785:
319:), Wellington, again for Fuller's, opening in 1912, for which he relocated his practice to that city. In 1913 he gave an interview outlining his particular interest in the design of theatres, especially concerned with sightlines, and also claimed to have already built or rebuilt nearly 10 theatres in New Zealand, This is probably an exaggeration, but many more theatres and 'picture theatres' (early ones also had stages suitable for live performances) soon followed both in New Zealand and in Australia, with seven in 1916 alone, many for Fullers. The 1910s was something of a high point for theatre construction, with increasing leisure time and just before cinema boomed in popularity, especially in New Zealand where even quite small towns had at least one live theatre.
841:
869:
342:, Carroll and Coyle who established the Wintergarden theatre circuit, especially prominent in rural Queensland, with White designed theatres built in the later 1920s in Townsville, Rockhampton and Ipswich, as well as one in Rose Bay, Sydney (all now demolished). While Townsville was Spanish in style the others had restrained Neoclassical auditoriums, with Ipswich and Rockhampton featuring large relatively plain brick facades. His designs for the later 1920s St James, Auckland and the Civic Theatre Newcastle have an elaborate Spanish flavour, with elements seen in his 1920s cinema designs, and are versions of each other.
813:
715:
757:
33:
827:
799:
362:. The palatial State, with its lavish use of marble, gold and ivory decoration, paintings and sculpture, is the most elaborate design associated with White. The street foyer is an elaborate Gothic fantasy with a gilded fan-vaulted ceiling, the lobby a grand domed classical room with Baroque curved stairs, and the auditorium features rococo detailing, multiple crystal chandeliers and a coffered domed ceiling. Even the 'retiring rooms' are elaborate, ranging from the clubby 'Pioneer Room', to the delicately painted 'Butterfly Room', and the angular 'Futurist Room'.
855:
729:
408:
743:
279:
334:
earlier designs had
Spanish / Mediterranean style exteriors, notably the 1913 Tivoli in Brisbane, and four smaller theatres now all demolished (Everybody's, Gisborne, The Cosy, Masterton, the Grand, Petone, and the Majestic, Brisbane). Art Nouveau also made an appearance, notably the Secession inspired exterior of the Strand, Christchurch (dem), and the interior of the Hawkes Bay Opera House (which has a Spanish exterior). From the early 1920s, his theatre designs generally adopted a refined
704:
379:, a title that White apparently gave himself. Thorne's research has found about 40 theatres and cinemas altogether, of which the majority have been demolished or completely altered. He also suggests that White may not have been the principal designer for all the works his office produced, but may have come from his staff, for instance the Spanish style was mainly used in 1914β15 during the tenure of office manager architect Lewis Kaberry, who went on to design many theatres later as
771:
416:
287:
383:(for instance the Spanish style New Malvern in Melbourne in 1921). As well as the two major cinemas that were essentially Eberson designs (but whose involvement was downplayed at the time), the State and Capitol in Sydney, his major projects in the late 1920s were certainly overseen by his staff rather than White, and may have been designed by them as well. Eric Heath, who left in mid-1928, went on to design the elaborate Spanish style
326:, who had been the premier theatre architect in Australasia from the late 1890s, Henry Eli White became the premier theatre designer in Australia and New Zealand. He not only designed entirely new theatres, but theatre design often involved the creation of new or renovated auditoriums in existing theatres, of which he did three in Melbourne and at least three in Sydney, as well as various minor alterations.
1183:
240:, are unknown. By 1935 he was back in Sydney at his (heavily mortgaged) Point Piper house, which became a reception centre managed by Claire Whitcombe from New Zealand, who supplanted his wife. Though replacing his car with an older one, he kept his yacht, sailing and winning races in 1936. He proposed a 9-storey block of flats for his houses' garden in 1937, but this was rejected by
366:
offices above St James' were
Neoclassical. The three βchambersβ buildings in Sydney were all different, with Hengrove Hall adopting an elaborate Tudor style (based on the English original), Stanton House in a restrained vertical Art Deco style, and Chalfont in a more decorative rectilinear Jazz Moderne. The design for the massive
374:
White is said to have β...designed over 130 theatres.", but this number is certainly an exaggeration since nowhere near this many (live) theatres existed in the 1910s and 20s in all the cities and towns of
Australasia. It seems that White was prone to exaggeration and self-aggrandisement, as theatre
345:
He also designed a number of cinemas throughout his career, which often included staging facilities for intermission shows, and were usually known as theatres. Though there were other more prolific designers in this field, he is known for designing major picture palaces in Sydney and
Melbourne, all
333:
interiors with lush plaster decoration and gilded highlights. Elements were often repeated in different designs in different cities, such as the tiers of paired side boxes, with columns and caryatids, seen at His
Majesty's, Wellington and the Grand Opera House/Adelphi in Sydney (dem). Some of his
220:
by 1913, and soon moved his family there. He ran a very successful architectural practice though the 1910s and into the 1920s, designing numerous theatres and cinemas in both countries, as well as other commercial projects mainly in the Sydney area in the 1920s. By the late 1920s, he was able to
365:
He also designed a number of other buildings through the 1920s in a variety of styles. The six-storey
Midland Hotel (1925, demolished) in Wellington was Spanish style, the State Shopping Block above the State Theatre was 1920s Commercial Gothic, matching the style of the street foyer, while the
299:
theatrical management company. Using his engineering skills he replaced the six posts that supported the balcony along the front that blocked views (up until then a common practice) with three steel posts set back from the front in late 1909. The next year he performed the same 'trick' at the
183:, New Zealand, son of English migrant parents Joseph Eli White and wife Susanna. Joseph Eli White established himself as a bricklayer then a builder and contractor, and by the 1900s he had built many major landmarks in Dunedin, and been elected Councillor and Mayor of the municipality of
269:
He died there aged 75 on 3 March 1952, survived by his estranged wife and two sons, and was cremated with
Anglican rites. He had reputedly earned over Β£1 million in architectural fees in his heyday, but after 22 years with no architectural work, his probate was only valued at Β£1147.
190:
Henry appears to have left school at an early age, and probably joined his father's contracting business then established his own business as a builder in 1896. He married
Margaret Hallinan at Dunedin on 24 December 1900 and they had four children.
294:
In 1909, having established himself as a builder of large projects, and then as an engineer in
Christchurch, White's career as an architectural designer began with a commission to improve the Princess Theatre in his home town of Dunedin by
471:, 30 Bourke Street, Melbourne (new auditorium and lobbies for the 1912 Brennan's Amphitheatre). White redecorated and altered the boxes in 1923. Proscenium removed 1955, converted to nightclub 1980s, all decoration removed 2016.
370:
was a bold
Stripped Classical style with a large cornice (though the built version was much simplified), and the Newcastle City Hall is an outstanding example of the Inter-War Academic Classical, executed in sandstone.
307:, which involved inserting a whole new auditorium, with a balcony supported on only three posts set well back. This was his first foray into architecture as an art, designing the decoration of the interior in gilt
311:
plasterwork, typical for theatres at the time. He followed this with His Majesty's, Blenheim (dem), the next year, his first complete building; the auditorium repeated many of the features he used in Timaru.
491:
1919 National (Amphi-)Theatre/ Fullers, 73 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (interior rebuild of National Amphitheatre, rebuilt Art Deco style 1934 and renamed Mayfair Theatre, demolished 1984).
395:. Thorne suggests that the loss of these capable employees, coupled with his frequent absences (on his yacht and overseas), contributed to the complete collapse of his practice when the
1112:
198:
where he worked as builder and manufacturer of building supplies and equipment, and moved into engineering. He was the builder or contractor for the Royal Exchange Building and
419:
The Hastings Municipal Theatre designed by Henry Eli White in the Spanish Mission style. The theatre was opened in 1915 and is now known at the Hawke's Bay Opera House.
784:
329:
The architectural styles White used were generally typical for their eras. His early theatres had restrained classical or Edwardian Baroque exteriors, and Rococo or
1328:
905:
457:
1915 Tivoli Theatre and Roof Garden, Albert Street (now King George Square), Brisbane, Queensland (interior rebuilt 1927, building demolished 1965).
728:
236:, and soon moved there and closed the Sydney office, but it did not eventuate. His activities in the next few years, other than owning a farm near
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756:
868:
225:, a yacht and a luxury car. At over six feet (180 cm) tall, and weighing more than 16 stone (100 kg), he was known as 'Big Henry'.
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350:
in the bayside suburb of St Kilda, Melbourne, built in 1927. In Sydney, he was the architect for the interior remodelling that produced the
346:
of which still exist. His largest cinema commission, and still the largest in Australia with nearly 3000 seats, was the eclectically-styled
1965:
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812:
1921:
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1930 St James Building office block, above the lobby of the earlier St James Theatre, Elizabeth Street, Sydney (demolished 1971).
826:
798:
679:
358:, who is also noted as 'co-designer' with White for the other surviving Picture Palace in Sydney, the 1929 'Louis XIV' style
339:
262:, but after disappointing earnings closed it in 1948 when he finally sold the Point Piper house and moved to a small flat at
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1425:
123:
in the 1910s and 1920s. Many of the major surviving historic venues in the two countries are White designs, including the
1891:
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854:
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1925 Wintergarden, Alma Street, Rockhampton, Queensland (closed 1974, auditorium demolished c2005, rest demolished 2013).
1960:
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at the Haymarket in 1928, though the 'atmospheric' Florentine Garden interior is largely credited to US architect
1970:
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672:
160:
488:
1917 Majestic (renamed Elizabethan Theatre 1955), 1 Erskineville Road, Newtown, Sydney (destroyed by fire 1980).
338:, seen at the Princess Theatre and the Athenaeum, both in Melbourne. He was the chief architect for the firm of
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206:(and both now demolished). In 1909 he won the contract for a major tunnel required as an upgrade of the
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468:
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323:
232:, when new projects dried up completely. In 1930 he won a competition for a college to be built in
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maintain a flamboyant lifestyle with a large harbour-front house in the exclusive Sydney suburb of
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More theatres quickly followed, and after gaining commissions in Australia, he opened an office in
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544:
391:, who left in 1929, went on to design a number of theatres and cinemas in the 1930s, notably the
388:
367:
351:
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627:, and includes the attached high rise State Shopping Block, now offices), 49 Market St, Sydney.
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587:
1917 Strand Theatre (later the Plaza), Cathedral Square, Christchurch, New Zealand (demolished)
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1916 Everybody's Theatre, Hastings Street, Napier, New Zealand (destroyed in 1931 earthquake).
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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1922 Regent Theatre, 124 Little Malop Street, Geelong (only very altered exterior survives).
1955:
1950:
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32:
1093:. No. 13, 134. New South Wales, Australia. 4 March 1952. p. 7 (LATE FINAL EXTRA)
8:
638:
567:
1916 The Strand (later Mayfair, then Cinerama), Queen Street, Auckland (demolished 1984).
505:
485:
1932), 329 Castlereagh Street, Sydney (interior rebuild of the Adelphi, demolished 1969).
152:
112:
1002:
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598:
1869:
527:, NSW (extensive reconstruction) Became nightclub in 1991, building for sale in 2019.
380:
241:
184:
1925:. Vol. XXXIX, no. 1102. New South Wales, Australia. 8 May 1929. p. 14
1231:
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1915 Hastings Municipal Theatre (now Hawke's Bay Opera House), 106 Hastings Street,
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558:
396:
210:
407:
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644:
1925 Midland Hotel, 151 Lambton Quay, Wellington, New Zealand (demolished 1980s).
248:
494:
1921 Theatre Royal, 100 King Street, Sydney (interior rebuild, demolished 1972).
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594:
533:
1928 Wintergarden, 622 New South Head Road, Rose Bay, Sydney (demolished 1987).
508:, 188 Collins Street, Melbourne (construction of theatre within existing hall).
347:
315:
Then in 1911 came his first commission for a large theatre, His Majesty's (now
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144:
1916:
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1915 Majestic Theatre (later Odeon), Queen Street, Brisbane (demolished 1981).
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1944:
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908:(468), State Library of NSW, MANUSCRIPTS, ORAL HISTORY AND PICTURES CATALOGUE
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The year after that he was employed to completely remodel the Theatre Royal,
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1926 Fox Film Corporation Film Store, Goulbourne Street, Sydney (demolished)
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1065:. No. 31, 152. New South Wales, Australia. 5 November 1937. p. 10
1037:. No. 29, 007. New South Wales, Australia. 23 December 1930. p. 6
624:
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540:(originally His Majesty's), 314 Queen Street, Auckland (closed since 2007).
355:
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195:
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1927 Wintergarden, Sturt Street, Townsville, Queensland (demolished 1991).
415:
222:
104:
520:
1927 Star Theatre, Bronte Road, Bondi Junction, Sydney (demolished 1981)
652:
501:, 163 Spring Street, Melbourne (new auditorium and rearranged lobbies).
335:
286:
511:
1925 Wintergarden, East Street, Ipswich, Queensland (demolished 1979).
574:
156:
120:
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451:
233:
891:, 2015, People & Physical Environment Research, Palm Beach NSW
691:
1930 Chalfont Chambers, 142-44 Phillip Street, Sydney (demolished)
685:
1929 Hengrove Hall (medical suites), 193 Macquarie Street, Sydney.
658:
1926, Law Court Chambers, 191 Queen Street, Melbourne (demolished)
517:
1926 St James Theatre, Elizabeth Street, Sydney (demolished 1971).
180:
55:
707:
Hastings Municipal Theatre, Hastings, Art Nouveau interior, 1915
609:
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430:
308:
304:
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217:
140:
70:
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1913 Alhambra Karangahape Road Auckland as Tivoli in the 1930s
228:
His architectural career ended abruptly with the onset of the
1212:. No. 1871. Victoria, Australia. 9 June 1921. p. 26
1182:
1113:"THEATRE BUILDING, THE MODERN IDEA. MR. HENRY E WHITE SPEAKS"
981:. Palm Beach NSW: People & Physical Environment Research.
688:
1929 Stanton House offices, Pitt Street, Sydney (demolished)
290:
State Theatre, Sydney, 1929, Classical Picture Palace style
1545:"Lithgow history: The past leading lady of cinema theatres"
411:
Hastings Municipal Theatre designed by Henry Eli White 1915
450:
1912 His Majesty's (later the Majestic), Victoria Avenue,
1892:"Commercial Chambers "Hengrove Hall" Including Interiors"
1470:"Price tag and big plans for eyesore CBD block revealed"
763:
Stand (later Plaza), Christchurch (rear facade), 1917
454:, New Zealand (demolished 1970s now Majestic Square).
612:(interiors only, designed with US theatre architect
1489:
1487:
282:St James Theatre Wellington, 1912, Louis XVI style
447:, 77β87 Courtenay Place, Wellington, New Zealand.
375:historian Ross Thorne discusses in his 2015 book
1942:
1484:
906:Henry E. White collection of architectural plans
584:, New Zealand (remodelled 1930s, now apartments)
194:In 1903 he relocated himself and his family to
99:(21 August 1876 β 3 March 1952), also known as
1085:"DEATH AT 75 OF NOTED CITY ARCHITECT-ENGINEER"
213:, the same year as his first theatre project.
433:, New Zealand (new auditorium and backstage).
429:1911 Theatre Royal, 118β122 Stafford Street,
1872:. The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 January 1930
1695:"cars in Queen Street, Masterton, NZ, 1940s"
247:In 1940 he started a new venture, opening a
1917:"Chalfont Chambers, Phillip Street, Sydney"
1257:"A local seat of cinema fit for 'the gods'"
1933:– via National Library of Australia.
1220:– via National Library of Australia.
1101:– via National Library of Australia.
1073:– via National Library of Australia.
1045:– via National Library of Australia.
1009:. Canberra: Australian National University
682:(east wing), Riverview, Lane Cove, Sydney.
664:1929 State Shopping Block attached to the
31:
1922:Construction And Local Government Journal
273:
1170:Department of Planning & Environment
1139:Te Ara β The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
702:
580:1916 Grand Theatre, 250 Jackson Street,
414:
406:
285:
277:
1428:. The Queensland Times. 19 January 2013
1165:New South Wales State Heritage Register
819:St James Auckland opening brochure 1928
1943:
1158:
1115:. The Mail (Adelaide). 25 January 1913
1000:
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1472:. The Morning Bulletin. 26 March 2018
1426:"Golden age of Ipswich picture shows"
1259:. Wanganui Chronicle. 12 October 2015
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1870:"ST. IGNATIUS. Additions to College"
1135:"Story: Theatres, cinemas and halls"
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623:(designed with US theatre architect
179:White was born on 21 August 1876 in
1966:20th-century New Zealand architects
1450:. Queensland Times. 16 October 2016
13:
1007:Australian Dictionary of Biography
900:Australian Dictionary of Biography
881:
833:State Theatre, Sydney, 1928, lobby
805:Palais Theatre StKilda 1927 - box
721:St James Theatre, Wellington, 1912
14:
1982:
985:
919:
557:1913 Alhambra (later Tivoli), 11
436:1912 His Majesty's, High Street,
16:New Zealand architect (1876β1952)
1279:"Tivoli Theatre and Roof Garden"
1181:
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853:
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811:
797:
783:
769:
755:
741:
727:
713:
637:1913 Wonderland Amusement Park,
631:
577:, New Zealand (demolished 1988).
547:, 375 Hunter St, Newcastle, NSW.
481:1916 Grand Opera House (renamed
402:
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1884:
1862:
1837:
1812:
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1737:
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1612:
1595:"Winter Garden Theatre Archive"
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1393:
1368:
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861:Midland Hotel, Wellington, 1925
119:he designed in New Zealand and
1824:Some lost Wellington buildings
1196:
1152:
1127:
1105:
1077:
1049:
1021:
1003:"White, Henry Eli (1876β1952)"
847:Civic Theatre, Newcastle, 1929
791:Palais Theatre, St Kilda, 1927
777:St James Theatre, Sydney, 1926
749:Tivoli Theatre, Brisbane, 1915
675:, 290 King St, Newcastle, NSW.
608:, Campbell Street, Haymarket,
561:, Auckland (demolished c1980).
1:
1599:James Cook University Library
1331:. OTAGO WITNESS. 5 April 1916
1204:"New Malvern Picture Theatre"
912:
573:1916 The Cosy, Queen Street,
230:Great Depression in Australia
125:St. James Theatre, Wellington
38:
1448:"Ipswich was mad for movies"
523:Theatre Royal, Main Street,
7:
979:The Self Styled Golden King
889:The Self Styled Golden King
538:St. James Theatre, Auckland
478:, New Zealand (demolished).
423:
377:The Self Styled Golden King
129:St. James Theatre, Auckland
10:
1987:
698:
551:
474:1916 Everybody's Theatre,
322:With the death in 1918 of
169:Newcastle, New South Wales
1845:"Bunnerong Power Station"
1062:The Sydney Morning Herald
1034:The Sydney Morning Herald
875:Newcastle City Hall, 1929
202:, both large projects on
147:and the interiors of the
86:
78:
63:
48:
30:
23:
655:, NSW (demolished 1987).
641:, Auckland (demolished).
504:1924 Athenaeum Theatre,
111:best known for the many
1961:Architects from Dunedin
1896:Search for NSW heritage
1745:"Old Wellington Region"
1376:"NATIONAL AMPHITHEATRE"
1001:Thomas, Julian (1990).
668:, 49 Market St, Sydney.
649:Bunnerong Power Station
647:1925β29 Bunnerong 'A',
545:Newcastle Civic Theatre
389:George Newton Kenworthy
368:Bunnerong Power Station
159:. He also designed the
1971:Architects from Sydney
1620:"Wintergarden Theatre"
1308:Hawkes Bay Opera House
896:Henry White(1876β1952)
708:
420:
412:
300:Auckland Opera House.
297:John Fuller & Sons
291:
283:
274:Architectural practice
67:3 March 1952 (aged 75)
1160:"Newcastle City Hall"
977:Thorne, Ross (2015).
706:
438:Blenheim, New Zealand
418:
410:
289:
281:
211:hydro-electric scheme
1849:Dictionary of Sydney
1520:"Hoyts Star Theatre"
1405:Dictionary of Sydney
1355:Dictionary of Sydney
1236:Heritage New Zealand
1380:Sydney Architecture
1057:"POINT PIPER FLATS"
680:St Ignatius College
673:Newcastle City Hall
639:Dominion Exhibition
597:, Lower Esplanade,
506:Melbourne Athenaeum
381:Kaberry & Chard
1670:"Cinerama Theatre"
1495:"St James Theatre"
1351:"Majestic Theatre"
1029:"SYDNEY ARCHITECT"
709:
440:(demolished 1970s)
421:
413:
292:
284:
200:The Press Building
1774:Kete Christchurch
445:St. James Theatre
242:Woollahra Council
185:North East Valley
163:and the attached
153:Athenaeum Theatre
94:
93:
73:, New South Wales
37:Henry Eli White,
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1799:Cinema Treasures
1795:"Regent Theatre"
1791:
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1770:"Strand Theatre"
1766:
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1724:Cinema Treasures
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1674:Cinema Treasures
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1649:Cinema Treasures
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1624:Cinema Treasures
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1574:Cinema Treasures
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1524:Cinema Treasures
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1499:Cinema Treasures
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1283:Cinema Treasures
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894:Julian Thomas, "
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559:Karangahape Road
499:Princess Theatre
397:Great Depression
393:Cremorne Orpheum
204:Cathedral Square
149:Princess Theatre
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40:
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1820:"Midland Hotel"
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264:Kings Cross
223:Point Piper
105:New Zealand
101:Harry White
82:New Zealand
79:Nationality
42: 1916
1945:Categories
1209:Table Talk
913:References
653:Matraville
336:Adam style
143:, and the
87:Occupation
1829:11 August
1804:11 August
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1304:"History"
1288:10 August
1188:CC-BY 4.0
1119:4 October
575:Masterton
161:City Hall
157:Melbourne
121:Australia
109:architect
90:Architect
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331:Louis XV
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113:theatres
103:, was a
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699:Gallery
552:Cinemas
525:Lithgow
258:, near
181:Dunedin
117:cinemas
56:Dunedin
1929:5 July
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252:quarry
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107:-born
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