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555:, who described animal movements in terms of mechanical motion. On such premises Boerhaave proposed a hydraulic model of human physiology. His writings refer to simple machines such as levers and pulleys and similar mechanisms, and he saw the bodily organs and members as being assembled from pipe-like structures. The physiology of veins, for example, he compared to the operation of pipes. He asserted the importance of a proper balance of fluid pressure, noting that fluids should be able to move around the body freely, without obstacles. For its well-being the body needed to be self-regulating, so as to maintain a healthy state of equilibrium. Boerhaave's concept of the body as apparatus centred his medical attention on material problems rather than upon
784:
44:
574:, who strongly advocated the importance of physico-mechanical principles for the preservation or indeed the restoration of health. As a professor at Leiden, Boerhaave influenced many students. Some in their experiments upheld and furthered his philosophy, while others rejected it and proposed alternative theories of human physiology. He produced a great many textbooks and writings through which the digested brilliance of his lectures at Leiden was circulated widely in Europe. In 1708 his publication of the
1362:
281:
593:. In place of a servile dependence upon teachings handed down from antiquity, Boerhaave understood the importance of establishing definitive findings through his own investigation, and by the direct application of his own methods of testing. This new reasoning expanded the field of Renaissance anatomy: it opened the way to reforms of medical practice and understanding in the field of
512:, which involves tearing of the oesophagus, usually a consequence of vigorous vomiting. Notoriously, in 1724 he described the case of Baron Jan van Wassenaer, a Dutch admiral who died of this condition following a gluttonous feast and subsequent regurgitation. The condition was uniformly fatal prior to modern surgical techniques allowing repair of the oesophagus.
570:. He emphasised the importance of anatomical research based on practical observation and scientific experiment. His concept of the bodily system took hold throughout Europe, and helped to transform medical education in the European schools. His insights aroused great interest among other critical medical thinkers, not least in
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His reputation so increased the fame of the
University of Leiden, especially as a school of medicine, that it became popular with visitors from every part of Europe. All the princes of Europe sent him pupils, who found in this skilful professor not only an indefatigable teacher, but an affectionate
924:
Botanical exploration of southern Africa : an illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora : biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India
Company until modern
768:
488:
He had a prodigious influence on the development of medicine and chemistry in
Scotland. British medical schools credit Boerhaave for developing the system of medical education upon which their current institutions are based. Every founding member of the
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in the chair of practical medicine, and in this capacity he introduced the modern system of clinical instruction. Four years later he was appointed to the chair of chemistry as well. In 1728 he was elected into the
1231:
Rina Knoeff (2002), "Herman
Boerhaave (1668–1783): Calvinist chemist and physician." History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands, Volume 3. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
252:
of
European fame. He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital and is sometimes referred to as "the father of physiology," along with Venetian physician
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for him. His reputation was not confined to Europe; a
Chinese mandarin sent him a letter addressed to "the illustrious Boerhaave, physician in Europe," and it reached him in due course.
535:(meaning "Boerhaave's Prayers"). Among other things, he considered nature as God's Creation, and he used to say that the poor were his best patients because God was their paymaster.
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and was a devout
Christian who often wrote about God in his works. A collection of his religious thoughts on medicine, translated from Latin to English, has been compiled by the
1093:
New
Narratives in Eighteenth-Century Chemistry: Contributions from the First Francis Bacon Workshop, 21–23 April 2005, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
393:
and medicine, and in that capacity he did good service, not only to his own university, but also to botanical science, by his improvements and additions to the
424:
of London. In 1729 declining health obliged him to resign the chairs of chemistry and botany; and he died, after a lingering and painful illness, at Leiden.
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Abraham
Drolenvaux. They had four children, of whom one daughter, Maria Joanna, lived to adulthood. In 1722, he began to suffer from an extreme case of
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The operating theatre of the
University of Leiden in which he once worked as an anatomist is now at the centre of a museum named after him; the
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went to Holland in 1716 (he had been in Holland before in 1697 to instruct himself in maritime affairs), he also took lessons from Boerhaave.
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De utilitate explorandorum in aegris excrementorum ut signorum (The Utility of Examining Signs of Disease in the Excrement of the Sick)
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degree and wanted to become a preacher. After the death of his father, however, he was offered a scholarship and he entered the
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260:(1708–1777) and is best known for demonstrating the relation of symptoms to lesions. He was the first to isolate the chemical
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1390:"Aphorismi de Cognoscendis et Curandis Morbis" (1709; “Aphorisms on the Recognition and Treatment of Diseases”)
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Oratio academica qua probatur, bene intellectam a Cicerone et confutatam esse sententiam Epicuri de summo bono
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from urine. He was the first physician to put thermometer measurements to clinical practice. His motto was
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928:. L. E. W. Codd. Cape Town: Published for the Botanical Research Institute by A.A. Balkema. p. 40.
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Boerhaave devoted himself intensively to the study of the human body. He was strongly influenced by the
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In 1701 he was appointed lecturer on the institutes of medicine at Leiden; in his inaugural discourse,
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651:(in Latin). Parisiis. 1728 – via apud Guillelmum Cavelier, via Jacobea, sub signo Lilii aurei.
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Boerhaave, Herman (1983). edited by Elze Kegel-Brinkgreve & Antonie Maria Luyendijk-Elshout.
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256:(1561–1636). Boerhaave introduced the quantitative approach into medicine, along with his pupil
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On 14 September 1710, Boerhaave married Maria Drolenvaux, the daughter of the rich merchant,
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The mechanistic concept of the human body departed from the age-old precepts laid down by
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Atrocis, nec descripti prius, morbii historia: secundum medicae artis leges conscripta
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is named after Boerhaave. From 1955 to 1961 Boerhaave's image was printed on Dutch 20-
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1071:. Volume 4 of Publications of the Sir Thomas Browne Institute Leiden. Brill Archive.
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299:. He travelled back and forth to his friend's garden and to the Leiden University by
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1135:. New Haven: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age. p. 393.
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was issued in over five languages, and went into approximately ten editions. His
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From Elements to Atoms: A History of Chemical Composition, Volume 92, Issues 4–6
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Boerhaave's teaching of his knowledge and philosophy drew many students to the
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had studied at Leyden and attended Boerhaave's lectures on chemistry including
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De distinctione mentis a corpore (On the Difference of the Mind from the Body)
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1150:(second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 101–05.
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268:: 'Simplicity is the sign of the truth'. He is often hailed as the "Dutch
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Inventing Chemistry: Herman Boerhaave and the Reform of the Chemical Arts
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In 1714, when he was appointed rector of the university, he succeeded
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The Utility of Examining Signs of Disease in the Excrement of the Sick
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Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt
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Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt
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Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt
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Historia plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduni-Batavorum crescunt
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Index alter plantarum quae in horto academico Lugduno-Batavo aluntur
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Index alter plantarum quae in horto academico Lugduno-Batavo aluntur
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Index plantarum quae in Horto academico Lugduno Batavo reperiuntur
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in Leiden, National Museum of the History of Science and Medicine
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1056:(Leiden, the Netherlands: Lugduni Batavorum Boutesteniana, 1724).
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Underwood, E. Ashworth. "Boerhaave After Three Hundred Years."
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in the New England Journal of Medicine (subscription required)
1260:"Different Shades of Newton: Herman Boerhaave on Isaac Newton
683:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Leiden: Pieter van der Aa (1.). 1720.
673:(in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: Pieter van der Aa (1.). 1720.
582:, a world-renowned chemistry textbook, was published in 1732.
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De utilitate explorandorum in aegris excrementorum ut signorum
586:
551:, and those of the 17th-century astronomer and mathematician
1175:. Cambridge: The Cambridge History of Sciences. p. 469.
27:
Dutch botanist, chemist, humanist, and physician (1668–1738)
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The American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, Volume 1
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Translated from the original Latin by Timothy Dallowe, MD.
358:. He then turned to the study of medicine. He earned his
736:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Leiden: Severinus, Isaak. 1732.
715:(in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: Severinus, Isaak. 1732.
692:(Paris, 1724) (unauthorised). (Digital edition by the
624:
Het Nut der Mechanistische Methode in de Geneeskunde
236:, 31 December 1668 – 23 September 1738) was a Dutch
1203:Guggenheim, K. Y. "Herman Boerhaave on nutrition."
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809:is used to indicate this person as the author when
638:(Leiden, 1709), on which his pupil and assistant,
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1288:. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
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725:. Vol. 1. London: Pemberton, J and J. 1735.
505:is recognised as the first text on chemistry.
445:, who became a close friend and named the genus
1404:"A New Method of Chemistry" (1741 & 1753) (
663:(in Latin). Leiden: Cornelis Boutesteyn. 1710.
642:(1700–1772) published a commentary in 5 vols.
1417:Javed Chaudhry Article about Herman Boerhaave
1119:Essays on various subjects of medical science
1219:Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences
648:Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis
636:Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis
610:Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis
1341:A recent discussion of Boerhaave's Syndrome
1148:Medicine and Society in Early Modern Europe
458:Bronze statue made by J.Stracke (1817–1891)
344:On the Difference of the Mind from the Body
705:(in Latin). Roma: Francesco Gonzaga. 1727.
295:, the garden of his friend and sponsor to
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1522:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1237:. "Boerhaave After Three Hundred Years."
1145:
1104:H. Biglow, Orville Luther Holley (1817).
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983:Underwood, E. Ashworth (1 January 1968).
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758:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Amsterdam. 1738.
748:(in Latin). Vol. 1. Amsterdam. 1738.
874:. American Philosophical Society. p. 128
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958:"Herman Boerhaave (www.whonamedit.com)"
694:University and State Library Düsseldorf
322:, in his youth Boerhaave studied for a
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370:) in 1693, with a dissertation titled
346:). There he attacked the doctrines of
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1321:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911.
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910:from the original on 9 October 2022.
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690:Institutiones et Experimenta chemiae
338:in 1690, with a dissertation titled
1517:Academic staff of Leiden University
481:organises medical trainings called
287:Castle, Herman Boerhaave's home in
24:
1537:Writers about religion and science
1363:Works by or about Herman Boerhaave
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1039:Clow, Archibald & Nan L. Clow
898:"De distinctione mentis a corpore"
529:Sir Thomas Browne Instituut Leiden
25:
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1328:'s 1739 biography of him online:
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1043:, Batchworth Press, London, 1952.
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479:Leiden University Medical Centre
340:De distinctione mentis a corpore
1532:University of Harderwijk alumni
1187:International Plant Names Index
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1221:. Cambridge University Press.
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515:Boerhaave was critical of his
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1472:18th-century Dutch anatomists
1467:17th-century Dutch anatomists
1452:18th-century Dutch physicians
1442:17th-century Dutch physicians
1385:Mathematics Genealogy Project
833:Gerrit Arie Lindeboom (ed.),
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441:travelled to see him, as did
1507:Fellows of the Royal Society
1482:18th-century Dutch botanists
1477:17th-century Dutch botanists
1241:4, no. 5634 (1968): 820–25.
1217:Mendelsohn, Everett (2003).
1207:118, no. 2 (1988): 141–143.
853:4, no. 5634 (1968): 820–25.
408:, recovering the next year.
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233:[ˈɦɛrmɑmˈbuːrˌɦaːvə]
210:Author abbrev. (botany)
122:Founder of clinical teaching
7:
1502:Dutch Renaissance humanists
1487:18th-century Dutch chemists
1395:"Elementa Chemiae" (1733) (
1239:The British Medical Journal
1091:Principe, Lawrence (2007).
989:The British Medical Journal
851:The British Medical Journal
10:
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1457:18th-century Dutch writers
1447:17th-century Dutch writers
1312:"Boerhaave, Hermann"
508:Boerhaave first described
418:French Academy of Sciences
1354:Works by Herman Boerhaave
1258:Ducheyne, Steffen (2017)
1121:. New York Symour. p. 113
896:Herman Boerhaave (1690).
870:Robert Siegfried (2002).
563:explanations of illness.
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1330:Life of Herman Boerhaave
1284:Powers, John C. (2012).
1205:The Journal of Nutrition
1146:Lindemann, Mary (2013).
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491:Edinburgh Medical School
395:botanic garden of Leiden
364:University of Harderwijk
112:University of Harderwijk
1406:English Translation of
1318:Encyclopædia Britannica
1171:Broman, Thomas (2003).
1041:The Chemical Revolution
503:Elementa Chemiae (1732)
1235:Underwood, E. Ashworth
1117:Hosack, David (1824).
1001:10.1136/bmj.4.5634.820
835:Boerhaave and His Time
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307:Boerhaave was born at
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1527:People from Teylingen
1397:Elements of Chemistry
1346:13 April 2008 at the
1131:Cook, Harold (2007).
1095:. Springer, pp. 66–67
722:Elements of Chemistry
630:Institutiones medicae
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576:Institutiones Medicae
539:Medical contributions
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266:Simplex sigillum veri
1213:10.1093/jn/118.2.141
1173:The Medical Sciences
1068:Boerhaaveìs Orations
837:, Brill, 1970, p. 7.
568:University of Leiden
533:Boerhaave's Orations
330:, where he took his
328:University of Leiden
293:Hortus Cliffortianus
148:University of Leiden
107:University of Leiden
1497:Dutch entomologists
1133:Matters of Exchange
1108:. H. Biglow, p. 192
921:Gunn, Mary (1981).
800:author abbreviation
258:Albrecht von Haller
1408:"Elementa Chemiae"
964:on 7 February 2006
886:Mendelsohn, p. 287
640:Gerard van Swieten
614:
572:Friedrich Hoffmann
510:Boerhaave syndrome
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246:Christian humanist
203:Gerard van Swieten
193:Burchard de Volder
1358:Project Gutenberg
1295:978-0-226-67760-6
1277:Annals of Science
483:Boerhaave-courses
360:medical doctorate
254:Santorio Santorio
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189:Academic advisors
128:Scientific career
79:23 September 1738
18:Hermann Boerhaave
16:(Redirected from
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1381:Herman Boerhaave
1367:Internet Archive
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1437:1738 deaths
1432:1668 births
1266:philosophus
1192: Boerh
557:ontological
545:mechanistic
385:Hippocratis
270:Hippocrates
95:Nationality
1426:Categories
1077:9004070435
968:7 February
822:References
368:Gelderland
336:philosophy
317:Protestant
301:trekschuit
289:Oegstgeest
57:1668-12-31
591:Aristotle
448:Boerhavia
362:from the
276:Biography
250:physician
103:Education
1344:Archived
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561:esoteric
468:Asteroid
439:Voltaire
402:Alderman
348:Epicurus
324:divinity
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297:Linnaeus
238:botanist
138:Medicine
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320:pastor
313:Leiden
248:, and
229:Dutch:
214:Boerh.
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155:Theses
134:Fields
87:Leiden
1372:Works
1243:JSTOR
1005:JSTOR
925:times
908:(PDF)
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855:JSTOR
601:Works
587:Galen
517:Dutch
311:near
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1290:ISBN
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589:and
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