1142: 674: 611: 582: 386:, and Singapore. The oldest English-language school in Malaya is the 331: 273: 210: 191: 6158: 5365: 5346: 5345:, official government portal for international students applying to 5342: 1439:

Public primary schools are divided into two categories based on the

6078: 5396: 3276:

in schools. Under the Blueprint, schools will hold seminars on the

3228: 3184: 3165: 2810: 2733: 2676: 2534: 2447: 2291: 2183: 1751: 1521: 578: 353: 316: 293: 7544: 7068:

Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University

4491:"Parents against introduction of non-DLP class in Melaka schools" 4333:"DLP schools must ensure students' Bahasa mastery, says minister" 3641: 3366:

in 1951 to unite all races with the colonial language. The later

3316:

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation

3240: 2871: 2756: 2738: 2622: 2476: 2451: 2370: 2210: 2206: 2179: 2125: 2045: 1689:

boarding schools ('asrama penuh'). Examples of these schools are

1567: 1461:, SJK), also known as "vernacular schools", further divided into 897: 383: 357: 324: 289: 7486: 4802:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 259. 4190:

Exploring the Bias: Gender and Stereotyping in Secondary Schools

4163:

International Comparative Perspectives on Religion and Education

3530:"PM Unveils Caring Budget, More New Measures To Perk Up Economy" 3415:

students, not as mother tongue courses but as elective courses.

2375: 1915:

Some of the foreign university branch campuses in Malaysia are:

252:. International and private institutions charge school fees. By 5351: 2875: 2704: 2588: 2561: 2420: 2129: 1596:

Secondary education lasts for five years, referred to as Form (

1078: 1049: 1020: 991: 962: 933: 615: 379: 338:

in Malacca, the second oldest recorded high school in Malaysia.

161:

2,899,228 (survival rate to last primary grade, Grade 6 is 99%)

5337: 4627:

English in Schools: Policy reversed but English hours extended

4576:"UASA KPM : Format, Tarikh Pelaksanaan dan Contoh Soalan" 1543: 643:

as a mission school, and also in more than 70 countries". The

209:

The education system in Malaysia is divided into five stages:

5332: 5229:"MOE – 'I am fighting for all Malaysians'- New Straits Times" 5158:"10 pct for non-bumis in matriculation intake is way too low" 4710:"Experts: Go back to drawing board", p. 22. (21 March 2006). 3395: 3236: 3040: 2979: 2902: 2814: 2760: 2618: 2507: 2503: 2480: 2320: 2264: 2161: 2156: 2134: 2102: 1754:. Although it is generally taken by those desiring to attend 1552: 1548: 374:

Many of the earliest schools in Malaysia were founded in the

309: 277: 7083:

Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management & Technology

5328:

Ministry of Education Malaysia All Information Login website

3247:

floods, and convenience of parents, teachers, and students.

2269: 2215: 1841:

Tertiary education is heavily subsidised by the government.

1712: 656:

Public and private schools following the National Curriculum

610:

medium and thus no longer required to charge fees. However,

442:

Malay representatives in the Federal Council as well as the

5136:"Teaching of Science And Mathematics Back To Bahasa Melayu" 3878:

Sinhalese Immigrants in Malaysia & Singapore, 1860–1990

3291:

The Blueprint has been subject to some criticism. Academic

3218: 3036: 2672: 2429: 2098: 2021:

All public and most private universities in Malaysia offer

1563: 602: 347: 4883: 2957: 2930: 2880: 2846: 2566: 2539: 2485: 5085:

Standards of English: Codified Varieties around the World

3304: 3263: 2819: 2792: 2681: 2654: 2627: 2593: 2402: 2352: 2325: 2296: 2188: 2107: 1600:) 1 to 5. Form 1 to Form 3 are known as Lower Secondary ( 1428: 1393:) 1 to 6). Year 1 to Year 3 are classified as Level One ( 1115:

International schools following international curriculums

590: 6620: 5327: 5110:"Malaysian police fire teargas at protesters: witnesses" 4363:"Justify new conditions under DLP guidelines, MOE urged" 3704:

The Politics of Administration: The Malaysian Experience

3617: 1851:, STPM); equivalent to the British Advanced or A Level. 1628:

At the end of Form 5, students are required to take the

7291:

Twintech International University College of Technology

5354:

Regional Office for Education in Asia, Bangkok, 1973 –

5036:"Review of curricula soon", p. 13. (January 17, 2006). 4005:

Methodist Episcopal Church. Missionary Society (1903).

3438: 534:

assemblyman Ronnie Liu. However, the NGOs now want the

6963:

Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation

6922:

Private universities, university colleges and colleges

3320:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

3235:

consisting of a top and a long skirt with an optional

3092:). Chinese independent high schools are funded by the 1837:

Examination performance letter of the STPM examination

1397:) while Year 4 to Year 6 are considered as Level Two ( 7003:

International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance

3328:

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

3067: 1761:

Additionally all students may apply for admission to

4867:"Senarai Sekolah Yang Melaksanakan Kelas Aliran ..." 4310:

Department of Education, Federal Territory Putrajaya

3881:. K.V.G. De Silva & Sons (Colombo). p. 91. 1604:), while Form 4 and 5 are known as Upper Secondary ( 260:. Secondary education is expected to be compulsory. 5356:

The Educational statistics system of Malaysia, 1972

5299: 5227:Harun, Hana Naz; Jay, Beatrice Nita (3 June 2019). 3272:The Blueprint also aimed to address the problem of 873: 280:. Currently, there are 43 universities, 31 private 4418: 4039:. Europa Publications Linited. 1980. p. 746. 3039:. It is not compulsory though some states such as 2025:degrees either through coursework or research and 460: 7196:Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus 3818:"Parties laud court ruling on vernacular schools" 3760:The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar 3750: 1935:Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus 7670: 7312:Adventist College of Nursing and Health Sciences 5291:. Department of Integrated Studies in Education 5065:"Highlights of the National Education Blueprint" 4602:"Malay groups want vernacular schools abolished" 3345: 1677:), Technical Schools (Sekolah Menengah Teknik), 425:in 1905 which aimed to educate the Malay elite. 7018:Malaysia University of Science & Technology 5333:Ministry of Education Malaysia official website 3706:, p. 9. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. 3132: 3056:). SAR may become part of SABK formed in 2005. 3020:(SMKA). Another group of religious schools are 1719:List of post-secondary institutions in Malaysia 1524:(Sikh temples) and Telugu based organisations. 601:By the 1960s, the government no longer charged 5184:"FACTBOX-Malaysia's affirmative action policy" 5081: 4898:"Lim Lian Geok: Soul of the Malaysian Chinese" 3332:Programme for International Student Assessment 3227:pants. Female students may wear a knee-length 3213:Present-day Malaysia introduced Western-style 1940:Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia (NUMed) 1322: 417:with the purpose of producing Malay teachers. 6741:Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah 6579: 6174: 5381: 5338:Ministry of Higher Education official website 5088:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 280–. 4795: 4687:"PT3 exam abolished, says Education Minister" 3874: 3500:Lists of universities and colleges by country 3257:Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 3145: 3087: 2275:Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah 1773:, and the other 10% for the non-Bumiputeras. 541: 7487:Military, law enforcement and fire academies 7256:Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University College 7008:Limkokwing University of Creative Technology 6820:Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah 6593: 5283: 4470:] (in Chinese (Malaysia)). 28 April 2024 4438:] (in Chinese (Malaysia)). 28 April 2024 4254:"Three Penang convent schools going private" 4073:. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 1971. p. 98 3569:The medium-of-instruction debate in Malaysia 3005: 7540:Royal Malaysian Police College Kuala Lumpur 6978:DRB-HICOM University Of Automotive Malaysia 4982:Constitution of Malaysia Ninth Schedule 4133:English in Malaysia: Current Use and Status 2140:Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah 60:RM64.1 billion (US$ 15.4 billion) 6805:Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah 6604: 6586: 6572: 6181: 6167: 5388: 5374: 3934:Growing up Female in Multi-Ethnic Malaysia 3209:School uniforms by country § Malaysia 3193:Template:International schools in Malaysia 3127: 3014:(SRA), while secondary schools are called 2005: 1339: 369: 7211:University of Southampton Malaysia Campus 6777:International Islamic University Malaysia 4251: 4193:. Commonwealth Secretariat. p. 119. 4129: 3782: 3667: 3153: 2991: 1945:University of Southampton Malaysia Campus 1902:Regensburg University of Applied Sciences 1713:Post-secondary education (pre-university) 618:and their families are still paid today. 7598: 5302:Journal of English for Academic Purposes 5226: 4159: 4095:The Journey Through Four Seasons of Life 3349: 3178: 3174: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2461: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2315: 2313:Premier Polytechnic (University Status) 2312: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2286: 2284:Premier Polytechnic (University Status) 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2097: 2095:Premier Polytechnic (University Status) 2094: 2091: 2088: 2083: 1920:University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus 1898:National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1832: 1557: 1542: 1457:non-Malay-medium National-type Schools ( 1376: 561:of Christian denominations, such as the 545: 330: 315: 303: 7620:University System of Tunku Abdul Rahman 6712:National Defence University of Malaysia 4746:"Sistem meritokrasi ke IPTA dikekalkan" 4604:. The Malaysian Insider. Archived from 4599: 4573: 4516: 4330: 4224: 3914:Foreign volume and a statistical mirror 2983: 2956: 2929: 2906: 2879: 2845: 2818: 2791: 2764: 2737: 2703: 2680: 2653: 2626: 2592: 2565: 2538: 2511: 2484: 2455: 2428: 2401: 2374: 2351: 2324: 2295: 2268: 2241: 2214: 2187: 2160: 2133: 2106: 14: 7671: 7615:Malaysian Technical University Network 7186:Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia 6993:Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur 6751:Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia 4799:Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges 4796:Saw, Swee-Hock; Kesavapany, K (2006). 3967: 3930: 3783:Dzulkifly, Danial (29 December 2021). 3505:Early Intervention Centres in Malaysia 3305:National Education Blueprint 2013–2025 3264:National Education Blueprint 2006–2010 3166:"Do not give up and do not compromise" 2963:Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail 2408:Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin 1538: 1429:School types and medium of instruction 1356: 553:, established in 1899 in Kuala Lumpur 7644:Universities and colleges in Malaysia 7597: 7485: 7405:KTG Education Group#Group of Colleges 6920: 6901:Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail 6837:Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin 6619: 6567: 6188: 6162: 5395: 5369: 5361:Schools In Malaysia, School Directory 4950: 4659: 3830:from the original on 30 December 2021 3797:from the original on 30 December 2021 3457:In a 2019, the Minister of Education 1818: 7652:Rankings of universities in Malaysia 6621:Public universities and polytechnics 5827:States and municipalities by exports 5516:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis 4963:from the original on 21 January 2024 4853:Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Terengganu 4822: 4772:"Academic Qualification Equivalence" 4719: 4574:nuriman, adeeba (13 December 2022). 4529:from the original on 20 January 2024 4517:JEEVITA, JAAYNE (22 December 2023). 4373:from the original on 20 January 2024 4343:from the original on 20 January 2024 4331:JEEVITA, JAAYNE (21 December 2023). 4186: 4091: 4071:"Educational Statistics of Malaysia" 3815: 3439:Racial quotas in public universities 3425:United Nations Development Programme 1746:examination or internationally, the 1381:Peringgit Primary School in Malacca. 1372: 1313:(College, Polytechnic or University) 1105:(College, Polytechnic or University) 864:(College, Polytechnic or University) 565:religious orders – particularly the 557:During the British colonial period, 7577:Fire and Rescue Academy of Malaysia 7420:Raffles College of Higher Education 7023:Management & Science University 6953:Al-Madinah International University 6756:Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 4951:Yusry, Muhammad (19 January 2024). 4600:Mustafa, Shazwan (22 August 2010). 4519:"'DLP schools must not neglect BM'" 4488: 3848: 3816:Liew, Jia Xian (30 December 2021). 3250: 2491:Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah 24: 7561:Sultan Ahmad Shah Maritime Academy 6848:Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah 5343:Education Malaysia Global Services 5277: 5082:Raymond Hickey (6 December 2012). 4166:. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. p. 247. 3490:Malaysian Qualifications Framework 3198: 2545:Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin 2113:Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah 1860:Malaysian Qualifications Framework 1848:Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia 1737:Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia 1593:may be taught at certain schools. 1389:) 1 to 6 (also known as Standard ( 1122:Cambridge International Curriculum 286:foreign university branch campuses 25: 7690: 7216:University of Wollongong Malaysia 7201:University of Nottingham Malaysia 6854:Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin 6802:Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah 6700:Sultan Idris Education University 6658:University of Technology Malaysia 5321: 5255:"2020开放3万大学预科班学额保留5.43%予华裔 | 国内" 5252: 4642:Beech, Hannah (30 October 2006). 4551:. Malaysia.gov.my. Archived from 4391: 4284:Department of Education, Selangor 4252:Dzulkifly, D. (5 November 2017). 4227:"Iconic convent schools to close" 3552:Time to overhaul education system 3295:has criticised the plan, saying: 3017:Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama 2016:Doctor of Business Administration 2012:Master of Business Administration 2010:Postgraduate degrees such as the 1925:Monash University Malaysia Campus 1695:Royal Military College (Malaysia) 1668:Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan 1435:Tamil primary schools in Malaysia 476:In the early years following the 7639: 7638: 7545:Malaysian Police Training Centre 7118:University of Technology Sarawak 7028:Manipal International University 7013:International Medical University 6609:List of universities in Malaysia 6603: 6547: 6538: 6537: 5476:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 3565:Problems & Language Planning 3539:Yusop, Husna (16 October 2005). 3495:Department of Skills Development 3068:Chinese independent high schools 2040:in Malaysia provide courses for 1825:List of universities in Malaysia 1741:General Certificate of Education 1636:General Certificate of Education 1481:Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Tamil) 1464:National-type School (Chinese) ( 874:Chinese Independent High Schools 650: 645:Sisters of the Holy Infant Jesus 571:Sisters of the Holy Infant Jesus 551:Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus 522:, Deputy Education Minister and 486:Chinese independent high schools 444:Legislative Council of Singapore 400:King Edward VII School (Taiping) 264:are a common feature as in many 52:National education budget (2020) 7325:Crescendo International College 7176:Heriot-Watt University Malaysia 7153:UNITAR International University 6782:Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 6772:Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 6643:National University of Malaysia 6594: 5246: 5220: 5202: 5176: 5150: 5128: 5112:. MSN News. AFP. Archived from 5102: 5075: 5057: 5043: 5030: 5017: 5004: 4986: 4975: 4944: 4934: 4924:LLG Cultural Development Centre 4912: 4902:LLG Cultural Development Centre 4890: 4876: 4859: 4841: 4816: 4789: 4764: 4738: 4704: 4679: 4653: 4636: 4620: 4593: 4567: 4541: 4510: 4482: 4450: 4385: 4355: 4324: 4298: 4272: 4245: 4218: 4180: 4153: 4123: 4085: 4063: 4027: 4011:. Proprietor – Methodist church 3998: 3961: 3924: 3905: 3868: 3842: 3809: 3776: 3485:Malaysian Qualifications Agency 3114:Unified Examination Certificate 3080:Chinese independent high school 3074:Chinese independent high school 2936:Politeknik METrO Tasek Gelugor 2032: 1950:Heriot-Watt University Malaysia 1882:National University of Malaysia 1466:Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) 1419:Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah 1414:Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah 894:Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia 829:or selected secondary schools) 478:1957 Malaysian Independence Act 461:Decolonisation and independence 390:, founded in 1816, followed by 308:Batu Pahat Secondary School in 7460:Victoria International College 7390:Methodist College Kuala Lumpur 7206:University of Reading Malaysia 7191:RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus 6898:Politeknik METrO Tasek Gelugor 6706:Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 6505:British Indian Ocean Territory 4825:Towards A Competitive Malaysia 4403:Oriental Daily News (Malaysia) 4394:"教育部发函强制开设国文数理班　甲12所中小学家协联署反对" 3744: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3696: 3661: 3635: 3610: 3582: 3146: 3088: 3022:Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan 2825:Politeknik METrO Kuala Lumpur 1955:University of Reading Malaysia 1786:Department of Higher Education 1752:Malaysian Examinations Council 1479:National-type School (Tamil) ( 1083: 1054: 1025: 996: 967: 938: 13: 1: 7345:International Islamic College 7251:Han Chiang University College 7246:First City University College 7143:Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman 7128:Universiti Teknologi Petronas 6998:INTI International University 6886:Politeknik METrO Kuala Lumpur 5447:Japanese occupation of Malaya 4489:RSN, Murali (28 April 2024). 4406:] (in Chinese (Malaysia)) 4306:"DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAM (DLP)" 3849:Lim, Ida (21 December 2023). 3550:Yusop, Husna (9 March 2006). 3510: 3346:Issues in Malaysian education 3183:HELP International School in 3107:simplified Chinese characters 2886:Politeknik METrO Johor Bahru 2518:Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah 2057: 1890:Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman 1782:Centre for Foundation Studies 516:Malaysian Chinese Association 415:Sultan Idris Training College 194:is the responsibility of the 7656:Ministry of Higher Education 7648:Malaysian university leaders 7455:Tung Shin Academy of Nursing 7360:Kirkby International College 7123:Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah 7063:SEGi University and Colleges 6892:Politeknik METrO Johor Bahru 6851:Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah 6844:Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah 6724:Universiti Malaysia Kelantan 6648:University of Putra Malaysia 5761:State legislative assemblies 5481:Sarawak communist insurgency 5284:Tan, Hui May (August 2009). 4225:Sekaran, R. (21 June 2019). 4036:The Far East and Australasia 3900:private missionary schools 3670:Comparative Education Review 3526:. Retrieved 16 October 2005. 3520:. Retrieved 16 October 2005. 3480:Ministry of Higher Education 3408:Abdullah Badawi's government 2463:Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah 2381:Politeknik Kuala Terengganu 1790:Ministry of Higher Education 1750:). STPM is regulated by the 1685:(Maktab Rendah Sains MARA). 1562:Chung Hua Secondary School, 1512:. Others, such as those for 497:Ministry of Higher Education 18:Higher education in Malaysia 7: 7350:INTI International Colleges 7281:Southern University College 7276:Selangor Islamic University 6834:Politeknik Kuala Terengganu 6684:Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 5980:Water supply and sanitation 5506:1997 Asian financial crisis 4660:Gooch, Liz (10 July 2009). 3917:. Interchurch Press. 1920. 3702:Puthucheary, Mavis (1978). 3468: 3430:Malaysian polytechnics and 3373: 2998:List of schools in Malaysia 2771:Politeknik Hulu Terengganu 2194:Politeknik Kuching Sarawak 1930:Curtin University, Malaysia 1810:International Baccalaureate 1691:Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman 1683:MARA Junior Science College 1575:Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan 1547:Chio Min Secondary School, 1323:Dual Language Program (DLP) 457:institutions of education. 423:Malay College Kuala Kangsar 404:Anglo Chinese School, Klang 352:(literally, "hut school"), 200:state and federal territory 10: 7695: 7375:Malaysian Institute of Art 7365:Lam Wah Ee Nursing College 7335:German-Malaysian Institute 7271:New Era University College 7261:Lincoln University College 7241:Berjaya University College 7221:Xiamen University Malaysia 7181:Monash University Malaysia 7171:Curtin University Malaysia 7138:Universiti Tun Abdul Razak 7133:Universiti Tenaga Nasional 7108:University of Malaya-Wales 7098:University of Kuala Lumpur 6880:Politeknik Hulu Terengganu 6746:Universiti Malaysia Perlis 6667:Comprehensive universities 5543:Cities, towns and villages 5501:1988 constitutional crisis 5314:10.1016/j.jeap.2010.11.001 4549:"Primary School Education" 3875:Arseculeratne, S. (1991). 3518:"Country Facts – Malaysia" 3396:English as the main medium 3202: 3071: 2995: 2331:Politeknik Seberang Perai 2050:Special Skills Certificate 2029:degrees through research. 1960:Xiamen University Malaysia 1894:National Taiwan University 1829:Academic ranks in Malaysia 1822: 1716: 1450:-medium National Schools ( 1432: 1404:From 1996 until 2000, the 542:Private missionary schools 438:to abandon those pursuits. 342: 299: 124:95% (all 15 yrs and above) 7636: 7610: 7606: 7593: 7569: 7553: 7532: 7519:Military Training Academy 7496: 7492: 7481: 7304: 7266:Linton University College 7233: 7161: 7093:Universiti Islam Malaysia 6938: 6931: 6927: 6916: 6828:Politeknik Seberang Perai 6824:Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan 6790: 6764: 6733: 6718:Universiti Utara Malaysia 6692: 6679:Universiti Malaysia Sabah 6674:Universiti Teknologi MARA 6666: 6653:Universiti Sains Malaysia 6630: 6626: 6615: 6601: 6533: 6492: 6452: 6194: 6113: 6066: 5993: 5883: 5874: 5782: 5773: 5671: 5662: 5533: 5524: 5407: 3937:. Routledge. p. 51. 3418: 3006:Islamic religious schools 2972:Conventional Polytechnic 2859:Politeknik METrO Kuantan 2807:Conventional Polytechnic 2780:Conventional Polytechnic 2753:Conventional Polytechnic 2726:Conventional Polytechnic 2696:Conventional Polytechnic 2669:Conventional Polytechnic 2642:Conventional Polytechnic 2615:Conventional Polytechnic 2606:Politeknik Mukah Sarawak 2581:Conventional Polytechnic 2554:Conventional Polytechnic 2527:Conventional Polytechnic 2500:Conventional Polytechnic 2473:Conventional Polytechnic 2444:Conventional Polytechnic 2417:Conventional Polytechnic 2390:Conventional Polytechnic 2367:Conventional Polytechnic 2340:Conventional Polytechnic 2303:Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan 2257:Conventional Polytechnic 2248:Politeknik Kota Kinabalu 2230:Conventional Polytechnic 2203:Conventional Polytechnic 2176:Conventional Polytechnic 2149:Conventional Polytechnic 2122:Conventional Polytechnic 1748:Higher School Certificate 1679:Fully Residential Schools 1610:Kelas/Tingkatan Peralihan 1423:Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik 1302: 1235: 1168: 1141: 1094: 1074: 1045: 1016: 987: 958: 929: 913: 853: 824: 767: 700: 673: 524:Malaysian Indian Congress 165: 157: 149: 144: 136: 128: 120: 115: 107: 99: 69: 64: 56: 51: 41: 34: 7321:Brickfields Asia College 7296:Widad University College 7048:Open University Malaysia 6973:City University Malaysia 6889:Politeknik METrO Kuantan 6817:Politeknik Kota Kinabalu 6708:(Science and Technology) 6595:Universities in Malaysia 6254:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 6033:Malay ethnic nationalism 5491:Second Malayan Emergency 5253:许, 良波 (19 August 2020). 4461: 4429: 4426:"甲12中小学促取消措施反对强制国文教数理" 4397: 3575: 3278:Constitution of Malaysia 3205:Malaysian school uniform 2913:Politeknik METrO Betong 2572:Politeknik Muadzam Shah 2221:Politeknik Port Dickson 1987:Raffles Design Institute 1631:Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia 1459:Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan 1304:Post-secondary education 1096:Post-secondary education 855:Post-secondary education 518:secretary-general Datuk 396:St. Xavier's Institution 223:post-secondary education 140:95% total, 98% 15–24 yrs 132:95% total, 98% 15–24 yrs 7340:INTEC Education College 7286:TATI University College 7148:Wawasan Open University 7103:University of Cyberjaya 6968:Asia School of Business 6895:Politeknik METrO Betong 6857:Politeknik Muadzam Shah 6814:Politeknik Port Dickson 6515:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5261:(in Simplified Chinese) 4920:"Lim Lian Geok sayings" 4823:Musa, M. Bakri (2007). 4731:26 January 2017 at the 4458:"教部发函强制开国文数理班甲12校联署反对" 4392:黄, 钰苹 (28 April 2024). 4280:"DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAM" 4098:. Xlibris Corporation. 4008:The Gospel in All Lands 3741:Puthucheary, pp. 10–11. 3532:. (30 September 2005). 3220:pakaian seragam sekolah 3128:Dong Jiao Zong's policy 2633:Politeknik Balik Pulau 2006:Postgraduate programmes 1706:Sekolah Berasrama Penuh 1704:Residential schools or 1622:Pentaksiran Tingkatan 3 1340:Issues and Developments 628:religious denominations 532:Democratic Action Party 421:helped established the 419:Richard James Wilkinson 370:British colonial period 256:, primary education is 236:system, which provides 7524:Royal Military College 7430:Sentral College Penang 7113:University of Selangor 6865:Politeknik Balik Pulau 6798:Ungku Omar Polytechnic 6734:Technical universities 5832:Science and technology 5138:. Bernama. 8 July 2009 4136:. BRILL. p. 105. 4130:Deterding, D. (2016). 3723:Puthucheary, pp. 9–10. 3567:29: 1, pp. 47–66 3524:"A Glimpse of History" 3359: 3302: 3219: 3188: 2992:Other types of schools 2709:9 October 2020 at the 2167:Politeknik Kota Bharu 1838: 1675:Sekolah Menengah Agama 1570: 1555: 1382: 641:St. John's Institution 575:Seventh-day Adventists 554: 512:Malaysian Constitution 454: 440: 348: 339: 328: 313: 268:countries such as the 188:Kementerian Pendidikan 187: 7679:Education in Malaysia 7660:Education in Malaysia 7370:Malaysian Han Studies 7038:Multimedia University 6808:Politeknik Kota Bharu 6631:Research universities 5486:Singapore in Malaysia 4644:Not the Retiring Type 4160:Wulhuter, C. (2014). 3752:Adelaar, K. Alexander 3475:Ministry of Education 3353: 3297: 3182: 3175:International Schools 2851:12 March 2016 at the 2598:26 March 2018 at the 2085:Politeknik Ungku Omar 1970:University of Tsukuba 1892:which partnered with 1836: 1561: 1546: 1441:medium of instruction 1380: 896:(STPM, equivalent to 589:. These schools were 549: 501:2018 general election 493:Ministry of Education 449: 435: 334: 319: 307: 180:Ministry of Education 176:Education in Malaysia 42:Minister of Education 36:Ministry of Education 30:Education in Malaysia 7600:University alliances 6983:GlobalNxt University 6765:Islamic universities 6693:Focused universities 6638:University of Malaya 6429:United Arab Emirates 5862:World Bank Relations 5600:World Heritage Sites 5578:environmental issues 5461:Federation of Malaya 4369:. 28 November 2023. 3756:Himmelmann, Nikolaus 3356:National Archives UK 3354:This image from the 3026:sekolah agama rakyat 3012:Sekolah Rendah Agama 2798:Politeknik Sandakan 2435:Politeknik Merlimau 2044:, Advanced Diploma, 2027:Doctor of Philosophy 1645:University of Malaya 1406:Penilaian Tahap Satu 1150:Pre-school playgroup 682:Pre-school playgroup 614:from these school's 7554:Coast Guard academy 7234:University colleges 7078:Taylor's University 6883:Politeknik Sandakan 6840:Politeknik Merlimau 6456:limited recognition 5630:Peninsular Malaysia 5216:on 5 December 2011. 4998:9 July 2006 at the 4496:The Star (Malaysia) 3968:Braine, G. (2010). 3931:Joseph, C. (2014). 3732:Puthucheary, p. 10. 3541:Speaking of culture 3274:racial polarisation 2744:Politeknik Mersing 2717:Politeknik Banting 2585:Bandar Muadzam Shah 1798:Japanese Government 1756:public universities 1539:Secondary education 1529:racial polarisation 1357:Preschool education 431:secondary education 411:Richard O. Winstedt 392:Malacca High School 376:Straits Settlements 336:Malacca High School 282:university colleges 219:secondary education 178:is overseen by the 31: 7497:Military academies 7162:Foreign university 7058:Raffles University 7053:Perdana University 6877:Politeknik Mersing 6874:Politeknik Banting 6811:Politeknik Kuching 6726:(Entrepreneurship) 5950:Malaysian diaspora 5842:Telecommunications 5471:Malaysia Agreement 5427:Portuguese Malacca 4752:on 2 February 2017 3432:community colleges 3423:In 2004 the UNDP ( 3404:using the language 3360: 3189: 3133:A "rooted" Chinese 3062:Kelas Aliran Agama 2945:METrO Polytechnic 2922:METrO Polytechnic 2895:METrO Polytechnic 2868:METrO Polytechnic 2834:METrO Polytechnic 2358:Politeknik Melaka 1906:Tunghai University 1839: 1819:Tertiary education 1699:Penang Free School 1571: 1556: 1474:simplified Chinese 1452:Sekolah Kebangsaan 1383: 1311:Tertiary education 1103:Tertiary education 862:Tertiary education 827:Sixth form college 587:single-sex schools 567:Lasallian Brothers 555: 409:British historian 388:Penang Free School 340: 329: 314: 262:Standardised tests 227:tertiary education 204:Education Act 1996 196:Federal Government 29: 7666: 7665: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7589: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7514:KD Sultan Idris I 7504:Air Force Academy 7477: 7476: 7473: 7472: 7415:President College 7400:Kolej Yayasan UEM 7229: 7228: 7073:Sunway University 6958:Asia e University 6912: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6831:Politeknik Melaka 6561: 6560: 6498:other territories 6189:Education in Asia 6156: 6155: 6109: 6108: 5935:Income inequality 5930:Human trafficking 5870: 5869: 5769: 5768: 5751:Political parties 5696:Foreign relations 5658: 5657: 5466:Malayan Emergency 5347:study in Malaysia 5293:McGill University 5095:978-1-139-85121-3 5038:New Straits Times 5025:New Straits Times 5012:New Straits Times 4908:on 26 April 2014. 4849:"SABK & SMKA" 4834:978-983-3782-20-8 4809:978-981-230-339-4 4776:StudyMalaysia.com 4713:New Straits Times 4631:New Straits Times 4608:on 25 August 2010 4187:Page, E. (2009). 4092:Wong, S. (2015). 3598:. 11 October 2019 3595:New Straits Times 3094:Malaysian Chinese 3052:spiritual leader 2989: 2988: 2687:Politeknik Nilai 2153:Bandar Darul Aman 2061:Official name in 2042:bachelor's degree 2023:Master of Science 1999:Jamaluddin Jarjis 1373:Primary education 1320: 1319: 1112: 1111: 871: 870: 505:Muhyiddin cabinet 270:Republic of Korea 215:primary education 173: 172: 70:Primary languages 16:(Redirected from 7686: 7642: 7641: 7608: 7607: 7595: 7594: 7533:Police academies 7494: 7493: 7483: 7482: 7445:Taylor's College 7385:Mantissa College 7043:Nilai University 6948:AIMST University 6936: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6918: 6917: 6871:Politeknik Nilai 6861:Politeknik Mukah 6628: 6627: 6617: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6565: 6564: 6551: 6541: 6540: 6510:Christmas Island 6196:Sovereign states 6183: 6176: 6169: 6160: 6159: 6136: 6129: 6122: 5881: 5880: 5817: 5780: 5779: 5669: 5668: 5531: 5530: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5367: 5366: 5317: 5296: 5290: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5212:. 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Kamalanathan 463: 372: 345: 302: 246:private schools 234:national school 116:Literacy (2009) 65:General details 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7692: 7682: 7681: 7664: 7663: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7611: 7604: 7603: 7591: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7536: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7490: 7489: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7465:VTAR Institute 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7440:TAR EC College 7437: 7435:Sunway College 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7380:Mantin College 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7330:DISTED College 7327: 7322: 7319: 7317:Aseana College 7314: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7167: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6933: 6925: 6924: 6914: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6858: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6841: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6696: 6694: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6632: 6624: 6623: 6613: 6612: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6591: 6590: 6583: 6576: 6568: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6545: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6460: 6458: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6163: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6138: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5837:Stock exchange 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5811: 5809:Federal budget 5806: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5756:Prime Minister 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5681:Shadow Cabinet 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5625:National parks 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5568:climate change 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5444: 5442:British Borneo 5439: 5437:British Malaya 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5393: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5349: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5323: 5322:External links 5320: 5319: 5318: 5297: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5259:Oriental Daily 5245: 5233:www.moe.gov.my 5219: 5201: 5175: 5149: 5127: 5101: 5094: 5074: 5056: 5042: 5029: 5016: 5003: 4985: 4974: 4943: 4933: 4911: 4889: 4884:"董总 – Welcome" 4875: 4858: 4840: 4833: 4815: 4808: 4788: 4763: 4737: 4718: 4703: 4678: 4652: 4646:(page three). 4635: 4633:, 9 July 2009. 4619: 4592: 4566: 4555:on 11 May 2011 4540: 4509: 4481: 4467:Sin Chew Daily 4449: 4417: 4384: 4354: 4323: 4297: 4271: 4244: 4229:. 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831: 830: 822: 821: 818: 812: 811: 808: 802: 801: 798: 792: 791: 788: 782: 781: 778: 772: 771: 765: 764: 761: 755: 754: 751: 745: 744: 741: 735: 734: 731: 725: 724: 721: 715: 714: 711: 705: 704: 702:Primary school 698: 697: 694: 688: 687: 684: 678: 677: 671: 670: 667: 657: 654: 652: 649: 563:Roman Catholic 543: 540: 520:Chong Sin Woon 462: 459: 371: 368: 349:Sekolah pondok 344: 341: 301: 298: 238:free education 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 95: 94: 89: 84: 79: 71: 67: 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 49: 48: 46:Fadhlina Sidek 43: 39: 38: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7691: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7635: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7480: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7232: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6919: 6915: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6600: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6577: 6575: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6544: 6536: 6535: 6532: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6479:South Ossetia 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6451: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6184: 6179: 6177: 6172: 6170: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6102: 6101: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5913:Ethnic groups 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5822:States by GDP 5820: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5605:Hill stations 5603: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5583:deforestation 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5558:East Malaysia 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5456:Malayan Union 5454: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5432:Dutch Malacca 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5282: 5281: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5137: 5131: 5115: 5111: 5105: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5052: 5046: 5039: 5033: 5026: 5020: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4978: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4885: 4879: 4871: 4868: 4862: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4836: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4792: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4726:Matriculation 4722: 4715: 4714: 4707: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4485: 4469: 4468: 4459: 4453: 4437: 4436: 4427: 4421: 4405: 4404: 4395: 4388: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4327: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4268: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4202: 4200:9781849290074 4196: 4192: 4191: 4183: 4175: 4173:9781920382377 4169: 4165: 4164: 4156: 4149: 4145: 4143:9789004314306 4139: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4119: 4107: 4105:9781503506961 4101: 4097: 4096: 4088: 4072: 4066: 4059: 4048: 4046:9780905118512 4042: 4038: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4010: 4009: 4001: 3994: 3983: 3981:9781135152017 3977: 3974:. Routledge. 3973: 3972: 3964: 3957: 3946: 3944:9781317638117 3940: 3936: 3935: 3927: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3890: 3888:9789559112013 3884: 3880: 3879: 3871: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3812: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3779: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3713: 3712:0-19-580387-6 3709: 3705: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3585: 3581: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3459:Maszlee Malik 3455: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3436: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3390:In 2002, the 3388: 3384: 3382: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3364:Barnes Report 3357: 3352: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3310:included the 3301: 3296: 3294: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3261: 3258: 3248: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3216: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3186: 3181: 3172: 3163: 3161: 3151: 3143: 3142:Lim Lian Geok 3139: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3081: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3003: 2999: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2658: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261:Kota Kinabalu 2246: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1981:SAE Institute 1979: 1978: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1766: 1764: 1763:matriculation 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729:matriculation 1726: 1720: 1710: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1626: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1606:Menengah Atas 1603: 1599: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1436: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1379: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1126:IB Curriculum 1123: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1084:Gāo zhōng sān 1080: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1051: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1022: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 999: 997:Chū zhōng sān 993: 985: 981: 978: 977: 973: 970: 964: 956: 952: 949: 948: 944: 941: 935: 927: 923: 920: 919: 916: 912: 908: 905: 904: 901: 899: 895: 890: 886: 882: 866: 863: 860: 859: 856: 852: 848: 846: 843: 842: 838: 836: 833: 832: 828: 823: 819: 817: 814: 813: 809: 807: 804: 803: 799: 797: 794: 793: 789: 787: 784: 783: 779: 777: 774: 773: 770: 766: 762: 760: 757: 756: 752: 750: 747: 746: 742: 740: 737: 736: 732: 730: 727: 726: 722: 720: 717: 716: 712: 710: 707: 706: 703: 699: 695: 693: 690: 689: 685: 683: 680: 679: 676: 672: 668: 665: 664: 661: 651:School grades 648: 646: 642: 637: 632: 629: 623: 619: 617: 613: 608: 607:Education Act 604: 599: 596: 593:and some had 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 552: 548: 539: 537: 536:Federal Court 533: 529: 526:member Datuk 525: 521: 517: 513: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 489: 487: 483: 479: 474: 472: 468: 467:Barnes Report 458: 453: 448: 445: 439: 434: 432: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 367: 365: 364: 359: 355: 350: 337: 333: 326: 322: 318: 311: 306: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 250:homeschooling 248:, or through 247: 243: 239: 235: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 207: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 77: 74: 73: 72: 68: 63: 59: 55: 50: 47: 44: 40: 37: 33: 27: 19: 7659: 7570:Fire academy 7509:Army Academy 7425:SEGi College 7355:Jati College 6941:universities 6932:Universities 6791:Polytechnics 6720:(Management) 6494:Dependencies 6424:Turkmenistan 6389:Saudi Arabia 6338: 6134:Bibliography 6100:Rukun Negara 6098: 6008:Architecture 5960:Prostitution 5907: 5903:Demographics 5797:Central bank 5711:Human rights 5686:Constitution 5573:conservation 5511:1MDB scandal 5305: 5301: 5263:. Retrieved 5258: 5248: 5236:. Retrieved 5232: 5222: 5214:the original 5204: 5192:. Retrieved 5187: 5178: 5166:. Retrieved 5162:malaysiakini 5161: 5152: 5140:. Retrieved 5130: 5118:. Retrieved 5114:the original 5104: 5084: 5077: 5068: 5059: 5045: 5037: 5032: 5024: 5019: 5011: 5006: 4988: 4977: 4965:. Retrieved 4956: 4946: 4936: 4928:the original 4923: 4914: 4906:the original 4901: 4892: 4878: 4869: 4861: 4852: 4843: 4824: 4818: 4798: 4791: 4781:15 September 4779:. Retrieved 4775: 4766: 4754:. Retrieved 4750:the original 4740: 4721: 4711: 4706: 4694:. Retrieved 4690: 4681: 4669:. Retrieved 4655: 4647: 4638: 4622: 4612:18 September 4610:. Retrieved 4606:the original 4595: 4583:. Retrieved 4579: 4569: 4557:. Retrieved 4553:the original 4543: 4531:. Retrieved 4522: 4512: 4500:. Retrieved 4494: 4484: 4472:. Retrieved 4465: 4452: 4440:. Retrieved 4433: 4420: 4408:. Retrieved 4401: 4387: 4375:. Retrieved 4366: 4357: 4345:. Retrieved 4336: 4326: 4314:. Retrieved 4309: 4300: 4288:. Retrieved 4283: 4274: 4265: 4258:. Retrieved 4256:. Malay Mail 4247: 4238: 4231:. Retrieved 4220: 4211: 4204:. Retrieved 4189: 4182: 4162: 4155: 4147: 4132: 4125: 4116: 4109:. Retrieved 4094: 4087: 4075:. Retrieved 4065: 4057: 4050:. Retrieved 4035: 4029: 4020: 4013:. Retrieved 4007: 4000: 3992: 3985:. Retrieved 3970: 3963: 3955: 3948:. Retrieved 3933: 3926: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3899: 3892:. Retrieved 3877: 3870: 3858:. Retrieved 3854: 3844: 3832:. Retrieved 3821: 3811: 3799:. Retrieved 3788: 3778: 3759: 3746: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3703: 3698: 3676:(3): 488–9. 3673: 3669: 3663: 3651:. Retrieved 3647: 3637: 3625:. Retrieved 3621: 3612: 3600:. Retrieved 3593: 3584: 3564: 3555: 3544: 3533: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3429: 3422: 3413: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3368:Razak Report 3361: 3340: 3336: 3324: 3308: 3298: 3293:Khoo Kay Kim 3290: 3271: 3267: 3254: 3245: 3232: 3225: 3212: 3190: 3169: 3160:Razak Report 3157: 3154:"Final goal" 3140: 3136: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3109:in writing. 3097: 3077: 3058: 3030: 3025: 3015: 3011: 3009: 3001: 2953:Pulau Pinang 2842:Kuala Lumpur 2784:Kuala Berang 2730:Kuala Langat 2650:Pulau Pinang 2348:Pulau Pinang 2317:Pasir Gudang 2054: 2038:Polytechnics 2036: 2033:Polytechnics 2020: 2009: 1992: 1975: 1914: 1910: 1886: 1874: 1867: 1864: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1814: 1802: 1779: 1775: 1767: 1760: 1722: 1703: 1687: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1641: 1629: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1532: 1526: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1483:, SJK (T)), 1480: 1472:-medium and 1465: 1458: 1451: 1438: 1412: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1367: 1363:kindergarten 1360: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1160:Kindergarten 1137:Typical age 1118: 1082: 1055:Gāo zhōng èr 1053: 1026:Gāo zhōng yī 1024: 995: 968:Chū zhōng èr 966: 939:Chū zhōng yī 937: 909:Typical age 877: 845:Upper Form 6 835:Lower Form 6 692:Kindergarten 669:Typical age 659: 633: 624: 620: 600: 559:missionaries 556: 509: 490: 475: 471:Razak Report 464: 455: 450: 441: 436: 427: 408: 373: 361: 346: 266:Asia-Pacific 231:multilingual 208: 190:). Although 175: 174: 26: 7395:MSU College 6702:(Education) 6553:Asia portal 6454:States with 6374:Philippines 6314:South Korea 6309:North Korea 6204:Afghanistan 5787:Agriculture 5645:Earthquakes 5563:Environment 5422:Prehistoric 5308:(1): 5–18. 4870:data.gov.my 4580:Pandai Blog 4435:China Press 4260:19 November 4233:18 November 4206:18 November 4111:16 November 4077:16 November 4052:16 November 4015:16 November 3987:16 November 3950:16 November 3894:18 November 3860:23 December 3834:31 December 3801:31 December 3653:22 December 3402:presumably 3400:globalising 3233:baju kurung 2949:Butterworth 2899:Johor Bahru 2838:Setiawangsa 2646:Balik Pulau 2070:Foundation 1989:, Singapore 1983:, Australia 1976:Others are 1878:Najib Razak 1870:meritocracy 1771:Bumiputeras 1657:Girl Guides 1468:, SJK(C)), 1134:Level/Grade 906:Level/Grade 666:Level/Grade 213:education, 108:Established 100:System type 6714:(Military) 6434:Uzbekistan 6409:Tajikistan 6324:Kyrgyzstan 6304:Kazakhstan 6224:Bangladesh 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