Fever - Knowledge

1821:, whose body temperature varies as the environmental temperature varies, the body temperature which constitutes a febrile state differs depending on the environmental temperature. Fever can also be behaviorally induced by invertebrates that do not have immune-system based fever. For instance, some species of grasshopper will thermoregulate to achieve body temperatures that are 2–5 °C higher than normal in order to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens such as 616: 1712: 1111: 60: 1220:(PGE2). PGE2 in turn acts on the hypothalamus, which creates a systemic response in the body, causing heat-generating effects to match a new higher temperature set point. There are four receptors in which PGE2 can bind (EP1-4), with a previous study showing the EP3 subtype is what mediates the fever response. Hence, the hypothalamus can be seen as working like a 1573:

According to the NIH, the two assumptions which are generally used to argue in favor of treating fevers have not been experimentally validated. These are that (1) a fever is noxious, and (2) suppression of a fever will reduce its noxious effect. Most of the other studies supporting the association of

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and dramatically overestimate the likelihood of permanent damage from typical fevers. The underlying problem, according to professor of pediatrics Barton D. Schmitt, is that "as parents we tend to suspect that our children's brains may melt." As a result of these misconceptions parents are anxious,

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When the hypothalamic set point moves back to baseline—either spontaneously or via medication—normal functions such as sweating, and the reverse of the foregoing processes (e.g., vasodilation, end of shivering, and nonshivering heat production) are used to cool the body to the new, lower setting.

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A fever response to an infectious disease is generally regarded as protective, whereas fever in non-infections may be maladaptive. Studies have not been consistent on whether treating fever generally worsens or improves mortality risk. Benefits or harms may depend on the type of infection, health

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Using both paracetamol and ibuprofen at the same time or alternating between the two is more effective at decreasing fever than using only paracetamol or ibuprofen. It is not clear if it increases child comfort. Response or nonresponse to medications does not predict whether or not a child has a

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Normal body temperatures vary depending on many factors, including age, sex, time of day, ambient temperature, activity level, and more. Normal daily temperature variation has been described as 0.5 °C (0.9 °F). A raised temperature is not always a fever. For example, the temperature

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Clinically, it is important to distinguish between fever and hyperthermia as hyperthermia may quickly lead to death and does not respond to antipyretic medications. The distinction may however be difficult to make in an emergency setting, and is often established by identifying possible causes.

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of oral temperatures in healthy individuals is 35.7–37.7 °C (96.3–99.9 °F) among men and 33.2–38.1 °C (91.8–100.6 °F) among women, while when taken rectally it is 36.7–37.5 °C (98.1–99.5 °F) among men and 36.8–37.1 °C (98.2–98.8 °F) among women, and for

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Fever is often viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than might be deserved, a phenomenon known as fever phobia, which is based in both caregiver's and parents' misconceptions about fever in children. Among them, many parents incorrectly believe that fever is a

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Fever does not necessarily need to be treated, and most people with a fever recover without specific medical attention. Although it is unpleasant, fever rarely rises to a dangerous level even if untreated. Damage to the brain generally does not occur until temperatures reach 42.0 °C

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output system, which evokes non-shivering thermogenesis to produce body heat and skin vasoconstriction to decrease heat loss from the body surface. It is presumed that the innervation from the POA to the PVN mediates the neuroendocrine effects of fever through the pathway involving

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does not affect outcomes. Small trials have shown no benefit of treating fevers of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) or higher of critically ill patients in ICUs, and one trial was terminated early because patients receiving aggressive fever treatment were dying more often.

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fever with poorer outcomes have been observational in nature. In theory, these critically ill patients and those faced with additional physiologic stress may benefit from fever reduction, but the evidence on both sides of the argument appears to be mostly equivocal.

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Hyperthermia: Characterized on the left. Normal body temperature (thermoregulatory set point) is shown in green, while the hyperthermic temperature is shown in red. As can be seen, hyperthermia can be conceptualized as an increase above the thermoregulatory set

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with strict temperature requirements can be hindered, and the rates of some important immunological reactions are increased by temperature. Fever has been described in teaching texts as assisting the healing process in various ways, including:

1778:, that even low fevers are harmful, and that any temperature even briefly or slightly above the oversimplified "normal" number marked on a thermometer is a clinically significant fever. They are also afraid of harmless side effects like 1335:

But pyrogens include non-endotoxic substances (derived from microorganisms other than gram-negative-bacteria or from chemical substances) as well. The types of pyrogens include internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) to the body.

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Exogenous pyrogens are external to the body and are of microbial origin. In general, these pyrogens, including bacterial cell wall products, may act on Toll-like receptors in the hypothalamus and elevate the thermoregulatory setpoint.

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Hypothermia: Characterized in the center: Normal body temperature is shown in green, while the hypothermic temperature is shown in blue. As can be seen, hypothermia can be conceptualized as a decrease below the thermoregulatory set

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word for fever), was once used to refer to a low-grade fever lasting only a few days. This term fell out of use in the early 20th century, and the symptoms it referred to are now thought to have been caused mainly by various minor

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Fever: Characterized on the right: Normal body temperature is shown in green. It reads "New Normal" because the thermoregulatory set point has risen. This has caused what was the normal body temperature (in blue) to be considered

1624:(paracetamol) in children. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen may be safely used together in children with fevers. The efficacy of acetaminophen by itself in children with fevers has been questioned. Ibuprofen is also superior to 580:

rises in healthy people when they exercise, but this is not considered a fever, as the set point is normal. On the other hand, a "normal" temperature may be a fever, if it is unusually high for that person; for example,

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has been found. Central temperatures, such as rectal temperatures, are more accurate than peripheral temperatures. Fever is generally agreed to be present if the elevated temperature is caused by a raised set point and:

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Infections presenting with fever were a major source of mortality in humans for about 200,000 years. Until the late nineteenth century, approximately half of all humans died from infections before the age of fifteen.

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Autret E, Reboul-Marty J, Henry-Launois B, Laborde C, Courcier S, Goehrs JM, Languillat G, Launois R (1997). "Evaluation of ibuprofen versus aspirin and paracetamol on efficacy and comfort in children with fever".

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Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this

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830:, a bacterial infection can spread rapidly; this fever is, therefore, usually considered to require urgent medical attention. This kind of fever is more commonly seen in people receiving immune-suppressing 1286:, in which the normal setting remains, and the body overheats through undesirable retention of excess heat or over-production of heat. Hyperthermia is usually the result of an excessively hot environment ( 4977:

Drewry, Anne M.; Ablordeppey, Enyo A.; Murray, Ellen T.; Stoll, Carolyn R. T.; Izadi, Sonya R.; Dalton, Catherine M.; Hardi, Angela C.; Fowler, Susan A.; Fuller, Brian M.; Colditz, Graham A. (2017).

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does not appear to improve or worsen outcomes. Fever is often viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than is usually deserved, a phenomenon known as "fever phobia."

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Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Franco-Paredes C (13 March 2020).

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Niven DJ, Gaudet JE, Laupland KB, Mrklas KJ, Roberts DJ, Stelfox HT (November 2015). "Accuracy of peripheral thermometers for estimating temperature: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

350:(acetaminophen) may help with this as well as lower temperature. Children younger than three months require medical attention, as might people with serious medical problems such as a 850:

greater than or equal to 40 or 41 °C (104 or 106 °F); the range of hyperpyrexia includes cases considered severe (≥ 40 °C) and extreme (≥ 42 °C). It differs from

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Srinivasan L, Harris MC, Kilpatrick LE (1 January 2017). "128 - Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate". In Polin RA, Abman SH, Rowitch DH, Benitz WE (eds.).

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give the child fever-reducing medicine when the temperature is technically normal or only slightly elevated, and interfere with the child's sleep to give the child more medicine.

1655:. It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children, and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick. About 5% of people who go to an emergency room have a fever. 1247:

If these measures are insufficient to make the blood temperature in the brain match the new set point in the hypothalamus, the brain orchestrates heat effector mechanisms via the

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PGE2 is the ultimate mediator of the febrile response. The setpoint temperature of the body will remain elevated until PGE2 is no longer present. PGE2 acts on neurons in the

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Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia

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Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia

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Sund-Levander M, Forsberg C, Wahren LK (June 2002). "Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review".

3085: 1671:(tertian or every 2 days and quartan or every 3 days). It also became clear around this time that fever was a symptom of disease rather than a disease in and of itself. 5519: 342:

Treatment to reduce fever is generally not required. Treatment of associated pain and inflammation, however, may be useful and help a person rest. Medications such as

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elderly people have a decreased ability to generate body heat, so a "normal" temperature of 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) may represent a clinically significant fever.

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Note: The difference between fever and hyperthermia is the underlying mechanism. Different sources have different cut-offs for fever, hyperthermia and hyperpyrexia.

233:. There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F) in humans. 4291:

Heymann, D. L.; Weisfeld, J. S.; Webb, P. A.; Johnson, K. M.; Cairns, T.; Berquist, H. (1 September 1980). "Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Tandala, Zaire, 1977-1978".

365:. It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick. While fever evolved as a defense mechanism, 815:, with patients argued to present high temperature for one week, followed by low for the next week, and so on, where the generality of this pattern is debated. 4185:

Raoult, Didier; Levy, Pierre-Yves; Dupont, Hervé Tissot; Chicheportiche, Colette; Tamalet, Catherine; Gastaut, Jean-Albert; Salducci, Jacques (January 1993).

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Schaffner A (March 2006). "Fieber – nützliches oder schädliches, zu behandelndes Symptom?" [Fever–useful or noxious symptom that should be treated?].

1598:). In general, people are advised to keep adequately hydrated. Whether increased fluid intake improves symptoms or shortens respiratory illnesses such as the 3177:"The diagnostic accuracy of digital, infrared and mercury-in-glass thermometers in measuring body temperature: a systematic review and network meta-analysis" 2068: 7385: 4885:

Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). "Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review".

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Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). "Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review".

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Chin, W.; Contacos, P. G.; Coatney, G. R.; Kimball, H. R. (20 August 1965). "A Naturally Acquired Quotidian-Type Malaria in Man Transferable to Monkeys".

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Pecoraro, Valentina; Petri, Davide; Costantino, Giorgio; Squizzato, Alessandro; Moja, Lorenzo; Virgili, Gianni; Lucenteforte, Ersilia (25 November 2020).

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Hutchison JS, Ward RE, Lacroix J, Hébert PC, Barnes MA, Bohn DJ, et al. (June 2008). "Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children".

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Oakley, Miranda S.; Gerald, Noel; McCutchan, Thomas F.; Aravind, L.; Kumar, Sanjai (October 2011). "Clinical and molecular aspects of malaria fever".

248:. This results in greater heat production and efforts to conserve heat. When the set point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes 6730:

Nassisi D, Oishi ML (January 2012). "Evidence-based guidelines for evaluation and antimicrobial therapy for common emergency department infections".

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for body temperature is set above normal, then heat is generated to achieve it. In contrast, hyperthermia involves body temperature rising above its

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Typhoid fever may show a specific fever pattern, with a slow stepwise increase and a high plateau (drops due to fever-reducing drugs are excluded).

1367:, leading to a fever. Whilst they can be a product of external factors like exogenous pyrogens, they can also be induced by internal factors like 6437:"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical safety and tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in paediatric pain and fever" 5699: 3507:

Dall, Lawrence; Stanford, James F. (1990). "Fever, Chills, and Night Sweats". In Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.).

335:, in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough 3409: 2552:

Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Laupland KB (June 2013). "Antipyretic therapy in febrile critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Schmidt-Nielsen K, Schmidt-Nielsen B, Jarnum SA, Houpt TR (January 1957). "Body temperature of the camel and its relation to water economy".

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Temperature in the mouth (oral) is at or over 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) in the morning or over 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) in the afternoon

7014: 1485:, e.g., interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). A further downstream event is activation of the 1224:. When the set point is raised, the body increases its temperature through both active generation of heat and retention of heat. Peripheral 6896: 6858: 3115: 4233: 3672: 3575: 1290:) or an adverse reaction to drugs. Fever can be differentiated from hyperthermia by the circumstances surrounding it and its response to 826:, also called febrile neutropenia, is a fever in the absence of normal immune system function. Because of the lack of infection-fighting 2641:

Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J (June 2001). "Fever Phobia Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years?".

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With respect to the effect of antipyretics on the risk of death in those with infection, studies have found mixed results, as of 2019.

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Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR (September 2010). "Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review".

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or air conditioning may somewhat reduce the temperature and increase comfort. If the temperature reaches the extremely high level of

1320:., the immune response of the body is to inhibit their growth and eliminate them. The most common pyrogens are endotoxins, which are 7378: 7000: 2757:

Kelley KW, Bluthé RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (February 2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior".

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Of these, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 are able to raise the temperature setpoint of an organism and cause fever. These proteins produce a

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King D (August 2013). "Question 2: does a failure to respond to antipyretics predict serious illness in children with a fever?".

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Ushikubi F, et al. (September 1998). "Impaired febrile response in mice lacking the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3".

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Dinarello CA, Porat R (2018). "Chapter 15: Fever". In Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo, J (eds.).

5055:"Fever Is Associated with Reduced, Hypothermia with Increased Mortality in Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials" 3093: 260:, with this being more common in young children. Fevers do not typically go higher than 41 to 42 °C (106 to 108 °F). 77: 1632:

is not recommended in children and young adults (those under the age of 16 or 19 depending on the country) due to the risk of

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Colunga-Salas, Pablo; Sánchez-Montes, Sokani; Volkow, Patricia; Ruíz-Remigio, Adriana; Becker, Ingeborg (17 September 2020).

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Body temperature is maintained within the range 36.5-37.5 °C. It is lowest in the early morning and highest in the afternoon.

2852: 1565:(107.6 °F), and it is rare for an untreated fever to exceed 40.6 °C (105.1 °F). Treating fever in people with 6220: 6114:

Drewry AM, Ablordeppey EA, Murray ET, Stoll CR, Izadi SR, Dalton CM, Hardi AC, Fowler SA, Fuller BM, Colditz GA (May 2017).

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Su F, Nguyen ND, Wang Z, Cai Y, Rogiers P, Vincent JL (June 2005). "Fever control in septic shock: beneficial or harmful?".

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Puéchal X, Terrier B, Mouthon L, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Guillevin L, Le Jeunne C (March 2014). "Relapsing polychondritis".

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Wilson ME, Boggild AK (1 January 2011). "130 - Fever and Systemic Symptoms". In Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF (eds.).

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Kojima K (1 January 2012). "17 - Biological evaluation and regulation of medical devices in Japan". In Boutrand JP (ed.).

859: 855: 7371: 5715:"The role of TNF-alpha in fever: opposing actions of human and murine TNF-alpha and interactions with IL-beta in the rat" 4232:

French, Neil; Nakiyingi, Jessica; Lugada, Eric; Watera, Christine; Whitworth, James A. G.; Gilks, Charles F. (May 2001).

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A pyrogen is a substance that induces fever. In the presence of an infectious agent, such as bacteria, viruses, viroids,

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is an elevation of body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough

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measurement it is 35.5–37.5 °C (95.9–99.5 °F) among men and 35.7–37.5 °C (96.3–99.5 °F) among women.

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Among the types of intermittent fever are ones specific to cases of malaria caused by different pathogens. These are:

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Various patterns of measured patient temperatures have been observed, some of which may be indicative of a particular

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Rhoades R, Pflanzer RG (1996). "Chapter 27: Regulation of Body Temperature (Clinical Focus: Pathogenesis of Fever)".

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Roth J, Blatteis CM (October 2014). "Mechanisms of fever production and lysis: Lessons from experimental LPS fever".

5643: 4859: 4825: 4565: 3666: 3518: 2990: 2138: 1805:. The body temperature of animals, which is taken rectally, is different from one species to another. For example, a 3060: 984: 7102:

Tefera M (July 2004). "Observations on the clinical examination of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the field".

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which induces the hypothalamic production of PGE2 which then stimulates the release of neurotransmitters such as

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Ludwig J, McWhinnie H (May 2019). "Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature review".

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Ludwig J, McWhinnie H (May 2019). "Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature review".

3359:"The optimal oral body temperature cutoff and other factors predictive of sepsis diagnosis in elderly patients" 1446: 1008: 883: 516: 6803:"Lethal Infectious Diseases as Inborn Errors of Immunity: Toward a Synthesis of the Germ and Genetic Theories" 1016: 568: 537: 563:

Temperature under the arm (axillary) is usually about 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) below core body temperature.

946: 6345:"Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for treating children's pain or fever: a meta-analysis" 7630: 6386:"Paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children: the PITCH randomised controlled trial" 5212:

Tabarean, Iustin; Morrison, Brad; Marcondes, Maria Cecilia; Bartfai, Tamas; Conti, Bruno (January 2010).

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Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grünberg W, eds. (1 January 2017). "4 - General Systemic States".

1544: 1524: 1202: 992: 866:, as they may indicate a serious underlying condition or lead to severe morbidity (including permanent 17: 4234:"Increasing rates of malarial fever with deteriorating immune status in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults" 2703: 1411: 7435: 2128: 1513: 509: 351: 324: 226: 147: 5630:

Stitt, John (2008). "Chapter 59: Regulation of Body Temperature". In Boron WF, Boulpaep, EL (eds.).

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Tertiana and Quartana are the goddesses of tertian and quartan fevers of malaria in Roman mythology.

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Hay AD, Redmond NM, Costelloe C, Montgomery AA, Fletcher M, Hollinghurst S, Peters TJ (May 2009).

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In addition, there is disagreement regarding whether a specific fever pattern is associated with

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Wong T, Stang AS, Ganshorn H, Hartling L, Maconochie IK, Thomsen AM, Johnson DW (October 2013).

4657:. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Welfare Administration, Children's Bureau. 7604: 5425: 5384: 3654: 1582:

Limited evidence supports sponging or bathing feverish children with tepid water. The use of a

1466: 1325: 699: 673: 651: 457: 405:, and the inability to concentrate. Sleeping with a fever can often cause intense or confusing 222: 218: 164: 31: 7331: 7301: 6908: 6436: 6116:"Antipyretic Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 3567: 2491: 2401:"Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis" 2398: 1976: 1481:. The LBP-LPS binding to CD14 results in cellular synthesis and release of various endogenous 818:

Persistent fever that cannot be explained after repeated routine clinical inquiries is called

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Massignan C, Cardoso M, Porporatti AL, Aydinoz S, Canto G, Mezzomo LA, Bolan M (March 2016).

2036: 1695: 1543:(PVN) of the hypothalamus. Fever signals sent to the DMH and rRPa lead to stimulation of the 1339:

The "pyrogenicity" of given pyrogens varies: in extreme cases, bacterial pyrogens can act as

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Alsalamah, M; Alrehaili, B; Almoamary, A; Al-Juad, A; Badri, M; El-Metwally, A (July 2022).

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Axelrod YK, Diringer MN (May 2008). "Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders".

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suggest that they recover more rapidly from infections or critical illness due to fever. In

5121: 5066: 4933: 4447: 3773: 2912: 1372: 1298: 1241: 1237: 1012: 980: 320: 280: 4436:"Lyme disease and relapsing fever in Mexico: An overview of human and wildlife infections" 1093:, one metastudy describes 92.8% of adults versus 43.9% of children presenting with fever. 159:

Temperature higher than the normal range of 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F)

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Drugs most commonly associated with the adverse event Pyrexia (Fever) as reported the FDA

7250: 7115: 6992: 6819: 3815: 3426: 2797: 1829: 1817:). In species that allow the body to have a wide range of "normal" temperatures, such as 1027: 1000: 926: 799: 751: 694:, where the temperature remains above normal throughout the day and fluctuates more than 643: 276: 5125: 5070: 4937: 4545: 4451: 3777: 2609: 217:

in humans is a symptom of organism's anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with

7394: 7326: 7127: 6947:"Fever Phobia Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years?" 6872: 6853: 6829: 6802: 6712: 6669: 6621: 6596: 6557: 6508: 6483: 6464: 6317: 6260: 6235: 6189: 6164: 6140: 6115: 6091: 6064: 5966: 5872: 5839: 5739: 5730: 5714: 5693: 5604: 5579: 5560: 5546: 5497: 5447: 5305: 5270: 5246: 5213: 5189: 5164: 5145: 5089: 5054: 5003: 4978: 4959: 4946: 4921: 4692: 4571: 4557: 4526: 4478: 4435: 4368: 4335: 4269: 3904: 3797: 3741: 3714: 3385: 3358: 3308: 3275: 3209: 3176: 3042: 2825: 2778: 2739: 2618: 2593: 2473: 2425: 2400: 2346: 2241: 1823: 1757: 1633: 1462: 1321: 1163: 1067: 914: 891: 665: 390: 264: 88: 7255: 7161: 7148:

Thomas MB, Blanford S (July 2003). "Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions".

6236:"Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections" 6032: 6015: 4351: 2766: 599:. Hyperthermia is thus not considered fever. Hyperthermia should not be confused with 7272: 7188: 7119: 7057: 7053: 6966: 6912: 6877: 6834: 6783: 6739: 6716: 6704: 6661: 6657: 6626: 6549: 6513: 6456: 6417: 6366: 6322: 6304: 6265: 6194: 6145: 6096: 6045: 6037: 5970: 5958: 5923: 5913: 5876: 5843: 5810: 5779: 5744: 5681: 5671: 5639: 5609: 5564: 5550: 5482: 5451: 5437: 5418: 5396: 5392: 5377: 5357: 5349: 5310: 5292: 5251: 5233: 5194: 5137: 5094: 5035: 5008: 4951: 4902: 4855: 4821: 4787: 4756: 4658: 4610: 4600: 4575: 4561: 4530: 4518: 4483: 4465: 4416: 4408: 4373: 4355: 4316: 4308: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4158: 4154: 4091: 4063: 4022: 4012: 3989: 3942: 3896: 3850: 3789: 3746: 3662: 3547: 3524: 3514: 3480: 3439: 3431: 3390: 3313: 3295: 3249: 3245: 3214: 3196: 3157: 3034: 2986: 2958: 2918: 2893: 2858: 2848: 2817: 2770: 2731: 2723: 2658: 2623: 2569: 2533: 2465: 2430: 2374: 2350: 2309: 2267: 2245: 2233: 2229: 2189: 2134: 2076: 2042: 1982: 1952: 1888: 1833:. Honeybee colonies are also able to induce a fever in response to a fungal parasite 1802: 1798: 1591: 1536: 1391: 1089:

Adult and pediatric manifestations for the same disease may differ; for instance, in

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Dayal R, Agarwal D (January 2016). "Fever in Children and Fever of Unknown Origin".

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5595: 2010: 7343: 7266: 6700: 6597:"Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children" 6212: 6131: 5954: 5807:

Inflammatory Signaling Across the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Generation of Fever

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In addition, fever can result from a reaction to an incompatible blood product.

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Nowack, Julia; Giroud, Sylvain; Arnold, Walter; Ruf, Thomas (9 November 2017).

4898: 4304: 4042:"Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review" 3875:"Granulomatous Hepatitis and Persistent Fever of Unknown Origin: A Case Report" 3475: 3458: 3192: 2565: 2529: 2305: 1687: 1594:

by applying numerous ice packs across most of the body or direct submersion in

1583: 1509: 1442: 1305: 1229: 1043: 1031: 988: 414: 6499: 6452: 6180: 6081: 5466: 5345: 5330:"[Hyperthermia and hypothermia. Effects on the cardiovascular system]" 5229: 4717: 4614: 4126:

See section in Chapter 15 therein, the section on "Fever versus hyperthermia".

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Magrath, Melissa; Pearlman, Michelle; Peng, Lan; Lee, William (30 June 2018).

2954: 2719: 2461: 1884: 1679: 1363:). In general, they stimulate chemical responses, often in the presence of an 7619: 7452: 6308: 6041: 5685: 5353: 5296: 5287: 5237: 4469: 4433: 4412: 4404: 4359: 4312: 4257: 4210: 3900: 3860: 3508: 3435: 3299: 3200: 2813: 2727: 1652: 1621: 1520: 1505: 1415: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1360: 1340: 1233: 1082: 950: 895: 887: 862:

due to outside factors. The high temperatures of hyperpyrexia are considered

790: 762: 726: 668:

is present only for a certain period, later cycling back to normal (e.g., in

647: 362: 7240: 6962: 5424:. Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 5329: 4026: 3891: 3874: 2862: 2654: 1228:

both reduces heat loss through the skin and causes the person to feel cold.

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Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics

2889: 1469:. According to one mechanism of pyrogen action, an immune system protein, 638:, where temperature remains above normal and does not fluctuate more than 7515: 7482: 7406: 7393: 7296: 7039: 6778: 6761: 6284: 5909: 3731: 1664: 1612: 1599: 1427: 1287: 1264: 1256: 1186: 1004: 720: 703: 549:(rectum/rectal) is at or over 37.5–38.3 °C (99.5–100.9 °F). An 447: 402: 366: 347: 304: 288: 237: 193: 4851:

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A number of types of fever were known as early as 460 BC to 370 BC when

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is effective in reducing fevers in children. It is more effective than

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Fever is thought to contribute to host defense, as the reproduction of

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Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children

1711: 1590:, aggressive cooling is required (generally produced mechanically via 1516:. These enzymes ultimately mediate the synthesis and release of PGE2. 1216:. The trigger of a fever, called a pyrogen, results in the release of 615: 7348: 7307: 6402: 6385: 6234:

Guppy MP, Mickan SM, Del Mar CB, Thorning S, Rack A (February 2011).

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pathway. This pathway (as it relates to fever), is mediated by the

1482: 1422:

where they are more easily absorbed than in areas protected by the

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Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction contribute to increased

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This article is about the medical condition. For other uses, see

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status of the patient and other factors. Studies using

745:

Quotidian fever, with a 24-hour periodicity, typical of

737:

a step-wise increase in temperature with a high plateau.

179:

Based on underlying cause, not required for fever itself

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is a cyclic fever that is rarely seen in patients with

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or primary motor center for shivering. These may be:

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which, depending upon the source, is classified as a

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Biocompatibility and Performance of Medical Devices

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Bedside Techniques: Methods of Clinical Examination

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(1965). 4646: 4621: 4588: 4537: 4427: 4384: 4327: 4284: 4225: 4178: 4120: 4009:Textbook of febrile neutropenia 4000: 3961: 3866: 3826: 3808: 3757: 3706: 3687: 3623:"Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever)" 3615: 3590: 3560: 3535: 3500: 3491: 3450: 3401: 3350: 3324: 3181:Internal and Emergency Medicine 3108: 3078: 3053: 2972: 2934: 2904: 2789: 2750: 2695: 2669: 2634: 2484: 2441: 2320: 1646: 1492: 1396:macrophage inflammatory protein 1207: 837: 587: 452:<35.0 °C (95.0 °F) 354:or people with other symptoms. 256:. Rarely a fever may trigger a 7081:The British Veterinary Journal 7017:. equusite.com. Archived from 6613:10.1002/14651858.CD009572.pub2 6252:10.1002/14651858.CD004419.pub3 5578:Dinarello CA (31 March 2015). 5328:Deussen, A. (September 2007). 4552:, Elsevier, pp. 249–287, 4293:Journal of Infectious Diseases 3694:Muhammad I, Nasir, SA (2009). 1809:is said to have a fever above 1731:) is the goddess of fever in 1605: 1447:cyclic adenosine monophosphate 1378:Major endogenous pyrogens are 884:neuroleptic malignant syndrome 603:(which is a very high fever). 263:A fever can be caused by many 13: 1: 7162:10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00069-7 6285:"Physical treatment of fever" 6033:10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70295-6 5832:Fetal and Neonatal Physiology 5596:10.1080/23328940.2015.1017086 4812:Craven RF, Hirnle CJ (2003). 4352:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60667-8 3719:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 3061:"Fever - Symptoms and causes" 2767:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6 2759:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2708:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 1840: 1764: 1559: 1426:. The cytokines then bind to 1346: 1017:lymphoproliferative disorders 6854:"Defunct and Dying Diseases" 6766:Clinical Infectious Diseases 6701:10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.610 6390:Health Technology Assessment 6217:National Institute of Health 6132:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002285 5955:10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.610 5080:10.1371/journal.pone.0170152 4995:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002285 4515:10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.001 4461:10.1371/journal.pone.0238496 4087:Neurobiology of Hyperthermia 3925:Klastersky, Jean A. (2014), 3863:'s lecture, "Making Sense" . 3786:10.1126/science.149.3686.865 2982:Neurobiology of Hyperthermia 2911:Pryor JA, Prasad AS (2008). 2450:Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2186:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117 1706: 1497:PGE2 release comes from the 1452: 1177:Advantages and disadvantages 947:rocky mountain spotted fever 910:of many medical conditions: 420: 267:ranging from non-serious to 7: 6903:, Oxford University Press, 6732:Emergency Medicine Practice 6396:(27): iii–iv, ix–x, 1–163. 5479:10.1007/978-3-319-92336-9_3 5434:10.1533/9780857096456.4.404 4550:Cell and Tissue Destruction 4187:"Q fever and HIV infection" 3939:10.1007/978-1-907673-70-2_2 3847:10.1056/NEJM199507063330118 3363:Annals of Thoracic Medicine 3154:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5f335 3019:Annals of Internal Medicine 2761:. 17 Suppl 1 (1): S112–18. 2598:Journal of Thoracic Disease 2417:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623 2005:CDC Staff (31 March 2020). 1803:disease in domestic animals 1311: 1105: 993:inflammatory bowel diseases 10: 7647: 6689:British Journal of Nursing 6575:"2.9 Antiplatelet drugs". 6362:10.1001/archpedi.158.6.521 5520:"Pyrogens, Still a Danger" 5169:Nature Reviews. Immunology 4922:"Role of fever in disease" 4899:10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004 4683:, Qeios, 7 February 2020, 4336:"Ebola haemorrhagic fever" 3476:10.1016/j.jiph.2011.05.002 3193:10.1007/s11739-020-02556-0 2566:10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.09.009 2530:10.1024/0040-5930.63.3.185 2306:10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004 1790: 1658: 1525:prostaglandin E receptor 3 1203:Thermoregulation in humans 1200: 442:(rectal, esophageal, etc.) 428:Temperature classification 29: 7578: 7534: 7495: 7466: 7414: 7405: 7287: 7217: 6500:10.1002/14651858.CD003676 6453:10.1185/03007990903116255 6181:10.1002/14651858.CD004264 6082:10.1186/s13054-016-1376-4 5346:10.1007/s00101-007-1219-4 5230:10.1016/j.arr.2009.07.004 4059:10.1017/s1481803500012598 3986:10.1016/j.hoc.2017.08.004 2955:10.1017/s1481803500012598 2720:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.012 2462:10.1007/s12098-015-1724-4 1885:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005 1514:prostaglandin E2 synthase 1102:is not a cause of fever. 733:showing a characteristic 352:compromised immune system 325:connective tissue disease 200: 183: 175: 163: 153: 135: 123: 87: 71: 66: 57: 49: 44: 5898:Comprehensive Physiology 5805:Eskilsson, Anna (2020). 5288:10.3389/fphys.2017.00889 4887:Australian Critical Care 4544:Arnhold, Jürgen (2020), 4405:10.1016/j.pt.2011.06.004 4305:10.1093/infdis/142.3.372 3996:– via ClinicalKey. 3457:Ogoina D (August 2011). 3410:"Fever and Hyperthermia" 3336:www.medicalnewstoday.com 2814:10.1177/0957154X07076467 2681:www.medicalnewstoday.com 2554:Journal of Critical Care 2342:10.47363/jmhc/2021(3)146 2294:Australian Critical Care 1975:Huether, Sue E. (2014). 1535:pallidus nucleus in the 1529:dorsomedial hypothalamus 1487:arachidonic acid pathway 1436:arachidonic acid pathway 1420:circumventricular organs 1351:Endogenous pyrogens are 1249:autonomic nervous system 977:relapsing polychondritis 719:Undulant fever, seen in 610: 297:urinary tract infections 240:and causes a feeling of 6963:10.1542/peds.107.6.1241 6738:(1): 1–28, quiz 28–29. 5668:Janeway's immunobiology 5467:"Pathogenesis of Fever" 5275:Frontiers in Physiology 5218:Ageing Research Reviews 4084:Sharma HS, ed. (2007). 3892:10.33425/2639-9334.1009 3090:www.hopkinsmedicine.org 2979:Sharma HS, ed. (2007). 2655:10.1542/peds.107.6.1241 1541:paraventricular nucleus 1412:Tumor necrosis factor-α 1392:tumor necrosis factor-β 1359:(which are part of the 872:intracranial hemorrhage 820:fever of unknown origin 686:African trypanosomiasis 7075:Leese A (March 1917). 7015:"Equusite Vital Signs" 6120:Critical Care Medicine 4983:Critical Care Medicine 4752:10.1542/peds.2015-3501 4393:Trends in Parasitology 3598:"Brucella/Brucellosis" 2518:Therapeutische Umschau 2174:Critical Care Medicine 1948:10.1542/peds.2010-3852 1716: 1696:respiratory infections 1467:gram-negative bacteria 1326:Gram-negative bacteria 1141:increased mobility of 1122: 902:Differential diagnosis 700:infective endocarditis 698:in 24 hours (e.g., in 652:infective endocarditis 624: 413:(which can also cause 165:Differential diagnosis 32:Fever (disambiguation) 6546:10.1007/s002280050215 6301:10.1136/adc.83.4.369c 4175:Marx (2006), p. 2506. 3376:10.4103/atm.atm_52_22 3142:The Journal of Trauma 2890:10.1056/NEJMoa0706930 2802:History of Psychiatry 1714: 1578:Conservative measures 1428:endothelial receptors 1113: 848:core body temperature 642:in 24 hours (e.g. in 618: 7397:that are general or 7342:9 March 2012 at the 6016:"Treatment of Fever" 5910:10.1002/cphy.c130033 4716:Dean, Laura (2005). 4677:"Metabolic Disorder" 4599:. Elsevier Science. 3732:10.1128/CMR.00079-12 1373:rheumatoid arthritis 1299:brown adipose tissue 1282:This contrasts with 1238:brown adipose tissue 1013:rheumatoid arthritis 981:autoimmune hepatitis 735:step-ladder pattern, 381:, which consists of 358:requires treatment. 321:deep vein thrombosis 281:parasitic infections 5539:Veterinary Medicine 5126:1998Natur.395..281U 5071:2017PLoSO..1270152R 4938:1998NYASA.856..224K 4452:2020PLoSO..1538496C 3970:"Neutropenic Fever" 3931:Febrile Neutropenia 3778:1965Sci...149..865C 2808:(72 Pt 4): 459–69. 2180:(7 Suppl): S273-8. 1830:Metarhizium acridum 1702:Society and culture 1531:(DMH), the rostral 1463:lipopolysaccharides 1424:blood–brain barrier 1371:such as cases like 1322:lipopolysaccharides 1148:enhanced leukocyte 1068:Metabolic disorders 1001:lupus erythematosus 864:medical emergencies 752:Plasmodium knowlesi 644:bacterial pneumonia 545:Temperature in the 538:normal temperatures 373:Associated symptoms 252:, and may begin to 238:muscle contractions 7631:Symptoms and signs 7395:Signs and symptoms 7359:The New York Times 7288:External resources 6997:The New York Times 6779:10.1093/cid/cis596 4503:Joint, Bone, Spine 4143:Emergency Medicine 3822:. 9 November 2021. 3292:10.4161/temp.29060 3276:"Body temperature" 3096:on 3 November 2019 2498:. 30 August 2014. 2035:Kluger MJ (2015). 1879:(2): 585–603, xi. 1873:Neurologic Clinics 1824:Beauveria bassiana 1758:Buddhist mythology 1717: 1616:. The antipyretic 1523:(POA) through the 1324:(LPS) produced by 1123: 951:secondary syphilis 915:Infectious disease 906:Fever is a common 892:serotonin syndrome 809:Hodgkin's lymphoma 714:Hodgkin's lymphoma 666:Intermittent fever 625: 331:. It differs from 265:medical conditions 78:Infectious disease 7613: 7612: 7605:Flu-like symptoms 7491: 7490: 7431:of unknown origin 7322: 7321: 7087:: 81 – via 6918:978-0-19-938113-5 5882:978-0-7020-3935-5 5849:978-0-323-35214-7 5816:978-91-7929-936-1 5785:978-1-4614-6434-1 5677:978-0-8153-4505-3 5556:978-0-7020-5246-0 5488:978-3-319-92336-9 5443:978-0-85709-070-6 5402:978-0-12-374023-6 5120:(6699): 281–284. 4606:978-0-12-816388-7 4346:(9768): 849–862. 4018:978-1-84184-033-8 4011:. Martin Dunitz. 3948:978-1-907673-69-6 3653:Ferri FF (2009). 3574:. 28 April 2020. 3553:978-969-494-920-8 3338:. 12 January 2020 2854:978-0-323-02845-5 2604:(12): E633–E636. 2069:"Fever in adults" 1640:serious illness. 1537:medulla oblongata 1028:cerebral bleeding 880:Kawasaki syndrome 824:neutropenic fever 813:Pel–Ebstein fever 710:Pel–Ebstein fever 629:medical diagnosis 534: 533: 496: 495: 379:sickness behavior 208: 207: 155:Diagnostic method 67:Person with fever 39:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 7638: 7471: 7419: 7412: 7411: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7365: 7364: 7215: 7214: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7186: 7183:Human Physiology 7166: 7165: 7145: 7136: 7135: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7037: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7021:on 26 March 2010 7011: 7005: 7004: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6957:(6): 1241–1246. 6942: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6875: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6832: 6822: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6781: 6757: 6748: 6747: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6624: 6607:(10): CD009572. 6592: 6583: 6582: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6511: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6415: 6405: 6403:10.3310/hta13270 6381: 6375: 6374: 6364: 6340: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6263: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6192: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6143: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6094: 6084: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6035: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5742: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5697: 5689: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5637: 5627: 5618: 5617: 5607: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5500: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5423: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5382: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5334:Der Anaesthesist 5325: 5319: 5318: 5308: 5290: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5249: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5192: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5092: 5082: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5006: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4949: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4819: 4809: 4796: 4795: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4754: 4745:(3): e20153501. 4730: 4724: 4723: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4481: 4463: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4371: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4138: 4127: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4061: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3922: 3913: 3912: 3894: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3744: 3734: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3700:Multan, Pakistan 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3650: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3629:. 27 August 2020 3619: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3478: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3429: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3388: 3378: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3311: 3271: 3258: 3257: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3212: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3092:. Archived from 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3031:10.7326/M15-1150 3014: 3008: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2649:(6): 1241–1246. 2638: 2632: 2631: 2621: 2589: 2578: 2577: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2513: 2504: 2503: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2428: 2396: 2385: 2384: 2366: 2355: 2354: 2344: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2289: 2278: 2277: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2213: 2198: 2197: 2169: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2124: 2087: 2086: 2064: 2053: 2052: 2032: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2013:on 24 March 2015 2009:. Archived from 2002: 1993: 1992: 1972: 1961: 1960: 1950: 1926: 1897: 1896: 1868: 1835:Ascosphaera apis 1816: 1812: 1793:Thermoregulation 1780:febrile seizures 1554:endocrine organs 1539:(rRPa), and the 1510:cyclooxygenase-2 1506:phospholipase A2 1499:arachidonic acid 1432:microglial cells 1272:vasoconstriction 1226:vasoconstriction 1218:prostaglandin E2 997:Kawasaki disease 975:diseases, e.g., 844:body temperature 731:continuous fever 697: 641: 636:Continuous fever 526: 519: 512: 434: 433: 425: 424: 391:loss of appetite 367:treating a fever 271:. This includes 269:life-threatening 219:body temperature 62: 42: 41: 21: 7646: 7645: 7641: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7574: 7530: 7487: 7467: 7462: 7415: 7401: 7392: 7344:Wayback Machine 7323: 7318: 7317: 7283: 7282: 7226: 7212: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7175: 7173:Further reading 7170: 7169: 7146: 7139: 7100: 7096: 7073: 7069: 7038: 7034: 7024: 7022: 7013: 7012: 7008: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6943: 6932: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6893: 6889: 6850: 6846: 6799: 6795: 6758: 6751: 6728: 6724: 6695:(10): 610–618. 6685: 6681: 6642: 6638: 6593: 6586: 6574: 6573: 6569: 6529: 6525: 6494:(2): CD003676. 6480: 6476: 6433: 6429: 6382: 6378: 6341: 6334: 6295:(4): 369c–369. 6281: 6277: 6246:(2): CD004419. 6232: 6228: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6175:(2): CD004264. 6161: 6157: 6112: 6108: 6061: 6057: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5949:(10): 610–618. 5939: 5935: 5920: 5904:(4): 1563–604. 5894: 5890: 5883: 5861: 5857: 5850: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5803: 5799: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5760: 5756: 5711: 5707: 5691: 5690: 5678: 5664: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5628: 5621: 5576: 5572: 5557: 5535: 5531: 5516: 5512: 5503: 5501: 5489: 5463: 5459: 5444: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5373: 5369: 5326: 5322: 5267: 5263: 5210: 5206: 5181:10.1038/nri3843 5161: 5157: 5110: 5106: 5065:(1): e0170152. 5051: 5047: 5024: 5020: 4975: 4971: 4918: 4914: 4883: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4810: 4799: 4776: 4772: 4731: 4727: 4714: 4710: 4701: 4699: 4689:10.32388/7344b1 4675: 4674: 4670: 4651: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4607: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4578: 4568: 4542: 4538: 4499: 4495: 4446:(9): e0238496. 4432: 4428: 4399:(10): 442–449. 4389: 4385: 4332: 4328: 4289: 4285: 4230: 4226: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4139: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4107: 4105: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4038: 4034: 4019: 4005: 4001: 3966: 3962: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3923: 3916: 3871: 3867: 3831: 3827: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3762: 3758: 3711: 3707: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3669: 3651: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3540: 3536: 3521: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3455: 3451: 3406: 3402: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3272: 3261: 3230: 3226: 3173: 3169: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3015: 3011: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2977: 2973: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2909: 2905: 2884:(23): 2447–56. 2874: 2870: 2855: 2843:Marx J (2006). 2841: 2837: 2794: 2790: 2755: 2751: 2700: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2639: 2635: 2590: 2581: 2550: 2546: 2514: 2507: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2446: 2442: 2397: 2388: 2381: 2367: 2358: 2325: 2321: 2290: 2281: 2274: 2260: 2253: 2214: 2201: 2170: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2125: 2090: 2083: 2065: 2056: 2049: 2033: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2003: 1996: 1989: 1973: 1964: 1927: 1900: 1869: 1848: 1843: 1814: 1810: 1795: 1789: 1767: 1733:Roman mythology 1709: 1704: 1678:An older term, 1661: 1649: 1634:Reye's syndrome 1608: 1580: 1562: 1550:pituitary gland 1495: 1455: 1349: 1314: 1210: 1205: 1199: 1179: 1128: 1126:Immune function 1119: 1116: 1108: 1009:Still's disease 931:gastroenteritis 904: 840: 695: 692:Remittent fever 639: 613: 590: 582:medically frail 567:In adults, the 530: 423: 375: 258:febrile seizure 196:(acetaminophen) 130:Febrile seizure 108: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7644: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7607: 7602: 7593: 7588: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7555: 7550: 7544: 7542: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7502: 7500: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7422: 7420: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7399:constitutional 7391: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7352: 7351:at MedlinePlus 7346: 7334: 7329: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7304: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7269: 7258: 7243: 7227: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7218:Classification 7211: 7210:External links 7208: 7207: 7206: 7193: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7137: 7094: 7067: 7032: 7006: 6983: 6930: 6917: 6887: 6866:(9): 686–706. 6844: 6793: 6749: 6722: 6679: 6636: 6584: 6567: 6523: 6474: 6447:(9): 2207–22. 6427: 6376: 6332: 6275: 6226: 6204: 6155: 6106: 6055: 6026:(1): 211–216. 6006: 5991:. 7 May 2009. 5976: 5933: 5918: 5888: 5881: 5855: 5848: 5822: 5815: 5797: 5784: 5754: 5725:(8): 1919–24. 5705: 5676: 5658: 5644: 5619: 5570: 5555: 5529: 5510: 5487: 5457: 5442: 5408: 5401: 5367: 5340:(9): 907–911. 5320: 5261: 5204: 5155: 5104: 5045: 5018: 4989:(5): 806–813. 4969: 4912: 4874: 4860: 4840: 4826: 4797: 4786:(20): 864–70. 4770: 4725: 4708: 4668: 4645: 4633:www.cancer.org 4620: 4605: 4587: 4566: 4536: 4493: 4426: 4383: 4326: 4299:(3): 372–376. 4283: 4244:(7): 899–906. 4224: 4177: 4168: 4128: 4119: 4097:978-0080549996 4096: 4076: 4032: 4017: 3999: 3980:(6): 981–993. 3960: 3947: 3914: 3865: 3859:, which cites 3825: 3807: 3756: 3725:(2): 165–184. 3705: 3686: 3667: 3640: 3614: 3589: 3559: 3552: 3534: 3519: 3499: 3490: 3449: 3400: 3369:(3): 159–165. 3349: 3323: 3259: 3224: 3167: 3132: 3107: 3077: 3052: 3025:(10): 768–77. 3009: 2991: 2971: 2933: 2924:978-0702039744 2923: 2903: 2868: 2853: 2835: 2788: 2749: 2694: 2668: 2633: 2579: 2544: 2505: 2483: 2440: 2386: 2380:978-0521747769 2379: 2356: 2319: 2279: 2273:978-0521747769 2272: 2251: 2199: 2153: 2139: 2088: 2082:978-0521747769 2081: 2054: 2048:978-1400869831 2047: 2024: 1994: 1988:978-0323293754 1987: 1962: 1898: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1791:Main article: 1788: 1785: 1774:rather than a 1766: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1739: 1736: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1660: 1657: 1648: 1645: 1607: 1604: 1602:is not known. 1579: 1576: 1561: 1558: 1494: 1491: 1477:receptor on a 1454: 1451: 1443:cyclooxygenase 1382:(α and β) and 1355:released from 1348: 1345: 1313: 1310: 1306:blood pressure 1276: 1275: 1268: 1242:metabolic rate 1230:Norepinephrine 1209: 1206: 1198: 1195: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1160: 1153: 1146: 1127: 1124: 1107: 1104: 1087: 1086: 1079: 1065: 1051: 1044:rhabdomyolysis 1032:crush syndrome 1024: 989:Horton disease 970: 903: 900: 854:in that one's 839: 836: 805: 804: 788: 760: 739: 738: 724: 717: 707: 689: 663: 612: 609: 589: 586: 565: 564: 561: 558: 553:(tympanic) or 532: 531: 529: 528: 521: 514: 506: 503: 502: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 484: 483: 480: 474: 473: 470: 464: 463: 460: 454: 453: 450: 444: 443: 437: 430: 429: 422: 419: 415:hallucinations 374: 371: 221:exceeding the 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 187: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 167: 161: 160: 157: 151: 150: 137: 133: 132: 127: 121: 120: 91: 85: 84: 75: 69: 68: 64: 63: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7643: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7579:Miscellaneous 7577: 7571: 7568: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7494: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7465: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7453:Hyperhidrosis 7451: 7449: 7446: 7442: 7441:postoperative 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7389: 7384: 7382: 7377: 7375: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7293: 7290: 7286: 7279: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7268: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7228: 7225: 7220: 7216: 7196: 7194:9780030051593 7190: 7185: 7184: 7177: 7176: 7163: 7159: 7156:(7): 344–50. 7155: 7151: 7144: 7142: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7110:(5): 435–49. 7109: 7105: 7098: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7048:(1): 103–12. 7047: 7043: 7036: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6987: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6920: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6883: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6860: 6855: 6848: 6840: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6772:(7): 976–80. 6771: 6767: 6763: 6756: 6754: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6652:(8): 644–46. 6651: 6647: 6640: 6632: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6591: 6589: 6580: 6579: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6540:(5): 367–71. 6539: 6535: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6414: 6413:10044/1/57595 6409: 6404: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6380: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6355:(6): 521–26. 6354: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6337: 6328: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6279: 6271: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6126:(5): 806–13. 6125: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6102: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6069:Critical Care 6066: 6059: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6010: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5937: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5919:9780470650714 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5884: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5851: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5812: 5808: 5801: 5787: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5709: 5701: 5695: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5669: 5662: 5647: 5645:9781416031154 5641: 5636: 5635: 5626: 5624: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5422: 5421: 5412: 5404: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5380: 5371: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5175:(6): 335–49. 5174: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5134:10.1038/26233 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5034:(6): 516–20. 5033: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4932:(1): 224–33. 4931: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4879: 4863: 4861:9780323031059 4857: 4853: 4852: 4844: 4829: 4827:9780781758185 4823: 4818: 4817: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4782:(in German). 4781: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4729: 4721: 4720: 4712: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4567:9780128163887 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4509:(2): 118–24. 4508: 4504: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4181: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4149:(1): 116–20. 4148: 4144: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4123: 4116: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4080: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4052:(5): 435–42. 4051: 4047: 4043: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4014: 4010: 4003: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3950: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3921: 3919: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3862: 3861:Richard Asher 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3772:(3686): 865. 3771: 3767: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3674: 3670: 3668:9781416049197 3664: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3555: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3520:0-409-90077-X 3516: 3512: 3511: 3503: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3469:(3): 108–24. 3468: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3240:(2): 122–28. 3239: 3235: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3148:(2): 406–09. 3147: 3143: 3136: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3006: 2994: 2992:9780080549996 2988: 2984: 2983: 2975: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2949:(5): 435–42. 2948: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2926: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2560:(3): 303–10. 2559: 2555: 2548: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2524:(3): 185–88. 2523: 2520:(in German). 2519: 2512: 2510: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2382: 2376: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2300:(3): 130–35. 2299: 2295: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2275: 2269: 2265: 2258: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2224:(9): 818–20. 2223: 2219: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2142: 2140:9781259644030 2136: 2132: 2131: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2084: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2050: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2031: 2029: 2012: 2008: 2001: 1999: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1979: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1941:(3): 580–87. 1940: 1936: 1932: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1846: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1787:Other species 1784: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1656: 1654: 1653:medical signs 1644: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1622:acetaminophen 1619: 1615: 1614: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1521:preoptic area 1517: 1515: 1512:(COX-2), and 1511: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1416:interleukin 1 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1388:interleukin-8 1385: 1384:interleukin 6 1381: 1380:interleukin 1 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361:immune system 1358: 1354: 1344: 1342: 1341:superantigens 1337: 1334: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1294:medications. 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234:thermogenesis 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1169: 1165: 1164:proliferation 1161: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1112: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1084: 1083:Fabry disease 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 973:Immunological 971: 968: 964: 960: 959:mononucleosis 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 913: 912: 911: 909: 899: 897: 896:thyroid storm 893: 889: 888:drug overdose 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 816: 814: 810: 802: 801: 796: 792: 791:Quartan fever 789: 786: 785: 780: 779: 774: 773: 772:P. falciparum 768: 764: 763:Tertian fever 761: 758: 754: 753: 748: 744: 743: 742: 736: 732: 728: 727:Typhoid fever 725: 722: 718: 715: 711: 708: 705: 701: 693: 690: 687: 683: 679: 675: 674:leishmaniasis 671: 667: 664: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648:typhoid fever 645: 637: 634: 633: 632: 630: 622: 617: 608: 604: 602: 598: 594: 585: 583: 577: 575: 570: 562: 559: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543: 542: 539: 527: 522: 520: 515: 513: 508: 507: 505: 504: 500: 499: 491: 489: 486: 485: 481: 479: 476: 475: 471: 469: 466: 465: 461: 459: 456: 455: 451: 449: 446: 445: 441: 438: 436: 435: 432: 431: 427: 426: 418: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 370: 368: 364: 363:medical signs 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 203: 199: 195: 191: 188: 186: 182: 178: 174: 171: 168: 166: 162: 158: 156: 152: 149: 145: 141: 138: 134: 131: 128: 126: 125:Complications 122: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 92: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 74: 70: 65: 61: 56: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 7511:Chronic pain 7468: 7458:Night sweats 7448:Hyperthermia 7436:drug-induced 7425: 7416: 7358: 7306: 7295: 7271: 7260: 7245: 7230: 7198:. Retrieved 7182: 7153: 7149: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7089:Google Books 7084: 7080: 7070: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7023:. Retrieved 7019:the original 7009: 6996: 6986: 6974:. Retrieved 6954: 6950: 6922:, retrieved 6900: 6890: 6863: 6857: 6847: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6769: 6765: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6604: 6600: 6577: 6570: 6537: 6533: 6526: 6491: 6487: 6477: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6393: 6389: 6379: 6352: 6348: 6292: 6288: 6278: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6216: 6207: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6123: 6119: 6109: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6023: 6019: 6009: 5997:. Retrieved 5979: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5864: 5858: 5831: 5825: 5806: 5800: 5789:, retrieved 5767: 5757: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5667: 5661: 5649:. Retrieved 5633: 5587: 5583: 5573: 5538: 5532: 5523: 5513: 5502:, retrieved 5470: 5460: 5419: 5411: 5378: 5370: 5337: 5333: 5323: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5224:(1): 41–50. 5221: 5217: 5207: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5031: 5027: 5021: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4893:(3): 130–5. 4890: 4886: 4865:. Retrieved 4850: 4843: 4831:. Retrieved 4815: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4718: 4711: 4700:, retrieved 4680: 4671: 4654: 4648: 4636:. Retrieved 4632: 4623: 4596: 4590: 4579:, retrieved 4549: 4539: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4197:(1): 81–86. 4194: 4190: 4180: 4171: 4146: 4142: 4122: 4113: 4106:. Retrieved 4086: 4079: 4071: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4008: 4002: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3952:, retrieved 3930: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3841:(1): 66–67. 3838: 3834: 3828: 3819: 3810: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3695: 3689: 3677:. Retrieved 3658: 3631:. Retrieved 3626: 3617: 3605:. Retrieved 3601: 3592: 3580:. Retrieved 3571: 3562: 3543: 3537: 3509: 3502: 3493: 3466: 3462: 3452: 3420:(6): 28–31. 3417: 3413: 3403: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3340:. Retrieved 3335: 3326: 3286:(1): 28–29. 3283: 3279: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3125:10 September 3123:. Retrieved 3119: 3110: 3100:10 September 3098:. Retrieved 3094:the original 3089: 3080: 3068:. Retrieved 3064: 3055: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3003: 2996:. Retrieved 2981: 2974: 2966: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2928: 2913: 2906: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2844: 2838: 2805: 2801: 2791: 2758: 2752: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2685:. Retrieved 2683:. 5 May 2020 2680: 2671: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2601: 2597: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2521: 2517: 2495: 2486: 2456:(1): 38–43. 2453: 2449: 2443: 2408: 2404: 2370: 2332: 2322: 2297: 2293: 2263: 2221: 2217: 2177: 2173: 2144:. Retrieved 2129: 2072: 2037: 2015:. Retrieved 2011:the original 1977: 1938: 1934: 1876: 1872: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1815:38.3 °C 1796: 1776:medical sign 1768: 1745: 1724: 1686:form of the 1677: 1673: 1662: 1650: 1647:Epidemiology 1642: 1638: 1613:antipyretics 1611: 1609: 1588:hyperpyrexia 1581: 1572: 1563: 1552:and various 1518: 1496: 1493:PGE2 release 1460: 1456: 1440: 1408:interferon-γ 1404:interferon-β 1400:interferon-α 1377: 1350: 1338: 1329: 1317: 1315: 1303: 1296: 1292:anti-pyretic 1284:hyperthermia 1281: 1277: 1246: 1214:hypothalamus 1211: 1208:Hypothalamus 1184:warm-blooded 1180: 1159:effects; and 1150:phagocytosis 1129: 1121:hypothermic. 1098: 1095: 1088: 943:Lyme disease 905: 868:brain damage 852:hyperthermia 841: 838:Hyperpyrexia 832:chemotherapy 817: 806: 798: 782: 776: 770: 756: 750: 740: 734: 656:tuberculosis 626: 620: 605: 601:hyperpyrexia 593:Hyperthermia 591: 588:Hyperthermia 578: 569:normal range 566: 536:A range for 535: 488:Hyperpyrexia 478:Hyperthermia 467: 399:hyperalgesia 376: 360: 356:Hyperthermia 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