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Henschel Hs 130

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29: 252:" project, and was very different from the Hs 130A, featuring a shorter wing span, remotely controlled defensive armament, a more extensively glazed (but still pressurized) cabin and up to 4,000 kg (8,800 lb) of bombs. Three prototypes, V1, V2, and V3 were built, with V1 and V2 were powered by 310:
engine. Another difference from the Hs 130A was the nose, which was extended forward to offset the weight of the HZ-Anlage engine in the fuselage. Also underwing fuel tanks could be fitted to provide fuel for three engines, and air scoops were fitted under the fuselage to supply the fuselage engine.
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Three prototype Hs 130Es were built; Hs 130E V1 first flew in September 1942, and could reach 12,500 m (41,010 ft) when HZ-Anlage was employed. Hs 130E V2, first flown in November 1942, was lost on its seventh flight due to an engine fire; V3 was built to replace it. An order for seven
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R engines – each with a single-stage supercharger, retractable landing gear, and a bay in the rear to house two Rb75/30 cameras for reconnaissance. The five Hs 130A-0s subsequently underwent trials and testing, which revealed significant problems with the aircraft performance, and reliability
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power boosting, and under-wing drop tanks, and being ready for flight testing in November 1943, demonstrating an absolute ceiling of 15,500 m (50,570 ft). The Hs 130A-0/U6 variant as well as the other Hs 130A-0s proved unsatisfactory and were never flown operationally.
302:, the only purpose of which was to power a large supercharger to supply air to the wing-mounted DB 603B engines. Such a system had first been tried some twenty-five years previously, on the R.30/16 example of the 323:
s which were to have a remotely controlled defensive armament and provisions for underwing bombs. The order was cancelled due to continuing problems suffered by the Hs 130E-0's HZ-Anlange system. An
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radials, and V3, featuring full armament, was powered with a pair of Germany's largest displacement — at some 44.5 litres apiece — inline inverted V-12s, the
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prototypes, which first flew on 11 April 1939, with the second prototype flying on 20 February 1940. Both prototypes were research aircraft, used for testing
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was planned, which was hoped to solve the problems with HZ-Anlage, by using four supercharged BMW 801 engines, but was never built.
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Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix.
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bombers, but production plans were abandoned. Further development of the Hs 130 as a reconnaissance aircraft continued with the
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While trials of the two prototypes were not successful, the potential of a high altitude aircraft caught the attention of
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German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945
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s special reconnaissance unit. Rowehl's interest in the Hs 128's potential for high-altitude reconnaissance missions led
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inverted V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine 1,750 PS (1,730 hp; 1,290 kW)at 2,100 m (6,900 ft)
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to instruct Henschel to continue development of the Hs 128 as a reconnaissance aircraft under the designation
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was almost the same as the Hs 130A, but with a bomb bay in place of the camera bay, but was never built. The
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Hitler's Luftwaffe: A pictorial history and technical encyclopedia of Hitler's air power in World War II
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system in place of conventional superchargers. HZ-Anlage installed a third engine in the fuselage, a
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Three prototype aircraft Hs 130 As were built, the first flying on 23 May 1940. Five pre-production
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inverted V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine 1,475 PS (1,455 hp; 1,085 kW) driving the
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s followed, first flying in May 1943, together with a production order was placed for 100
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515 km/h (320 mph, 278 kn) at 12,000 m (39,000 ft)
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610 km/h (380 mph, 330 kn) at 14,000 m (46,000 ft)
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A engine. The three prototypes were flown in 1942-43 to compete with the
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Further development of the Hs 130 led to bomber variants. The planned
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Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 Vol.2 – Flugzeugtypen Erla-Heinkel
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Two further modified Hs 130A-0s was produced under the designation
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wings. Different engines powered the two prototypes; the V1 by
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bomber, with the Brown-Boveri supercharger in it powered by a
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s followed, being delivered in early 1941, and featured
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War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Ten Bombers
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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(1990). 465:196 kg/m (40 lb/sq ft) 3409:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft 518:List of military aircraft of Germany 366:33.01 m (108 ft 4 in) 420:supercharger in the centre fuselage 248:was built as a competitor for the " 13: 767:Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 426:4-bladed constant-speed propellers 14: 3420: 378:84.9 m (914 sq ft) 372:5.6 m (18 ft 4 in) 221:and featured a greater wingspan, 780:Wagner, Ray and Nowarra, Heinz. 384:12,200 kg (26,896 lb) 360:22 m (72 ft 2 in) 33:Henschel Hs 130E prototype with 27: 3399:World War II bombers of Germany 687: 396:18,136 kg (39,983 lb) 390:16,682 kg (36,778 lb) 787:Wood, Tony and Gunston, Bill. 539:Dressel and Greil 1994, p.166. 459:15,100 m (49,500 ft) 142: 1: 3350:Assigned to captured aircraft 608:Green 1968, pp. 130–131. 523: 3384:1940s German bomber aircraft 3356:Propaganda/cover designation 784:. New York: Doubleday, 1971. 733:Warplanes of the Third Reich 7: 496:North American XB-28 Dragon 469: 296:Höhen Zentrale (HZ)-Anlage 10: 3425: 698:. London:Aerospace, 1999. 696:Warplanes of the Luftwaffe 665:Nowarra, Heinz J. (1993). 331:Specifications (Hs 130E-0) 3337: 3107:Post-349 (non-sequential) 3106: 2827: 2244: 1630: 995: 842: 728:. London:Macdonald, 1968. 110: 105: 93: 85: 73: 63: 47: 42: 26: 21: 747:Munson, Kenneth (1978). 711:Bombers of the Luftwaffe 16:German military aircraft 481:Junkers Ju 86P / Ju 86R 345:General characteristics 638:Green 1968, pp.26, 28. 135:aircraft developed in 837:aircraft and missiles 694:Donald, David.(ed.). 304:Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI 491:Messerschmitt Me 261 414:Daimler-Benz DB 605T 404:Daimler-Benz DB 603B 168:Daimler-Benz DB 601s 3344:Unofficial/proposed 551:Donald 1999, p.147. 394:Max takeoff weight: 258:Daimler-Benz DB 603 185:, commander of the 43:General information 765:Nowarra, Heinz J. 196:Reich Air Ministry 153:pressurized cabins 124:was a German high- 3404:Low-wing aircraft 3389:Henschel aircraft 3366: 3365: 950: 949: 652:Green 1968, p.28. 629:Green 1968, p.24. 599:Green 1968, p.22. 174:. 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2016: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1944: 1942: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 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1069: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1001: 1000: 998: 994: 989: 985: 978: 973: 971: 966: 964: 959: 958: 955: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 844: 841: 836: 829: 824: 822: 817: 815: 810: 809: 806: 798: 797:0-86101-005-1 794: 790: 786: 783: 779: 776: 775:3-7637-5464-4 772: 768: 764: 760: 758:0-7137-0860-3 754: 750: 745: 742: 741:0-356-02382-6 738: 734: 730: 727: 723: 720: 719:1-85409-140-9 716: 712: 708: 705: 704:1-874023-56-5 701: 697: 693: 692: 678: 676:3-7637-5464-4 672: 668: 661: 659: 649: 647: 645: 635: 626: 620:, p. 94. 619: 614: 605: 596: 594: 585: 583:9780851778365 579: 575: 568: 566: 564: 562: 560: 558: 548: 546: 536: 534: 529: 519: 516: 515: 514: 513: 512:Related lists 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 477: 476: 464: 463:Wing loading: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 445:Cruise speed: 443: 440: 437: 436: 435: 433: 425: 422: 419: 415: 411: 408: 405: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 388:Gross weight: 386: 383: 382:Empty weight: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 349: 348: 346: 341: 340: 337: 328: 326: 322: 318: 312: 309: 308:Mercedes D.II 305: 301: 297: 293: 283: 281: 277: 274: 270: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 238: 235: 234:nitrous oxide 232: 228: 224: 220: 215: 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 190: 189: 184: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 160:superchargers 158: 154: 150: 140: 138: 134: 130: 127: 123: 114:11 April 1939 113: 109: 104: 101: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 78: 76: 72: 69: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 36: 30: 25: 20: 3359: 3341:Not assigned 1805: 1795: 896: 886: 788: 781: 766: 748: 732: 725: 710: 695: 688:Bibliography 666: 634: 625: 613: 604: 573: 511: 510: 474: 473: 462: 456: 450: 444: 438: 431: 429: 423: 417: 409: 399: 393: 387: 381: 375: 369: 363: 357: 351: 344: 342: 338: 335: 334: 324: 320: 316: 313: 295: 291: 289: 279: 245: 241: 239: 219:Hs 130A-0/U6 218: 216: 206: 204: 199: 186: 180: 176:landing gear 148: 146: 137:World War II 121: 119: 111:First flight 97: 94:Primary user 75:Manufacturer 68:Nazi Germany 34: 3353:Unconfirmed 2296:Me 209 (II) 618:Munson 1978 432:Performance 424:Propellers: 410:Powerplant: 400:Powerplant: 225:B engines, 143:Development 3373:Categories 2828:301 to 349 2292:Me 209 (I) 2245:201 to 300 1631:101 to 200 524:References 418:HZ-Anlange 376:Wing area: 266:Focke-Wulf 207:Hs 130A-0' 164:cantilever 364:Wingspan: 336:Data from 321:Hs 130E-1 317:Hs 130E-0 188:Luftwaffe 99:Luftwaffe 55:research/ 35:HZ-Anlage 2880:Zwilling 996:1 to 100 942:Hs P.122 835:Henschel 470:See also 250:Bomber B 126:altitude 80:Henschel 59:aircraft 53:altitude 3282:ZSO 523 3242:DFS 468 3227:DFS 446 3193:ZMe 423 3083:DFS 346 3059:WNF 342 3005:DFS 332 3000:DFS 331 2956:ZMe 323 2835:DFS 301 2596:Me 261w 2425:DFS 230 2407:DFS 228 2402:FGP 227 2262:DFS 203 2198:DFS 194 2193:DFS 193 1707:He 111U 1693:Bf 109R 937:Hs P.87 370:Height: 358:Length: 325:Hs 130F 300:DB 605T 292:Hs 130E 280:Hs 130D 273:Junkers 254:BMW 801 246:Hs 130C 242:Hs 130B 200:Hs 130A 106:History 3329:Ju 635 3325:He 635 3321:Do 635 3316:Ar 632 3311:Me 609 3306:Me 600 3301:He 535 3297:Do 535 3287:Ar 532 3272:He 519 3267:Me 510 3262:Me 509 3257:He 500 3252:Fw 491 3247:Ju 488 3237:Me 462 3232:Ju 452 3217:Ar 440 3212:Do 435 3207:Ar 432 3202:Ka 430 3198:Ar 430 3188:He 419 3183:Do 417 3178:Me 410 3173:Me 409 3168:Ta 400 3163:Ar 396 3158:Ar 393 3153:Fw 391 3148:Ju 390 3143:Ju 388 3138:Me 368 3133:Me 364 3128:Me 362 3123:Ju 356 3119:Fi 356 3114:Ju 352 3098:Ba 349 3088:Rk 347 3078:Go 345 3073:So 344 3069:Rk 344 3064:He 343 3049:Ar 340 3044:Fl 339 3034:Ju 337 3029:Fa 336 3024:Do 335 3019:Me 334 3015:Ar 334 3010:Fi 333 2995:Fa 330 2990:Me 329 2985:Me 328 2980:Me 327 2970:Fw 325 2966:Fa 325 2952:Me 323 2947:Ju 322 2942:Me 321 2937:Me 320 2932:He 319 2927:Do 318 2922:Do 317 2912:Hs 315 2887:Me 310 2875:Me 309 2819:Fw 300 2814:Ju 299 2809:Hs 298 2804:Hs 297 2799:Hs 296 2795:Ar 296 2790:Hs 295 2785:Hs 294 2780:Hs 293 2775:Hs 292 2771:As 292 2766:Hs 291 2761:Ju 290 2756:Ju 289 2751:Ju 288 2747:Do 288 2742:Ju 287 2737:Ju 286 2732:Fl 285 2727:Fa 284 2722:Fa 283 2717:Fl 282 2712:He 281 2707:He 280 2702:He 279 2697:He 278 2692:He 277 2687:He 276 2682:He 275 2677:He 274 2672:He 273 2667:He 272 2662:We 271 2657:He 270 2652:Fa 269 2647:Ju 268 2642:Ho 267 2637:Go 266 2633:Fa 266 2628:Me 265 2624:Fl 265 2619:Me 264 2601:Me 262 2592:Me 261 2582:Fw 259 2572:SK 257 2567:Fi 256 2557:Ta 254 2553:Ho 254 2548:Ho 253 2544:Fi 253 2539:Ju 252 2534:Ho 252 2529:Ho 251 2524:Ho 250 2520:BV 250 2515:Ju 248 2505:BV 246 2500:Go 245 2495:Go 244 2490:Me 243 2485:Go 242 2480:Go 241 2475:Ar 240 2465:BV 238 2460:BV 237 2455:Fa 236 2450:Do 235 2445:Ar 234 2440:Ar 233 2435:Ar 232 2430:Ar 231 2416:Ho 229 2412:Go 229 2397:Ho 226 2393:BV 226 2388:Fa 225 2384:Ao 225 2379:Fa 224 2374:Fa 223 2369:BV 222 2364:Do 221 2359:He 220 2354:He 219 2349:Do 218 2344:Hs 217 2340:Do 217 2335:Do 216 2330:Do 215 2325:Do 214 2315:Do 212 2306:Hü 211 2301:Me 210 2287:Me 208 2277:Fw 206 2267:Si 204 2257:Si 202 2252:Si 201 2236:Fw 200 2232:Do 200 2227:Ar 199 2222:Ar 198 2217:Ar 197 2212:Ar 196 2207:Ar 195 2202:Me 194 2189:Ao 193 2184:Ao 192 2179:Fw 191 2174:Fw 190 2169:Fw 189 2164:Ju 188 2160:Fw 188 2155:Ju 187 2151:Fw 187 2146:Ju 186 2142:Fw 186 2137:Fl 185 2132:Fl 184 2127:Ta 183 2123:Bü 183 2118:Bü 182 2113:Bü 181 2108:He 180 2104:Bü 180 2099:He 179 2094:He 178 2089:He 177 2084:He 176 2074:He 174 2069:He 173 2064:He 172 2059:He 171 2054:He 170 2049:Fi 169 2044:Fi 168 2039:Fi 167 2034:FK 166 2030:Fi 166 2025:Bf 165 2015:Me 163 2011:Li 163 2007:Bf 163 2002:He 162 1998:Bf 162 1993:Bf 161 1988:Ju 160 1983:Fw 159 1978:Fi 158 1973:Fi 157 1968:Fi 156 1963:Me 155 1959:Kl 155 1955:BV 155 1950:Ta 154 1946:Kl 154 1941:Ta 153 1937:Kl 153 1932:Ta 152 1928:Kl 152 1923:Kl 151 1918:Go 150 1913:Go 149 1908:Go 148 1903:Ju 147 1899:Go 147 1894:Go 146 1889:Go 145 1884:BV 144 1879:BV 143 1874:BV 142 1869:BV 141 1864:Ha 140 1859:Ha 139 1854:BV 138 1849:Ha 137 1844:Hü 136 1840:Ha 136 1835:Ha 135 1830:Bü 134 1825:Bü 133 1820:Hs 132 1816:Bü 132 1811:Bü 131 1806:Hs 130 1801:Hs 129 1796:Hs 128 1791:Hs 127 1786:Hs 126 1781:Hs 125 1776:Hs 124 1771:Hs 123 1766:Hs 122 1761:Hs 121 1756:He 120 1751:He 119 1746:He 118 1741:Hs 117 1737:He 117 1732:He 116 1727:He 115 1722:He 114 1717:He 113 1712:He 112 1703:He 111 1698:Bf 110 1689:Bf 109 1684:Bf 108 1679:Kl 107 1674:Kl 106 1669:Kl 105 1664:Fh 104 1652:Fi 103 1648:Al 103 1643:Al 102 1638:Al 101 1622:He 100 1618:Fi 100 1498:FZG 76 1332:DFS 54 1238:DFS 40 1229:DFS 39 932:Hs 298 927:Hs 297 922:Hs 296 917:Hs 295 912:Hs 294 907:Hs 293 902:Hs 132 897:Hs 130 892:Hs 129 887:Hs 128 882:Hs 127 877:Hs 126 872:Hs 125 867:Hs 124 862:Hs 123 857:Hs 122 852:Hs 121 847:Hs 117 795:  773:  755:  739:  717:  702:  673:  580:  451:Range: 276:Ju 288 269:Fw 191 223:DB 605 211:DB 601 162:, and 157:engine 149:Hs 128 133:bomber 86:Status 37:fitted 22:Hs 130 3292:8-534 3277:8-520 3222:8-445 3093:8-348 3054:8-341 3039:8-338 2975:8-326 2961:8-324 2917:8-316 2907:8-314 2902:8-313 2897:8-312 2892:8-311 2870:8-308 2865:8-307 2860:8-306 2855:8-305 2850:8-304 2845:8-303 2840:8-302 2587:8-260 2577:8-258 2562:8-255 2510:8-247 2470:8-239 2421:8-230 2320:8-213 2311:8-212 2282:8-207 2272:8-205 2079:8-175 1613:Fi 99 1608:Fi 98 1603:Fi 97 1598:Ar 96 1593:Ar 95 1588:Ju 94 1583:Ju 93 1578:Ju 92 1573:Ju 91 1568:Ju 90 1563:Ju 89 1558:Ju 88 1553:Ju 87 1548:Ju 86 1543:Ju 85 1538:Al 84 1523:Ar 81 1518:Ar 80 1513:Ar 79 1508:Ar 78 1503:Ar 77 1494:Ar 76 1489:Al 75 1484:He 74 1479:He 73 1474:He 72 1469:He 71 1460:He 70 1455:Ar 69 1450:Ar 68 1445:Ar 67 1440:He 66 1436:Ar 66 1431:He 65 1427:Ar 65 1422:He 64 1418:Ar 64 1413:He 63 1404:He 62 1400:Fw 62 1395:He 61 1391:Fw 61 1387:Fa 61 1382:Ju 60 1378:He 60 1373:He 59 1368:He 58 1364:Fw 58 1359:Fw 57 1350:Fw 56 1345:NR 55 1341:Fw 55 1336:NR 54 1327:Ju 53 1322:Ju 52 1318:He 52 1313:He 51 1308:Ju 50 1304:He 50 1299:Ju 49 1295:He 49 1290:Ju 48 1285:He 47 1281:Fw 47 1276:Ju 46 1272:He 46 1267:He 45 1262:Fw 44 1257:Fw 43 1252:He 42 1248:Fw 42 1243:He 41 1234:BV 40 1224:Ju 38 1220:He 38 1215:He 37 1210:Kl 36 1205:Kl 35 1200:Ju 34 1195:Ju 33 1190:Kl 32 1185:Kl 31 1180:Fw 30 1175:Do 29 1161:Kl 27 1157:Do 27 1148:Kl 26 1144:Do 26 1139:Kl 25 1135:Do 25 1130:Do 24 1125:Do 23 1120:Do 22 1110:Do 20 1105:Do 19 1100:Do 18 1095:Do 17 1090:Wn 16 1086:Do 16 1081:Do 15 1076:Do 14 1071:Do 13 1066:Do 12 1057:Wn 11 1053:Do 11 1048:Do 10 1028:DFS 6 352:Crew: 227:Hirth 192:' 51:High 1533:8-83 1528:8-82 1465:8-71 1409:8-63 1355:8-57 1171:8-29 1166:8-28 1153:8-27 1115:8-21 1062:8-12 1043:Gö 9 1038:Gö 8 1023:Fi 5 1008:Fi 2 988:list 793:ISBN 771:ISBN 753:ISBN 737:ISBN 715:ISBN 700:ISBN 671:ISBN 578:ISBN 412:1 × 402:2 × 290:The 271:and 231:GM-1 131:and 120:The 48:Type 1033:8-7 1018:8-4 1013:8-3 1003:8-1 3375:: 657:^ 643:^ 592:^ 556:^ 544:^ 532:^ 264:, 202:. 178:. 155:, 3327:/ 3323:/ 3299:/ 3200:/ 3121:/ 3071:/ 3017:/ 2968:/ 2954:/ 2797:/ 2773:/ 2749:/ 2635:/ 2626:/ 2612:/ 2608:/ 2594:/ 2555:/ 2546:/ 2522:/ 2423:/ 2414:/ 2395:/ 2386:/ 2342:/ 2313:/ 2294:/ 2234:/ 2200:/ 2191:/ 2162:/ 2153:/ 2144:/ 2125:/ 2106:/ 2032:/ 2013:/ 2009:/ 2000:/ 1961:/ 1957:/ 1948:/ 1939:/ 1930:/ 1901:/ 1842:/ 1818:/ 1739:/ 1705:/ 1691:/ 1657:R 1650:/ 1620:/ 1496:/ 1467:/ 1438:/ 1429:/ 1420:/ 1411:/ 1402:/ 1393:/ 1389:/ 1380:/ 1366:/ 1357:/ 1343:/ 1334:/ 1320:/ 1306:/ 1297:/ 1283:/ 1274:/ 1250:/ 1236:/ 1222:/ 1173:/ 1159:/ 1155:/ 1146:/ 1137:/ 1088:/ 1064:/ 1055:/ 990:) 986:( 976:e 969:t 962:v 827:e 820:t 813:v 799:. 777:. 761:. 743:. 721:. 706:. 679:. 586:. 354:3

Index


altitude
reconnaissance
Nazi Germany
Manufacturer
Henschel
Luftwaffe
altitude
reconnaissance
bomber
World War II
pressurized cabins
engine
superchargers
cantilever
Daimler-Benz DB 601s
Junkers Jumo 210s
landing gear
Theodor Rowehl
Luftwaffe
Reich Air Ministry
DB 601
DB 605
Hirth
GM-1
nitrous oxide
Bomber B
BMW 801
Daimler-Benz DB 603
Dornier Do 317

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