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603:, its legislature was restructured into four chambers each representing the various sectors of Yugoslav society with an additional chamber representing the general population. The Federal Assembly was the only legislature anywhere with five chambers, and a constitutional amendment added a sixth component described as either a chamber or sub-chamber. Yugoslavia adopted yet
528:, of identical structure to the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates, was established. It continued to legislate for Finland until 1906, being the only ancient legislature to survive to the 20th century while maintaining the traditional estates. In that year, the Diet’s four ancient chambers were disbanded and replaced by the modern unicameral
995:
Ten years later, the
Constitution of 1963 completely changed the whole structure of the Federal Assembly and of all the other organs of State authority. It introduced a heavy and complicated system of five or, in some cases, even six "Councils", for which the term "Chamber" seems more appropriate in
771:
Multicameralism remained commonplace within Europe until approximately 1800, after which most
European governments gradually became bicameral, partly as a consequence of reforms associated with the French Revolution, but also as a consequence of new constitutional theories and subsequent pressures
651:
Proponents of multicameral legislatures hold that multiple legislative chambers offer the opportunity to re-debate and correct errors in either chamber in parallel, and in some cases to introduce legislation in either chamber. Advocates of multicameralism also contend that multiple legislative
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The council of nations, which was a to reflect a pluralistic ethnic structure and to assure equality among federal units and ethnic communities in the federal parliament, was still a 'sub-chamber' of the federal chamber in the five-chamber federal assembly. Its competences were very
443:
Approximately half of the world's sovereign states are unicameral, and newer democracies and more recent constitutions are more often unicameral than not. More specifically many countries have switched to unicameralism whereas the opposite is rare. Nevertheless, many current
652:
chambers are (best) able to represent the various important sectors of society (such as culturally or linguistically distinct, geographically different or similarly interested populations that comprise a country - i.e. the various
815:
The real patterns of the past are those that disappeared because they were abolished more or less recently. Most of them can be jointly defined as 'multicameralism', because they featured a number of chambers greater than
434:
with three chambers, but can also describe a system with any amount more. The word "multicameral" can also relate in other ways to its literal meaning of "many chambered" with use in science or biology.
889:
680:), which may not be able to be adequately represented by a singular legislative body. Supporters of multicameralism also posit that a critical weakness of a unicameral system can be a potential
472:. Typically, this body had three chambers representing the three grand divisions of society; the clergy, nobles, and commoners; however, this was not universally the rule;
583:. Since the 19th century, tricameral legislatures have been a rare constitutional curiosity, with the overwhelming majority of assemblies having one or two chambers.
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survived the longest of these bodies, having four separate legislative houses. Sweden abandoned its four-chamber parliament in 1866, transitioning to a bicameral
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is divided into more than two deliberative assemblies, which are commonly called "chambers" or "houses". This usually includes
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Of the ancient assemblies in Europe, only
Finland’s survived to see the 20th century. As the armies of
747:. Roger D. Congleton, Birgitta Swedenborg, Studieförbundet Näringsliv och samhälle. Cambridge, Mass.:
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of the waning days of
Apartheid South Africa; established in an effort to stabilize the collapsing
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The changing faces of federalism : institutional reconfiguration in Europe from East to West
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Many societies in
Medieval Europe had quasi-legislative assemblies in the form of the
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populations to stabilize white-minority rule. The assembly failed to stem calls for
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developed in the opposite direction, merging the two aristocratic estates into the
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for more than a century before moving to today’s unicameral assembly in 1974 (see
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Democratic constitutional design and public policy : analysis and evidence
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800:"Unicameralism, Bicameralism, Multicameralism: Evolution and Trends in Europe"
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863:"On Law and Politics in the Federal Balance: Lessons from Yugoslavia"
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Perhaps the best-known multicameral assembly in modern times is the
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where the leaders of the parliamentary majority also dominate the
844:"Arhiv Jugoslavije - The Constitution of the SFRY, April 7, 1963"
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692:) and incompatibility with the separation of powers between the
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922:. Sergio Ortino, Mitja Žagar, Vojtech Mastny. Manchester, UK:
975:"Main features of the Yugoslav constitution 1946-1971"
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was seized by Russia from Sweden, the four-chambered
700:branches of government, particularly noticeable in
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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979:International and Comparative Law Quarterly
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
567:conquered much of Europe in the name of
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595:originally had five chambers. After
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278:International parliament
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378:Legislatures by country
287:Parliamentary procedure
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258:Parliamentary leader
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641:bicameral assembly
633:universal suffrage
581:British Parliament
348:Member of Congress
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47:verification
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446:parliaments
428:legislature
368:The Estates
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173:Legislature
1058:Categories
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903:2021-04-07
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718:Federalism
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597:Yugoslavia
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494:, and the
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360:Councillor
332:Parliament
234:Parliament
110:April 2021
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621:Apartheid
520:When the
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751:. 2006.
712:See also
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686:majority
647:Benefits
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492:burghers
484:nobility
474:Medieval
344:Congress
180:Chambers
1022:Portals
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678:Spanish
670:English
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460:History
253:Speaker
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