Herpes simplex research

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consist of individual or small groups of viral antigens, remove all risk of complications resulting from the production of vaccine-associated infectious viral particles but are limited in the degree and scope of immunity that can be produced in vaccinated individuals. Inactivated vaccines, which consist of intact viral particles, dramatically increase the repertoire of viral antigens that engender the immune response but like subunit vaccines are generally constrained to producing humoral immunity. Like inactivated vaccines, replication-defective vaccines expose the immune system to a diverse swath of HSV antigens but can produce both cellular and humoral immunity because they retain the ability to enter cells by HSV-induced membrane fusion. However, replication-defective HSV vaccines are challenging to produce at scale and offer limited immunization due to the lack of vaccine amplification. Live-attenuated vaccines are highly efficacious, potentially eliciting both cell-mediated and humoral immunity against structural and non-structural viral proteins, but their ability to replicate can result in vaccine-related illness particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Whereas subunit vaccines have proven effective against some viruses, immunity produced by subunit HSV vaccines have failed to protect humans from acquiring genital herpes in several clinical trials. In contrast, the success of the live-attenuated

932:, is researching DNA technology for vaccines with prophylactic and therapeutic potential. What's different about this vaccine is the way that response is being created. Instead of introducing a weakened version of the herpes virus or protein subunit, this vaccine uses a small section of DNA to produce T-cells and stimulate the immune response. The new vaccine candidate is designed to prevent new infections, and to treat those who already have the infection. In February 2014, it was announced that Frazer's vaccine against genital herpes passed human safety trials in a trial of 20 Australians. In October 2014, Admedus announced success in creating a positive T-cell response in 95% of participants. Further research is required to determine if the vaccine can prevent transmission. In July 2014, Admedus increased its stake in Frazer's vaccines by 16.2%. In addition, $ 18.4 million was posted as funds raised towards Phase II vaccine testing and research. 818:

is based on their inability to invade the nervous system and establish life-long latent infections, as opposed to a general attenuation. Unlike other live-attenuated designs, these vaccines are cleared from the body once the immune response from vaccination has matured. In principle, by avoiding attenuation of HSV replication in the mucosa while removing the capacity to infect the nervous system, non-invasive vaccines have the potential to break the safety-efficacy dilemma by producing the strongest possible immune response while maintaining a high degree of safety.

1709:. By figuring out how to switch all copies of the virus in the host from latency to their active stage at the same time, rather than the way the virus copies normally stagger their activity stage, leaving some dormant somewhere at all times, it is thought that immune system could kill the entire infected cell population, since they can no longer hide in the nerve cells. This is a potentially risky approach especially for patients with widespread infections as there is the possibility of significant tissue damage from the immune response. One class of drugs called 1321:, announced Phase II clinical trial results in June 2014. Results showed up to a 75% reduction in viral load and a weak reduction in viral shedding by 14%. These results were achieved after a series of vaccinations and a booster dose after six months, signalling the vaccine may take time to become effective. Further testing results are to show if the vaccine is a viable candidate against genital herpes. There has not been any recent announcement by Agenus regarding the vaccine HerpV, which seems to have been taken off from the company's research product pipeline. 73: 1760:, which are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. These miRNAs play a critical role in developing the timing, differentiation and death of cells. The miRNAs effect on apoptosis has affected cancer development by the regulation of cell proliferation, as well as cell transformation. Avoidance of apoptosis is critical for the success of malignant tumors, and one way for miRNAs to possibly influence cancer development is to regulate apoptosis. In order to support this claim, Hela cells were used for the experiment discussed. 861:

and eliciting 10 to 100 times greater protection against genital herpes than a glycoprotein D subunit vaccine, Halford's vaccine was tested outside of the United States, in St. Kitts in 20 human volunteers. All 20 of the participants self-reported an improvement in symptoms, but only 17 received and completed all three dosages. Blot tests showed a clear antibody response, which cannot be instigated by a placebo effect. However, the human trial was conducted without approval from the FDA or from the SIU Institutional Review Board.

1702:, which causes congenital herpes. The results indicated that CRISPR can be used to eliminate replication in all three strains of the virus, but that the technology was so far only successful in actually eradicating Epstein-Barr virus. The authors think this may be because the Epstein-Barr virus genome is located in dividing cells that are easily accessible to CRISPR. Comparatively, the HSV-1 genome targeted by CRISPR is located in closed-off, non-replicating neurons, which makes reaching the genome much more challenging. 964:

with lower antigenic load and sensitization, more than three-fold increase in relapse-free period in 85% of treated patients and improvement of Th1-dependent immunity. The Russian vaccine Vitagerpavak — the only polyvalent vaccine in the world for treatment of the chronic gerpesvirusny infection (CGI) І and ІІ types. It is developed in scientific research institute of virology of D.I. Ivanovsky of the Russian Academy of Medical Science. More than 15 years are applied in the Russian Federation.

1733:. A study conducted using suicide gene transfer by a cytotoxic approach examined a way to eradicate malignant tumors. Gene therapy is based on the cytotoxic genes that directly or indirectly kill tumor cells regardless of its gene expression. In this case the study uses the transfer of the Herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase (HSVtk) as the cytotoxic gene. Hela cells were used in these studies because they have very little ability to communicate through 840:). R2 vaccines retain native replication in epithelial cells but are incapable of retrograde axonal transport and invasion of the nervous system. A single dose of the R2 vaccine passively introduced on mucosal tissues protects the nervous system from future infections and affords protection against lethal encephalitic infections in mice and rats. This vaccine strategy is noted for its effectiveness against both veterinary and clinical neuroinvasive herpesviruses 242: 135: 32: 227: 872: 971:, where glycoprotein D (gD-2) was deleted from the herpes cell, showed positive results when tested in mice. Researchers deleted gD-2 from the herpes virus, which is responsible for herpes microbes entering in and out of cells. The vaccine is still in early stages of development and more research needs to be conducted before receiving FDA approval for clinical trials. 1675:

strains of the herpes simplex virus. The enzyme disables a gene responsible for producing a protein involved in the maturation and release of viral particles in an infected cell. The technique appears to be effective in experiments with mice and rabbits, but further research is required before it can be attempted in people infected with herpes.

1367:, while reporting data showing the vaccine candidate failed to meet the primary endpoint. The San Diego-based company was forced to concede that their herpes strategy had misfired, with their vaccine failing to perform as well as a placebo. However, that seemed to may have changed, since 20 June 2016, when Vical released phase I/II results at 1748:

analogues; in this case the drug ganciclovir, an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent cytomegaloviruses, converts it into the nucleoside analogue triphosphates. Once granciclovir is phosphorylated through HSV-tk it is then incorporating DNA strands when the cancer cells are multiplying. The

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to prevent HSV from replicating. Most recently Jerome and his lab were able to demonstrate cleavage of latent HSV in a living organism, which is vital to disabling the virus. On August 18, 2020, the team led by Jerome and Martine Aubert published a paper in Nature Communications showing that, through

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in the United States. Genocea has announced it would shift their strategic efforts to cancer vaccines while at the same time heavily cutting down on research and development of GEN-003 vaccine against genital herpes. Being unable to secure funding or partnering with another company, Genocea's further

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tested a live-attenuated HSV-2 ICP0∆NLS vaccine in 2016, before his death in June, 2017. Vaccine attenuation is achieved by a mutation in ICP0 (ICP0∆NLS) that increases the vaccine strain's sensitivity to interferon responses and limits its replication. Already proven as safe and effective in rodents

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in actively infected or asymptomatic individuals. The fact that a live-attenuated vaccine induced better protection from HSV infection and symptoms is not new, because live-attenuated vaccines account for most of the successful vaccines in use today. However, governmental and corporate bodies seem to

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responses, protects against challenge with a wild-type HSV-2 virus, reduces the severity of recurrent disease, and provides cross-protection against HSV-1. The ongoing trials would prove if a durable immune response in humans is to be successfully achieved or if the vaccine is too over attenuated to

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A recent development in live-attenuated HSV vaccine design is the production of replicative vaccines that are ablated for nervous system infection. These vaccines infect the respiratory mucosa where their replication and localized spread provoke a robust immune response. The safety of these vaccines

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could trigger reactivation. These are chemically engineered oligonucleotides or short segments of RNA, that can be made to mirror their target genetic material, namely herpes microRNAs. They could be engineered to attach and thus 'silence' the microRNA, thus rendering the virus incapable of keeping

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Vitaherpavac - In patients with monotonously recurrent genital herpes infection and history of failure of standard vaccination, anti-relapse efficacy of Vitaherpavac vaccine was demonstrated after allergometry-based tailored choice of vaccine administration regimen. The used approach was associated

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43 (Cx43) to provide a channel that permits ions and other molecules to move between neighboring cells. Both Hela cells with the HSV-tk and without the HSV-tk were destroyed. This result has led to the evidence needed to state that the bystander effect in the HSV-tk gene therapy is possibly due to

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indicates that an enhanced protection from HSV-2 is a result of mucosal immunity which can be elicited by their intranasal nanoemulsion vaccine. NanoBio published results showing efficiency in studies conducted in both the prophylactic and the therapeutic guinea pig model. This included preventing

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The cytotoxic drug used, ganciclovir, is capable of destroying via apoptosis transduced cells and non-transduced cells from the cellular gap junction. This technique is known as the "bystander effect," which has suggested to scientists that the effect of some therapeutic agents may be enhanced by

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The HSV-2 Phase II trial began in April 2015. Interim results were published on March 4, 2016, and based on the results of a scheduled, blinded, pooled analysis of data from the first 20 patients to receive at least three vaccinations in the randomised, placebo controlled Phase II study with the

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5-29 vaccine is also known under the name ACAM-529 or HSV-529, a replication-defective vaccine that has proved successful in preventing both HSV-2 and HSV-1 infections and in combating the virus in already-infected hosts, in animal models. The HSV-529 is a leading vaccine candidate which has been

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types (HSV-1 and HSV-2), the development of a prophylactic-therapeutic vaccine that proves effective against one type of the virus would likely prove effective for the other virus type, or at least provide most of the necessary fundamentals. As of 2020, several vaccine candidates are in different

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that targets and cleaves the mRNA of essential genes in HSV-1. The hammerhead, which targets the mRNA of the UL20 gene, greatly reduced the level of HSV-1 ocular infection in rabbits, and reduced the viral yield in vivo. The gene-targeting approach uses a specially designed RNA enzyme to inhibit

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was formed to advocate for cure research and better treatment of HSV. The "Herpes Cure Research" has grown to 20k members and has raised funds for Fred Hutch's genome editing treatment and UPenn's mRNA vaccine research as well as forming a Herpes Cure Advocacy group in which the group is raising

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Vaccine-elicited protection against HSV is challenging to achieve due to the ability of herpesviruses to evade many aspects of the mammalian immune response. As a general principle, the effectiveness of a HSV vaccine design is often inversely proportional to its safety. Subunit vaccines, which

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system, have showed promising results in clearing HSV-1 infection by simultaneously targeting multiple essential vital genes in vitro. The researchers are now looking at targeting latent HSV-1 genomes and are investigating in vivo model systems to assess the potential therapeutic application.

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has developed GEN-003, a first-in-class protein subunit T cell-enabled therapeutic vaccine, or immunotherapy, designed to reduce the duration and severity of clinical symptoms associated with moderate-to-severe HSV-2, and to control transmission of the infection. GEN-003 includes the antigens

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Since the introduction of the nucleoside analogs decades ago, treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections has not seen much innovation, except for the development of their respective prodrugs (Aciclovir, Famciclovir, Valacilovir..). Drawbacks such as poor bioavailability or limited

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n-Docosanol is a long-chain, 22-carbon, primary alcohol offered over the counter. It likely inhibits a broad range of enveloped viruses that uncoat at the plasma membrane of target cells. The drug appears to prevent binding and entry of HSVs by interfering directly with the cell surface

2458:"A Phase I/II, Observer-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Multi-country Study to Evaluate Reactogenicity, Safety, Immune Response, and Efficacy of an HSV Vaccine in Healthy Participants Aged 18-40 Years or in Participants Aged 18-60 Years With Recurrent HSV-2 Genital Herpes" 1267:

of Herpevac. In 2010, it was reported that, after 8 years of study in more than 8,000 women in the United States and Canada, there was no sign of positive results against the sexually transmitted disease caused by HSV-2 (and this despite earlier favorable interim reports).

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On 19 October 2016, Admedus released interim results from the ongoing HSV-2 Phase IIa study. The unblinded data demonstrated a 58% reduction in viral shedding compared to baseline and a reduction in outbreaks of 52% post vaccination and 81% overall reduction post-booster.

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Barkhaleva, O. A.; Ladyzhenskaia, I. P.; Vorob'Eva, M. S.; Shalunova, N. V.; Podcherniaeva, R. Ia.; Mikhaĭlova, G. R.; Khorosheva, T. V.; Barinskiĭ, I. F. (2009). "Vitaherpavac is the first Russian herpes simplex virus vaccine obtained on the Vero B continuous cell line".

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with the HSV-tk gene, and were then put in a culture with nontransfected cells, only the HSV-tk transfected Hela cells were killed by the granciclovir, leaving the nonviral cells unharmed. The Hela cells were transfected with the encoding for the gap junction protein

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the mRNA vaccine prevented death and genital disease in 54/54 (100%) mice infected with HSV-1 and 20/20 (100%) with HSV-2, and prevented infection of the dorsal root ganglia in 29/30 (97%) mice infected with HSV-1 and 10/10 (100%) with HSV-2 (update 27 July 2020)

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have been researching how to disrupt HSV from replicating that could eventually lead to a cure. Some members of research team at Temple University have also joined forces to create Excision BioTherapeutics. The company intends to begin clinical trials in 2022.

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is developing a pre-clinical preventative vaccine for HSV 1 and 2 using its virosome technology. There has not been any recent announcement by the company regarding their vaccine, which seems to have been taken off from the company's research product pipeline.

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Stanfield BA, Rider PJ, Caskey J, Del Piero F, Kousoulas KG (May 2018). "Intramuscular vaccination of guinea pigs with the live-attenuated human herpes simplex vaccine VC2 stimulates a transcriptional profile of vaginal Th17 and regulatory Tr1 responses".

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On 1 June 2020, Admedus announced it had changed its name to Anteris Technologies Ltd., and would become a "dedicated structural heart company". No vaccines are listed in the company's most recent research report and the vaccine is likely discontinued.

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Dias Queiroz-Castro, Vanessa Lopes; Santos, Marcus Rebouças; Augusto de Azevedo-Júnior, Marcos; Paulino da Costa, Eduardo; Pereira Alves, Saullo Vinicius; Nascimento Silva, Laura Morais; Dohanik, Virgínia Teles; Silva-Júnior, Abelardo (January 2021).

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may be used to safely control human disease. The challenge of achieving vaccines that are both safe and effective has led to two opposing approaches in HSV vaccine development: increasing the efficacy of subunit vaccines (primarily by improving

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An ideal herpes vaccine should induce immune responses adequate to prevent infection. Short of this ideal, a candidate vaccine might be considered successful if it (a) mitigates primary clinical episodes, (b) prevents colonization of the

4341: 2652:"A single intramuscular vaccination of mice with the HSV-1 VC2 virus with mutations in the glycoprotein K and the membrane protein UL20 confers full protection against lethal intravaginal challenge with virulent HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains" 335:. There are many more virus members that infect animals other than humans, some of which cause disease in companion animals (cats, dogs, horses) or have economic impacts in the agriculture industry (e.g., pigs, cows, sheep, chicken, 1031:

have entered a broad collaboration, which will explore the potential of various combinations of agents against HSV-2, including an adjuvanted trivalent vaccine candidate G103, consisting of recombinantly-expressed viral proteins.

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Due to the current stigma of the Herpes Simplex Virus, the topic of a cure has always been considered a "taboo" whilst some also consider the symptoms to be mild that a cure or a vaccine is not needed. However, in April 2020, a

2714:"Vaccination of rhesus macaques with the live-attenuated HSV-1 vaccine VC2 stimulates the proliferation of mucosal T cells and germinal center responses resulting in sustained production of highly neutralizing antibodies" 1293:, another proposed vaccine, in March 2010. The company had commenced clinical testing in the UK with its vaccine candidate for the prevention and potentially the treatment of genital herpes. The biopharmaceutical company 1416:

a series of incremental improvements on their original method, they had destroyed up to 95% of herpes virus lurking in certain nerve clusters of mice, with 3 years of work expected before clinical trials are considered.

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Birkmann, Alexander; Hewlett, Guy; Rübsamen-Schaeff, Helga; Zimmermann, Holger (October 2011). "Helicase–Primase Inhibitors as the Potential Next Generation of Highly Active Drugs Against Herpes Simplex Viruses".

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infection and viral latency in 92% of animals vaccinated and a reduction in recurrent legions by 64% and viral shedding by 53%. NanoBio hopes to raise funds in 2016 to enter into Phase I clinical testing.

1686:/Cas can be used to limit viral replication in multiple strains of herpesviruses, in some cases even eliminating the infection altogether. The researchers tested three different strains of herpesviruses: 911:

On 28 April 2022, Sanofi announced it had discontinued a trial evaluating four HSV-2 vaccines. The pipeline section of the Sanofi website no longer lists any HSV vaccine candidate in active development.

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phospholipids, which are required by the viruses for entry, and stabilizing them. This activity tends to work well against ACV-resistant HSVs and can even act synergistically with other anti-HSV drugs.

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HSV is found to be susceptible to many essential oils and their constituents, however there is concern with the cutaneous use of essential oils is the degree of skin and mucous membrane irritation.

1737:. The Hela cells involved were grown in a monolayer culture and then infected with the HSV virus. The HSV mRNA was chosen because it is known to share characteristics with normal eukaryotic mRNA. 1024:, is focusing on the development of a therapeutic vaccine against HSV-2. Redbiotec's preclinical vaccine shows over 90% of lesion score (vs. approx. 50% for GEN-003 of Genocea) in early findings. 4345: 783:

Company under criminal investigation by the FDA and being sued by trial participants. Effective for most patients in a small clinical trial (17/20) but with severe side-effects for some (3/20).

825:. VC2 encodes two attenuating mutations that together reduce HSV entry into neurons. The establishment of latency is prevented in animal models such as mice, guinea pig, and rhesus monkeys. 1387:. It is thought that by cleaving the DNA of HSV that infects neurons, thereby causing destruction or mutational inactivation of the HSV DNA, the virus can be greatly treated or even cured. 1010:

vectors in the development of a therapeutic vaccine against herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), the causative agent of genital herpes. It has been awarded a grant by the NIH for this purpose.

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has failed to proceed to a Phase III trial in the year 2006, due to financial reasons. The AuRx therapy was shown to be safe and decrease the occurrence of lesions by 86% after one year.

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investigated in numerous research publications, and is endorsed by many researchers in the field (i.a. Lynda A. Morrison and Jeffrey Cohen). The vaccine induces strong HSV-2-specific

2598:"A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Study of a Replication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 2 Vaccine, HSV529, in Adults With or Without HSV Infection" 2571: 1359:

DNA-based vaccine to inhibit recurring lesions in patients latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The plasmid DNA encoding the HSV-2 antigens was formulated with

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Further medical evidence indicates that "absorbing more arginine may indirectly cause cold sores by disrupting the body's balance of arginine and another amino acid called lysine."

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The chart below is an attempt to list all known proposed HSV and varicella zoster vaccines and their characteristics. Please update with any missing information on vaccines only.

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communication (GJIC) or cell coupling. GJIC is an important function in the maintaining of tissue homeostasis and it is a critical factor in balance of cells dying and surviving.

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may lie more in prevention than treatment." and that "the use of lysine for decreasing the severity or duration of outbreaks" is not supported, while further research is needed.

4153: 5060: 1375:. The recent trial, similarly to a past trial again missed the primary endpoint and therefore the company is discontinuing the vaccine and moving to other pipeline products. 650: 3872:"Comparative Efficacy and Immunogenicity of Replication-Defective, Recombinant Glycoprotein, and DNA Vaccines for Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infections in Mice and Guinea Pigs" 3099: 4066: 988: 985:

intends to use its PBS Vax therapeutic vaccine technology to engineer a vaccine for HSV-2. The vaccine is in early development and much is unknown about its viability.

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showing a 58% decrease in viral shedding and a 69% decrease in genital lesions. They also showed one of the doses stopped outbreaks for at least 6 months. GEN-003 was

5260: 4110: 3050:"An HSV-2 nucleoside-modified mRNA genital herpes vaccine containing glycoproteins gC, gD, and gE protects mice against HSV-1 genital lesions and latent infection" 1172: 995:-based biopharmaceutical company has been awarded a fund for the development of a novel vaccine platform to combat mucosally transmitted pathogens such as HSV-2. 6084: 5653: 982: 749: 5039:"PaxVax Signs R&D Collaboration with UC San Diego to Develop a Vaccine to Prevent Herpes Simplex Virus Infections - PaxVax - Socially Responsible Vaccines" 4088: 323:, vaccines and genome editing. HSV-1 and HSV-2 are commonly thought of as oral and genital herpes respectively, but other members in the herpes family include 4576:"Better Neutralization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Than HSV-2 by Antibody From Recipients of GlaxoSmithKline HSV-2 Glycoprotein D2 Subunit Vaccine" 2492: 1282:

vaccine. The vaccine was in the pre-clinical stage. The vaccine is no longer listed on their website as a present endeavour and has likely been discontinued.

5945:"Double-blind, Vehicle-controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of SADBE in Subjects With Recurrent Herpes Labialis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov" 1324: 975: 1297:

bought BioVex and their proposed ImmunoVEX vaccine appears to have been discontinued, furthermore it has been removed from the company's research pipeline.

4631: 5282: 2950:"Model of vaccine efficacy against HSV-2 superinfection of HSV-1 seropositive mice demonstrates protection by antibodies mediating cellular cytotoxicity" 1003: 925: 768: 6884: 5038: 3964:

Dutton, Julie L.; Li, Bo; Woo, Wai-Ping; Marshak, Joshua O.; Xu, Yan; Huang, Meei-li; Dong, Lichun; Frazer, Ian H.; Koelle, David M. (3 October 2013).

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Altan, Eda; Li, Yanpeng; Sabino-Santos Jr, Gilberto; Sawaswong, Vorthon; Barnum, Samantha; Pusterla, Nicola; Deng, Xutao; Delwart, Eric (2019-10-14).

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Awasthi S, Zumbrun EE, Si H, Wang F, Shaw CE, Cai M, Lubinski JM, Barrett SM, Balliet JW, Flynn JA, Casimiro DR, Bryan JT, Friedman HM (April 2012).

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The VC2 vaccine prevents HSV infection of neuronal axons and establishment of latency in animal models such as mice, guinea pig and rhesus monkeys.

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effectiveness of these drugs require further research effort of new pharmaceutical drugs against the herpes simplex disease. The inhibitors of the

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Koch, C.; Reichling, J.; Schneele, J.; Schnitzler, P. (January 2008). "Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2".

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latent in their host. Professor Cullen believes a drug could be developed to block the microRNA whose job it is to suppress HSV-1 into latency.

7082: 6713: 3899: 788: 3799:"Immunization with a replication-defective herpes simplex virus 2 mutant reduces herpes simplex virus 1 infection and prevents ocular disease" 6971: 5082: 1341: 6194:"A heterotypic bystander effect for tumor cell killing after adeno-associated virus/phage-mediated, vascular-targeted suicide gene transfer" 6160: 5013: 4315: 3538:"A live-attenuated HSV-2 ICP0 virus elicits 10 to 100 times greater protection against genital herpes than a glycoprotein D subunit vaccine" 3276: 7122: 7117: 5305:"Vical's Phase 1/2 Trial Data Presented at ASM 2016 Shows Bivalent Vaccine Imparts Reduction in Genital Herpes Lesions Durable to 9 Months" 4402: 2792: 3714: 3522: 1360: 1290: 1013: 999: 4682: 1814:, would interfere markedly with virus synthesis", but concludes that "no ready explanation is available for any of these observations". 5230: 4786: 1307: 1191: 792: 4951: 4904: 3361: 206: 5718:

Yin, Di; Ling, Sikai; Wang, Dawei; Dai, Yao; Jiang, Hao; Zhou, Xujiao; Paludan, Soren R.; Hong, Jiaxu; Cai, Yujia (11 January 2021).

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van Diemen FR, Kruse EM, Hooykaas MJ, Bruggeling CE, Schürch AC, van Ham PM, Imhof SM, Nijhuis M, Wiertz EJ, Lebbink RJ (June 2016).

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nucleotide from the ganciclovir is what inhibits the DNA polymerization and the replication process. This causes the cell to die via

1130: 3225: 178: 1286: 1271: 1111: 1088: 717: 315:

includes all medical research that attempts to prevent, treat, or cure herpes, as well as fundamental research about the nature of

252: 45: 3306: 3151:"A novel HSV-2 subunit vaccine induces GLA-dependent CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and protective immunity in mice and guinea pigs" 2317: 943:

Study participants had a marked decrease in viral lesions (outbreaks) with a drop of over 90% in the monthly rate versus baseline.

7514: 1604: 1352: 1314: 1233: 7303: 5449:"Bacterial CRISPR/Cas DNA endonucleases: A revolutionary technology that could dramatically impact viral research and treatment" 3738:

Mundle ST, Hernandez H, Hamberger J, Catalan J, Zhou C, Stegalkina S, Tiffany A, Kleanthous H, Delagrave S, Anderson SF (2013).

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had been awarded grant funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases division of the NIH to develop a

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No statistically significant results found No effect regarding HSV-2 was achieved, partial protection against HSV-1 confirmed

7985: 7913: 6851: 6805: 6773: 6740: 6689: 408:

formulations), and increasing the safety of live-attenuated vaccines (including the development of "non-invasive" vaccines).

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No safety issues have been noted in this cohort of patients. The data remains blinded to protect the integrity of the trial.

862: 7519: 4710:"Live attenuated herpes simplex virus 2 glycoprotein E deletion mutant as a vaccine candidate defective in neuronal spread" 4428: 569:

HSV529 vaccine was safe and elicited neutralizing antibody and modest CD4+ T-cell responses in HSV-seronegative vaccinees.

7551: 7308: 7234: 7087: 5425: 3926:"Press Release: Sanofi continues to deliver strong business EPS growth driven by higher sales and improved margins in Q1" 2545:"Safety and Efficacy of 4 Investigational HSV 2 Vaccines in Adults With Recurrent Genital Herpes Caused by HSV 2 (HSV15)" 1275: 968: 837: 623: 192: 6914: 4290:"NanoBio's Genital Herpes Vaccine Demonstrates Efficacy In Guinea Pigs As Both A Prophylactic And A Therapeutic Vaccine" 3943: 848:

based on the R2 design with targeted applications in human health, companion animal health, and livestock productivity.

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Awasthi S, Hook LM, Pardi N, Wang F, Myles A, Cancro MP, Cohen GH, Weissman D, Friedman HM, et al. (20 Sep 2019).

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support the more recent and safer but possibly less effective approaches such as glycoprotein- and DNA-based vaccines.

6058: 4624:"PaxVax Signs R&D Collaboration with UC San Diego to Develop a Vaccine to Prevent Herpes Simplex Virus Infections" 4367: 4216:

Petro C, González PA, Cheshenko N, Jandl T, Khajoueinejad N, Bénard A, Sengupta M, Herold BC, Jacobs WR (March 2015).

7373: 3656:"Herpes simplex virus 2 ICP0 mutant viruses are avirulent and immunogenic: implications for a genital herpes vaccine" 3597:"Pan-HSV-2 IgG antibody in vaccinated mice and guinea pigs correlates with protection against herpes simplex virus 2" 1442: 1368: 299: 281: 116: 94: 59: 4760: 174: 164: 87: 8002: 7940: 6915: 4267: 3123: 2219:

Egan, Kevin; Hook, Lauren M.; LaTourette, Philip; Desmond, Angela; Awasthi, Sita; Friedman, Harvey M. (June 2020).

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In 2021, scientists in China described a CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing approach which could be used to treat HSV-1 in

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Various vaccine candidates have been developed, the first ones in the 1920s, but none has been successful to date.

256: 4403:"Sanofi Pasteur and Immune Design Enter Broad Collaboration for the Development of a Herpes Simplex Virus Therapy" 7561: 7529: 7524: 7358: 5919: 3149:

Odegard JM, Flynn PA, Campbell DJ, Robbins SH, Dong L, Wang K, Ter Meulen J, Cohen JI, Koelle DM (January 2016).

2999:"Nucleoside-modified mRNA Encoding HSV-2 Glycoproteins C, D, E Prevents Clinical and Subclinical Genital Herpes" 262:

Help add sources such as review articles, monographs, or textbooks. Please also establish the relevance for any

7619: 7229: 6025:

Liu, Jia; Tuli, Sonal S.; Bloom, David C.; Schultz, Gregory S.; Ghivizzani, Steve C.; Lewin, Alfred S. (2006).

4046:"Gardasil inventor Professor Ian Frazer's new genital herpes vaccine proves safe in passing first human trials" 2125:

Nandi, S.; Kumar, Manoj; Manohar, M.; Chauhan, R. S. (June 2009). "Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle".

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A single-dose vaccine effective in mice and rats against multiple neuroinvasive herpes viruses including HSV.

7417: 7127: 4368:"Project Information - NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results" 3966:"A Novel DNA Vaccine Technology Conveying Protection against a Lethal Herpes Simplex Viral Challenge in Mice" 1256: 3331: 2650:

Stanfield BA, Stahl J, Chouljenko VN, Subramanian R, Charles AS, Saied AA, Walker JD, Kousoulas KG (2014).

51: 6248:"Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins" 4293: 2822:"The pUL37 tegument protein guides alpha-herpesvirus retrograde axonal transport to promote neuroinvasion" 4653: 4218:"Herpes simplex type 2 virus deleted in glycoprotein D protects against vaginal, skin and neural disease" 4023: 2493:"BioNTech Starts Phase 1 Clinical Trial for Prophylactic Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Vaccine Candidate BNT163" 2170:"Towards a rational design of an asymptomatic clinical herpes vaccine: the old, the new, and the unknown" 1300:

A live, attenuated vaccine (which was proven very effective in clinical trials in Mexico) by the company

829: 432: 6192:

Trepel M, Stoneham CA, Eleftherohorinou H, Mazarakis ND, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Hajitou A (August 2009).

5231:"Genocea Announces Strategic Shift to Immuno-oncology and the Development of Neoantigen Cancer Vaccines" 4930: 4787:"Genocea Announces Strategic Shift to Immuno-oncology and the Development of Neoantigen Cancer Vaccines" 3846: 3400: 3201: 7539: 6981: 6964: 6875: 6829: 6717: 5550: 4931:"Biological Efficacy Study of HerpV Vaccine With QS-21 to Treat Subjects With Recurrent Genital Herpes" 822: 581: 5870:"Effect of ASP2151, a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes" 4154:"Admedus Changes Name to Anteris Technologies Ltd. Provides Corporate and Clinical Development Update" 2078:"Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BHV1) infection in testes and epididymis from bulls from a slaughterhouse" 7589: 1462: 638:

Combats HSV-1 & HSV-2 in mice. Mice who were HSV-1 positive showed strong protection from HSV-2.

199: 153: 5375:, Roychoudhury P, Niyonzima N, Nguyen T, Magaret A, Galleto R, Stone D, Jerome KR (September 2016). 5130:"Agenus Vaccine Shows Significant Reduction in Viral Burden after HerpV Generated Immune Activation" 3903: 3048:

Egan KP, Hook LM, Naughton A, Pardi N, Awasthi S, Cohen GH, Weissman D, Friedman HM (27 July 2020).

2478: 1458: 709:

Prophylactic immunization completely protected against lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection in mice.

509:

Receives US FDA Approval for UB-621 Phase 2 Trial in Recurrent Genital Herpes Patients (2019-06/11).

7544: 7509: 7504: 7499: 3740:"High-purity preparation of HSV-2 vaccine candidate ACAM529 is immunogenic and efficacious in vivo" 1483: 1427: 81: 6599:"Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils" 5844: 2074: 8034: 7990: 7923: 7904: 7700: 7672: 7634: 7609: 7137: 6168: 5017: 4854:"Prospects and perspectives for development of a vaccine against herpes simplex virus infections" 4319: 3284: 2871: 2820:

Richards AL, Sollars PJ, Pitts JD, Stults AM, Heldwein EE, Pickard GE, Smith GA (December 2017).

160: 149: 6554:

Schnitzler, Paul (2019). "Essential Oils for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections".

4406: 3871: 7971: 7900: 6899: 5372: 1695: 1635: 883: 98: 5603:"CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of Herpesviruses Limits Productive and Latent Infections" 5061:"BioVex commences dosing in Phase 1 study of ImmunoVEX live attenuated genital herpes vaccine" 4454:"Understanding natural herpes simplex virus immunity to inform next-generation vaccine design" 3427: 2899:

Petro CD, Weinrick B, Khajoueinejad N, Burn C, Sellers R, Jacobs WR, Herold BC (August 2016).

7966: 7800: 7795: 7251: 7197: 7107: 4686: 2465: 1699: 1145:

58% Reduction in Viral Shedding, 69% Reduction in Outbreaks. Spending on vaccine has ceased.

5238: 4794: 1278:

Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine regarding the development of a genital herpes

7849: 7790: 7581: 7224: 7102: 7053: 7020: 6954: 6259: 5505: 5283:"Vical Reports Top-Line Results From Phase 1/2 Trial of Therapeutic Genital Herpes Vaccine" 4955: 4908: 4538: 4132: 3977: 3751: 3667: 3608: 3549: 2663: 1799: 1408: 443: 405: 351: 5720:"Targeting herpes simplex virus with CRISPR–Cas9 cures herpetic stromal keratitis in mice" 8: 7772: 7738: 7624: 7447: 7390: 7385: 7336: 7167: 7035: 7007: 6959: 4111:"Admedus has high hopes for Herpes vaccine as dosing commences - Proactiveinvestors (AU)" 3445: 3229: 2094: 2077: 1671: 7442: 7187: 6263: 5509: 5492:

Roehm PC, Shekarabi M, Wollebo HS, Bellizzi A, He L, Salkind J, Khalili K (April 2016).

4981:"Vical Reports Phase 2 Trial of HSV-2 Therapeutic Vaccine Did Not Meet Primary Endpoint" 4542: 3981: 3755: 3671: 3612: 3553: 2667: 2383:"Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Against Chronic Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infection (MATCH-2)" 7805: 7639: 7380: 7346: 7331: 7207: 7192: 7177: 7097: 7015: 6869: 6823: 6707: 6623: 6598: 6579: 6379: 6218: 6193: 5998: 5971: 5896: 5869: 5752: 5719: 5629: 5602: 5526: 5493: 5469: 5448: 5401: 5376: 4878: 4853: 4734: 4709: 4600: 4575: 4478: 4453: 4244: 4217: 4000: 3965: 3823: 3798: 3774: 3739: 3690: 3655: 3631: 3596: 3572: 3537: 3310: 3175: 3150: 3076: 3049: 3025: 2998: 2974: 2949: 2925: 2900: 2848: 2821: 2686: 2651: 2624: 2597: 2359: 2332: 2245: 2220: 2196: 2169: 2150: 2107: 2051: 2028: 1993: 1969: 1944: 1687: 992: 400: 332: 6433: 6398: 6331: 6306: 5348: 5331: 5151: 2294: 2269: 1337: 946:

The average number of days HSV-2 was detected in patients was reduced versus baseline.

7928: 7895: 7728: 7569: 7459: 7353: 7214: 7039: 7002: 6892: 6857: 6847: 6846:. Marie Studahl, Paola Cinque, T. Bergström. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. 2006. 6811: 6801: 6779: 6769: 6746: 6736: 6695: 6685: 6663: 6628: 6583: 6571: 6536: 6528: 6438: 6420: 6371: 6336: 6287: 6282: 6247: 6223: 6003: 5901: 5798: 5757: 5739: 5700: 5634: 5531: 5474: 5406: 5353: 4883: 4739: 4605: 4556: 4483: 4249: 4005: 3828: 3779: 3695: 3636: 3577: 3479: 3180: 3081: 3030: 2979: 2930: 2853: 2774: 2735: 2691: 2629: 2364: 2299: 2250: 2201: 2142: 2111: 2099: 2033: 2015: 1974: 1925: 1917: 1486:

of HSV represent a very innovative approach to the treatment of herpesvirus disease.

1434: 1372: 1364: 396: 7874: 6481: 6383: 6354:

Jovanovic M, Hengartner MO (October 2006). "miRNAs and apoptosis: RNAs to die for".

3536:

Halford WP, Püschel R, Gershburg E, Wilber A, Gershburg S, Rakowski B (March 2011).

2154: 928:, a biotechnology company he founded in 2000. The company, now known under the name 7854: 7839: 7695: 7556: 7469: 6655: 6618: 6610: 6563: 6518: 6456: 6428: 6410: 6363: 6326: 6318: 6277: 6267: 6213: 6205: 6038: 5993: 5983: 5891: 5881: 5826: 5788: 5747: 5731: 5690: 5624: 5614: 5521: 5513: 5464: 5456: 5396: 5388: 5343: 4873: 4865: 4729: 4721: 4595: 4587: 4546: 4473: 4465: 4239: 4229: 3995: 3985: 3818: 3810: 3769: 3759: 3685: 3675: 3626: 3616: 3567: 3557: 3170: 3162: 3071: 3061: 3020: 3010: 2969: 2961: 2920: 2912: 2901:"HSV-2 ΔgD elicits FcγR-effector antibodies that protect against clinical isolates" 2843: 2833: 2766: 2725: 2681: 2671: 2619: 2609: 2354: 2344: 2289: 2281: 2240: 2232: 2191: 2181: 2134: 2089: 2023: 2005: 1964: 1956: 1907: 1473:

Johnston, Gottlieb & Wald 2016 published an overview of the state of research.

1454: 845: 320: 7395: 6322: 6209: 5944: 5793: 5776: 3166: 2770: 2730: 2713: 2544: 2457: 2407: 2382: 1345: 8029: 7859: 7657: 7464: 7422: 7313: 7293: 7263: 7246: 7172: 7162: 7092: 7031: 7027: 6976: 6659: 6415: 5777:"Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for herpes simplex virus" 5619: 4869: 4551: 4526: 4429:"Status of Vaccine Research and Development of Vaccines for Herpes Simplex Virus" 3990: 3764: 3680: 3621: 3562: 3066: 2838: 2676: 2432: 1821: 1741: 1706: 1705:

Another possibility to eradicate the HSV-1 variant is being pursued by a team at

1698:(HSV-1) and (HSV-2), which cause cold sores and genital herpes respectively; and 1419: 1400: 1066: 1007: 328: 6043: 6026: 5460: 3814: 1870:(1998th ed.; S. M. Brown & A. R. MacLean, Eds.). New York, NY: Humana Press. 7996: 7723: 7614: 7574: 7454: 7280: 7219: 6252:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

5735: 5695: 5678: 3376:"FDA Launches Criminal Investigation Into Unauthorized Herpes Vaccine Research" 3362:"FDA Launches Criminal Investigation Into Unauthorized Herpes Vaccine Research" 3015: 2572:"The Next HSV-529 Live Attenuated Therapeutic Vaccine Clinical Trial Has Begun" 2236: 1960: 1679: 1384: 1264: 905: 879: 694: 555: 382: 364: 316: 6699: 6111: 5886: 5392: 3797:

van Lint, Allison L.; Torres-Lopez, Ernesto; Knipe, David M. (November 2007).

2965: 2916: 2138: 1894:

Gaskell, Rosalind; Dawson, Susan; Radford, Alan; Thiry, Etienne (March 2007).

8023: 7879: 7864: 7834: 7829: 7684: 7437: 7432: 7341: 6986: 6815: 6783: 6750: 6532: 6424: 5743: 5371:

Aubert M, Madden EA, Loprieno M, DeSilva Feelixge HS, Stensland L, Huang ML,

3468: 2712:

Stanfield BA, Pahar B, Chouljenko VN, Veazey R, Kousoulas KG (January 2017).

2019: 1921: 1912: 1895: 1734: 1691: 1383:

Another area of research for HSV treatment or a potential cure is the use of

1260: 363:, (c) helps reduce the frequency or severity of recurrences, and (d) reduces 7241: 6861: 6523: 6506: 6085:"CRISPR Puts Up a Fight Against Persistent Herpesviruses: A Short Animation" 5868:

Katsumata K, Chono K, Sudo K, Shimizu Y, Kontani T, Suzuki H (August 2011).

5654:"CRISPR Puts Up a Fight Against Persistent Herpesviruses: A Short Animation" 4591: 3252:"Ann Arbor's NanoBio Changes Name to BlueWillow as Focus Shifts to Vaccines" 2614: 2349: 1461:

into the affected anatomical regions for transient editing without inducing

1255:

One vaccine that was under trial was Herpevac, a vaccine against HSV-2. The

1199:

Discontinued in pre-clinical stage, no longer appears in company's pipeline

1096:

Discontinued in pre-clinical stage, no longer appears in company's pipeline

7956: 7599: 7494: 7427: 7368: 7048: 6939: 6919: 6667: 6632: 6575: 6540: 6442: 6375: 6367: 6272: 6227: 6062: 6007: 5905: 5802: 5761: 5704: 5638: 5535: 5478: 5410: 5357: 4887: 4743: 4609: 4560: 4487: 4253: 4009: 3832: 3783: 3699: 3640: 3581: 3483: 3184: 3085: 3034: 2983: 2934: 2857: 2778: 2739: 2695: 2633: 2368: 2303: 2254: 2205: 2146: 2103: 2037: 1978: 1929: 1846: 1623: 1528: 1412: 1396: 1279: 480: 6291: 5108: 2186: 266:

cited. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed.

7743: 7733: 7594: 7400: 7288: 7256: 7182: 7044: 6935: 6927: 6800:. S. Moira Brown, Alasdair R. MacLean. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. 1998. 6340: 5815: 4764: 4725: 4388: 1776: 1547: 1446: 1423: 659: 644: 20: 6684:. Russell J. Diefenbach, Cornel Fraefel (2nd ed.). New York. 2020. 6307:"Quantitation of herpes simplex virus type 1 RNA in infected HeLa cells" 5972:"Current Drugs to Treat Infections with Herpes Simplex Viruses-1 and -2" 4574:

Awasthi, Sita; Belshe, Robert B.; Friedman, Harvey M. (15 August 2014).

4469: 4342:"BioMedical Research Models Inc awarded Grant for Mucosal HSV-2 vaccine" 4234: 3127: 7869: 7844: 7534: 7484: 6305:

Stringer JR, Holland LE, Swanstrom RI, Pivo K, Wagner EK (March 1977).

6191: 5261:"Vical (VICL) Genital Herpes Vaccine Phase 1/2 Missed Primary Endpoint" 3715:"I Met With A Theravax Herpes Vaccine Patient And Here Is What He Said" 3401:"Rational Vaccines: A case study in pharma deregulation - MedCity News" 3100:"Moderna Expands Its mRNA Pipeline with Three New Development Programs" 1745: 1723: 1585: 1566: 1119:

Discontinued in Phase I stage, no longer appears in company's pipeline

1021: 921: 448: 324: 163:

if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and

6567: 5988: 5923: 5830: 5575: 5517: 4067:"Admedus vaccine for herpes has success; moves to next clinical trial" 2010: 1336:, as well as the proprietary adjuvant Matrix-M. GEN-003 had concluded 7918: 7489: 7362: 6931: 6614: 6112:"Using CRISPR to combat viral infections: a new way to treat herpes?" 2948:

Burn Aschner, Clare; Knipe, David M.; Herold, Betsy C. (7 May 2020).

2285: 1807: 1765: 1750: 1727: 1710: 1645: 1509: 378: 6246:

Mesnil M, Piccoli C, Tiraby G, Willecke K, Yamasaki H (March 1996).

5370: 1422:, that previously collaborated with the Cullen Lab, are researching 7760: 7753: 7748: 7718: 7474: 7410: 7405: 5377:"In vivo disruption of latent HSV by designer endonuclease therapy" 2649: 2517: 1803: 1781: 1363:, Vical's proprietary cationic lipid adjuvant. Vical is concluding 896: 821:

The VC2 non-invasive vaccine was developed by Dr. Gus Kousoulas at

536: 6059:"University of Florida News –Potential new herpes therapy studied" 4830: 4133:"ADMEDUS ANNOUNCES POSITIVE UNBLINDED HSV-2 PHASE II INTERIM DATA" 589:

Live-attenuated HSV vaccine with small deletions in UL20 and UL53

7479: 6923: 5600: 5173: 4808: 4527:"Immunology. Painful failure of promising genital herpes vaccine" 3900:"Herpes Vaccine Developed at HMS Licensed for Preclinical Trials" 3339: 2168:

Chentoufi AA, Kritzer E, Yu DM, Nesburn AB, Benmohamed L (2012).

1356: 1317:, a genital herpes vaccine candidate manufactured by the company 1274:, a specialty vaccine company, partnered with Spector Lab at the 828:

The R2 non-invasive vaccine was developed by Drs. Gregory Smith (

677: 521: 360: 6399:"Amino Acid Requirements of Herpes Simplex Virus in Human Cells" 5969: 5775:

Johnston, Christine; Gottlieb, Sami L.; Wald, Anna (June 2016).

1991: 1943:

Decaro, Nicola; Martella, Vito; Buonavoglia, Canio (July 2008).

1250: 609:

Live-attenuated HSV vaccine mutated in R2 coding region of UL37

7782: 7767: 7058: 6645: 6597:

Astani, Akram; Reichling, Jürgen; Schnitzler, Paul (May 2010).

5970:

Sadowski LA, Upadhyay R, Greeley ZW, Margulies BJ (June 2021).

3737: 2408:"A Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of UB-621" 1811: 1757: 1730: 1683: 1318: 1210: 1017: 904:

do the same. The vaccine was being researched and developed by

900: 336: 4657: 3847:"NIH Launches Trial of Investigational Genital Herpes Vaccine" 3202:"GV2207 – HSV-2 Immunotherapeutic :: GenVec, Inc. (GNVC)" 2898: 2711: 1793: 1040:

Below is a list of vaccines that are no longer being pursued.

703:

HSV-2 subunit trivalent vaccine (containing gD, pUL19, pUL25)

563:

HSV-2 replication-defective vaccine with UL5 and UL29 deleted

7777: 7662: 7268: 7202: 5491: 3535: 2755: 1873:

Studahl, M., Cinque, P., & Bergstrom, T. (Eds.). (2005).

1294: 1107: 1016:, a privately held Swiss biopharmaceutical company, based in 651:

Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

6304: 1994:"Viruses in Horses with Neurologic and Respiratory Diseases" 1027:

Sanofi Pasteur and the clinical-stage immunotherapy company

19:

For herpetology (the study of amphibians and reptiles), see

7077: 6245: 4215: 3497: 3148: 1329: 1216: 1136: 1072: 386:

awareness on the health complications associated with HSV.

5494:"Inhibition of HSV-1 Replication by Gene Editing Strategy" 4192: 4089:"Admedus increases interest in Prof Ian Frazer's vaccines" 2819: 2318:"The Reddit Group Helping to Fund Herpes Vaccine Research" 1949:

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

6596: 5867: 4451: 3796: 3523:"Herpes Virus Mutant Points Towards New Vaccine Strategy" 2793:"Herpes Virus Mutant Points Towards New Vaccine Strategy" 2218: 2167: 1942: 1893: 1333: 871: 2124: 812: 6505:

Tomblin, Frankie A. Jr; Lucas, Kristy H. (2001-02-15).

4268:"Radical Vaccine Design Effective Against Herpes Virus" 3244: 2947: 1726:

to determine its ability to assist in the treatment of

6027:"801. RNA Gene Therapy Targeting Herpes Simplex Virus" 3653: 1468: 866: 4573: 3594: 3047: 2539: 2537: 1854:

Viral vectors for gene therapy: Methods and protocols

1841:

Diefenbach, R. J., & Fraefel, C. (Eds.). (2019).

1820:

Further reviews conclude that "lysine's efficacy for

858:

Southern Illinois University (SIU) School of Medicine

5774: 5580:

Excision BioTherapeutics - Gene Editing Therapeutics

4707: 4502:"QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The Herpevac Trial for Women" 2996: 632:

Live-attenuated HSV-2 vaccine with US6 (gD) deleted

6457:"High-arginine foods: Sources, benefits, and risks" 6353: 6139:"New approach offers chance to finally kill herpes" 6024: 4452:Sandgren KJ, Bertram K, Cunningham AL (July 2016). 1852:Merten, O.-W., & Al-Rubeai, M. (Eds.). (2016). 1798:Research from 1964 into amino acid requirements of 1371:. Their vaccine (named VCL-HB01) was involved in a 1071:Prophylactic, Sub Unit gD2t with alum/MPL adjuvant 924:developed an experimental vaccine with his team at 830:

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

399:demonstrates that an appropriately live-attenuated 4851: 3963: 2566: 2564: 2534: 806:Appears to be for treatment of existing patients. 7935:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services 5008: 5006: 4755: 4753: 4344:. Vaccine Nation (Cameron Bisset). Archived from 3654:Halford WP, Püschel R, Rakowski B (August 2010). 3428:"The Dying Scientist and His Rogue Vaccine Trial" 844:Thyreos Inc was founded to develop a herpesvirus 499:(Taiwanese Company with a branch in the US.) N/A 319:. Examples of particular herpes research include 8021: 2333:"Vaccines against Genital Herpes: Where Are We?" 851: 605:Gregory Smith, Gary Pickard, Ekaterina Heldwein 5152:"Herpes News: Early 2014 Roundup - Just Herpes" 2561: 2455: 2270:"Herpes simplex viruses: is a vaccine tenable?" 5717: 5003: 4750: 2267: 1802:in human cells indicated that "...the lack of 1349:vaccine development remains to be determined. 1116:Live, Attenuated, defective in immune evasion 159:Please review the contents of the article and 16:Science that studies the disease called herpes 6900: 5963: 5446: 5329: 5083:"Amgen completes acquisition of BioVex Group" 4677: 4675: 4520: 4518: 2815: 2813: 1251:Detailed Information on discontinued vaccines 1183:No clinical or virological benefit was shown 1177:Live, Attenuated HSV vaccine with gH deleted 662:trivalent vaccine (containing gC2, gD2, gE2) 654:Kevin P. Egan, Harvey Friedman, Sita Awasthi 6504: 5332:"Gene Editing: A New Tool for Viral Disease" 4975: 4973: 4852:McAllister SC, Schleiss MR (November 2014). 4316:"Pipeline for PBS Vax™ Therapeutic Vaccines" 958: 6735:(Softcover reprint of ed.). : Humana. 6682:Herpes simplex virus: methods and protocols 2161: 1843:Herpes simplex virus: Methods and protocols 1794:Amino acids (Arginine, Lysine) - Cold sores 355:stages of clinical trials, see list below. 60:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6907: 6893: 6712:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6553: 6511:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 6507:"Lysine for management of herpes labialis" 6396: 6347: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6187: 6185: 6109: 6089:Speaking of Medicine - PLOS Community Blog 6061:. News.ufl.edu. 2009-02-03. Archived from 4952:"Vical HSV-2 Therapeutic Vaccine VCL-HB01" 4672: 4515: 4445: 3706: 2810: 440:Anteris HSV-2 therapeutic vaccine / COR-1 6622: 6522: 6432: 6414: 6330: 6298: 6281: 6271: 6217: 6158: 6082: 6042: 5997: 5987: 5895: 5885: 5792: 5751: 5694: 5651: 5628: 5618: 5551:"Researchers aim to find cure for herpes" 5525: 5468: 5400: 5347: 4970: 4877: 4733: 4599: 4550: 4477: 4243: 4233: 4024:"Potential Cure For Herpes Simplex Virus" 3999: 3989: 3822: 3773: 3763: 3689: 3679: 3630: 3620: 3595:Halford WP, Geltz J, Gershburg E (2013). 3571: 3561: 3174: 3075: 3065: 3024: 3014: 2973: 2924: 2847: 2837: 2729: 2685: 2675: 2623: 2613: 2358: 2348: 2293: 2244: 2195: 2185: 2093: 2027: 2009: 1968: 1911: 1238:DNA vaccine: gD2+UL46/Vaxfectin adjuvant 300:Learn how and when to remove this message 282:Learn how and when to remove this message 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 4683:"The PaxVax Platform - Product Pipeline" 3425: 3196: 3194: 2595: 1756:Apoptosis is regulated with the help of 1035: 870: 832:), Patricia Sollars & Gary Pickard ( 80:This article includes a list of general 6234: 6182: 4458:Clinical & Translational Immunology 4318:. Profectus Biosciences. Archived from 3359: 2174:Clinical & Developmental Immunology 1476: 8022: 6763: 6730: 5548: 5330:Kennedy EM, Cullen BR (January 2017). 1722:Herpes has been used in research with 1405:Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1340:. In December 2015, Genocea announced 462:Monoclonal Antibody Therapy / HDIT101 350:Due to the genetic similarity of both 6888: 6482:"L-Arginine: MedlinePlus Supplements" 5423: 4899: 4897: 4524: 4292:. NanoBio Corporation. Archived from 3712: 3191: 2751: 2749: 2707: 2705: 2645: 2643: 2274:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1945:"Canine Adenoviruses and Herpesvirus" 1678:In 2016, researchers showed that the 1346:undergoing a Phase IIb clinical trial 1244:Trial did not show positive outcome. 813:Live-attenuated non-invasive vaccines 628:William Jacobs Jr & Betsy Harold 411: 6397:Tankersley, Robert W. (1964-03-01). 2518:"Knipe Lab | Harvard Medical School" 2221:"Vaccines to prevent genital herpes" 2095:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.001 1740:The HSVtk expression results in the 915: 800:Inactivated HSV-1 and HSV-2 vaccine 705: 565: 235: 128: 66: 25: 6136: 5679:"Transient editing catches the eye" 4793:. 25 September 2017. Archived from 2330: 2268:Whitley RJ, Roizman B (July 2002). 1665: 1469:Herpes simplex pharmaceutical drugs 1390: 1077:Failed in Phase III clinical trial 969:Albert Einstein College of Medicine 867:Replication-defective HSV-2 vaccine 838:Tufts University School of Medicine 765:HSV-2 ICP0‾ HSV-2 0ΔNLS / Theravax 624:Albert Einstein College of Medicine 456: 342: 13: 7962:Eradication of infectious diseases 7719:Androvax (androstenedione albumin) 5576:"Therapeutic and Vaccine Pipeline" 5447:Kennedy EM, Cullen BR (May 2015). 4894: 4580:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 4389:"HSV2 therapeutic vaccine program" 2746: 2702: 2640: 2602:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1835: 1658: 1639: 1617: 1598: 1579: 1560: 1541: 1522: 1289:began Phase I clinical trials for 1241:Discontinued after Phase II stage 1222:Discontinued after Phase II stage 1142:Discontinued after Phase II stage 802: 779: 756: 739: 724: 684: 664: 634: 626:/ X-Vax Technology (Pre-clinical) 611: 591: 572:Dec 2019 – May 2023 543: 512:Jun 2020 – Jun 2021 505: 486:Nov 2019 – Sep 2021 475: 86:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 8046: 7552:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 5349:10.1146/annurev-med-051215-031129 4172:"ANTERIS TECHNOLOGIES (ASX: AVR)" 4091:. Proactive Investors. 2014-07-24 1827: 1788: 1443:University Medical Center Utrecht 1378: 760:Immunogenicity in small animals. 466:Heidelberg ImmunoTheraputics GmbH 389: 41:This article has multiple issues. 7941:Alternative vaccination schedule 6916:Artificial induction of immunity 6836: 6790: 6757: 6724: 6674: 6639: 6590: 6547: 6498: 6474: 6449: 6390: 6152: 6130: 6103: 6076: 6051: 6018: 5937: 5912: 5861: 5837: 5809: 5768: 5711: 5671: 5645: 5594: 5568: 5542: 5485: 5440: 5417: 5364: 5323: 5297: 5275: 5253: 5223: 5191: 5166: 5144: 5122: 4905:"Mymetics HSV Vaccine Candidate" 2596:Dropulic, Lesia K (2019-09-15). 1571:AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG 457:Phase IIa , likely discontinued 240: 225: 133: 71: 30: 6110:van Diemen FR (4 August 2016). 5426:"Can gene editing cure herpes?" 5101: 5075: 5053: 5031: 4944: 4923: 4845: 4823: 4801: 4779: 4701: 4646: 4616: 4567: 4494: 4421: 4395: 4381: 4360: 4334: 4308: 4282: 4260: 4209: 4185: 4164: 4146: 4125: 4103: 4081: 4059: 4038: 4016: 3957: 3936: 3918: 3902:. March 7, 2008. Archived from 3892: 3864: 3839: 3790: 3731: 3647: 3588: 3529: 3515: 3490: 3462: 3438: 3426:Schaffer, Amanda (2018-05-01). 3419: 3393: 3368: 3353: 3324: 3299: 3277:"PBS Vax™ Therapeutic Vaccines" 3269: 3218: 3142: 3126:. Immune Design. 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Archived from 3067:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008795 2839:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006741 2677:10.1371/journal.pone.0109890 1877:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1863:. London, England: Springer. 1717: 1006:) is researching to utilize 552:dl5-29 / ACAM-529 / HSV-529 7: 6768:. London: Springer London. 6044:10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.08.890 5461:10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.024 5311:(Press release). 2018-06-20 5132:. Business Wire. 2014-06-26 3815:10.1016/j.virol.2007.08.030 1596:helicase-primase inhibitor 1577:helicase-primase inhibitor 1158:Recombinant Vector Vaccine 1093:Recombinant Vector Vaccine 856:Dr. William Halford at the 836:), and Ekaterina Heldwein ( 371: 146:reliable medical references 10: 8051: 6159:Kingsbury K (2008-07-02). 6116:PLOS Media YouTube Channel 6083:Kassabian S (2016-08-04). 5736:10.1038/s41587-020-00781-8 5696:10.1038/s41551-021-00695-z 5582:. Excision BioTherapeutics 5014:"Herpevac Trial for Women" 4907:. Mymetics. Archived from 3016:10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw7083 2237:10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.004 1961:10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.02.006 989:Biomedical Research Models 974:Research conducted by the 823:Louisiana State University 582:Louisiana State University 18: 7980: 7949: 7888: 7820: 7711: 7683: 7650: 7324: 7155: 7148: 7067: 6995: 6947: 5887:10.3390/molecules16097210 5689:(2): 127. February 2021. 5428:. Fred Hutch News Service 5393:10.1172/jci.insight.88468 5336:Annual Review of Medicine 5204:. Genocea. Archived from 4858:Expert Review of Vaccines 3332:"Herpes Vaccine Research" 3226:"Nanobio - HSV-2 Vaccine" 2966:10.1038/s41541-020-0184-7 2917:10.1172/jci.insight.88529 2139:10.1017/S1466252309990028 1845:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: 1517:Schaeffer & B. Elion 1338:Phase IIa clinical trials 1285:A private company called 959:Other vaccine exploration 264:primary research articles 175:"Herpes simplex research" 152:or relies too heavily on 7304:Clostridioides difficile 6461:www.medicalnewstoday.com 6161:"A Cure for Cold Sores?" 4525:Cohen J (October 2010). 3281:profectusbiosciences.com 3124:"Immune Design Pipeline" 2522:knipelab.med.harvard.edu 1670:Researchers have made a 1650:GlaxoSmithKline, Avanir 1484:Helicase-primase complex 1428:Herpes Simplex Keratitis 1139:with Matrix M2 adjuvant 777:Live-attenuated vaccine 479:Study of HDIT101 versus 249:This scientific article 7562:Tick-borne encephalitis 6764:Mindel, Adrian (1989). 6403:Journal of Bacteriology 5549:Gordon L (2016-01-26). 3336:Herpes Vaccine Research 3104:investors.modernatx.com 2350:10.3390/vaccines8030420 1768:through gap junctional 1631:Hugh McTavish, PhD, JD 1459:engineered lentiviruses 1373:Phase II clinical trial 1365:Phase I clinical trials 1104:ImmunoVEX HSV2 vaccine 313:Herpes simplex research 101:more precise citations. 7972:List of vaccine topics 6972:Mathematical modelling 6874:: CS1 maint: others ( 6844:Herpes simplex viruses 6828:: CS1 maint: others ( 6368:10.1038/sj.onc.1209912 6273:10.1073/pnas.93.5.1831 3713:Bloom J (2018-02-08). 3446:"Vitaherpavac vaccine" 2473:Cite journal requires 2225:Translational Research 1913:10.1051/vetres:2006063 1875:Herpes Simplex Viruses 1785:the Cx-mediated GJIC. 1696:Herpes simplex viruses 1636:immunological adjuvant 1558:nucleic acid analogue 1539:nucleic acid analogue 1520:nucleic acid analogue 1173:Cantab Pharmaceuticals 1002:(recently acquired by 884:Harvard Medical School 876: 473:monoclonal antibodies 7967:Vaccinate Your Family 7418:Japanese encephalitis 6716:) CS1 maint: others ( 6603:Phytotherapy Research 6524:10.1093/ajhp/58.4.298 4592:10.1093/infdis/jiu177 4069:. Proactive Investors 2615:10.1093/infdis/jiz225 2497:investors.biontech.de 1775:When Hela cells were 1700:human cytomegalovirus 1036:Discontinued vaccines 1020:as a spin-off of the 983:Profectus BioSciences 874: 750:Profectus BioSciences 7850:John Franklin Enders 6766:Herpes Simplex Virus 6137:Fox M (2008-07-02). 5724:Nature Biotechnology 5241:on 26 September 2017 4726:10.1128/JVI.07203-11 2056:Penn State Extension 1896:"Feline herpesvirus" 1861:Herpes Simplex Virus 1800:herpes simplex virus 1682:technology known as 1593:Kiyomitsu Katsumata 1590:Astellas Pharma Inc 1492:Pharmaceutical Drug 1477:Pharmaceutical drugs 1409:zinc finger nuclease 1407:has looked at using 1150:AuRx Herpes Vaccine 1063:Herpevac, Simplirix 444:Anteris Technologies 383:r/HerpesCureResearch 352:herpes simplex virus 327:(varicella/zoster), 7036:Virus-like particle 6960:Vaccine ingredients 6311:Journal of Virology 6264:1996PNAS...93.1831M 5510:2016NatSR...623146R 5455:. 479–480: 213–20. 5263:. StreetInsider.com 5174:"Pipeline - Agenus" 4714:Journal of Virology 4689:on 8 September 2016 4543:2010Sci...330..304C 4470:10.1038/cti.2016.44 4348:on 9 September 2014 4235:10.7554/eLife.06054 3982:2013PLoSO...876407D 3879:Journal of Virology 3756:2013PLoSO...857224M 3672:2010PLoSO...512251H 3613:2013PLoSO...865523H 3554:2011PLoSO...617748H 3525:. 18 December 2017. 3472:Voprosy Virusologii 2668:2014PLoSO...9j9890S 2187:10.1155/2012/187585 1900:Veterinary Research 1859:Mindel, A. (2011). 1672:Hammerhead ribozyme 1441:Researchers at the 1325:Genocea Biosciences 976:NanoBio Corporation 936:following results: 875:Principle of HSV529 446:(formerly Admedus) 8007:Never to phase III 7806:Hexavalent vaccine 7620:Epstein–Barr virus 7515:Oxford–AstraZeneca 7208:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 5951:. 19 February 2018 5949:clinicaltrials.gov 5498:Scientific Reports 4409:on 22 October 2014 3256:DBusiness Magazine 3003:Science Immunology 2799:. 18 December 2017 2549:ClinicalTrials.gov 2412:ClinicalTrials.gov 2387:ClinicalTrials.gov 1866:Brown, P. (1997). 1694:and some cancers; 1688:Epstein-Barr virus 877: 797:Vitafarma, Russia 647:Trivalent Vaccine 503:anti-HSV antibody 469:Claudia Kunz, PhD 412:Vaccine candidates 397:chickenpox vaccine 333:Epstein-Barr virus 8017: 8016: 7929:Vaccines and SIDS 7816: 7815: 7590:Hepatitis A and B 7566:Varicella zoster 7028:Subunit/component 6853:978-0-8247-2731-4 6807:978-1-59259-594-5 6775:978-1-4471-1683-7 6742:978-1-4939-5828-3 6691:978-1-4939-9814-2 6568:10.1159/000501062 6031:Molecular Therapy 5989:10.3390/v13071228 5831:10.2217/fvl.11.28 5825:(10): 1199–1209. 5787:(26): 2948–2952. 5518:10.1038/srep23146 4660:on 5 January 2017 4296:on 4 October 2015 3906:on March 19, 2012 3307:"Introducing RVx" 3232:on 18 August 2016 2765:(20): 2842–2849. 2578:. 15 January 2020 2011:10.3390/v11100942 1663: 1662: 1615:kinase inhibitor 1435:Temple University 1248: 1247: 1004:Vir Biotechnology 967:A study from the 916:DNA-based vaccine 882:, a professor at 810: 809: 769:Rational Vaccines 573: 513: 487: 310: 309: 302: 292: 291: 284: 251:needs additional 234: 233: 210: 127: 126: 119: 64: 8042: 7908:MMR autism fraud 7855:Maurice Hilleman 7840:Hilary Koprowski 7153: 7152: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6879: 6873: 6865: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6827: 6819: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6711: 6703: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6626: 6615:10.1002/ptr.2955 6594: 6588: 6587: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6526: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6468: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6436: 6418: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6334: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6285: 6275: 6243: 6232: 6231: 6221: 6189: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6167:. 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Archived from 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3198: 3189: 3188: 3178: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3130:on 23 April 2017 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3079: 3069: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3028: 3018: 3009:(39): eaaw7083. 2994: 2988: 2987: 2977: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2928: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2876: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2851: 2841: 2832:(12): e1006741. 2817: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2733: 2709: 2700: 2699: 2689: 2679: 2647: 2638: 2637: 2627: 2617: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2568: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2504: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2461: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2443: 2433:"Pipeline | GSK" 2429: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2419: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2362: 2352: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2297: 2286:10.1172/JCI16126 2265: 2259: 2258: 2248: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2199: 2189: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2097: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2031: 2013: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1972: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1915: 1891: 1666:Notable progress 1552:patents expired 1533:patents expired 1514:patents expired 1498:Lead Researcher 1489: 1488: 1463:off-target edits 1391:Notable research 1265:phase III trials 1215:Peptide vaccine/ 1043: 1042: 930:Admedus Vaccines 846:vaccine platform 804: 781: 773:William Halford 758: 741: 726: 707: 686: 666: 636: 613: 593: 571: 567: 545: 511: 507: 496:United BioPharma 485: 477: 419: 418: 343:Vaccine research 321:drug development 305: 298: 287: 280: 276: 273: 267: 244: 243: 236: 229: 228: 220: 217: 211: 209: 168: 137: 136: 129: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 97:this article by 88:inline citations 75: 74: 67: 56: 34: 33: 26: 8050: 8049: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8039: 8020: 8019: 8018: 8013: 8012: 7997:Clinical trials 7976: 7945: 7884: 7860:Stanley Plotkin 7822: 7812: 7724:Cancer vaccines 7707: 7701:Schistosomiasis 7679: 7673:Trypanosomiasis 7646: 7610:Cytomegalovirus 7520:Pfizer–BioNTech 7320: 7144: 7093:Vaccine wastage 7063: 6991: 6943: 6913: 6883: 6867: 6866: 6854: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6821: 6820: 6808: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6776: 6762: 6758: 6743: 6729: 6725: 6705: 6704: 6692: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6644: 6640: 6595: 6591: 6552: 6548: 6503: 6499: 6490: 6488: 6486:medlineplus.gov 6480: 6479: 6475: 6466: 6464: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6395: 6391: 6362:(46): 6176–87. 6352: 6348: 6303: 6299: 6244: 6235: 6190: 6183: 6174: 6172: 6171:on July 3, 2008 6157: 6153: 6144: 6142: 6135: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6081: 6077: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6023: 6019: 5968: 5964: 5954: 5952: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5929: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5866: 5862: 5853: 5851: 5849:www.aicuris.com 5843: 5842: 5838: 5819:Future Virology 5814: 5810: 5773: 5769: 5716: 5712: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5662: 5660: 5650: 5646: 5613:(6): e1005701. 5599: 5595: 5585: 5583: 5574: 5573: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5555:The Temple News 5547: 5543: 5490: 5486: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5422: 5418: 5369: 5365: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5303: 5302: 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3223: 3219: 3210: 3208: 3200: 3199: 3192: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3106: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3060:(7): e1008795. 3046: 3042: 2995: 2991: 2946: 2942: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2818: 2811: 2802: 2800: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2754: 2747: 2710: 2703: 2662:(10): e109890. 2648: 2641: 2608:(6): 990–1000. 2594: 2590: 2581: 2579: 2576:honeycomb.click 2570: 2569: 2562: 2553: 2551: 2543: 2542: 2535: 2526: 2524: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2474: 2472: 2463: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2441: 2439: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2417: 2415: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2390: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2329: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2266: 2262: 2217: 2213: 2166: 2162: 2123: 2119: 2073: 2069: 2060: 2058: 2050: 2049: 2045: 1990: 1986: 1941: 1937: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1838: 1836:Further reading 1830: 1822:herpes labialis 1796: 1791: 1742:phosphorylation 1720: 1707:Duke University 1690:, the cause of 1668: 1479: 1471: 1457:: injection of 1433:Researchers at 1426:for its use in 1420:Editas Medicine 1401:Keith R. Jerome 1393: 1381: 1253: 1067:GlaxoSmithKline 1038: 1008:cytomegalovirus 961: 918: 869: 854: 815: 805: 782: 759: 708: 667: 637: 614: 594: 570: 568: 546: 510: 508: 484: 478: 414: 392: 374: 345: 329:cytomegalovirus 306: 295: 294: 293: 288: 277: 271: 268: 261: 245: 241: 230: 226: 221: 215: 212: 169: 158: 154:primary sources 138: 134: 123: 112: 106: 103: 93:Please help to 92: 76: 72: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8048: 8038: 8037: 8035:Virus research 8032: 8015: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8009: 8008: 8005: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7953: 7951: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7898: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7875:Katalin Karikó 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7826: 7824: 7818: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7751: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7698: 7689: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7630:Herpes simplex 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7530:Sinopharm BIBP 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7480:Bharat Biotech 7477: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7414: 7413: 7408: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7283: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7232: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7157: 7150: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7108:Vaccine injury 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7071: 7069: 7068:Administration 7065: 7064: 7062: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7042: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7018: 7010: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6968: 6967: 6957: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6944: 6912: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6889: 6882: 6881: 6852: 6835: 6806: 6789: 6774: 6756: 6741: 6723: 6690: 6673: 6654:(1–2): 71–78. 6638: 6609:(5): 673–679. 6589: 6546: 6517:(4): 298–304. 6497: 6473: 6448: 6409:(3): 609–613. 6389: 6346: 6317:(3): 889–901. 6297: 6233: 6204:(8): 2383–91. 6181: 6151: 6129: 6102: 6075: 6050: 6017: 5962: 5936: 5911: 5880:(9): 7210–23. 5860: 5836: 5808: 5767: 5730:(5): 567–577. 5710: 5670: 5644: 5607:PLOS Pathogens 5593: 5567: 5541: 5484: 5439: 5416: 5363: 5342:(1): 401–411. 5322: 5309:Globe Newswire 5296: 5274: 5252: 5222: 5211:on 11 May 2016 5190: 5165: 5143: 5121: 5100: 5089:. 4 March 2011 5074: 5063:. 5 March 2010 5052: 5030: 5002: 4969: 4943: 4922: 4911:on 14 May 2016 4893: 4844: 4822: 4800: 4797:on 2017-09-26. 4778: 4749: 4720:(8): 4586–98. 4700: 4671: 4645: 4615: 4586:(4): 571–575. 4566: 4514: 4493: 4444: 4420: 4394: 4380: 4359: 4333: 4322:on 23 May 2019 4307: 4281: 4259: 4208: 4193:"Витагерпавак" 4184: 4163: 4145: 4124: 4102: 4080: 4058: 4037: 4026:. HSV Outbreak 4015: 3976:(10): e76407. 3956: 3944:"Our Pipeline" 3935: 3917: 3891: 3863: 3838: 3809:(2): 227–231. 3789: 3730: 3705: 3646: 3587: 3528: 3514: 3498:"Vitagerpavac" 3489: 3461: 3437: 3418: 3392: 3367: 3352: 3323: 3298: 3287:on 23 May 2019 3268: 3243: 3217: 3206:www.genvec.com 3190: 3141: 3115: 3091: 3054:PLOS Pathogens 3040: 2989: 2940: 2891: 2863: 2826:PLOS Pathogens 2809: 2784: 2745: 2724:(4): 536–543. 2701: 2639: 2588: 2560: 2533: 2509: 2484: 2475:|journal= 2448: 2424: 2399: 2374: 2323: 2309: 2260: 2211: 2160: 2117: 2082:Theriogenology 2067: 2043: 1984: 1955:(4): 799–814. 1935: 1906:(2): 337–354. 1885: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1871: 1864: 1857: 1850: 1837: 1834: 1829: 1828:Essential oils 1826: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1789:Other research 1787: 1719: 1716: 1680:genome editing 1667: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1659:In Production 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1612:Deepak Shukla 1610: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1599:In Production 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1561:In Production 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1542:In Production 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1523:In Production 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1467: 1455:corneal stroma 1392: 1389: 1385:genome editing 1380: 1379:Genome editing 1377: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1058:Final Results 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1037: 1034: 960: 957: 948: 947: 944: 941: 917: 914: 906:Sanofi Pasteur 886:has developed 880:David M. Knipe 868: 865: 853: 850: 814: 811: 808: 807: 801: 798: 795: 785: 784: 778: 775: 766: 762: 761: 755: 752: 747: 743: 742: 738: 735: 732: 728: 727: 723: 720: 715: 711: 710: 704: 701: 695:Sanofi Pasteur 692: 688: 687: 683: 680: 675: 671: 670: 663: 656: 648: 640: 639: 633: 630: 621: 617: 616: 610: 607: 601: 597: 596: 590: 587: 585:Gus Kousoulas 579: 575: 574: 564: 561: 556:Sanofi Pasteur 553: 549: 548: 542: 539: 534: 530: 529: 526: 524: 519: 515: 514: 504: 501: 493: 489: 488: 474: 471: 463: 459: 458: 455: 452: 441: 437: 436: 429: 426: 423: 413: 410: 391: 390:Vaccine design 388: 373: 370: 365:viral shedding 344: 341: 308: 307: 290: 289: 248: 246: 239: 232: 231: 224: 222: 141: 139: 132: 125: 124: 79: 77: 70: 65: 39: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8047: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8006: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7880:Drew Weissman 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7865:H. Fred Clark 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7835:Louis Pasteur 7833: 7831: 7830:Edward Jenner 7828: 7827: 7825: 7819: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7801:DTwP-HepB-Hib 7799: 7797: 7796:DTaP-IPV-HepB 7794: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7787:combination: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7746: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7685:Helminthiasis 7682: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7586:combination: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7289:DPT/DTwP/DTaP 7287: 7286: 7285:combination: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7199: 7198:Meningococcus 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7188:Leptospirosis 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7123:Vaccine court 7121: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7078:GAVI Alliance 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6946: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6910: 6905: 6903: 6898: 6896: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6877: 6871: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6831: 6825: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6734: 6727: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6687: 6683: 6677: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6648:Phytomedicine 6642: 6634: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6501: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6301: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6258:(5): 1831–5. 6257: 6253: 6249: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6229: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6188: 6186: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6140: 6133: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6065:on 2010-06-13 6064: 6060: 6054: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6009: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5926:on 2018-10-11 5925: 5921: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5659: 5655: 5648: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5581: 5577: 5571: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5537: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5443: 5427: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5326: 5310: 5306: 5300: 5284: 5278: 5262: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5226: 5207: 5200: 5194: 5179: 5178:agenusbio.com 5175: 5169: 5153: 5147: 5131: 5125: 5110: 5104: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5062: 5056: 5040: 5034: 5020:on 2007-10-20 5019: 5015: 5009: 5007: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4974: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4932: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4832: 4826: 4810: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4704: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4676: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4634:on 2016-08-15 4633: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4537:(6002): 304. 4536: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4519: 4503: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4430: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4390: 4384: 4369: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4269: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4180: 4173: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4141: 4134: 4128: 4112: 4106: 4090: 4084: 4068: 4062: 4047: 4041: 4025: 4019: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3945: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3880: 3873: 3867: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3750:(2): e57224. 3749: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3666:(8): e12251. 3665: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3607:(6): e65523. 3606: 3602: 3598: 3591: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3548:(3): e17748. 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3518: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3422: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3363: 3356: 3342:on 2016-08-25 3341: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3313:on 2016-10-19 3312: 3308: 3302: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2880: 2873: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2814: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2750: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2706: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2644: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2592: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2565: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2538: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2480: 2467: 2459: 2452: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2388: 2384: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2319: 2313: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2280:(2): 145–51. 2279: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1988: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1825: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1786: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1770:intercellular 1767: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1735:gap junctions 1732: 1729: 1725: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692:mononucleosis 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1628:Squarex, LLC 1627: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1474: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1388: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1261:United States 1259:(NIH) in the 1258: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169:DISC vaccine 1168: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1157: 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520: 517: 516: 502: 500: 497: 494: 491: 490: 482: 472: 470: 467: 464: 461: 460: 453: 451: 450: 445: 442: 439: 438: 434: 430: 428:Vaccine Type 427: 424: 421: 420: 417: 409: 407: 402: 401:α-herpesvirus 398: 387: 384: 380: 369: 366: 362: 356: 353: 348: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 304: 301: 286: 283: 275: 265: 259: 258: 254: 247: 238: 237: 223: 219: 208: 205: 201: 198: 194: 191: 187: 184: 180: 177: – 176: 172: 171:Find sources: 166: 162: 156: 155: 151: 147: 142:This article 140: 131: 130: 121: 118: 110: 100: 96: 90: 89: 83: 78: 69: 68: 63: 61: 54: 53: 48: 47: 42: 37: 28: 27: 22: 7957:Epidemiology 7933: 7905: 7791:DTaP-IPV/Hib 7629: 7582:Yellow fever 7495:EpiVacCorona 7252:Tuberculosis 7225:Pneumococcal 7193:Lyme disease 7021:Heterologous 6920:Immunization 6843: 6838: 6797: 6792: 6765: 6759: 6732: 6726: 6681: 6676: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6559: 6556:Chemotherapy 6555: 6549: 6514: 6510: 6500: 6489:. 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PLOS.org 6091:. PLOS.org 6069:2011-04-12 5955:29 January 5930:2018-10-11 5920:"Products" 5854:2016-09-16 5658:PLOS BLOGS 5586:19 January 5087:Boston.com 5024:2008-03-04 4962:18 January 4628:paxvax.com 4464:(7): e94. 4413:17 October 4270:. HHMI.org 4202:2018-11-09 4179:CTF Assets 3724:2018-08-09 3508:2020-02-06 3455:2020-02-06 3386:2018-05-21 3346:2016-08-02 3317:2016-08-02 3262:2022-12-30 3211:2016-08-16 3109:2022-02-21 2872:"Pipeline" 2803:2018-08-13 2582:2020-04-28 2554:2020-04-28 2527:2016-08-02 2503:2023-03-13 2442:2022-12-30 2418:2020-03-27 2393:2020-03-27 2343:(3): 420. 2061:2021-06-01 1882:References 1746:nucleoside 1724:HeLa cells 1586:Amenamevir 1580:Phase III 1567:Pritelivir 1397:Jerome Lab 1263:conducted 1022:ETH Zurich 922:Ian Frazer 920:Professor 890:5-29. 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Reuters 5874:Molecules 5744:1546-1696 5663:8 January 5560:8 January 5504:: 23146. 5432:7 January 4985:Vical.com 4936:31 August 4837:4 January 4815:4 January 4664:4 January 4638:15 August 4507:30 August 4437:30 August 4300:2 October 4073:3 October 4030:19 August 3291:15 August 2960:(1): 35. 2884:19 August 2112:225106858 2020:1999-4915 1922:0928-4249 1808:histidine 1766:diffusion 1751:apoptosis 1728:malignant 1718:Oncolytic 1711:antagomir 1646:Docosanol 1640:Phase II 1510:Aciclovir 1361:Vaxfectin 1291:ImmunoVEX 1230:VCL-HB01 1219:adjuvant 1161:Inactive 1014:Redbiotec 1000:Tomegavax 993:Worcester 757:Discovery 379:Subreddit 272:June 2021 253:citations 216:June 2021 107:June 2021 52:talk page 7761:Prostvac 7754:Gardasil 7749:Cervarix 7696:Hookworm 7575:Shingles 7557:Smallpox 7475:Corbevax 7411:Gardasil 7406:Cervarix 7149:Vaccines 7103:Schedule 7074:Global: 6982:Timeline 6924:Vaccines 6862:61254022 6668:17976968 6633:19653195 6576:31234166 6541:11225166 6443:14127578 6384:17202284 6376:17028597 6356:Oncogene 6228:19671758 6122:4 August 6095:4 August 6037:: S310. 6008:34202050 5906:21869749 5803:26973067 5762:33432198 5705:33580230 5639:27362483 5536:27064617 5479:25759096 5453:Virology 5411:27642635 5358:27576009 5158:2 August 5114:2 August 5093:2 August 5067:2 August 5045:2 August 4915:22 April 4888:25077372 4771:2 August 4744:22318147 4610:24652496 4561:20947733 4488:27525067 4373:2 August 4274:12 March 4254:25756612 4158:Biospace 4117:2 August 4010:24098493 3970:PLOS ONE 3949:June 18, 3910:April 6, 3833:17915278 3803:Virology 3784:23468943 3744:PLOS ONE 3719:acsh.org 3700:20808928 3660:PLOS ONE 3641:23755244 3601:PLOS ONE 3582:21412438 3542:PLOS ONE 3484:19882901 3236:2 August 3185:26571309 3134:22 April 3086:32716975 3035:31541030 2984:32411398 2935:27536733 2858:29216315 2779:29655629 2740:28017425 2696:25350288 2656:PLOS ONE 2634:31058977 2369:32727077 2337:Vaccines 2304:12122103 2255:32272093 2206:22548113 2180:: 1–16. 2155:30766513 2147:19558751 2104:33113438 2038:31614994 1979:18501279 1930:17296160 1804:arginine 1782:connexin 1744:of drug 1634:Topical 1495:Company 1308:Mymetics 1192:Mymetics 1188:Unnamed 1127:Gen-003 1085:Unnamed 1046:Vaccine 897:antibody 803:Phase IV 793:Herpovax 731:NE-HSV2 537:BioNTech 506:Phase II 476:Phase II 422:Vaccine 406:adjuvant 372:Advocacy 7950:Related 7896:General 7658:Malaria 7545:Valneva 7510:Novavax 7505:Moderna 7500:Janssen 7485:CanSino 7465:Rubella 7423:Measles 7294:Td/Tdap 7264:Typhoid 7247:Tetanus 7242:Q fever 7173:Cholera 7163:Anthrax 7032:Peptide 6996:Classes 6977:Storage 6624:7167768 6292:8700844 6260:Bibcode 6219:2871293 5999:8310346 5976:Viruses 5897:6264763 5781:Vaccine 5753:7611178 5630:4928872 5527:4827394 5506:Bibcode 5470:4424069 5402:5026126 5315:29 June 5289:23 June 5267:22 June 5215:5 March 4995:16 June 4879:4385587 4791:Genocea 4735:3318599 4654:"About" 4601:4172040 4539:Bibcode 4531:Science 4479:4973325 4352:13 June 4245:4352706 4140:Admedus 4001:3789751 3978:Bibcode 3884:May 20, 3824:2099303 3775:3582571 3752:Bibcode 3691:2923193 3668:Bibcode 3632:3675040 3609:Bibcode 3573:3055896 3550:Bibcode 3380:khn.org 3176:6322202 3155:Vaccine 3077:7410331 3026:6822172 2975:7206093 2926:4985247 2849:5749899 2759:Vaccine 2718:Vaccine 2687:4211657 2664:Bibcode 2625:6688060 2360:7566015 2246:7293938 2197:3324142 2088:: 1–6. 2029:6832430 1998:Viruses 1970:7114865 1504:Status 1403:at the 1399:run by 1357:plasmid 1131:Genocea 1055:Reason 926:Coridon 714:GV2207 678:Moderna 544:Phase I 533:BNT163 492:UB-621 381:group, 361:ganglia 337:oysters 200:scholar 165:removed 95:improve 8030:Herpes 7986:WHO-EM 7906:Lancet 7783:TA-NIC 7768:NicVAX 7615:Dengue 7455:Rabies 7281:Typhus 7220:Plague 7098:Policy 7059:Toxoid 6987:Trials 6860: 6850: 6814: 6804: 6782: 6772: 6749: 6739: 6698: 6688: 6666: 6631: 6621: 6582: 6574: 6539: 6531: 6441: 6434:277062 6431: 6423: 6382: 6374: 6341:191652 6339: 6332:515626 6329: 6290: 6280: 6226: 6216: 6006: 5996: 5904: 5894: 5801: 5760: 5750: 5742: 5703: 5637: 5627: 5534: 5524: 5477: 5467: 5409: 5399: 5387:(14). 5356: 4886: 4876: 4833:. 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