2845:
5175:
2061:). The project was then essentially split up between a number of institutes, where the directors dominated the research and set their own research agendas. The point in 1942, when the army relinquished its control of the German nuclear weapons program, was the zenith of the project relative to the number of personnel. About 70 scientists worked for the program, with about 40 devoting more than half their time to nuclear fission research. After 1942, the number of scientists working on applied nuclear fission diminished dramatically. Many of the scientists not working with the main institutes stopped working on nuclear fission and devoted their efforts to more pressing war-related work.
915:
51:
2764:, it has repeatedly been claimed that scientific truth cannot be reconciled with the religious interpretation of the world. Although I am now convinced that scientific truth is unassailable in its own field, I have never found it possible to dismiss the content of religious thinking as simply part of an outmoded phase in the consciousness of mankind, a part we shall have to give up from now on. Thus in the course of my life I have repeatedly been compelled to ponder on the relationship of these two regions of thought, for I have never been able to doubt the reality of that to which they point.
717:
5344:
2163:
660:
1312:. In mid-1933, Heisenberg presented his theory of the positron. His thinking on Dirac's theory and further development of the theory were set forth in two papers. The first, "Bemerkungen zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons" ("Remarks on Dirac's theory of the positron") was published in 1934, and the second, "Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons" ("Consequences of Dirac's Theory of the Positron"), was published in 1936. In these papers Heisenberg was the first to reinterpret the
2309:
1978:, "adapted to the intellectual level of a Reichs Minister", as is often done when presenting complex and cutting-edge scientific concepts to laymen. Heisenberg lectured on the enormous energy potential of nuclear fission, stating that 250 million electron volts could be released through the fission of an atomic nucleus. Heisenberg stressed that pure U-235 had to be obtained to achieve a chain reaction. He explored various ways of obtaining isotope
2002:, the Reichs Minister of Science, Education and National Culture. At the conference, Reichs Minister Rust decided to take the nuclear project away from the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. The Reichs Research Council was to take on the project. In April 1942 the army returned the Physics Institute to the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, naming Heisenberg as Director at the Institute. With this appointment at the KWIP, Heisenberg obtained his first professorship.
1354:
1611:. ...Science no longer confronts nature as an objective observer, but sees itself as an actor in this interplay between man and nature. The scientific method of analysing, explaining and classifying has become conscious of its limitations, which arise out of the fact that by its intervention science alters and refashions the object of investigation. In other words, method and object can no longer be separated.
1965:
2489:, wrote a letter to Heisenberg inviting him to work in the USSR. The letter lauded the working conditions in the USSR and the available resources, as well as the favorable attitude of the Soviets towards German scientists. A courier hand delivered the recruitment letter, dated 18 July 1946, to Heisenberg; Heisenberg politely declined. In 1947, Heisenberg presented lectures in
5189:
1953:, was placed under HWA authority, with Diebner as the administrative director, and the military control of the nuclear research commenced. During the period when Diebner administered the KWIP under the HWA program, considerable personal and professional animosity developed between Diebner and Heisenberg's inner circle, which included
2177:
under control of the Allied military forces, but sometimes they operated in areas still under control by German forces. Berlin had been a location of many German scientific research facilities. To limit casualties and loss of equipment, many of these facilities were dispersed to other locations in the latter years of the war. The
2259:. During their detention, their conversations were recorded. Conversations thought to be of intelligence value were transcribed and translated into English. The transcripts were released in 1992. On 6 August 1945, the scientists at Farm Hall learned from media reports that the US had dropped an atomic bomb in
1973:
At a scientific conference on 26â28 February 1942 at the Kaiser
Wilhelm Institute for Physics, called by the Army Weapons Office, Heisenberg presented a lecture to Reichs officials on energy acquisition from nuclear fission. The lecture, entitled "Die theoretischen Grundlagen fĂŒr die Energiegewinnung
1484:
collaborated on a paper on dispersion, or the scattering from atoms of radiation whose wavelength is larger than the atoms. They showed that the successful formula
Kramers had developed earlier could not be based on Bohr orbits, because the transition frequencies are based on level spacings which are
905:
established a year earlier. Five decades later he recalled those days as youthful fun, like "playing cops and robbers and so on; it was nothing serious at all;" his duties were restricted to "seizing bicycles or typewriters from 'red' administrative buildings", and guarding suspected "red" prisoners.
2774:
Heisenberg referred to nature as "God's second book" (the first being the Bible) and believed that "Physics is reflection on the divine ideas of
Creation; therefore physics is divine service". This was because "God created the world in accordance with his ideas of creation" and humans can understand
1752:
and one to
Heisenberg, both on 21 July 1938. In the letter to Heydrich, Himmler said Germany could not afford to lose or silence Heisenberg, as he would be useful for teaching a generation of scientists. To Heisenberg, Himmler said the letter came on the recommendation of his family and he cautioned
891:
while receiving his scientific training in Munich, Göttingen and
Copenhagen. Heisenberg later stated that "My mind was formed by studying philosophy, Plato and that sort of thing" and that "Modern physics has definitely decided in favor of Plato. In fact the smallest units of matter are not physical
2805:
with the comment "Now here is a memoir in the form of rationally reconstructed dialogue. And the dialogue as
Galileo well knew, is itself a most insidious literary device: lively, entertaining, and especially suited for insinuating opinions while yet evading responsibility for them." Few scientific
2792:
for publication. This manuscript, he wrote to one of his publishers, was the preparatory work for his autobiography. He structured his autobiography in themes, covering: 1) The goal of exact science, 2) The problematic of language in atomic physics, 3) Abstraction in mathematics and science, 4) The
2730:
Heisenberg, a devout
Christian, wrote: "We can console ourselves that the good Lord God would know the position of the particles, thus He would let the causality principle continue to have validity", in his last letter to Albert Einstein. Einstein continued to maintain that quantum physics must be
2512:
In the period shortly after World War II, Heisenberg briefly returned to the subject of his doctoral thesis, turbulence. Three papers were published in 1948 and one in 1950. In the post-war period
Heisenberg continued his interests in cosmic-ray showers with considerations on multiple production of
2299:
saw the transcript, and drew the conclusion that
Heisenberg had done it for the first time as he made similar errors as they had. Only a week later Heisenberg gave a lecture about the physics of the bomb. He correctly recognized many essential aspects, including the efficiency of the bomb, although
2176:
The Alsos
Mission was an Allied effort to determine if the Germans had an atomic bomb program and to exploit German atomic-related facilities, research, material resources, and scientific personnel for the benefit of the US. Personnel on this operation generally swept into areas which had just come
1537:
So Heisenberg set out to formulate these results without any explicit dependence on the virtual oscillator model. To do this, he replaced the Fourier expansions for the spatial coordinates with matrices, matrices which corresponded to the transition coefficients in the virtual oscillator method. He
1997:
in its pure form, including uranium enrichment and an alternative layered method of normal uranium and a moderator in a machine. This machine, he noted, could be used in practical ways to fuel vehicles, ships and submarines. Heisenberg stressed the importance of the Army Weapons Office's financial
1700:
In 1935, the Munich Faculty drew up a list of candidates to replace Sommerfeld as ordinarius professor of theoretical physics and head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Munich. The three candidates had all been former students of Sommerfeld: Heisenberg, who had received
5162:
technology to ensure the integrity of transported matter. The compensator counteracts effects of the applied characteristics identified in Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. To accurately isolate matter prior to its entry into the transporter buffer, all particles must be located, their velocity
2796:
Heisenberg wrote his memoirs as a chain of conversations, covering the course of his life. The book became a popular success, but was regarded as troublesome by historians of science. In the preface Heisenberg wrote that he had abridged historical events, to make them more concise. At the time of
2228:
area. Heisenberg was smuggled out from Urfeld, on 3 May 1945, in an alpine operation in territory still under control by elite German forces. He was taken to Heidelberg, where, on 5 May, he met Goudsmit for the first time since the Ann Arbor visit in 1939. Germany surrendered just two days later.
2282:
was also discussed. Only a few of the scientists expressed genuine horror at the prospect of nuclear weapons, and Heisenberg himself was cautious in discussing the matter. On the failure of the German nuclear weapons program to build an atomic bomb, Heisenberg remarked, "We wouldn't have had the
2006:
was still director of the institute, but had gone on leave to the United States after he had refused to become a German citizen when the HWA took administrative control of the KWIP. Heisenberg still also had his department of physics at the University of Leipzig where work had been done for the
1565:
had used them in a paper on electrodynamics in 1912 and Born had used them in his work on the lattice theory of crystals in 1921. While matrices were used in these cases, the algebra of matrices with their multiplication did not enter the picture as they did in the matrix formulation of quantum
1606:
We can no longer speak of the behaviour of the particle independently of the process of observation. As a final consequence, the natural laws formulated mathematically in quantum theory no longer deal with the elementary particles themselves but with our knowledge of them. Nor is it any longer
1968:
A visual representation of an induced nuclear fission event where a slow-moving neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which fissions into two fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and additional neutrons. Most of the energy released is in the form of the kinetic
1741:. In this, Heisenberg was called a "White Jew" who should be made to "disappear". These attacks were taken seriously, as Jews were violently attacked and incarcerated. Heisenberg fought back with an editorial and a letter to Himmler, in an attempt to resolve the matter and regain his honour.
2290:
analyzed the transcripts, as well as the documentation of Uranverein. When the German scientists heard about the Hiroshima bomb, Heisenberg admitted that he had never calculated the critical mass of an atomic bomb before. When he subsequently attempted to calculate the mass, he made serious
2783:
In his late sixties, Heisenberg penned his autobiography for the mass market. In 1969 the book was published in Germany, in early 1971 it was published in English and in the years thereafter in a string of other languages. Heisenberg initiated the project in 1966, when his public lectures
2684:. On 24 March 1973 Heisenberg gave a speech before the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, accepting the Romano Guardini Prize. An English translation of his speech was published under the title "Scientific and Religious Truth", a quotation from which appears in a later section of this article.
1554:, began immediately to make the transcription and extension, and they submitted their results for publication; the paper was received for publication just 60 days after Heisenberg's paper. A follow-on paper was submitted for publication before the end of the year by all three authors.
1744:
At one point, Heisenberg's mother visited Himmler's mother. The two women knew each other, as Heisenberg's maternal grandfather and Himmler's father were rectors and members of a Bavarian hiking club. Eventually, Himmler settled the Heisenberg affair by sending two letters, one to SS
1034:
and was an accomplished pianist. His interest in music led to meeting his future wife. In January 1937, Heisenberg met Elisabeth Schumacher (1914â1998) at a private music recital. Elisabeth was the daughter of a well-known Berlin economics professor, and her brother was the economist
1505:
to explain the outstanding problem of the anomalous Zeeman effect, led Heisenberg to use the virtual oscillator model to try to calculate spectral frequencies. The method proved too difficult to immediately apply to realistic problems, so Heisenberg turned to a simpler example, the
1594:, who were realists who believed that particles had an objectively true momentum and position at all times (even if both could not be measured), Heisenberg was an anti-realist, arguing that direct knowledge of what is "real" was beyond the scope of science. Writing in his book
7136:
Hahn, O.; Strassmann, F. (1939). "Ăber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle" [On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons].
1541:
On 9 July, Heisenberg gave Born this paper to review and submit for publication. When Born read the paper, he recognized the formulation as one which could be transcribed and extended to the systematic language of matrices, which he had learned from his study under
1525:
in the frequency of the oscillator. Heisenberg solved for the quantum behavior by two different methods. First, he treated the system with the virtual oscillator method, calculating the transitions between the levels that would be produced by the external source.
2638:. A public discussion between scientists and politicians ensued. As prominent politicians, authors and socialites joined the debate on nuclear weapons, the signatories of the memorandum took a stand against "the full-time intellectual nonconformists".
2465:
on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany. Although he was asked to become CERN's founding scientific director, he declined. Instead, he was appointed chair of CERN's science policy committee and went on to determine the scientific program at CERN.
1688:
status. However, Sommerfeld stayed in his chair during the selection process for his successor, which took until 1 December 1939. The process was lengthy due to academic and political differences between the Munich Faculty's selection and that of the
2856:
Heisenberg died of kidney cancer at his home, on 1 February 1976. The next evening, his colleagues and friends walked in remembrance from the Institute of Physics to his home, lit a candle and placed it in front of his door. Heisenberg is buried in
1497:
model: the incoming radiation excites the valence, or outer, electron to a virtual state from which it decays. In a subsequent paper, Heisenberg showed that this virtual oscillator model could also explain the polarization of fluorescent radiation.
12206:
1477:, despite the fact that Heisenberg was not then familiar with the mathematical theory of matrices. The path leading to these results has been reconstructed by MacKinnon, and the detailed calculations are worked out by Aitchison and coauthors.
1589:
The development of quantum mechanics, and the apparently contradictory implications in regard to what is "real" had profound philosophical implications, including what scientific observations truly mean. In contrast to Albert Einstein and
1998:
and material support for this scientific endeavour. A second scientific conference followed. Lectures were heard on problems of modern physics with decisive importance for the national defense and economy. The conference was attended by
1573:. The announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 was delayed until November 1933. It was at that time announced that Heisenberg had won the Prize for 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has,
2076:; there would be no reference to the intervening states. This was the same precedent as he followed in 1925 in what turned out to be the foundation of the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics through only the use of observables.
1258:
At 25 years old, Heisenberg gained the title of the youngest full-time professor in Germany and professorial chair of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Leipzig. He taught lectures that physicists like
2738:, Heisenberg contended that scientific advances were leading to cultural conflicts. He stated that modern physics is "part of a general historical process that tends toward a unification and a widening of our present world".
1533:
that he and Born had developed. Both methods led to the same results for the first and the very complicated second-order correction terms. This suggested that behind the very complicated calculations lay a consistent scheme.
2622:, thought politicians would ignore this statement by nuclear scientists. But Heisenberg believed that the Göttinger Manifest would "influence public opinion" which politicians would have to take into account. He wrote to
2876:). In it she characterized Heisenberg as "first and foremost, a spontaneous person, thereafter a brilliant scientist, next a highly talented artist, and only in the fourth place, from a sense of duty, homo politicus."
9403:
2193:, which eventually became included in the French occupation zone. This allowed the American task force of the Alsos Mission to take into custody a large number of German scientists associated with nuclear research.
718:
2072:. The first two papers were published in 1943 and the third in 1944. The S-matrix described only the states of incident particles in a collision process, the states of those emerging from the collision, and stable
1675:
There had been many failed attempts to have Heisenberg appointed as a professor at a number of German universities. His attempt to be appointed as successor to Arnold Sommerfeld failed because of opposition by the
2224:, and that the experimental natural uranium reactor that Heisenberg's team had built in Berlin had been moved to Haigerloch. Thereafter, the main focus of the Alsos Mission was on these nuclear facilities in the
7257:
The paper is dated 16 January 1939. Meitner is identified as being at the Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Frisch is identified as being at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of
3488:
1122:
9350:
7372:
Volume 6. The Completion of Quantum Mechanics 1926â1941. Part 2. The Conceptual Completion and Extension of Quantum Mechanics 1932â1941. Epilogue: Aspects of the Further Development of Quantum Theory 1942â1999
1607:
possible to ask whether or not these particles exist in space and time objectively ... When we speak of the picture of nature in the exact science of our age, we do not mean a picture of nature so much as a
1897:(REM, Reich Ministry of Education) and started the formal German nuclear energy project under military auspices. The project had its first meeting on 16 September 1939. The meeting was organized by
2278:, were glad the Allies had won World War II. Heisenberg told other scientists that he had never contemplated a bomb, only an atomic pile to produce energy. The morality of creating a bomb for the
9543:
1857:. However, Heisenberg refused an invitation to emigrate to the United States. He did not see Goudsmit again until six years later, when Goudsmit was the chief scientific advisor to the American
9233:
Werner Heisenberg (1970) "Erste GesprĂ€che ĂŒber das VerhĂ€ltnis von Naturwissenschaft und Religion" in ed. Werner Trutwin, "Religion-Wissenschaft-Weltbild" Duesseldorf: Patmos Verlag, pages 23â31
1649:, or German Physics (also known as Aryan Physics), launched vicious attacks against leading theoretical physicists, including Arnold Sommerfeld and Heisenberg. From the early 1930s onward, the
12351:
12241:
980:. At the event, Bohr was a guest lecturer and gave a series of comprehensive lectures on quantum atomic physics and Heisenberg met Bohr for the first time, which had a lasting effect on him.
2267:. At first, there was disbelief that a bomb had been built and dropped. In the weeks that followed, the German scientists discussed how the United States might have built the bomb.
415:
1766:
The three investigators who led the SS investigation of Heisenberg had training in physics. Indeed, Heisenberg had participated in the doctoral examination of one of them at the
12246:
7481:
6304:
Aitchison, Ian J.R.; MacManus, David A.; Snyder, Thomas M. (November 2004). "Understanding Heisenberg's 'magical' paper of July 1925: A new look at the calculational details".
2626:: "We will probably have to keep coming back to this question in public for a long time because of the danger that public opinion will slacken." In 1961 Heisenberg signed the
2300:
he still underestimated it. For Popp, this is proof that Heisenberg did not spend time on a nuclear weapon during the war; on the contrary, he avoided even thinking about it.
1759:
replaced Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. MĂŒller was not a theoretical physicist, had not published in a physics journal, and was not a member of the
9748:
1145:. On 1 May 1926, Heisenberg began his appointment as a university lecturer and assistant to Bohr in Copenhagen. It was in Copenhagen, in 1927, that Heisenberg developed his
12341:
12216:
2030:. During the meeting, Heisenberg told Speer that a bomb could not be built before 1945, because it would require significant monetary resources and number of personnel.
8044:
2473:. During his tenure as president 550 Humboldt scholars from 78 nations received scientific research grants. Heisenberg resigned as president shortly before his death.
1721:
and elements in the REM had their own list of candidates, and the battle dragged on for over four years. During this time, Heisenberg came under vicious attack by the
12286:
9361:
12301:
10170:
The authors were cited as being at Leipzig. The paper was received on 22 December 1935. A translation of this paper has been done by W. Korolevski and H. Kleinert:
3961:
The authors were cited as being at Leipzig. The paper was received on 22 December 1935. A translation of this paper has been done by W. Korolevski and H. Kleinert:
1109:, meaning he was qualified to teach and examine independently, without having a chair. From 17 September 1924 to 1 May 1925, under an International Education Board
12321:
2742:
12366:
12231:
12221:
9724:
9458:
2865:
7399:, pp. 363â364, Appendix F, see the entries for Diebner and Döpel. See also the entry for the KWIP in Appendix A and the entry for the HWA in Appendix B.
2653:. He was a member of the Institute's scientific policy committee, and for several years was the Committee's chair. He was one of the eight signatories of the
1974:
aus der Uranspaltung" ("The theoretical basis for energy generation from uranium fission") was, as Heisenberg wrote after the Second World War in a letter to
421:
6393:
12326:
12236:
5731:
5317:
2943:
Member of the Academies of Sciences of Göttingen, Bavaria, Saxony, Prussia, Sweden, Romania, Norway, Spain, The Netherlands (1939), Rome (Pontifical), the
2933:
1661:. As applied in the university environment, political factors took priority over scholarly ability, even though its two most prominent supporters were the
1274:. Also in 1929, Heisenberg went on a lecture tour of China, Japan, India, and the United States. In the spring of 1929, he was a visiting lecturer at the
2041:(importance for the war) status; funding therefore continued from the military. The nuclear power project was broken down into the following main areas:
1538:
justified this replacement by an appeal to Bohr's correspondence principle and the Pauli doctrine that quantum mechanics must be limited to observables.
9540:
11963:
7312:
2581:
2142:
to attend the lecture carrying a pistol, with orders to shoot Heisenberg if his lecture indicated that Germany was close to completing an atomic bomb.
5705:
825:
1753:
Heisenberg to make a distinction between professional physics research results and the personal and political attitudes of the involved scientists.
10452:
391:
6581:
12266:
8977:
2395:
8009:
6636:
5790:
2384:
12306:
12186:
10344:
7500:; see the entry for the KWIP in Appendix A and the entries for the HWA and the RFR in Appendix B. Also see p. 372 and footnote #50 on p. 372.
5213:
2852:, including August Heisenberg (1869â1930), Annie Heisenberg (1879â1945), Werner Heisenberg (1901â1976), and Elisabeth Heisenberg (1914â1998).
5149:
secondary antagonist Karl Heisenberg. Heisenberg's research on ferromagnetism served as inspiration for the character's magnetic abilities.
5905:
5202:
2229:
Heisenberg would not see his family again for eight months, as he was moved across France and Belgium and flown to England on 3 July 1945.
182:
887:
while hiking in the Bavarian Alps. He recounted philosophical conversations with his fellow students and teachers about understanding the
6925:
6911:
6897:
7979:
6558:
2814:
had penned popular books that conveyed scholarship to a wide audience. Heisenberg worked on his autobiography and published it with the
2283:
moral courage to recommend to the government in the spring of 1942 that they should employ 120,000 men just for building the thing up."
12346:
5394:
2407:
2127:
307:
2437:. Heisenberg was the sole director of MPIFA from 1960 to 1970. Heisenberg resigned his directorship of the MPIFA on 31 December 1970.
12356:
7478:
3011:, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied
2714:
he remarked that "the concept of 'the law of nature' cannot be completely objective, the word 'law' being a purely human principle".
1529:
He then solved the same problem by treating the anharmonic potential term as a perturbation to the harmonic oscillator and using the
1457:
that established modern quantum mechanics has puzzled physicists and historians. His methods assume that the reader is familiar with
1328:. Thus reinterpreting it as a (quantum) field equation accurately describing electrons, Heisenberg put matter on the same footing as
1183:
and research associates who studied and worked with him is clear from the acclaim many later earned. At various times they included
1149:, while working on the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics. On 23 February, Heisenberg wrote a letter to fellow physicist
12316:
12291:
12261:
10327:
5207:
1774:. During their investigation, they became supporters of Heisenberg as well as his position against the ideological policies of the
3086:
Bericht ĂŒber Versuche mit Schichtenanordnungen von PrĂ€parat 38 und Paraffin am Kaiser Wilhelm Institut fĂŒr Physik in Berlin-Dahlem
2131:
1332:: as being described by relativistic quantum field equations which allowed the possibility of particle creation and destruction. (
12361:
12311:
12271:
12256:
10517:
10332:
5872:
1602:(numbers in tables) which describe something about particles but we can never have any "true" access to the particles themselves:
1521:
on a spring, perturbed by an external force, like an external charge. The motion of the oscillating charge can be expressed as a
1462:
10358:
5757:
1418:
12296:
11956:
8903:
5536:
Heisenberg, W. (1924). "Ăber eine AbĂ€nderung der formalen Regeln der Quantentheorie beim Problem der anomalen Zeeman-Effekte".
5093:
3016:
2434:
1681:
1022:. In August 1923 Robert Honsell and Heisenberg organized a trip to Finland with a Scout group of this association from Munich.
923:
3384:
Born, M.; Heisenberg, W. (1924). "Ăber den Einfluss der Deformierbarkeit der Ionen auf optische und chemische Konstanten. I".
1390:
12060:
10306:
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10211:
10192:
9779:
9757:
9712:
9693:
9575:
9387:
9146:
8162:
8137:
8109:
7810:
7381:
6612:
6537:
6375:
6209:
6157:
6104:
5520:
5499:
5475:
5014:
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4961:
4931:
4890:
4869:
4774:
2945:
2937:
2422:
10398:
12336:
10445:
10425:
7426:
6710:
5838:
2993:
2239:
817:
12181:
10378:
2453:
conference, with the aim of establishing a European laboratory for nuclear physics. Heisenberg's aim was to build a large
892:
objects in the ordinary sense; they are forms, ideas which can be expressed unambiguously only in mathematical language".
12251:
7730:
2979:
2784:
increasingly turned to the subjects of philosophy and religion. Heisenberg had sent the manuscript for a textbook on the
1760:
1397:
1168:; he gave his inaugural lecture there on 1 February 1928. In his first paper published from Leipzig, Heisenberg used the
427:
409:
3450:— (1924). "Ăber eine AbĂ€nderung der formalin Regeln der Quantentheorie beim Problem der anomalen Zeeman-Effekte".
2548:(DAtK, German Atomic Energy Commission). Other members of the Nuclear Physics Working Group in both 1956 and 1957 were:
12276:
12226:
10461:
8454:
4401:
1717:. The Munich Faculty was firmly behind these candidates, with Heisenberg as their first choice. However, supporters of
1371:
2793:
divisibility of matter or Kant's antinomy, 5) The basic symmetry and its substantiation, and 6) Science and religion.
12281:
12196:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
11949:
10263:
9211:
9063:
7697:
4828:
2896:
2470:
2120:
1437:
836:
835:, chairman of the Commission for Atomic Physics, chairman of the Nuclear Physics Working Group, and president of the
222:
9454:
9380:
Fundamental Physics â Heisenberg and Beyond: Werner Heisenberg Centennial Symposium "Developments in Modern Physics"
8155:
Fundamental Physics â Heisenberg and Beyond: Werner Heisenberg Centennial Symposium "Developments in Modern Physics"
8130:
Fundamental Physics â Heisenberg and Beyond: Werner Heisenberg Centennial Symposium "Developments in Modern Physics"
8102:
Fundamental Physics â Heisenberg and Beyond: Werner Heisenberg Centennial Symposium "Developments in Modern Physics"
7973:"Transcript of Surreptitiously Taped Conversations among German Nuclear Physicists at Farm Hall (August 6â7, 1945)"
2418:
2349:
2126:
From 24 January to 4 February 1944, Heisenberg travelled to occupied Copenhagen, after the German army confiscated
1404:
821:
5174:
3131:
3099:
2900:
2892:
2631:
2596:
2361:
2275:
1958:
1942:
1244:
12201:
10438:
10273:
3019:
for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the
2411:
832:
227:
10367:
5735:
5314:
3567:
The paper was received on 27 September 1925. This is the second paper in the famous trilogy which launched the
2696:
and saw parallels between it and quantum mechanics, describing himself as in "complete agreement" with the book
12005:
10569:
9674:
5154:
2929:
2723:
2026:, Germany's Minister of Armaments, on the prospects for converting the Uranverein's research toward developing
1870:
1787:
1375:
857:
732:
232:
172:
3609:
The paper was received on 16 November 1925. This is the third paper in the famous trilogy which launched the
3289:
Born, M.; Heisenberg, W. (1923). "Ăber Phasenbeziehungen bei den Bohrschen Modellen von Atomen und Molekeln".
2965:
1680:
movement. On 1 April 1935, the eminent theoretical physicist Sommerfeld, Heisenberg's doctoral advisor at the
1574:
1386:
1045:. Heisenberg married her on 29 April. Fraternal twins Maria and Wolfgang were born in January 1938, whereupon
10352:
6390:
3024:
3003:
2181:(KWIP, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics) had been bombed so it had mostly been moved in 1943 and 1944 to
2084:
1270:
In early 1929, Heisenberg and Pauli submitted the first of two papers laying the foundation for relativistic
322:
7309:
2064:
In September 1942, Heisenberg submitted his first paper of a three-part series on the scattering matrix, or
1756:
1557:
Up until this time, matrices were seldom used by physicists; they were considered to belong to the realm of
11701:
11625:
10372:
9480:
7223:
Meitner, Lise (11 February 1939). "Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction".
6528:
5241:
Heisenberg's work on quantum physics was preceded by a quarter century of research by other authors on the
5085:
4839:
2954:
2135:
2092:
2033:
After the Uranverein project was placed under the leadership of the Reichs Research Council, it focused on
1922:
1004:
207:
10652:
10336:
5709:
5089:, based on real events. Heisenberg is also credited with building the atomic bomb used by the Axis in the
3525:
The paper was received on 29 July 1925. This is the first paper in the famous trilogy which launched the
2251:. Ten German scientists, including Heisenberg, were held at Farm Hall in England. The facility had been a
1153:, in which he first described his new principle. In his paper on the principle, Heisenberg used the word "
1049:
congratulated Heisenberg on his "pair creation"âa wordplay on a process from elementary particle physics,
10727:
10421:
9159:
8897:
Werner Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project / Otto Hahn and the Declarations of Mainau and Göttingen
5041:
3020:
2611:
2446:
2399:
2256:
2116:
1893:
1690:
1085:
1000:
31:
9789:
Heisenberg, W. (1927). "Ăber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik".
5347:
This source explains that Heisenberg actually received his Nobel Prize for 1932 one year later, in 1933.
2398:(research council). Heisenberg envisaged this council to promote the dialogue between the newly founded
2216:. Their interrogation revealed that Otto Hahn was at his laboratory in Tailfingen, while Heisenberg and
824:. He was director of the institute until it was moved to Munich in 1958. He then became director of the
12331:
12211:
12166:
11344:
6578:
5867:
5771:. Gemeinschaft Katholischer MĂ€nner und Frauen im Bund Neudeutschland-ND: 12. March 2005. Archived from
5287:
5098:
1834:, who had in July of that year fled, first to the Netherlands, then to Sweden. Meitner, and her nephew
1714:
1632:
1514:
1240:
1200:
639:
619:
212:
202:
17:
11109:
8969:
6225:
Heisenberg, W. (1925). "Ăber quantentheoretishe Umdeutung kinematisher und mechanischer Beziehungen".
5357:
935:
461:
141:
12191:
12068:
12001:
11512:
10323:
9616:"Comment on 'Heisenberg in Poland' by Jeremy Bernstein [Am. J. Phys. 72 (3), 300â304 (2004)]"
8005:
1169:
162:
10401:. American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives. 30 November 1962. Archived from
5893:
5805:
3143:
Der experimentelle Nachweis der effektiven Neutronenvermehrung in einem Kugel-Schichten-System aus D
2654:
2627:
1077:
914:
11982:
11472:
11420:
11268:
5068:, a German character named Werner directs the construction of the meth lab belonging to antagonist
2747:
2525:
1830:
of the uranium nucleus had occurred; simultaneously, Hahn communicated these results to his friend
1710:
1578:
1474:
1236:
1118:
902:
711:
503:Ăber StabilitĂ€t und Turbulenz von FlĂŒssigkeitsströmen (On stability and turbulence of liquid flows)
466:
302:
5282:
5128:
2274:
reveal that Heisenberg, along with other physicists interned at Farm Hall including Otto Hahn and
2099:
as Allied bombing increased in Berlin. In the summer, he dispatched the first of his staff at the
1493:
orbits, by contrast, are equally spaced. But these results could be explained by a semi-classical
1125:" ("Quantum theoretical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations") also called the
12089:
11528:
11452:
11324:
10886:
10735:
10676:
8728:
7916:
5159:
4609:
3617:— (1927). "Ăber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik".
2906:
2798:
2333:
2096:
1846:
1814:
1763:. His appointment was considered a travesty and detrimental to educating theoretical physicists.
1364:
972:, because Sommerfeld had a sincere interest in his students and knew of Heisenberg's interest in
50:
11540:
10381:. American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives. 16 June 1970. Archived from
6367:
6361:
2317:
1007:
for small disturbances from laminar flow. He briefly returned to this topic after World War II.
12041:
11556:
11524:
11185:
11001:
10894:
10593:
10465:
7466:
6574:
5114:
2961:
2414:(German Research Foundation). Following the merger, Heisenberg was appointed to the presidium.
2341:
2337:
1850:
1702:
1662:
1570:
1411:
1180:
1110:
866:
767:
397:
317:
187:
7631:
Heisenberg, W. (1944). "Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. III".
6922:
6908:
6894:
6827:
5023:
1129:(reinterpretation) paper, was published in September 1925. He returned to Göttingen and, with
583:
11817:
11633:
11504:
11436:
11348:
11284:
10628:
9668:
7972:
7583:
Heisenberg, W. (1943). "Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II".
6957:, pp. 390â391 Please note that Cassidy uses the alias Mathias Jules for Johannes Juilfs.
6555:
6096:
5465:
5145:
4746:
The substance of this article was presented by Heisenberg in a lecture at Harvard University.
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1507:
1275:
1146:
1019:
763:
724:
578:
486:
471:
287:
167:
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7534:
Heisenberg, W. (1943). "Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. I".
2844:
2727:
but he liked "very much the later ideas of Wittgenstein and his philosophy about language."
2607:
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8253:
7706:
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7592:
7544:
7281:
7232:
7197:
7146:
7065:
7056:
Heisenberg, W. (1938). "Die Absorption der durchdringenden Komponente der Höhenstrahlung".
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of quantum mechanics, which implied the existence of positive electrons, later to be named
1282:
1271:
1164:(professor ordinarius) of theoretical physics and head of the department of physics at the
1062:
481:
476:
272:
252:
136:
11665:
10774:
10430:
10136:
Heisenberg, W.; Euler, H. (1936). "Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons".
6987:
Heisenberg, W. (1937). "Der Durchgang sehr energiereicher Korpuskeln durch den Atomkern".
2402:
and the scientific community, based in Germany. Heisenberg was appointed president of the
8:
12207:
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
11645:
11264:
11141:
11101:
10805:
10801:
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incomplete because it implies that the universe is indeterminate at a fundamental level.
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6327:
6238:
5758:"Ein Leben fĂŒr die Jugendbewegung und Jugendseelsorger â 100 Jahre Gottfried Simmerding"
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3224:
2336:. Heisenberg immediately began to promote scientific research in Germany. Following the
2166:
Replica of the German experimental nuclear reactor captured and dismantled at Haigerloch
1906:
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10036:
9999:
9962:
9925:
9888:
9851:
9814:
9656:
9630:
9428:
8999:
Heisenberg, Werner (1975). "Development of concepts in the history of quantum theory".
8849:
8801:
8753:
8703:
8655:
8607:
8527:
8425:
8365:
8271:
8214:
7722:
7656:
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6313:
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6199:
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5136:
5090:
4708:
4671:
4634:
4582:
4545:
4508:
4463:
4383:
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4232:
4207:— (1944). "Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. III".
4195:
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3314:
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2345:
2313:
2079:
In February 1943, Heisenberg was appointed to the Chair for Theoretical Physics at the
2050:
1835:
1727:
1547:
1264:
1208:
1165:
1041:
883:
861:
747:
217:
82:
10481:
9094:
6195:
4170:— (1943). "Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II".
2710:"some of the ideas that seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense". Regarding the
1639:
came to power in 1933, Heisenberg was attacked in the press as a "White Jew" (i.e. an
12025:
11809:
11757:
11705:
11617:
11613:
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9892:
9855:
9818:
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9753:
9708:
9689:
9683:
9660:
9571:
9383:
9207:
9142:
9059:
8853:
8805:
8726:
Heisenberg, W. (1952). "Bermerkungen zur Theorie der Vielfacherzeugung von Mesonen".
8707:
8659:
8599:
8531:
8429:
8369:
8218:
8158:
8133:
8105:
7839:
7806:
7726:
7660:
7612:
7564:
7377:
6618:
6608:
6533:
6486:
6442:
6371:
6254:
6205:
6153:
6110:
6100:
6055:
5772:
5565:
5516:
5495:
5471:
5450:
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5010:
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4759:
4712:
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4586:
4549:
4500:
4467:
4387:
4350:
4236:
4199:
4162:
4133:— (1943). "Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. I".
4114:
3998:
3956:
3905:
3868:
3831:
3794:
3757:
3720:
3683:
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2707:
2681:
2502:
2248:
1749:
1486:
1465:, is justified only by a rejection of unobservable quantities. It introduces the non-
1220:
1179:
During Heisenberg's tenure at Leipzig, the high quality of the doctoral students and
1142:
1081:
1069:
1058:
1054:
927:
728:
573:
563:
519:
372:
368:
282:
11689:
11396:
10242:
9053:
8900:
8757:
8340:
Heisenberg, W.; M.V. Laue (1948). "Das Barlowsche Rad aus supraleitendem Material".
8275:
7016:
6343:
6089:
4638:
4056:— (1938). "Die Absorption der durchdringenden Komponente der Höhenstrahlung".
4035:
2922:
11893:
11849:
11508:
11496:
11412:
11404:
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11113:
11049:
11041:
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9016:
8841:
8793:
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8695:
8647:
8611:
8591:
8517:
8471:
8417:
8357:
8315:
8261:
8206:
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7648:
7600:
7552:
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7289:
7252:
7240:
7205:
7166:
7154:
7073:
7004:
6789:
6474:
6430:
6331:
6278:
6269:
MacKinnon, Edward (1977). "Heisenberg, Models, and the Rise of Quantum Mechanics".
6242:
5877:
5666:
5553:
5438:
5194:
5064:
5049:
4737:
4700:
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4512:
4492:
4453:
4418:
4375:
4338:
4307:
4272:
4224:
4187:
4150:
4120:— (1938). "Der Durchgang sehr energiereicher Korpuskeln durch den Atomkern".
4102:
4085:— (1938). "Der Durchgang sehr energiereicher Korpuskeln durch den Atomkern".
4073:
4023:
4006:— (1937). "Der Durchgang sehr energiereicher Korpuskeln durch den Atomkern".
3986:
3944:
3927:—; Euler, H. (1936). "Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons".
3893:
3856:
3819:
3782:
3745:
3708:
3671:
3634:
3610:
3592:
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3526:
3508:
3467:
3438:
3401:
3372:
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3306:
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3228:
3040:
Bericht ĂŒber die Möglichkeit technischer Energiegewinnung aus der Uranspaltung (II)
2973:
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2521:
2377:
2213:
2069:
1809:
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1591:
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would attend who would later work on the Manhattan Project for the United States.
1138:
1036:
806:
759:
674:
514:
403:
242:
197:
192:
11845:
11157:
9351:"Auswahl der auf den MĂŒnchner Friedhöfen bestatetten "berĂŒhmten Persönlichkeiten""
8824:
Heisenberg, W. (1955). "The production of mesons in very high energy collisions".
7836:
A History of the War Department Scientific Intelligence Mission (ALSOS), 1943â1945
3421:— (1924). "Ăber StabilitĂ€t und Turbulenz von FlĂŒssigkeitsströmmen (Diss.)".
3326:
Born, M.; Heisenberg, W. (1923). "Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom".
1746:
12014:
11990:
11921:
11913:
11877:
11741:
11721:
11629:
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11021:
10833:
10660:
10501:
10489:
10417:
10402:
10348:
10277:
10182:
10178:
10082:
The author was cited as being at Leipzig. The paper was received on 21 June 1934.
9767:
9565:
9547:
9201:
8907:
7485:
7430:
7316:
7185:
6929:
6915:
6901:
6654:
6585:
6562:
6397:
5842:
5649:
Heisenberg, W. (1924). "Ăber StabilitĂ€t und Turbulenz von FlĂŒssigkeitsströmmen".
5321:
5059:
5037:
5004:
4951:
4880:
4859:
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3910:
The author was cited as being at Leipzig. The paper was received on 21 June 1934.
3012:
2911:
2888:
2623:
2615:
2592:
2553:
2426:
2389:
2365:
2287:
2162:
2058:
1975:
1950:
1858:
1839:
1771:
1645:
1451:
1337:
1050:
1031:
798:
740:
634:
385:
297:
267:
11037:
10585:
7423:
6936:
Ludwig Prandtl: Attachment to the letter to Reich Marschal (sic) Hermann Göring
6706:
5835:
5058:, throughout White's transformation from a high-school chemistry teacher into a
4321:—; von Laue, M. (1948). "Das Barlowsche Rad aus supraleitendem Material".
3052:
2145:
In January 1945, Heisenberg, with most of the rest of his staff, moved from the
2012:
1938:
11897:
11889:
11881:
11813:
11797:
11789:
11713:
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11009:
10985:
10937:
10878:
10793:
10723:
10684:
10644:
10609:
10525:
10382:
8678:
Heisenberg, W. (1949). "Ăber die Entstehung von Mesonen in Vielfachprozessen".
7798:
5881:
5442:
5419:
De Haro, Sebastian (2020). "Science and Philosophy: A LoveâHate Relationship".
5180:
5103:
5045:
3489:"Ăber quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen"
2811:
2761:
2711:
2646:
2642:
2619:
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2209:
2027:
1926:
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1134:
1073:
1046:
977:
786:
782:
778:
774:
755:
568:
177:
9733:
Cassidy, David C. (1992a). "Heisenberg, German Science, and the Third Reich".
9685:
Scientists Under Hitler: Politics and the Physics Community in the Third Reich
9186:
8210:
7803:
The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945â1949
7692:
7376:. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Springer. pp. 1010â1011.
7270:"Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment"
6622:
4607:— (1952). "Bermerkungen zur Theorie der Vielfacherzeugung von Mesonen".
3056:
2332:
in Germany. Heisenberg settled in Göttingen, which was in the British zone of
2225:
2016:
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11097:
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11013:
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10910:
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9900:
Heisenberg, W.; Pauli, W. (1930). "Zur Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder. II".
7843:
7743:
7718:
7077:
6941:
6605:
Einstein's unfinished revolution: the search for what lies beyond the quantum
6084:
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4943:
Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science (Great Minds Series)
4077:
3442:
3376:
3347:
3167:
3163:
3095:
2807:
2649:. He also collaborated with the International Institute of Atomic Physics in
2635:
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2201:
2171:
2034:
1999:
1934:
1930:
1902:
1543:
1494:
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1232:
1123:Ăber quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen
969:
962:
947:
860:, and his wife, Annie Wecklein. His father was a secondary school teacher of
558:
257:
86:
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9203:
Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science â Werner Heisenberg
8522:
8497:
4720:— (1975). "Development of concepts in the history of quantum theory".
4458:
4433:
2130:. He made a short return trip in April. In December, Heisenberg lectured in
12074:
11909:
11905:
11861:
11829:
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11677:
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10234:
10099:
Heisenberg, W. (1936b). "Zur Theorie der 'Schauer' in der Höhenstrahlung".
10048:
Heisenberg, W. (1934). "Bemerkungen zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons".
8603:
8476:
8449:
8191:
6357:
6318:
5109:
5054:
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Encounters with Einstein: And Other Essays on People, Places, and Particles
4683:— (1955). "The production of mesons in very high energy collisions".
4504:
4423:
4396:
3171:
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2670:
2506:
2458:
2353:
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On 3 January 1946, the ten Operation Epsilon detainees were transported to
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Heisenberg, W. (1936a). "Ăber die 'Schauer' in der Kosmischen Strahlung".
8320:
8295:
8266:
8241:
6114:
4312:
4287:
4277:
4252:
2445:
In 1951, Heisenberg agreed to become the scientific representative of the
1106:
1053:. They had five more children over the next 12 years: Barbara, Christine,
502:
11973:
11857:
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10981:
10949:
10751:
10509:
10341:
9863:
Heisenberg, W.; Pauli, W. (1929). "Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder".
8630:
Heisenberg, W. (1949). "Die Erzeugung von Mesonen in Vielfachprozessen".
5338:
4766:
2457:, drawing on the resources and technical skills of scientists across the
2410:(Emergency Association of German Science) and that same year renamed the
2308:
2095:) was approved. That same month, he moved his family to their retreat in
2073:
2046:
2003:
1910:
1845:
In June and July 1939, Heisenberg traveled to the United States visiting
1706:
1188:
1184:
790:
593:
553:
10363:
Linus Pauling and the Nature of the Chemical Bond: A Documentary History
9635:
6707:"Heisenberg â The Difficult Years: Professor in Leipzig, 1927â1942"
6290:
6067:
6047:
4557:— (1949). "Ăber die Entstehung von Mesonen in Vielfachprozessen".
1801:
showers in two papers. Four more papers appeared in the next two years.
1569:
In 1928, Albert Einstein nominated Heisenberg, Born, and Jordan for the
853:
78:
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11572:
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8651:
8421:
8361:
7770:
7652:
7604:
7556:
7158:
7008:
6478:
6457:
Born, M.; Heisenberg, W.; Jordan, P. (1925). "Zur Quantenmechanik II".
6434:
6246:
5557:
5106:. Atomic bombs in this universe are referred to as Heisenberg Devices.
4704:
4667:
4630:
4578:
4541:
4379:
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4027:
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3749:
3712:
3675:
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3596:
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Born, M.; Heisenberg, W.; Jordan, P. (1926). "Zur Quantenmechanik II".
3554:
3512:
3471:
3405:
3310:
3273:
3232:
3209:"Eine Bemerkung ĂŒber relativistische Röntgendubletts und LinienschĂ€rfe"
3175:
3159:
3107:
Untersuchungen mit neuen Schichtenanordnungen aus U-metall und Paraffin
3103:
3091:
3047:
Bestimmung der DiffusionslÀnge thermischer Neutronen in schwerem Wasser
3008:
2565:
2557:
2482:
2357:
2296:
2279:
2252:
2197:
2186:
2108:
1954:
1798:
1640:
1562:
1502:
1378: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1325:
1301:
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996:
988:
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762:
of quantum mechanics was substantially elaborated. He is known for the
624:
588:
532:
247:
9652:
9606:
9139:
Victory and Vexation in Science: Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg and Others
6794:
6769:
6335:
5009:. Harper Perennial Modern Classics (reprint ed.). HarperCollins.
3728:—; Pauli, W. (1930). "Zur Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder. II".
2964:"for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has,
2323:
11221:
11193:
11029:
8595:
7294:
7269:
7244:
6282:
5706:"BerĂŒhmte Physiker: Werner Heisenberg eine Biographie-Pfadfinderzeit"
5069:
4496:
3033:
Die Möglichkeit der technischer Energiegewinnung aus der Uranspaltung
2702:. Heisenberg even went as far to state that after conversations with
2494:
2490:
2373:
2260:
2221:
2182:
2104:
1933:. A second meeting was held soon thereafter and included Heisenberg,
1914:
1805:
897:
802:
7209:
6923:
Heinrich Himmler: Letter to Werner Heisenberg [21 July 1938]
6909:
Heinrich Himmler: Letter to Reinhard Heydrich [21 July 1938]
5467:
Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World's Great Physicists
3876:— (1934). "Bemerkungen zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons".
3355:
Born, M.; Heisenberg, W. (1924). "Zur Quantentheorie der Molekeln".
3249:
3208:
2752:
in 1974, he gave a speech, which he later published under the title
2440:
1461:-Heisenberg transition probability calculations. The main new idea,
1353:
968:
In June 1922, Sommerfeld took Heisenberg to Göttingen to attend the
10969:
10299:
German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939â1949
9020:
7536:
5080:
4741:
3969:— (1936). "Zur Theorie der 'Schauer' in der Höhenstrahlung".
3079:Ăber die Möglichkeit der Energieerzeugung mit Hilfe des Isotops 238
3061:
Bestimmung der DiffusionslÀnge thermischer Neutronen in PrÀparat 38
2775:
the world because "Man was created as the spiritual image of God".
2517:. He published three papers in 1949, two in 1952, and one in 1955.
2501:. Heisenberg contributed to the understanding of the phenomenon of
2461:. On 1 July 1953 Heisenberg signed the convention that established
2247:
were captured by Operation Alsos and incarcerated in England under
2139:
2065:
1685:
1309:
1293:
1192:
1130:
939:
878:
751:
629:
537:
292:
9037:
Heizenberg, W. (1974). "Ch. 16 "Scientific and Religious Truth"".
8776:
Heisenberg, W. (1952). "Mesonenerzeugung als Stosswellenproblem".
5433:
4520:— (1949). "Die Erzeugung von Mesonen in Vielfachprozessen".
4043:— (1937). "Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Ultrastrahlung".
3914:— (1936). "Ăber die 'Schauer' in der Kosmischen Strahlung".
3691:—; Pauli, W. (1929). "Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder".
9536:
8899:, Preprint 203 (Max-Planck Institut fĂŒr Wissenschaftsgeschichte,
8400:
Heisenberg, W. (1948). "Zur statistischen Theorie der Tubulenz".
3121:
Bemerkungen zu dem geplanten halbtechnischen Versuch mit 1,5 to D
2662:
2630:
alongside a group of scientists who had been brought together by
2498:
2486:
2329:
2286:
When in 1992 the transcripts were declassified, German physicist
2237:
Nine of the prominent German scientists who published reports in
2042:
1838:, correctly interpreted Hahn's and Strassmann's results as being
1823:
1624:
237:
108:
6150:
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac: Reminiscences about a Great Physicist
3250:"Die IntensitÀt der Mehrfachlinien und ihrer Zeeman-Komponenten"
1901:, advisor to the HWA, and held in Berlin. The invitees included
950:. He received his doctorate in 1923 at Munich under Sommerfeld.
10184:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
7097:
Der Durchgang sehr energiereicher Korpuskeln durch den Atomkern
5132:
2666:
2650:
2450:
1819:
1631:
in 1932, Heisenberg submitted the first of three papers on his
984:
810:
496:
104:
6529:
The End of the Certain World: The Life and Science of Max Born
6201:
From X-rays to Quarks: Modern Physicists and Their Discoveries
5804:. Pfadfinderförderkreis Nordbayern e.V.: 23â24. Archived from
5163:
observed, and tracked; the compensators allow this to happen.
2834:). The 1971 English translation was published under the title
2826:). The autobiography was published eventually under the title
2505:
with a paper in 1947 and two papers in 1948, one of them with
1324:ħ/2, itself subject to quantization conditions involving anti-
1061:
and Verena. In 1939 he bought a summer home for his family in
999:. The problem of stability was investigated by the use of the
881:
Christian. In his late teenage years, Heisenberg read Plato's
766:, which he published in 1927. Heisenberg was awarded the 1932
689:
12242:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
9749:
Beyond Uncertainty: Heisenberg, Quantum Physics, and the Bomb
7424:
American Institute for Physics, Center for History of Physics
2514:
2264:
922:
From 1920 to 1923, he studied physics and mathematics at the
797:. He was also instrumental in planning the first West German
10221:
Mott, N.; Peierls, R. (November 1977). "Werner Heisenberg".
9377:
8152:
8127:
8099:
5158:, the "Heisenberg compensator" is an essential component of
3136:
Messungen an Schichtenanordnungen aus 38-Metall und Paraffin
2968:, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen".
2115:, for the same reasons. From 18â26 October, he travelled to
695:
12352:
Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
10460:
10204:
Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany
9826:
Heisenberg, W. (1928). "Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus".
9705:
Heisenberg in the Atomic Age: Science and the Public Sphere
9055:
Uncommon wisdom : conversations with remarkable people
8550:
Heisenberg, w. (1950). "On the stability of laminar flow".
5513:
Werner Heisenberg â Die Sprache der Atome. Leben und Wirken
4953:
Der Teil und das Ganze: GesprÀche im Umkreis der Atomphysik
4646:— (1952). "Mesonenerzeugung als Stosswellenproblem".
2536:. During 1956 and 1957, Heisenberg was the chairman of the
2462:
2425:(MPIFA). In the interim, Heisenberg and the astrophysicist
2348:
in the British zone, Heisenberg became the director of the
1964:
1842:. Frisch confirmed this experimentally on 13 January 1939.
1598:
Heisenberg argued that ultimately we only can speak of the
888:
683:
10399:"Oral history interview transcript with Werner Heisenberg"
10379:"Oral history interview transcript with Werner Heisenberg"
10011:
Heisenberg, W. (1933). "Ăber den Bau der Atomkerne. III".
9974:
Heisenberg, W. (1932b). "Ăber den Bau der Atomkerne. II".
8232:
Werner Heisenberg (1947). "Zur Theorie der Supraleitung".
6148:
Kursunoglu, Behram N.; Wigner, Eugene P. (26 April 1990).
5492:
137: Jung, Pauli and the pursuit of a scientific obsession
4358:— (1948). "Zur statistischen Theorie der Tubulenz".
2380:. The institute held a colloquium every Saturday morning.
1550:. Born, with the help of his assistant and former student
1117:, director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the
773:
Heisenberg also made contributions to the theories of the
9937:
Heisenberg, W. (1932a). "Ăber den Bau der Atomkerne. I".
9567:
Hitler's Uranium Club: The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall
2469:
In December 1953, Heisenberg became the president of the
987:, the topic of which was suggested by Sommerfeld, was on
816:
Following World War II, he was appointed director of the
698:
9585:
Bernstein, Jeremy (March 2004). "Heisenberg in Poland".
5062:
cook and a drug kingpin. In the spin-off prequel series
5006:
Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science
4861:
Quantentheorie und Philosophie: Vorlesungen und AufsÀtze
2534:
Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science
2372:
joined in 1950 to promote the development of electronic
895:
In 1919 Heisenberg arrived in Munich as a member of the
10254:
Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb
8574:
Heisenberg, W. (1949). "Production of mesons showers".
8450:"On the theory of statistical and isotropic turbulence"
8339:
6303:
4397:"On the theory of statistical and isotropic turbulence"
1733:
1501:
These two successes, and the continuing failure of the
1343:
12247:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
9725:
Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg
9113:
A God Beyond Belief: Reclaiming Faith in a Quantum Age
7135:
6091:
Now it Can be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project
2986:
2934:
Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1955
2734:
In lectures given in the 1950s and later published as
2429:
were co-directors of MPIFA. Heisenberg also became an
9382:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 16.
8157:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 22.
8132:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 21.
8104:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 18.
7780:
6363:
Niels Bohr's Times in Physics, Philosophy, and Polity
5833:
David Cassidy and the American Institute of Physics,
5079:
Heisenberg was the target of an assassination by spy
2312:
Bust of Heisenberg in his old age, on display at the
2200:, where important scientists were captured including
2022:
On 4 June 1942, Heisenberg was summoned to report to
686:
422:
Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences
10223:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
7188:(March 1990). "Lise Meitner's Escape from Germany".
7119:
7117:
6456:
6413:
Born, M.; Jordan, P. (1925). "Zur Quantenmechanik".
6026:
6024:
5791:"Die Pfadfinderbewegung im Freistaat Bayern Teil 53"
5687:
5685:
5170:
4594:— (1950). "On the stability of laminar flow".
3654:— (1928). "Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus".
3533:
Born, M.; Jordan, P. (1925). "Zur Quantenmechanik".
1969:
velocities of the fission products and the neutrons.
1657:
had concerned itself with quantum mechanics and the
1096:
1010:
In his youth he was a member and Scoutleader of the
692:
12342:
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
12217:
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
9243:Heisenberg, Werner (1973). "Tradition in Science".
6944:: The Munich Conciliation and Pacification Attempt
6401:
The Statistical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
5894:"February 1927: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle"
3839:— (1933). "Ăber den Bau der Atomkerne. III".
2818:in Munich. Heisenberg initially proposed the title
2368:joined to help Heisenberg establish the institute.
2324:
Executive positions at German research institutions
1584:
680:
677:
10251:
10177:
9504:
9457:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
9095:"Interview with Werner Heisenberg â F. David Peat"
7838:(PhD thesis). Kent State University. p. 298.
7497:
7396:
7369:
7328:
6889:
6823:
6088:
5588:
4919:
4816:
4758:
3802:— (1932). "Ăber den Bau der Atomkerne. II".
1157:" (imprecision), not uncertainty, to describe it.
723:; 5 December 1901 â 1 February 1976) was a German
9081:Science and Religion in Wittgenstein's Fly-Bottle
8296:"Das elektrodynamische Verhalten der Supraleiter"
8231:
7114:
6021:
5682:
4851:Tradition in der Wissenschaft. Reden und AufsÀtze
4288:"Das elektrodynamische Verhalten der Supraleiter"
3765:— (1932). "Ăber den Bau der Atomkerne. I".
2760:In the history of science, ever since the famous
2680:on the historical development of the concepts of
2669:and spoke against a possible nuclear armament of
2532:of physics. The lectures were later published as
2441:Promotion of international scientific cooperation
1781:
1485:not constant. The frequencies which occur in the
1137:over a period of about six months, developed the
826:Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics
30:"Heisenberg" redirects here. For other uses, see
12158:
9124:Marganau, Henry (1985). "Why am I a Christian".
8192:"German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project"
7184:
6147:
6041:
6039:
4841:Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations
4819:Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations
4475:— (1949). "Production of mesons showers".
4244:— (1947). "Zur Theorie der Supraleitung".
3183:O und U und 40 cm KohlerĂŒckstreumantel (B7)
2641:From 1957 onwards, Heisenberg was interested in
2520:In late 1955 to early 1956, Heisenberg gave the
1949:(KWIP, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics) in
1797:In mid-1936, Heisenberg presented his theory of
1113:fellowship, Heisenberg went to do research with
10272:
10135:
9899:
9862:
8967:
7367:
6565:. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on 1 February 2012.
6502:The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics
6183:
6131:
6127:
5636:
3114:Bericht ĂŒber UnfĂ€lle beim Umgang mit Uranmetall
2406:. In 1951, the organization was fused with the
2376:. The core research focus of the institute was
1864:
1826:with neutrons, leading Hahn to conclude that a
1336:had already described this in a 1929 letter to
12322:Niels Bohr International Gold Medal recipients
12287:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
11971:
9036:
8775:
8573:
8239:
7690:
7351:
7349:
7171:. The authors were identified as being at the
7036:Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Ultrastrahlung
6986:
6837:
6835:
6807:
6805:
6224:
6079:
6077:
5904:(2). American Physics Society. February 2008.
5648:
5397:. Adherents.com. Retrieved on 1 February 2012.
4799:. Rowohlts EnzyklopÀdie. Vol. 8. Rowohlt.
3200:
3188:Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg
3141:Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg
3130:Werner Heisenberg, Fritz Bopp, Erich Fischer,
3066:Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg
3045:Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg
2946:Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
2936:, and an International Honorary Member of the
2423:Max-Planck-Institut fĂŒr Physik und Astrophysik
2232:
1778:movement in theoretical physics and academia.
12367:Members of the American Philosophical Society
12302:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
12232:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
12222:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
11957:
10446:
9378:Gerd W. Buschhorn; Julius Wess, eds. (2012).
8153:Gerd W. Buschhorn; Julius Wess, eds. (2012).
8128:Gerd W. Buschhorn; Julius Wess, eds. (2012).
8123:
8121:
8100:Gerd W. Buschhorn; Julius Wess, eds. (2012).
7693:"Nuclear scientists as assassination targets"
7222:
6551:
6549:
6036:
5214:The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory
4761:The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory
3154:Die Energiegewinnung aus der Atomkernspaltung
2544:(Commission II "Research and Growth") of the
2394:was instrumental in the establishment of the
1885:(HWA, Army Ordnance Office) had squeezed the
991:; the thesis discussed both the stability of
10324:Annotated Bibliography for Werner Heisenberg
8095:
8093:
7921:Operation Epsilon: The Farm Hall Transcripts
7267:
6491:The paper was received on 16 November 1925.
5788:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5395:The religion of Werner Heisenberg, physicist
5203:List of things named after Werner Heisenberg
5036:Heisenberg's surname is used as the primary
2603:was also a member of the group during 1957.
1308:identified a track as having been made by a
727:, one of the main pioneers of the theory of
12327:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
12237:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
10418:Newspaper clippings about Werner Heisenberg
10373:Werner Heisenberg: Atomic Physics Mentorees
10220:
10098:
10085:
9973:
9936:
9141:. Harvard University Press, London. p. 32.
8871:
8859:
8811:
8763:
8713:
8665:
8617:
8561:
8552:Proc. International Congress Mathematicians
8537:
8483:
8435:
8387:
8375:
8327:
8281:
7895:, pp. 268â274, Reference #40 on p. 262
7666:
7618:
7570:
7407:
7405:
7368:Mehra, Jagdish; Rechenberg, Helmut (2001).
7346:
7175:, Berlin-Dahlem. Received 22 December 1938.
7123:
7108:
7083:
7043:
7022:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6832:
6802:
6693:
6681:
6673:
6669:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6271:Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences
6152:. Cambridge University Press. p. 132.
6135:
6074:
6030:
6015:
6003:
5987:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5930:
5691:
5676:
5600:
5591:, Appendix F; see the entry for Heisenberg.
5571:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5270:
4596:Proc. International Congress Mathematicians
2884:Heisenberg was awarded a number of honors:
2687:
2606:In 1957, Heisenberg was a signatory of the
2542:Fachkommission II "Forschung und Nachwuchs"
2421:was moved to Munich, expanded, and renamed
2303:
953:At Göttingen, under Born, he completed his
842:
11964:
11950:
10453:
10439:
10047:
10010:
9825:
9788:
9242:
9199:
8998:
8823:
8725:
8677:
8629:
8549:
8495:
8447:
8399:
8293:
8118:
7978:. German History in Documents and Images.
7630:
7582:
7533:
7361:
7055:
6677:
6652:
6635:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6568:
6546:
6412:
6172:
5999:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5926:
5535:
5510:
5342:
5266:
5264:
5262:
2870:The Political Life of an Apolitical Person
2778:
2408:Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft
1877:, was formed on 1 September 1939, the day
1792:
1278:, where he lectured on quantum mechanics.
750:. In the subsequent series of papers with
49:
9681:
9634:
9584:
9563:
9058:. Toronto; New York : Bantam Books.
9032:
9030:
8521:
8475:
8319:
8265:
8189:
8090:
8084:
7956:
7932:
7904:
7880:
7821:
7678:
7293:
6853:
6793:
6755:
6743:
6731:
6648:
6646:
6525:
6513:
6317:
6268:
5577:
5494:. New York: Norton & Company. p. 31.
5432:
4882:Philosophical problems of quantum physics
4457:
4422:
4311:
4276:
3001:), an internal publication of the German
2918:Grand Cross for Federal Service with Star
1891:(RFR, Reich Research Council) out of the
1438:Learn how and when to remove this message
770:"for the creation of quantum mechanics".
183:Heisenberg's entryway to matrix mechanics
10328:Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
10201:
9766:
9732:
8961:
8030:
7944:
7856:
7766:
7764:
7755:
7691:Tobey, William (JanuaryâFebruary 2012),
7453:
7441:
7402:
7355:
7340:
6841:
6811:
6591:
6588: â Nobel Prize Presentation Speech.
6045:
5765:Rundbrief der Regionen Donau und MĂŒnchen
5294:
5208:List of German inventors and discoverers
4996:Physik und Philosophie: Weltperspektiven
4911:Physik und Philosophie: Weltperspektiven
2991:The following reports were published in
2874:Das politische Leben eines Unpolitischen
2843:
2657:which called for the recognition of the
2307:
2161:
2152:
1963:
1818:reporting they had detected the element
1770:. The most influential of the three was
1725:supporters. One attack was published in
1609:picture of our relationships with nature
913:
820:, which soon thereafter was renamed the
27:German theoretical physicist (1901â1976)
9745:
9721:
9433:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
9337:
9325:
8883:
7868:
7833:
7786:
6954:
6865:
6770:"Werner Heisenberg and Albert Einstein"
6095:. New York: Harper & Row. pp.
5975:
5936:
5873:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5854:
5821:
5612:
5418:
5382:
5370:
5259:
4807:Philosophic Problems of Nuclear Science
3248:Sommerfeld, A.; Heisenberg, W. (1922).
3207:Sommerfeld, A.; Heisenberg, W. (1922).
3179:Bericht ĂŒber einen Versuch mit 1.5 to D
3068:Versuche mit Schichtenanordnungen von D
2928:Elected an International Member of the
2540:(Nuclear Physics Working Group) of the
2196:On 30 March, the Alsos Mission reached
2149:to the facilities in the Black Forest.
2128:Bohr's Institute of Theoretical Physics
2119:. In December 1943, Heisenberg visited
961:(habilitation thesis) on the anomalous
870:(ordinarius professor) of medieval and
14:
12267:Scientists from the Kingdom of Bavaria
12159:
10296:
10249:
9702:
9520:
9313:
9301:
9289:
9277:
9078:
9027:
8955:
8943:
8931:
8919:
8177:
8012:from the original on 15 September 2015
7961:. Woodbury NY: AIP Press. p. 139.
7892:
7524:, pp. 52, Reference #40 on p. 262
7521:
7509:
7411:
6895:'White Jews' in Science (15 July 1937)
6877:
6828:'White Jews' in Science (15 July 1937)
6767:
6713:from the original on 15 September 2008
6659:. Harcourt, Brace. pp. 15, 28â29.
6643:
6602:
6083:
5624:
5463:
5406:
5112:portrayed Heisenberg in the 2002 film
3017:United States Atomic Energy Commission
2848:The grave of the Heisenberg family in
2676:In 1973, Heisenberg gave a lecture at
2435:Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitĂ€t MĂŒnchen
2157:
2089:PreuĂische Akademie der Wissenschaften
1804:In December 1938, the German chemists
1682:Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitĂ€t MĂŒnchen
1653:and anti-theoretical physics movement
924:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
11945:
10434:
9051:
9041:. Harper & Row. pp. 213â229.
8980:from the original on 18 November 2018
7761:
6194:
5237:
5235:
5031:
2938:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2897:Technological University of Karlsruhe
2476:
1596:The Physicist's Conception of Nature,
909:
877:Heisenberg was raised and lived as a
831:Heisenberg was also president of the
746:in 1925, a major reinterpretation of
710:
353:
12307:Academic staff of Leipzig University
12187:Foreign members of the Royal Society
9509:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
9461:from the original on 31 January 2016
9157:
9083:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 75.
8065:Heisenberg, Bohr and the atomic bomb
8045:"Darum hatte Hitler keine Atombombe"
8042:
6656:The Physicist's Conception of Nature
6356:
6048:"The Most Dangerous Possible German"
5908:from the original on 30 January 2011
5703:
2994:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
2879:
2610:, taking a public stand against the
2255:of the British foreign intelligence
1643:who acts like a Jew). Supporters of
1513:The dipole oscillator consists of a
1473:by physical reasoning, based on the
1376:adding citations to reliable sources
1347:
1344:Matrix mechanics and the Nobel Prize
1101:From 1924 to 1927, Heisenberg was a
1084:, became a physics professor at the
936:Georg-August University of Göttingen
818:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics
416:Pour le MĂ©rite for Sciences and Arts
10359:Key Participants: Werner Heisenberg
8003:
7479:Prof. Werner Carl Heisenberg (I662)
6526:Greenspan, Nancy Thorndike (2005).
3170:, Erwin FĂŒnfer, Werner Heisenberg,
2999:Research Reports in Nuclear Physics
2987:Research reports on nuclear physics
2980:Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
2820:GesprÀche im Umkreis der Atomphysik
2356:was appointed vice director, while
2220:were at Heisenberg's laboratory in
2037:production and thus maintained its
1633:neutron-proton model of the nucleus
1623:Shortly after the discovery of the
1615:
852:Werner Karl Heisenberg was born in
731:, and a principal scientist in the
428:Niels Bohr International Gold Medal
308:Protonâneutron model of the nucleus
24:
10181:; Hentschel, Ann M., eds. (1996).
9052:Capra, Fritjof (11 January 1989).
8455:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
8061:
7173:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fĂŒr Chemie
6768:Holton, Gerald (12 January 2007).
5232:
4941:—; Northrop, Filmer (1999).
4750:
4402:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
3190:Die Neutronenvermehrung in einem D
2179:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fĂŒr Physik
2147:Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut fĂŒr Physik
2101:Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut fĂŒr Physik
1947:Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut fĂŒr Physik
1160:In 1927, Heisenberg was appointed
1091:
874:studies in the university system.
168:Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
25:
12378:
12347:Recipients of the Matteucci Medal
10317:
9200:Heisenberg, Werner (8 May 2007).
9160:"Einstein and the quantum theory"
8498:"Bemerkungen um Turbulenzproblem"
7923:. University of California Press.
7733:from the original on 23 July 2014
7698:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
7268:Frisch, O.R. (18 February 1939).
6709:. American Institute of Physics.
5131:portrayed Heisenberg in the 2023
4796:Das Naturbild der heutigen Physik
4434:"Bemerkungen um Turbulenzproblem"
3613:formulation of quantum mechanics.
3571:formulation of quantum mechanics.
3529:formulation of quantum mechanics.
3021:Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center
2471:Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
2087:). In April, his election to the
1097:Göttingen, Copenhagen and Leipzig
837:Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
12357:20th-century Freikorps personnel
9663:and a reply by Jeremy Bernstein.
9526:
9514:
9507:, Appendix E; see the entry for
9498:
9473:
9447:
9421:
9396:
9371:
9343:
9331:
9319:
9307:
9295:
9283:
9271:
9236:
9227:
9193:
9151:
9131:
9118:
9105:
9087:
9072:
9045:
8992:
8968:Dönhoff, Marion (2 March 1962).
8949:
8937:
8925:
8913:
8889:
8877:
8865:
8817:
8769:
8719:
8671:
8623:
8567:
8543:
8489:
8441:
8393:
8381:
8333:
8287:
8225:
8183:
8171:
8146:
8078:
8055:
8043:POPP, Manfred (4 January 2017).
8036:
8024:
7997:
7985:from the original on 19 May 2017
7965:
7950:
7938:
7926:
7910:
7898:
7886:
7874:
7862:
7850:
7827:
7815:
7792:
7749:
7684:
7672:
7624:
6892:, pp. 152â157 Document #55
6826:, pp. 152â157 Document #55
5360:. American Institute of Physics.
5187:
5173:
4858:—; Busche, JĂŒrgen (1979).
2806:memoirs had been published, but
2797:publication, it was reviewed by
2350:Max Planck Institute for Physics
2240:Nuclear Physics Research Reports
1585:Interpretation of quantum theory
1352:
1025:
822:Max Planck Institute for Physics
673:
658:
12317:Winners of the Max Planck Medal
12292:Scouting and Guiding in Germany
12262:Nuclear program of Nazi Germany
9556:
8972:[Lobbyists of reason].
7576:
7527:
7515:
7503:
7491:
7472:
7459:
7447:
7435:
7417:
7390:
7343:, p. picture facing p. 124
7334:
7322:
7261:
7216:
7178:
7129:
7089:
7049:
7028:
6980:
6960:
6948:
6883:
6871:
6859:
6847:
6817:
6761:
6749:
6737:
6725:
6699:
6687:
6663:
6556:The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932
6519:
6507:
6494:
6450:
6406:
6384:
6350:
6297:
6262:
6218:
6188:
6177:
6166:
6141:
6121:
6009:
5993:
5981:
5920:
5886:
5860:
5848:
5827:
5815:
5782:
5750:
5724:
5697:
5642:
5630:
5618:
5606:
5594:
5529:
5504:
5484:
5457:
5412:
5400:
5072:that Walt cooks in for much of
2824:Conversations on atomic physics
2661:as the official border between
2412:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1363:needs additional citations for
712:[ËvÉÊnÉkaÊlËhaÉȘznÌ©bÉÊk]
349:
173:Heisenberg commutation relation
12362:Max Planck Institute directors
12312:Burials at Munich Waldfriedhof
12272:German philosophers of science
12257:20th-century German physicists
9707:. Cambridge University Press.
9505:Hentschel & Hentschel 1996
9265:10.1080/00963402.1973.11455537
9158:Pais, Abraham (October 1979).
8242:"Zur Theorie der Supraleitung"
7498:Hentschel & Hentschel 1996
7397:Hentschel & Hentschel 1996
7329:Hentschel & Hentschel 1996
6890:Hentschel & Hentschel 1996
6824:Hentschel & Hentschel 1996
6447:(received 27 September 1925).
5589:Hentschel & Hentschel 1996
5388:
5376:
5364:
5350:
5332:
5276:
5155:Star Trek: The Next Generation
5143:Heisenberg is the namesake of
4926:. Princeton University Press.
4253:"Zur Theorie der Supraleitung"
3007:. The reports were classified
2930:American Philosophical Society
2839:: Encounters and Conversations
2754:Scientific and Religious Truth
2724:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
2481:In 1946, the German scientist
2433:(ordinarius professor) at the
2419:Max-Planck-Institut fĂŒr Physik
2085:Humboldt-UniversitÀt zu Berlin
2081:Friedrich-Wilhelms-UniversitÀt
1871:German nuclear weapons program
1861:at the close of World War II.
1788:German nuclear weapons program
1782:German nuclear weapons program
1577:, led to the discovery of the
1480:In Copenhagen, Heisenberg and
858:Kaspar Ernst August Heisenberg
847:
13:
1:
12297:German theoretical physicists
10353:American Institute of Physics
9455:"W.K. Heisenberg (1901â1976)"
9245:Bulletin of Atomic Scientists
9068:– via Internet Archive.
8008:. American Physical Society.
7746:1993 book "Heisenberg's War".
7469:, Macmillan, 1970, pp. 225ff.
5464:Wilber, Ken (10 April 2001).
5220:
3132:Carl-Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
3100:Carl-Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
3025:American Institute of Physics
2741:When Heisenberg accepted the
2632:Carl Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
2597:Carl Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
2362:Carl Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
2344:and the establishment of the
2276:Carl Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
2185:and its neighbouring town of
1959:Carl Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
1943:Carl Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
1245:Carl Friedrich von WeizsÀcker
223:HeisenbergâLangevin equations
10279:Sources of Quantum Mechanics
8190:Oleynikov, Pavel V. (2000).
6603:Smolin, Lee (9 April 2019).
6532:. Basic Books. p. 190.
6366:. Clarendon Press. pp.
5824:, p. 372 and Appendix A
4977:Deutsche und JĂŒdische Physik
2923:Knight of the Order of Merit
2717:Regarding the philosophy of
2136:Office of Strategic Services
2107:and its neighboring town of
2093:Prussian Academy of Sciences
1865:Membership in the Uranverein
1579:allotropic forms of hydrogen
1005:linear differential equation
758:, during the same year, his
733:Nazi nuclear weapons program
526:Other academic advisors
208:Heisenberg model (classical)
7:
12337:People associated with CERN
10422:20th Century Press Archives
10206:. Oxford University Press.
9752:. Bellevue Literary Press.
9682:Beyerchen, Alan D. (1977).
9612: • See also
9360:(in German). Archived from
9001:American Journal of Physics
8199:The Nonproliferation Review
7190:American Journal of Physics
7042:Volume 18, 50, as cited by
6653:Heisenberg, Werner (1958).
6504:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 206â207.
6306:American Journal of Physics
6184:Heisenberg & Euler 1936
6132:Heisenberg & Pauli 1930
6128:Heisenberg & Pauli 1929
5876:, Oxford University Press.
5734:(in German). Archived from
5708:(in German). Archived from
5511:Rechenberg, Helmut (2010).
5327:Nobel Prize in Physics 1932
5315:Werner Heisenberg Biography
5166:
4722:American Journal of Physics
3201:Other research publications
2612:Federal Republic of Germany
2447:Federal Republic of Germany
2400:Federal Republic of Germany
2233:1945: Reaction to Hiroshima
2117:German-occupied Netherlands
1894:Reichserziehungsministerium
1517:, which is thought of as a
1086:University of New Hampshire
613:Other notable students
268:Generalized optical theorem
228:EulerâHeisenberg Lagrangian
32:Heisenberg (disambiguation)
10:
12383:
12252:Nobel laureates in Physics
10202:Macrakis, Kristie (1993).
9746:Cassidy, David C. (2009).
9722:Cassidy, David C. (1992).
9673:: CS1 maint: postscript (
9564:Bernstein, Jeremy (2001).
9115:. John Hunt Publishing, UK
7957:Bernstein, Jeremy (1996).
7319:is dated 17 January 1939.
7107:Volume 19, 2, as cited by
6607:. London. pp. 92â93.
5868:Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice
5615:, pp. 127, Appendix A
5470:. Shambhala Publications.
5443:10.1007/s10699-019-09619-2
5288:Collins English Dictionary
5099:The Man in the High Castle
4913:. Ullstein Taschenbuchvlg.
3194:O-38-Metallschichtensystem
2485:, head of Laboratory V in
2169:
1785:
1663:Nobel Laureates in Physics
1515:simple harmonic oscillator
1320:for any point particle of
1290:relativistic wave equation
1241:Victor Frederick Weisskopf
1201:William Vermillion Houston
1068:One of Heisenberg's sons,
864:who became Germany's only
620:William Vermillion Houston
233:KramersâHeisenberg formula
213:Heisenberg model (quantum)
29:
12277:German quantum physicists
12227:Max Planck Society people
12084:
12069:Charles Scott Sherrington
12059:
12040:
12024:
12000:
11981:
11582:
11239:
10928:
10706:
10472:
9614:Gottstein, Klaus (2004).
9187:10.1103/RevModPhys.51.863
9167:Reviews of Modern Physics
8970:"Lobbyisten der Vernunft"
8211:10.1080/10736700008436807
7429:17 September 2008 at the
6939:pp. 290â292 Document #93
6934:pp. 261â266 Document #85
6920:pp. 176â177 Document #64
6906:pp. 175â176 Document #63
6259:(received 29 July 1925).
5841:15 September 2008 at the
5358:"Reviving German Science"
5152:In the television series
5048:), the lead character in
5024:full text of 1958 version
2953:(Rome), and the American
2788:to the Hirzel Verlag and
2383:Heisenberg together with
1304:, the American physicist
1170:Pauli exclusion principle
657:
652:
648:
612:
546:
525:
513:
495:
454:
444:
437:
378:
363:
333:
163:Copenhagen interpretation
150:
129:
119:
93:
60:
48:
41:
12282:German fluid dynamicists
12197:German mountain climbers
12182:Scientists from WĂŒrzburg
10368:Nobelprize.org biography
10351:biographical exhibit by
9703:Carson, Cathryn (2010).
9621:. LETTER TO THE EDITOR.
9546:4 September 2015 at the
9429:"Werner Karl Heisenberg"
7834:Mahoney, Leo J. (1981).
7805:. Belkanp. pp. 208â209.
7719:10.1177/0096340211433019
7078:10.1002/andp.19384250705
6046:Valiunas, Algis (2019).
5671:10.1002/andp.19243791502
5515:. Springer. p. 36.
4788:. Philosophical Library.
4078:10.1002/andp.19384250705
3443:10.1002/andp.19243791502
3377:10.1002/andp.19243790902
3348:10.1002/andp.19243790902
3059:, and Werner Heisenberg
2901:Eötvös Lorånd University
2688:Philosophy and worldview
2304:Post-war research career
2057:(uranium machine, i.e.,
1711:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1691:Reich Education Ministry
1475:correspondence principle
1237:John Hasbrouck van Vleck
1172:to solve the mystery of
1119:University of Copenhagen
1016:German Scout association
903:Bavarian Soviet Republic
843:Early life and education
467:University of Copenhagen
303:Spin isomers of hydrogen
10347:16 October 2012 at the
10250:Powers, Thomas (1993).
10172:arXiv:physics/0605038v1
9535:was the cover name for
9137:Holton, Gerald (2005).
8906:5 February 2012 at the
8872:Mott & Peierls 1977
8860:Mott & Peierls 1977
8812:Mott & Peierls 1977
8764:Mott & Peierls 1977
8729:Die Naturwissenschaften
8714:Mott & Peierls 1977
8666:Mott & Peierls 1977
8618:Mott & Peierls 1977
8562:Mott & Peierls 1977
8538:Mott & Peierls 1977
8523:10.1515/zna-1948-8-1103
8496:Heisenberg, W. (1948).
8484:Mott & Peierls 1977
8448:Heisenberg, W. (1948).
8436:Mott & Peierls 1977
8388:Mott & Peierls 1977
8376:Mott & Peierls 1977
8328:Mott & Peierls 1977
8294:Heisenberg, W. (1948).
8282:Mott & Peierls 1977
8240:Heisenberg, W. (1947).
7667:Mott & Peierls 1977
7619:Mott & Peierls 1977
7571:Mott & Peierls 1977
7315:23 January 2009 at the
7124:Mott & Peierls 1977
7109:Mott & Peierls 1977
7105:Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges.
7084:Mott & Peierls 1977
7044:Mott & Peierls 1977
7040:Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges.
7023:Mott & Peierls 1977
6989:Die Naturwissenschaften
6975:Mott & Peierls 1977
6694:Mott & Peierls 1977
6682:Mott & Peierls 1977
6396:19 October 2012 at the
6136:Mott & Peierls 1977
6031:Mott & Peierls 1977
6016:Mott & Peierls 1977
6004:Mott & Peierls 1977
5988:Mott & Peierls 1977
5931:Mott & Peierls 1977
5692:Mott & Peierls 1977
5677:Mott & Peierls 1977
5601:Mott & Peierls 1977
5572:Mott & Peierls 1977
5490:Miller, Arthur (2009).
5271:Mott & Peierls 1977
4610:Die Naturwissenschaften
4459:10.1515/zna-1948-8-1103
4008:Die Naturwissenschaften
3963:arXiv:physics/0605038v1
3138:G-162 (30 October 1942)
3042:G-40 (29 February 1940)
2907:Bavarian Order of Merit
2779:Autobiography and death
2546:Deutsche Atomkommission
2538:Arbeitskreis Kernphysik
2334:Allied-occupied Germany
1847:Samuel Abraham Goudsmit
1793:Pre-war work on physics
1761:German Physical Society
1731:, the newspaper of the
1709:, who had received the
1065:, in southern Germany.
1001:OrrâSommerfeld equation
833:German Research Council
462:University of Göttingen
203:Heisenberg's microscope
142:University of Göttingen
12202:German Nobel laureates
12090:Nobel Prize recipients
12061:Physiology or Medicine
10466:Nobel Prize in Physics
10342:Heisenberg/Uncertainty
10337:Werner Karl Heisenberg
10235:10.1098/rsbm.1977.0009
10050:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
8477:10.1098/rspa.1948.0127
7907:, pp. 50, 363â365
7467:Inside the Third Reich
7095:Heisenberg, W. (1938)
7034:Heisenberg, W. (1937)
6900:1 January 2016 at the
6575:Nobel Prize in Physics
6459:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
6415:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
6403:, Nobel Lecture (1954)
6227:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
5882:10.1093/ref:odnb/31032
5421:Foundations of Science
5052:'s crime drama series
4424:10.1098/rspa.1948.0127
4122:Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges
4045:Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges
3878:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
3577:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
3535:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
3493:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Physik
3185:G-300 (3 January 1945)
3074:G-75 (28 October 1941)
3063:G-22 (5 December 1940)
3035:G-39 (6 December 1939)
2962:Nobel Prize in Physics
2893:University of Brussels
2853:
2832:The part and the whole
2828:Der Teil und das Ganze
2772:
2736:Physics and Philosophy
2721:, Heisenberg disliked
2655:Memorandum of TĂŒbingen
2628:Memorandum of TĂŒbingen
2528:, in Scotland, on the
2431:ordentlicher Professor
2342:Allied Control Council
2340:'s dissolution by the
2338:Kaiser Wilhelm Society
2320:
2167:
2121:German-occupied Poland
1970:
1851:University of Michigan
1703:Nobel Prize in Physics
1693:and the supporters of
1613:
1571:Nobel Prize in Physics
1463:non-commuting matrices
1283:mathematical physicist
1162:ordentlicher Professor
1121:. His seminal paper, "
1111:Rockefeller Foundation
1078:University of WĂŒrzburg
919:
867:ordentlicher Professor
768:Nobel Prize in Physics
669:Werner Karl Heisenberg
398:Nobel Prize in Physics
318:Wave function collapse
188:Heisenberg ferromagnet
65:Werner Karl Heisenberg
10297:Walker, Mark (1993).
10274:van der Waerden, B.L.
9774:. Tomash Publishers.
9111:Moore, Lance (2019).
8321:10.1515/zna-1948-0201
8267:10.1515/zna-1947-0401
7959:Hitler's Uranium Club
7777:. Award. pp. 219â241.
5789:Raum, Helmut (2008).
5320:7 August 2011 at the
5146:Resident Evil Village
5129:Matthias Schweighöfer
5086:The Catcher Was a Spy
4313:10.1515/zna-1948-0201
4278:10.1515/zna-1947-0401
3098:, Werner Heisenberg,
2847:
2790:John Wiley & Sons
2758:
2743:Romano Guardini Prize
2526:St Andrews University
2311:
2272:Farm Hall transcripts
2189:, on the edge of the
2165:
2153:Post-Second World War
2111:, on the edge of the
1967:
1881:began in Europe. The
1812:sent a manuscript to
1604:
1508:anharmonic oscillator
1503:BohrâSommerfeld model
1281:In 1928, the British
1276:University of Chicago
1166:University of Leipzig
1147:uncertainty principle
1080:, while another son,
1020:German Youth Movement
946:and mathematics with
917:
764:uncertainty principle
725:theoretical physicist
579:Friedwardt Winterberg
487:University of Chicago
472:University of Leipzig
288:Resonance (chemistry)
9408:search.amphilsoc.org
9404:"APS Member History"
9079:Labron, Tim (2017).
9039:Across the Frontiers
7484:15 June 2008 at the
7414:, pp. 19, 94â95
6584:15 July 2008 at the
6561:16 July 2008 at the
5637:van der Waerden 1968
5094:TV series adaptation
4902:Tradition in Science
4823:. Harper & Row.
4769:; Hoyt, F.C. Dover.
3127:G-161 (31 July 1942)
3125:O und 3 to 38-Metall
3049:G-23 (7 August 1940)
2951:Accademia dei Lincei
2866:Elisabeth Heisenberg
2786:unified field theory
2769:Heisenberg 1974, 213
2574:Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
2530:intellectual history
2455:particle accelerator
2318:Garching bei MĂŒnchen
2291:calculation errors.
2134:. The United States
2049:production, uranium
1815:The Natural Sciences
1659:theory of relativity
1531:perturbation methods
1372:improve this article
1272:quantum field theory
1063:Urfeld am Walchensee
959:Habilitationsschrift
482:University of Munich
477:University of Berlin
339:Elisabeth Schumacher
273:Quantum field theory
258:Electron hole theory
253:Exchange interaction
137:University of Munich
10150:1936ZPhy...98..714H
10113:1936ZPhy..101..533H
10062:1934ZPhy...90..209H
10025:1933ZPhy...80..587H
9988:1932ZPhy...78..156H
9951:1932ZPhy...77....1H
9914:1930ZPhy...59..168H
9877:1929ZPhy...56....1H
9840:1928ZPhy...49..619H
9803:1927ZPhy...43..172H
9768:Goudsmit, Samuel A.
9645:2004AmJPh..72.1143G
9599:2004AmJPh..72..300B
9481:"Werner Heisenberg"
9328:, pp. 262, 545
9257:1973BuAtS..29j...4H
9179:1979RvMP...51..863P
9013:1975AmJPh..43..389H
8838:1955NCim....2S..96H
8790:1952ZPhy..133...65H
8742:1952NW.....39...69H
8692:1949ZPhy..126..569H
8644:1949NCim....6S.493H
8588:1949Natur.164...65H
8514:1948ZNatA...3..434H
8468:1948RSPSA.195..402H
8414:1948ZPhy..124..628H
8354:1948ZPhy..124..514H
8312:1948ZNatA...3...65H
8258:1947ZNatA...2..185H
7935:, pp. xviiâxix
7711:2012BuAtS..68a..61T
7645:1944ZPhy..123...93H
7597:1943ZPhy..120..673H
7549:1943ZPhy..120..513H
7286:1939Natur.143..276F
7237:1939Natur.143..239M
7202:1990AmJPh..58..262S
7151:1939NW.....27...11H
7139:Naturwissenschaften
7070:1938AnP...425..594H
7001:1937NW.....25..749H
6928:3 June 2016 at the
6914:21 May 2016 at the
6786:2000PhT....53g..38H
6500:Jammer, Max (1966)
6471:1926ZPhy...35..557B
6427:1925ZPhy...34..858B
6328:2004AmJPh..72.1370A
6239:1925ZPhy...33..879H
5836:The Difficult Years
5732:"Heisenberg Werner"
5663:1924AnP...379..577H
5550:1924ZPhy...26..291H
4734:1975AmJPh..43..389H
4697:1955NCim....2S..96H
4660:1952ZPhy..133...65H
4623:1952NW.....39...69H
4571:1949ZPhy..126..569H
4534:1949NCim....6S.493H
4489:1949Natur.164...65H
4450:1948ZNatA...3..434H
4415:1948RSPSA.195..402H
4372:1948ZPhy..124..628H
4335:1948ZPhy..124..514H
4304:1948ZNatA...3...65H
4269:1947ZNatA...2..185H
4221:1944ZPhy..123...93H
4184:1943ZPhy..120..673H
4147:1943ZPhy..120..513H
4099:1938NCim...15...31H
4070:1938AnP...425..594H
4020:1937NW.....25..749H
3983:1936ZPhy..101..533H
3941:1936ZPhy...98..714H
3890:1934ZPhy...90..209H
3853:1933ZPhy...80..587H
3816:1932ZPhy...78..156H
3779:1932ZPhy...77....1H
3742:1930ZPhy...59..168H
3705:1929ZPhy...56....1H
3668:1928ZPhy...49..619H
3631:1927ZPhy...43..172H
3589:1926ZPhy...35..557B
3547:1925ZPhy...34..858B
3505:1925ZPhy...33..879H
3464:1924ZPhy...26..291H
3435:1924AnP...379..577H
3398:1924ZPhy...23..388B
3369:1924AnP...379....1B
3340:1924AnP...379....1B
3303:1923ZPhy...14...44B
3266:1922ZPhy...11..131S
3225:1922ZPhy...10..393S
3116:G-135 (9 July 1942)
2974:Max-Planck-Medaille
2955:Academy of Sciences
2889:Honorary doctorates
2864:In 1980 his widow,
2859:Munich Waldfriedhof
2850:Munich Waldfriedhof
2719:Ludwig Wittgenstein
2704:Rabindranath Tagore
2692:Heisenberg admired
2645:and the process of
2618:. Heisenberg, like
2614:arming itself with
2570:Willibald Jentschke
2158:1945: Alsos Mission
2132:neutral Switzerland
1888:Reichsforschungsrat
1768:UniversitÀt Leipzig
1387:"Werner Heisenberg"
1306:Carl David Anderson
1030:Heisenberg enjoyed
862:classical languages
828:from 1960 to 1970.
795:subatomic particles
739:. He published his
604:Hans Heinrich Euler
599:Hermann Arthur Jahn
449:Theoretical physics
313:Vacuum polarization
278:Quantum fluctuation
124:Munich Waldfriedhof
10405:on 26 January 2013
10385:on 26 January 2013
10158:10.1007/BF01343663
10144:(11â12): 714â732.
10121:10.1007/BF01349603
10070:10.1007/BF01333516
10033:10.1007/BF01335696
9996:10.1007/BF01337585
9959:10.1007/BF01342433
9922:10.1007/BF01341423
9885:10.1007/BF01340129
9848:10.1007/BF01328601
9811:10.1007/BF01397280
9523:, pp. 268â274
9304:, pp. 145â146
8946:, pp. 335â336
8846:10.1007/BF02746079
8798:10.1007/BF01948683
8750:10.1007/BF00596818
8700:10.1007/BF01330108
8652:10.1007/BF02822044
8638:(Suppl): 493â497.
8422:10.1007/BF01668899
8390:, pp. 238â239
8362:10.1007/BF01668888
8180:, pp. 184â185
7871:, pp. 491â510
7799:Naimark, Norman M.
7789:, pp. 491â500
7681:, pp. 300â304
7653:10.1007/BF01375146
7605:10.1007/BF01336936
7591:(11â12): 673â702.
7557:10.1007/BF01329800
7358:, pp. 164â169
7159:10.1007/BF01488241
7103:Volume 15, 31â34;
7058:Annalen der Physik
7009:10.1007/BF01789574
6868:, pp. 383â387
6856:, pp. 153â167
6844:, pp. 117â119
6758:, pp. 103â140
6734:, pp. 141â167
6479:10.1007/BF01379806
6435:10.1007/BF01328531
6319:quant-ph/0404009v1
6247:10.1007/BF01328377
6018:, pp. 226â227
5866:Kragh, H. (2004) "
5712:on 18 October 2009
5704:Maringer, Daniel.
5651:Annalen der Physik
5558:10.1007/BF01327336
5341:on Nobelprize.org
5273:, pp. 212â251
5243:old quantum theory
5032:In popular culture
4973:Rechenberg, Helmut
4705:10.1007/BF02746079
4668:10.1007/BF01948683
4631:10.1007/BF00596818
4579:10.1007/BF01330108
4542:10.1007/BF02822044
4380:10.1007/BF01668899
4343:10.1007/BF01668888
4229:10.1007/BF01375146
4192:10.1007/BF01336936
4178:(11â12): 673â702.
4155:10.1007/BF01329800
4107:10.1007/BF02958314
4058:Annalen der Physik
4028:10.1007/BF01789574
3991:10.1007/BF01349603
3949:10.1007/BF01343663
3935:(11â12): 714â732.
3898:10.1007/BF01333516
3861:10.1007/BF01335696
3824:10.1007/BF01337585
3787:10.1007/BF01342433
3750:10.1007/BF01341423
3713:10.1007/BF01340129
3676:10.1007/BF01328601
3639:10.1007/BF01397280
3597:10.1007/BF01379806
3555:10.1007/BF01328531
3513:10.1007/BF01328377
3472:10.1007/BF01327336
3423:Annalen der Physik
3406:10.1007/BF01327603
3357:Annalen der Physik
3311:10.1007/BF01340032
3274:10.1007/BF01328408
3233:10.1007/BF01332582
3196:G-373 (March 1942)
3156:G-217 (6 May 1943)
3152:Werner Heisenberg
3119:Werner Heisenberg
3109:G-127 (March 1942)
3084:Werner Heisenberg
3077:Werner Heisenberg
3038:Werner Heisenberg
3031:Werner Heisenberg
2854:
2837:Physics and Beyond
2699:The Tao of Physics
2694:Eastern philosophy
2678:Harvard University
2608:Göttinger Manifest
2477:Research interests
2346:Max Planck Society
2321:
2314:Max Planck Society
2243:as members of the
2168:
2051:isotope separation
1971:
1836:Otto Robert Frisch
1728:Das Schwarze Korps
1548:Breslau University
1469:multiplication of
1296:. In 1932, from a
1265:Robert Oppenheimer
1209:Robert S. Mulliken
1042:Small Is Beautiful
995:and the nature of
920:
918:Heisenberg in 1924
910:University studies
805:, together with a
760:matrix formulation
748:old quantum theory
218:Heisenberg picture
83:Kingdom of Bavaria
55:Heisenberg in 1933
12332:Operation Epsilon
12212:Heisenberg family
12167:Werner Heisenberg
12154:
12153:
12050:Werner Heisenberg
11939:
11938:
10308:978-0-521-43804-9
10289:978-0-486-61881-4
10213:978-0-19-507010-1
10194:978-0-8176-5312-5
10107:(9â10): 533â540.
10088:Forsch. Fortscher
10019:(9â10): 587â596.
9834:(9â10): 619â636.
9781:978-0-938228-09-7
9759:978-1-934137-28-4
9714:978-0-521-82170-4
9695:978-0-300-01830-1
9653:10.1119/1.1778397
9607:10.1119/1.1630333
9577:978-0-387-95089-1
9435:. 9 February 2023
9389:978-3-642-18623-3
9367:on 19 April 2009.
9206:. HarperCollins.
9147:978-0-674-01519-7
8832:(Suppl): 96â103.
8508:(8â11): 434â437.
8462:(1042): 402â406.
8408:(7â12): 628â657.
8348:(7â12): 514â518.
8236:. 21/23: 243â244.
8164:978-3-642-18623-3
8139:978-3-642-18623-3
8111:978-3-642-18623-3
7811:978-0-674-78406-2
7775:The Alsos Mission
7543:(7â10): 513â538.
7383:978-0-387-95086-0
7231:(3615): 239â240.
6795:10.1063/1.1292474
6746:, pp. 79â102
6614:978-0-241-00448-7
6539:978-0-7382-0693-6
6377:978-0-19-852049-8
6336:10.1119/1.1775243
6312:(11): 1370â1379.
6211:978-0-7167-1146-9
6159:978-0-521-38688-3
6106:978-0-306-70738-4
5522:978-3-540-69221-8
5500:978-0-393-33864-5
5477:978-0-8348-2283-2
5339:Werner Heisenberg
5119:an adaptation of
5027:
5016:978-0-06-120919-2
4986:978-3-492-11676-3
4963:978-3-492-22297-6
4933:978-0-691-02433-2
4892:978-0-918024-14-5
4871:978-3-15-009948-3
4776:978-0-486-60113-7
4757:— (1949) .
4691:(Suppl): 96â103.
4409:(1042): 402â406.
4366:(7â12): 628â657.
4329:(7â12): 514â518.
4248:. 21/23: 243â244.
4141:(7â10): 513â538.
3977:(9â10): 533â540.
3916:Forsch. Fortscher
3847:(9â10): 587â596.
3662:(9â10): 619â636.
3149:G-136 (July 1942)
3147:O und Uran-Metall
3134:, and Karl Wirtz
2880:Honors and awards
2708:Indian philosophy
2556:(vice-chairman),
2503:superconductivity
2249:Operation Epsilon
1822:after bombarding
1750:Reinhard Heydrich
1489:of the classical
1487:Fourier transform
1448:
1447:
1440:
1422:
1316:as a "classical"
1221:Isidor Isaac Rabi
1143:quantum mechanics
1082:Jochen Heisenberg
1070:Martin Heisenberg
1003:, a fourth-order
928:Arnold Sommerfeld
729:quantum mechanics
666:
665:
574:Fazley Bary Malik
564:Rudolf E. Peierls
547:Doctoral students
520:Arnold Sommerfeld
439:Scientific career
283:Quantum spacetime
43:Werner Heisenberg
16:(Redirected from
12374:
12192:German Lutherans
12092:
11966:
11959:
11952:
11943:
11942:
11932:
11916:
11900:
11884:
11868:
11852:
11836:
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11804:
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10663:
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10639:
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10623:
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10616:
10604:
10596:
10594:Kamerlingh Onnes
10588:
10580:
10572:
10564:
10552:
10544:
10536:
10528:
10520:
10512:
10496:
10484:
10455:
10448:
10441:
10432:
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10410:
10394:
10392:
10390:
10312:
10293:
10269:
10257:
10246:
10217:
10198:
10179:Hentschel, Klaus
10169:
10132:
10095:
10081:
10056:(3â4): 209â231.
10044:
10007:
9982:(3â4): 156â164.
9970:
9933:
9908:(3â4): 168â190.
9896:
9859:
9822:
9797:(3â4): 172â198.
9785:
9763:
9742:
9729:
9718:
9699:
9678:
9672:
9664:
9638:
9629:(9): 1143â1145.
9620:
9610:
9581:
9550:
9541:Deutsches Museum
9530:
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9502:
9496:
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8773:
8767:
8761:
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8717:
8711:
8675:
8669:
8663:
8627:
8621:
8615:
8596:10.1038/164065c0
8571:
8565:
8559:
8547:
8541:
8535:
8525:
8493:
8487:
8481:
8479:
8445:
8439:
8433:
8397:
8391:
8385:
8379:
8373:
8337:
8331:
8325:
8323:
8291:
8285:
8279:
8269:
8237:
8234:Forsch. Fortschr
8229:
8223:
8222:
8196:
8187:
8181:
8175:
8169:
8168:
8150:
8144:
8143:
8125:
8116:
8115:
8097:
8088:
8082:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8062:Teller, Edward,
8059:
8053:
8052:
8040:
8034:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8001:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7990:
7984:
7977:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7954:
7948:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7914:
7908:
7902:
7896:
7890:
7884:
7878:
7872:
7866:
7860:
7859:, pp. 77â84
7854:
7848:
7847:
7831:
7825:
7824:, pp. 49â52
7819:
7813:
7796:
7790:
7784:
7778:
7768:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7740:
7738:
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7682:
7676:
7670:
7664:
7628:
7622:
7616:
7580:
7574:
7568:
7531:
7525:
7519:
7513:
7512:, pp. 49â53
7507:
7501:
7495:
7489:
7476:
7470:
7463:
7457:
7451:
7445:
7439:
7433:
7421:
7415:
7409:
7400:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7375:
7365:
7359:
7353:
7344:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7307:
7297:
7295:10.1038/143276a0
7265:
7259:
7256:
7245:10.1038/143239a0
7220:
7214:
7213:
7186:Sime, Ruth Lewin
7182:
7176:
7170:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7112:
7093:
7087:
7081:
7053:
7047:
7032:
7026:
7020:
6984:
6978:
6971:Heisenberg 1936b
6967:Heisenberg 1936a
6964:
6958:
6952:
6946:
6887:
6881:
6880:, pp. 40â43
6875:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6839:
6830:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6765:
6759:
6753:
6747:
6741:
6735:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6703:
6697:
6691:
6685:
6674:Heisenberg 1932b
6670:Heisenberg 1932a
6667:
6661:
6660:
6650:
6641:
6640:
6634:
6626:
6600:
6589:
6572:
6566:
6553:
6544:
6543:
6523:
6517:
6511:
6505:
6498:
6492:
6490:
6465:(8â9): 557â615.
6454:
6448:
6446:
6410:
6404:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6321:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6283:10.2307/27757370
6266:
6260:
6258:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6204:. W.H. Freeman.
6196:SegrĂš, Emilio G.
6192:
6186:
6181:
6175:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6145:
6139:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6094:
6081:
6072:
6071:
6052:The New Atlantis
6043:
6034:
6028:
6019:
6013:
6007:
5997:
5991:
5985:
5979:
5973:
5934:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5890:
5884:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5811:on 5 March 2009.
5810:
5795:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5778:on 5 March 2009.
5777:
5762:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5701:
5695:
5689:
5680:
5674:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5575:
5569:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5508:
5502:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5436:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5336:
5330:
5311:
5292:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5246:
5239:
5197:
5195:Biography portal
5192:
5191:
5190:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5065:Better Call Saul
5021:
5020:
5003:— (2007).
4999:
4994:— (2007).
4990:
4971:— (1992).
4967:
4950:— (2002).
4946:
4937:
4925:
4918:— (1989).
4914:
4909:— (1988).
4905:
4904:. Seabury Press.
4900:— (1983).
4896:
4879:— (1979).
4875:
4854:
4853:. Munich: Piper.
4849:— (1977).
4845:
4838:— (1971).
4834:
4822:
4815:— (1971).
4811:
4804:— (1966).
4800:
4793:— (1955).
4789:
4784:— (1953).
4780:
4764:
4745:
4716:
4679:
4642:
4603:
4590:
4553:
4528:(Suppl): 493â7.
4516:
4497:10.1038/164065c0
4471:
4461:
4432:— (1948).
4428:
4426:
4395:— (1948).
4391:
4354:
4317:
4315:
4286:— (1948).
4282:
4280:
4251:— (1947).
4249:
4246:Forsch. Fortschr
4240:
4203:
4166:
4129:
4118:
4081:
4052:
4039:
4002:
3960:
3923:
3909:
3884:(3â4): 209â231.
3872:
3835:
3810:(3â4): 156â164.
3798:
3761:
3736:(3â4): 168â190.
3724:
3687:
3650:
3625:(3â4): 172â198.
3611:matrix mechanics
3608:
3583:(8â9): 557â615.
3569:matrix mechanics
3566:
3527:matrix mechanics
3524:
3487:— (1925).
3483:
3446:
3417:
3380:
3351:
3322:
3285:
3244:
3015:and sent to the
2770:
2762:trial of Galileo
2751:
2590:
2582:Wolfgang Riezler
2562:Wolfgang Gentner
2522:Gifford Lectures
2393:
2378:cosmic radiation
2214:Wolfgang Gentner
2070:particle physics
2068:, in elementary
1996:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1923:Gerhard Hoffmann
1907:Siegfried FlĂŒgge
1810:Fritz Strassmann
1739:Heinrich Himmler
1592:Louis de Broglie
1559:pure mathematics
1519:charged particle
1443:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1380:
1356:
1348:
1330:electromagnetism
1288:had derived his
1197:Siegfried FlĂŒgge
1139:matrix mechanics
1037:E. F. Schumacher
1018:and part of the
807:research reactor
722:
721:
720:
714:
709:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
662:
515:Doctoral advisor
509:
404:Max Planck Medal
357:
355:
351:
243:Matrix mechanics
198:Heisenberg limit
193:Heisenberg group
100:
74:
72:
53:
39:
38:
21:
12382:
12381:
12377:
12376:
12375:
12373:
12372:
12371:
12157:
12156:
12155:
12150:
12088:
12080:
12077:(Great Britain)
12071:(Great Britain)
12055:
12036:
12020:
12017:(Great Britain)
12015:John Galsworthy
11996:
11993:(United States)
11991:Irving Langmuir
11977:
11970:
11940:
11935:
11919:
11903:
11887:
11871:
11855:
11839:
11823:
11807:
11795:
11779:
11767:
11755:
11739:
11727:
11711:
11695:
11683:
11671:
11655:
11639:
11623:
11607:
11591:
11584:
11578:
11562:
11550:
11534:
11525:Cohen-Tannoudji
11518:
11502:
11490:
11478:
11466:
11458:
11450:
11434:
11418:
11402:
11390:
11374:
11366:
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11318:
11306:
11290:
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11123:
11107:
11091:
11075:
11067:
11055:
11047:
11035:
11019:
11007:
10991:
10979:
10967:
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10947:
10935:
10924:
10916:
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10884:
10876:
10868:
10860:
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10853:
10847:
10846:
10840:
10839:
10831:
10823:
10811:
10799:
10791:
10785:
10784:
10772:
10764:
10758:
10757:
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10741:
10733:
10721:
10713:
10702:
10690:
10682:
10674:
10666:
10658:
10650:
10642:
10634:
10626:
10620:
10619:
10607:
10599:
10591:
10583:
10575:
10567:
10555:
10547:
10539:
10531:
10523:
10515:
10499:
10487:
10479:
10468:
10459:
10408:
10406:
10397:
10388:
10386:
10377:
10349:Wayback Machine
10320:
10315:
10309:
10290:
10266:
10214:
10195:
9782:
9760:
9735:Social Research
9715:
9696:
9666:
9665:
9636:physics/0503167
9618:
9613:
9611:
9578:
9559:
9554:
9553:
9548:Wayback Machine
9531:
9527:
9519:
9515:
9503:
9499:
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9487:
9479:
9478:
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9464:
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9402:
9401:
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9390:
9376:
9372:
9364:
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9349:
9348:
9344:
9336:
9332:
9324:
9320:
9312:
9308:
9300:
9296:
9288:
9284:
9276:
9272:
9241:
9237:
9232:
9228:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9198:
9194:
9162:
9156:
9152:
9136:
9132:
9123:
9119:
9110:
9106:
9093:
9092:
9088:
9077:
9073:
9066:
9050:
9046:
9035:
9028:
8997:
8993:
8983:
8981:
8966:
8962:
8954:
8950:
8942:
8938:
8930:
8926:
8918:
8914:
8908:Wayback Machine
8894:
8890:
8882:
8878:
8870:
8866:
8822:
8818:
8774:
8770:
8724:
8720:
8676:
8672:
8628:
8624:
8582:(4158): 65â67.
8572:
8568:
8548:
8544:
8494:
8490:
8446:
8442:
8398:
8394:
8386:
8382:
8338:
8334:
8292:
8288:
8230:
8226:
8194:
8188:
8184:
8176:
8172:
8165:
8151:
8147:
8140:
8126:
8119:
8112:
8098:
8091:
8083:
8079:
8070:
8068:
8060:
8056:
8041:
8037:
8029:
8025:
8015:
8013:
8002:
7998:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7975:
7971:
7970:
7966:
7955:
7951:
7943:
7939:
7931:
7927:
7915:
7911:
7903:
7899:
7891:
7887:
7879:
7875:
7867:
7863:
7855:
7851:
7832:
7828:
7820:
7816:
7797:
7793:
7785:
7781:
7769:
7762:
7754:
7750:
7736:
7734:
7689:
7685:
7677:
7673:
7639:(1â2): 93â112.
7629:
7625:
7581:
7577:
7532:
7528:
7520:
7516:
7508:
7504:
7496:
7492:
7486:Wayback Machine
7477:
7473:
7464:
7460:
7452:
7448:
7440:
7436:
7431:Wayback Machine
7422:
7418:
7410:
7403:
7395:
7391:
7384:
7366:
7362:
7354:
7347:
7339:
7335:
7327:
7323:
7317:Wayback Machine
7266:
7262:
7221:
7217:
7210:10.1119/1.16196
7183:
7179:
7134:
7130:
7122:
7115:
7094:
7090:
7054:
7050:
7033:
7029:
6995:(46): 749â750.
6985:
6981:
6965:
6961:
6953:
6949:
6938:
6933:
6930:Wayback Machine
6919:
6916:Wayback Machine
6905:
6902:Wayback Machine
6888:
6884:
6876:
6872:
6864:
6860:
6852:
6848:
6840:
6833:
6822:
6818:
6810:
6803:
6766:
6762:
6754:
6750:
6742:
6738:
6730:
6726:
6716:
6714:
6705:
6704:
6700:
6692:
6688:
6678:Heisenberg 1933
6668:
6664:
6651:
6644:
6628:
6627:
6615:
6601:
6592:
6586:Wayback Machine
6573:
6569:
6563:Wayback Machine
6554:
6547:
6540:
6524:
6520:
6512:
6508:
6499:
6495:
6455:
6451:
6411:
6407:
6398:Wayback Machine
6389:
6385:
6378:
6355:
6351:
6302:
6298:
6267:
6263:
6223:
6219:
6212:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6178:
6173:Heisenberg 1934
6171:
6167:
6160:
6146:
6142:
6126:
6122:
6107:
6082:
6075:
6044:
6037:
6029:
6022:
6014:
6010:
6000:Heisenberg 1928
5998:
5994:
5986:
5982:
5974:
5937:
5927:Heisenberg 1927
5925:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5865:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5843:Wayback Machine
5832:
5828:
5820:
5816:
5808:
5793:
5787:
5783:
5775:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5738:on 19 July 2011
5730:
5729:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5702:
5698:
5690:
5683:
5657:(15): 577â627.
5647:
5643:
5635:
5631:
5623:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5599:
5595:
5587:
5578:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5509:
5505:
5489:
5485:
5478:
5462:
5458:
5417:
5413:
5405:
5401:
5393:
5389:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5365:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5337:
5333:
5329:Nobelprize.org.
5322:Wayback Machine
5312:
5295:
5281:
5277:
5269:
5260:
5250:
5249:
5240:
5233:
5223:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5169:
5034:
5017:
5002:
4993:
4987:
4970:
4964:
4949:
4940:
4934:
4917:
4908:
4899:
4893:
4878:
4872:
4857:
4848:
4837:
4831:
4814:
4803:
4792:
4786:Nuclear Physics
4783:
4777:
4756:
4753:
4751:Published books
4719:
4682:
4645:
4606:
4593:
4556:
4519:
4483:(4158): 65â67.
4474:
4444:(8â11): 434â7.
4431:
4394:
4357:
4320:
4285:
4250:
4243:
4215:(1â2): 93â112.
4206:
4169:
4132:
4119:
4084:
4055:
4042:
4014:(46): 749â750.
4005:
3968:
3926:
3913:
3875:
3838:
3801:
3764:
3727:
3690:
3653:
3616:
3574:
3532:
3486:
3449:
3420:
3383:
3354:
3325:
3288:
3247:
3206:
3203:
3193:
3182:
3146:
3124:
3088:G-93 (May 1941)
3071:
3013:Operation Alsos
2989:
2912:Romano Guardini
2882:
2801:in the journal
2781:
2771:
2768:
2745:
2690:
2659:OderâNeiĂe line
2624:Walther Gerlach
2616:nuclear weapons
2593:Wilhelm Walcher
2584:
2554:Hans Kopfermann
2479:
2443:
2427:Ludwig Biermann
2387:
2366:Ludwig Biermann
2326:
2306:
2235:
2174:
2160:
2155:
2059:nuclear reactor
2028:nuclear weapons
1993:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:Samuel Goudsmit
1883:Heereswaffenamt
1867:
1859:Operation Alsos
1840:nuclear fission
1795:
1790:
1784:
1776:Deutsche Physik
1772:Johannes Juilfs
1723:Deutsche Physik
1719:Deutsche Physik
1695:Deutsche Physik
1678:Deutsche Physik
1655:Deutsche Physik
1646:Deutsche Physik
1621:
1587:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1357:
1346:
1338:Albert Einstein
1141:formulation of
1099:
1094:
1092:Academic career
1051:pair production
1032:classical music
1028:
985:doctoral thesis
976:'s theories on
957:in 1924 with a
912:
850:
845:
799:nuclear reactor
779:turbulent flows
716:
715:
707:
676:
672:
644:
635:Ettore Majorana
608:
542:
507:
491:
433:
386:Matteucci Medal
359:
347:
343:
340:
329:
298:S-matrix theory
159:
158:
146:
130:Alma mater
115:
102:
98:
97:1 February 1976
89:
76:
75:5 December 1901
70:
68:
67:
66:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12380:
12370:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12344:
12339:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12152:
12151:
12149:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12085:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12078:
12072:
12065:
12063:
12057:
12056:
12054:
12053:
12046:
12044:
12038:
12037:
12035:
12034:
12030:
12028:
12022:
12021:
12019:
12018:
12011:
12009:
11998:
11997:
11995:
11994:
11987:
11985:
11979:
11978:
11969:
11968:
11961:
11954:
11946:
11937:
11936:
11934:
11933:
11917:
11901:
11885:
11869:
11853:
11837:
11821:
11805:
11793:
11777:
11765:
11753:
11737:
11725:
11709:
11693:
11681:
11669:
11653:
11637:
11621:
11605:
11588:
11586:
11580:
11579:
11577:
11576:
11560:
11548:
11532:
11516:
11500:
11488:
11476:
11464:
11456:
11448:
11432:
11416:
11400:
11388:
11372:
11364:
11352:
11340:
11332:
11316:
11304:
11288:
11272:
11261:P. W. Anderson
11256:
11243:
11241:
11237:
11236:
11234:
11233:
11217:
11205:
11189:
11173:
11165:
11153:
11145:
11137:
11129:
11121:
11105:
11089:
11082:Goeppert Mayer
11073:
11065:
11053:
11045:
11033:
11017:
11005:
10989:
10977:
10965:
10957:
10945:
10932:
10930:
10926:
10925:
10923:
10922:
10914:
10906:
10898:
10890:
10882:
10874:
10866:
10858:
10851:
10844:
10837:
10829:
10821:
10809:
10806:C. D. Anderson
10797:
10789:
10782:
10770:
10762:
10755:
10747:
10739:
10731:
10719:
10710:
10708:
10704:
10703:
10701:
10700:
10688:
10680:
10672:
10664:
10656:
10648:
10640:
10632:
10624:
10617:
10605:
10597:
10589:
10581:
10573:
10565:
10553:
10545:
10537:
10529:
10521:
10513:
10497:
10485:
10476:
10474:
10470:
10469:
10458:
10457:
10450:
10443:
10435:
10429:
10428:
10415:
10395:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10356:
10339:
10330:
10319:
10318:External links
10316:
10314:
10313:
10307:
10294:
10288:
10276:, ed. (1968).
10270:
10264:
10247:
10218:
10212:
10199:
10193:
10187:. BirkhÀuser.
10175:
10133:
10096:
10083:
10045:
10008:
9971:
9934:
9897:
9860:
9823:
9786:
9780:
9764:
9758:
9743:
9730:
9719:
9713:
9700:
9694:
9679:
9593:(3): 300â304.
9582:
9576:
9570:. Copernicus.
9560:
9558:
9555:
9552:
9551:
9525:
9513:
9497:
9472:
9446:
9420:
9395:
9388:
9370:
9342:
9330:
9318:
9306:
9294:
9282:
9270:
9235:
9226:
9212:
9192:
9173:(4): 863â914.
9150:
9130:
9117:
9104:
9099:fdavidpeat.com
9086:
9071:
9064:
9044:
9026:
9021:10.1119/1.9833
9007:(5): 389â394.
8991:
8960:
8948:
8936:
8924:
8912:
8888:
8876:
8864:
8816:
8784:(1â2): 65â79.
8768:
8718:
8686:(6): 569â582.
8670:
8622:
8566:
8560:, as cited in
8542:
8502:Z. Naturforsch
8488:
8440:
8392:
8380:
8332:
8300:Z. Naturforsch
8286:
8252:(4): 185â201.
8246:Z. Naturforsch
8224:
8182:
8170:
8163:
8145:
8138:
8117:
8110:
8089:
8085:Bernstein 2004
8077:
8054:
8035:
8023:
8004:Sartori, Leo.
7996:
7964:
7949:
7937:
7933:Bernstein 2001
7925:
7917:Frank, Charles
7909:
7905:Bernstein 2001
7897:
7885:
7881:Bernstein 2001
7873:
7861:
7849:
7826:
7822:Bernstein 2001
7814:
7791:
7779:
7771:Pash, Boris T.
7760:
7748:
7683:
7679:Bernstein 2004
7671:
7623:
7575:
7526:
7514:
7502:
7490:
7488:. Stanford.edu
7471:
7465:Albert Speer,
7458:
7446:
7434:
7416:
7401:
7389:
7382:
7360:
7345:
7333:
7321:
7260:
7215:
7196:(3): 263â267.
7177:
7128:
7113:
7088:
7082:, as cited by
7064:(7): 594â599.
7048:
7027:
7021:, as cited by
6979:
6973:, as cited by
6959:
6947:
6882:
6870:
6858:
6854:Beyerchen 1977
6846:
6831:
6816:
6801:
6760:
6756:Beyerchen 1977
6748:
6744:Beyerchen 1977
6736:
6732:Beyerchen 1977
6724:
6698:
6686:
6680:, as cited by
6662:
6642:
6613:
6590:
6567:
6545:
6538:
6518:
6516:, p. 1004
6514:Bernstein 2004
6506:
6493:
6449:
6421:(1): 858â888.
6405:
6383:
6376:
6349:
6296:
6261:
6233:(1): 879â893.
6217:
6210:
6187:
6176:
6165:
6158:
6140:
6134:, as cited in
6120:
6105:
6085:Groves, Leslie
6073:
6035:
6020:
6008:
6002:, as cited in
5992:
5980:
5935:
5919:
5885:
5870:(1902â1984)",
5859:
5847:
5826:
5814:
5781:
5749:
5723:
5696:
5681:
5641:
5629:
5617:
5605:
5593:
5576:
5544:(1): 291â307.
5528:
5521:
5503:
5483:
5476:
5456:
5427:(2): 297â314.
5411:
5399:
5387:
5375:
5363:
5349:
5331:
5293:
5275:
5257:
5256:
5248:
5247:
5230:
5229:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5184:
5181:Physics portal
5168:
5165:
5104:Philip K. Dick
5046:Bryan Cranston
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5015:
5000:
4991:
4985:
4968:
4962:
4947:
4938:
4932:
4915:
4906:
4897:
4891:
4876:
4870:
4855:
4846:
4835:
4829:
4812:
4801:
4790:
4781:
4775:
4765:. Translators
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:10.1119/1.9833
4728:(5): 389â394.
4717:
4680:
4654:(1â2): 65â79.
4643:
4604:
4591:
4565:(6): 569â582.
4554:
4517:
4472:
4438:Z. Naturforsch
4429:
4392:
4355:
4318:
4292:Z. Naturforsch
4283:
4263:(4): 185â201.
4257:Z. Naturforsch
4241:
4204:
4167:
4130:
4082:
4064:(7): 594â599.
4053:
4040:
4003:
3966:
3924:
3911:
3873:
3836:
3799:
3762:
3725:
3688:
3651:
3614:
3572:
3541:(1): 858â888.
3530:
3499:(1): 879â893.
3484:
3458:(1): 291â307.
3447:
3429:(4): 577â627.
3418:
3392:(1): 388â410.
3381:
3352:
3334:(9): 229â243.
3323:
3286:
3260:(1): 131â154.
3245:
3219:(1): 393â398.
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3157:
3150:
3144:
3139:
3128:
3122:
3117:
3110:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3069:
3064:
3050:
3043:
3036:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2969:
2958:
2941:
2926:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2904:
2881:
2878:
2812:Adolf Portmann
2780:
2777:
2766:
2712:laws of nature
2689:
2686:
2682:quantum theory
2647:nuclear fusion
2643:plasma physics
2620:Pascual Jordan
2578:Josef Mattauch
2478:
2475:
2442:
2439:
2325:
2322:
2305:
2302:
2234:
2231:
2210:Philipp Lenard
2170:Main article:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
1992:
1983:
1927:Josef Mattauch
1866:
1863:
1794:
1791:
1786:Main article:
1783:
1780:
1757:Wilhelm MĂŒller
1715:Richard Becker
1670:Johannes Stark
1666:Philipp Lenard
1629:James Chadwick
1620:
1614:
1586:
1583:
1552:Pascual Jordan
1523:Fourier series
1446:
1445:
1360:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1318:field equation
1314:Dirac equation
1300:photograph of
1253:Clarence Zener
1249:Gregor Wentzel
1229:John C. Slater
1217:George Placzek
1213:Rudolf Peierls
1205:Friedrich Hund
1174:ferromagnetism
1151:Wolfgang Pauli
1135:Pascual Jordan
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1074:neurobiologist
1047:Wolfgang Pauli
1027:
1024:
997:turbulent flow
978:atomic physics
911:
908:
856:, Germany, to
849:
846:
844:
841:
787:ferromagnetism
783:atomic nucleus
756:Pascual Jordan
664:
663:
655:
654:
650:
649:
646:
645:
643:
642:
640:Herbert Wagner
637:
632:
627:
622:
616:
614:
610:
609:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
584:Èerban ÈiÈeica
581:
576:
571:
569:Reinhard Oehme
566:
561:
556:
550:
548:
544:
543:
541:
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535:
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527:
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245:
240:
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205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
178:Heisenberg cut
175:
170:
165:
156:
155:
154:
152:
151:Known for
148:
147:
145:
144:
139:
133:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
103:
101:(aged 74)
95:
91:
90:
77:
64:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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11554:
11549:
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11538:
11533:
11530:
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11522:
11517:
11514:
11513:R. Richardson
11510:
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11345:Chandrasekhar
11341:
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10963:
10958:
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10946:
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10920:
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10907:
10904:
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10888:
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10880:
10875:
10872:
10867:
10864:
10859:
10852:
10845:
10838:
10835:
10830:
10827:
10822:
10819:
10818:G. P. Thomson
10815:
10810:
10807:
10803:
10798:
10795:
10790:
10783:
10780:
10776:
10771:
10768:
10763:
10756:
10753:
10748:
10745:
10740:
10737:
10736:O. Richardson
10732:
10729:
10725:
10720:
10717:
10712:
10711:
10709:
10705:
10698:
10694:
10689:
10686:
10681:
10678:
10673:
10670:
10665:
10662:
10657:
10654:
10649:
10646:
10641:
10638:
10633:
10630:
10625:
10618:
10615:
10611:
10606:
10603:
10598:
10595:
10590:
10587:
10582:
10579:
10574:
10571:
10570:Van der Waals
10566:
10563:
10559:
10554:
10551:
10546:
10543:
10538:
10535:
10534:J. J. Thomson
10530:
10527:
10522:
10519:
10514:
10511:
10507:
10503:
10498:
10495:
10491:
10486:
10483:
10478:
10477:
10475:
10471:
10467:
10463:
10456:
10451:
10449:
10444:
10442:
10437:
10436:
10433:
10427:
10423:
10419:
10416:
10404:
10400:
10396:
10384:
10380:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10360:
10357:
10354:
10350:
10346:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10310:
10304:
10301:. Cambridge.
10300:
10295:
10291:
10285:
10281:
10280:
10275:
10271:
10267:
10265:9780394514116
10261:
10256:
10255:
10248:
10244:
10240:
10236:
10232:
10228:
10224:
10219:
10215:
10209:
10205:
10200:
10196:
10190:
10186:
10185:
10180:
10176:
10173:
10167:
10163:
10159:
10155:
10151:
10147:
10143:
10139:
10134:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10118:
10114:
10110:
10106:
10102:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10075:
10071:
10067:
10063:
10059:
10055:
10051:
10046:
10042:
10038:
10034:
10030:
10026:
10022:
10018:
10014:
10009:
10005:
10001:
9997:
9993:
9989:
9985:
9981:
9977:
9972:
9968:
9964:
9960:
9956:
9952:
9948:
9945:(1â2): 1â11.
9944:
9940:
9935:
9931:
9927:
9923:
9919:
9915:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9898:
9894:
9890:
9886:
9882:
9878:
9874:
9870:
9866:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9833:
9829:
9824:
9820:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9796:
9792:
9787:
9783:
9777:
9773:
9769:
9765:
9761:
9755:
9751:
9750:
9744:
9741:(3): 643â661.
9740:
9736:
9731:
9727:
9726:
9720:
9716:
9710:
9706:
9701:
9697:
9691:
9687:
9686:
9680:
9676:
9670:
9662:
9658:
9654:
9650:
9646:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9628:
9624:
9617:
9608:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9588:
9583:
9579:
9573:
9569:
9568:
9562:
9561:
9549:
9545:
9542:
9538:
9537:uranium oxide
9534:
9529:
9522:
9517:
9510:
9506:
9501:
9486:
9485:nasonline.org
9482:
9476:
9460:
9456:
9450:
9434:
9430:
9424:
9409:
9405:
9399:
9391:
9385:
9381:
9374:
9363:
9359:
9352:
9346:
9340:, p. 545
9339:
9334:
9327:
9322:
9316:, p. 148
9315:
9310:
9303:
9298:
9292:, p. 147
9291:
9286:
9280:, p. 145
9279:
9274:
9266:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9246:
9239:
9230:
9215:
9213:9780061209192
9209:
9205:
9204:
9196:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9161:
9154:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9134:
9127:
9126:Truth Journal
9121:
9114:
9108:
9100:
9096:
9090:
9082:
9075:
9067:
9065:9780553346107
9061:
9057:
9056:
9048:
9040:
9033:
9031:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9006:
9002:
8995:
8979:
8976:(in German).
8975:
8971:
8964:
8958:, p. 339
8957:
8952:
8945:
8940:
8934:, p. 334
8933:
8928:
8922:, p. 329
8921:
8916:
8909:
8905:
8902:
8898:
8892:
8886:, p. 262
8885:
8880:
8874:, p. 238
8873:
8868:
8862:, p. 246
8861:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8843:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8826:Nuovo Cimento
8820:
8814:, p. 246
8813:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8772:
8766:, p. 246
8765:
8759:
8755:
8751:
8747:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8731:
8730:
8722:
8716:, p. 245
8715:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8693:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8674:
8668:, p. 245
8667:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8645:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8632:Nuovo Cimento
8626:
8620:, p. 245
8619:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8581:
8577:
8570:
8564:, p. 245
8563:
8557:
8553:
8546:
8540:, p. 245
8539:
8533:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8507:
8503:
8499:
8492:
8486:, p. 245
8485:
8478:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8444:
8438:, p. 245
8437:
8431:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8396:
8389:
8384:
8378:, p. 245
8377:
8371:
8367:
8363:
8359:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8336:
8330:, p. 245
8329:
8322:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8290:
8284:, p. 245
8283:
8277:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8235:
8228:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8193:
8186:
8179:
8174:
8166:
8160:
8156:
8149:
8141:
8135:
8131:
8124:
8122:
8113:
8107:
8103:
8096:
8094:
8087:, p. 326
8086:
8081:
8067:
8066:
8058:
8050:
8046:
8039:
8033:, p. 144
8032:
8031:Macrakis 1993
8027:
8011:
8007:
8000:
7981:
7974:
7968:
7960:
7953:
7947:, p. 143
7946:
7945:Macrakis 1993
7941:
7934:
7929:
7922:
7918:
7913:
7906:
7901:
7894:
7889:
7882:
7877:
7870:
7865:
7858:
7857:Goudsmit 1986
7853:
7845:
7841:
7837:
7830:
7823:
7818:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7795:
7788:
7783:
7776:
7772:
7767:
7765:
7757:
7756:Goudsmit 1986
7752:
7745:
7744:Thomas Powers
7732:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7694:
7687:
7680:
7675:
7669:, p. 245
7668:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7627:
7621:, p. 245
7620:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7579:
7573:, p. 245
7572:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7530:
7523:
7518:
7511:
7506:
7499:
7494:
7487:
7483:
7480:
7475:
7468:
7462:
7456:, p. 171
7455:
7454:Macrakis 1993
7450:
7444:, p. 244
7443:
7442:Macrakis 1993
7438:
7432:
7428:
7425:
7420:
7413:
7408:
7406:
7398:
7393:
7385:
7379:
7374:
7373:
7364:
7357:
7356:Macrakis 1993
7352:
7350:
7342:
7341:Goudsmit 1986
7337:
7331:, p. 387
7330:
7325:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7305:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7280:(3616): 276.
7279:
7275:
7271:
7264:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7219:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7181:
7174:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7132:
7126:, p. 231
7125:
7120:
7118:
7111:, p. 244
7110:
7106:
7102:
7101:Nuovo Cimento
7098:
7092:
7086:, p. 244
7085:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7052:
7046:, p. 244
7045:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7025:, p. 244
7024:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6983:
6977:, p. 244
6976:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6956:
6951:
6945:
6943:
6942:Carl Ramsauer
6937:
6932:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6879:
6874:
6867:
6862:
6855:
6850:
6843:
6842:Goudsmit 1986
6838:
6836:
6829:
6825:
6820:
6814:, p. 172
6813:
6812:Macrakis 1993
6808:
6806:
6796:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6774:Physics Today
6771:
6764:
6757:
6752:
6745:
6740:
6733:
6728:
6712:
6708:
6702:
6696:, p. 228
6695:
6690:
6684:, p. 244
6683:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6666:
6658:
6657:
6649:
6647:
6638:
6632:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6606:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6552:
6550:
6541:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6522:
6515:
6510:
6503:
6497:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6453:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6387:
6379:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6359:
6358:Pais, Abraham
6353:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6300:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6265:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6221:
6213:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6191:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6169:
6161:
6155:
6151:
6144:
6138:, p. 243
6137:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6102:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6054:(57): 36â74.
6053:
6049:
6042:
6040:
6033:, p. 227
6032:
6027:
6025:
6017:
6012:
6006:, p. 243
6005:
6001:
5996:
5990:, p. 224
5989:
5984:
5977:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5933:, p. 243
5932:
5928:
5923:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5889:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5857:, p. 372
5856:
5851:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5818:
5807:
5803:
5800:(in German).
5799:
5798:Der Bundschuh
5792:
5785:
5774:
5770:
5767:(in German).
5766:
5759:
5753:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5711:
5707:
5700:
5694:, p. 217
5693:
5688:
5686:
5679:, p. 245
5678:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5633:
5626:
5621:
5614:
5609:
5603:, p. 219
5602:
5597:
5590:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5574:, p. 243
5573:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5524:
5518:
5514:
5507:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5479:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5460:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5409:, p. 149
5408:
5403:
5396:
5391:
5384:
5379:
5372:
5367:
5359:
5353:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5272:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5185:
5182:
5176:
5171:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5121:Michael Frayn
5118:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5096:of the novel
5095:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5025:
5018:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5001:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4948:
4945:. Prometheus.
4944:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4836:
4832:
4830:9780061316227
4826:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4754:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4685:Nuovo Cimento
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4522:Nuovo Cimento
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4087:Nuovo Cimento
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3773:(1â2): 1â11.
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3195:
3187:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:Erich Fischer
3165:
3164:Walther Bothe
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3118:
3115:
3112:Robert Döpel
3111:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:Erich Fischer
3093:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:(Halle), the
2948:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2925:(Civil Class)
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:Konrad Lorenz
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2776:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2636:Ludwig Raiser
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2601:Wolfgang Paul
2598:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:Walther Bothe
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2417:In 1958, the
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:Forschungsrat
2401:
2397:
2396:Forschungsrat
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:Heinz Billing
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2293:Edward Teller
2289:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2202:Walther Bothe
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2172:Alsos Mission
2164:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:kriegswichtig
2036:
2035:nuclear power
2031:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2015:and his wife
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:Bernhard Rust
1977:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:Berlin-Dahlem
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:Klaus Clusius
1932:
1931:Georg Stetter
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:Walther Bothe
1900:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:GruppenfĂŒhrer
1742:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:in 1936; and
1712:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:investigation
1618:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:Jakob Rosanes
1539:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1495:virtual state
1492:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:Heisenberg's
1442:
1439:
1431:
1428:February 2017
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389: â
1388:
1384:
1383:Find sources:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1361:This section
1359:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:cloud chamber
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:Edward Teller
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:Edward Teller
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:post-graduate
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1155:Ungenauigkeit
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1026:Personal life
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:Neupfadfinder
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
983:Heisenberg's
981:
979:
975:
971:
970:Bohr Festival
966:
964:
963:Zeeman effect
960:
956:
951:
949:
948:David Hilbert
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
916:
907:
904:
901:to fight the
900:
899:
893:
890:
886:
885:
880:
875:
873:
869:
868:
863:
859:
855:
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:hydrodynamics
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
713:
703:
670:
661:
656:
651:
647:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
615:
611:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:Edward Teller
557:
555:
552:
551:
549:
545:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
528:
524:
521:
518:
516:
512:
505:
504:
500:
498:
494:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
457:
453:
450:
447:
443:
440:
436:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
392:Barnard Medal
390:
387:
384:
383:
381:
377:
374:
370:
367:7, including
366:
362:
336:
332:
326:
325:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
153:
149:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
120:Resting place
118:
114:
110:
106:
96:
92:
88:
87:German Empire
84:
80:
63:
59:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
12120:
12075:Edgar Adrian
12049:
11369:von Klitzing
11361:Van der Meer
10766:
10407:. Retrieved
10403:the original
10387:. Retrieved
10383:the original
10362:
10298:
10278:
10253:
10226:
10222:
10203:
10183:
10141:
10137:
10104:
10100:
10091:
10087:
10053:
10049:
10016:
10012:
9979:
9975:
9942:
9938:
9905:
9901:
9868:
9864:
9831:
9827:
9794:
9790:
9771:
9747:
9738:
9734:
9723:
9704:
9684:
9669:cite journal
9626:
9622:
9590:
9586:
9566:
9557:Bibliography
9532:
9528:
9516:
9508:
9500:
9488:. Retrieved
9484:
9475:
9463:. Retrieved
9449:
9437:. Retrieved
9432:
9423:
9411:. Retrieved
9407:
9398:
9379:
9373:
9362:the original
9357:
9345:
9338:Cassidy 2009
9333:
9326:Cassidy 2009
9321:
9309:
9297:
9285:
9273:
9248:
9244:
9238:
9229:
9217:. Retrieved
9202:
9195:
9170:
9166:
9153:
9138:
9133:
9125:
9120:
9112:
9107:
9098:
9089:
9080:
9074:
9054:
9047:
9038:
9004:
9000:
8994:
8982:. Retrieved
8973:
8963:
8951:
8939:
8927:
8915:
8896:
8891:
8884:Cassidy 2009
8879:
8867:
8858:as cited in
8829:
8825:
8819:
8810:as cited in
8781:
8777:
8771:
8762:as cited in
8733:
8727:
8721:
8712:as cited in
8683:
8679:
8673:
8664:as cited in
8635:
8631:
8625:
8616:as cited in
8579:
8575:
8569:
8555:
8551:
8545:
8536:as cited in
8505:
8501:
8491:
8482:as cited in
8459:
8453:
8443:
8434:as cited in
8405:
8401:
8395:
8383:
8345:
8341:
8335:
8306:(2): 65â75.
8303:
8299:
8289:
8249:
8245:
8233:
8227:
8205:(2): 1â30 .
8202:
8198:
8185:
8173:
8154:
8148:
8129:
8101:
8080:
8069:, retrieved
8064:
8057:
8048:
8038:
8026:
8014:. Retrieved
7999:
7987:. Retrieved
7967:
7958:
7952:
7940:
7928:
7920:
7912:
7900:
7888:
7883:, p. 60
7876:
7869:Cassidy 1992
7864:
7852:
7835:
7829:
7817:
7802:
7794:
7787:Cassidy 1992
7782:
7774:
7751:
7735:, retrieved
7705:(1): 63â64,
7702:
7696:
7686:
7674:
7665:as cited in
7636:
7632:
7626:
7617:as cited in
7588:
7584:
7578:
7569:as cited in
7540:
7535:
7529:
7517:
7505:
7493:
7474:
7461:
7449:
7437:
7419:
7392:
7371:
7363:
7336:
7324:
7277:
7273:
7263:
7228:
7224:
7218:
7193:
7189:
7180:
7172:
7145:(1): 11â15.
7142:
7138:
7131:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7091:
7061:
7057:
7051:
7039:
7035:
7030:
6992:
6988:
6982:
6962:
6955:Cassidy 1992
6950:
6940:
6935:
6921:
6907:
6893:
6885:
6873:
6866:Cassidy 1992
6861:
6849:
6819:
6780:(7): 38â42.
6777:
6773:
6763:
6751:
6739:
6727:
6715:. Retrieved
6701:
6689:
6665:
6655:
6604:
6570:
6527:
6521:
6509:
6501:
6496:
6462:
6458:
6452:
6418:
6414:
6408:
6400:
6386:
6362:
6352:
6309:
6305:
6299:
6274:
6270:
6264:
6230:
6226:
6220:
6200:
6190:
6179:
6168:
6149:
6143:
6123:
6090:
6051:
6011:
5995:
5983:
5978:, Appendix A
5976:Cassidy 1992
5922:
5910:. Retrieved
5901:
5897:
5888:
5871:
5862:
5855:Cassidy 2009
5850:
5834:
5829:
5822:Cassidy 2009
5817:
5806:the original
5801:
5797:
5784:
5773:the original
5768:
5764:
5752:
5740:. Retrieved
5736:the original
5726:
5714:. Retrieved
5710:the original
5699:
5675:as cited in
5654:
5650:
5644:
5639:, p. 21
5632:
5627:, p. 23
5620:
5613:Cassidy 1992
5608:
5596:
5570:as cited in
5541:
5537:
5531:
5512:
5506:
5491:
5486:
5466:
5459:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5402:
5390:
5383:Cassidy 1992
5378:
5373:, p. 12
5371:Cassidy 2009
5366:
5352:
5334:
5326:
5313:
5286:
5283:"Heisenberg"
5278:
5252:
5251:
5225:
5224:
5212:
5153:
5151:
5144:
5142:
5135:
5113:
5110:Daniel Craig
5108:
5097:
5084:
5083:in the film
5078:
5074:Breaking Bad
5073:
5063:
5055:Breaking Bad
5053:
5042:Walter White
5035:
5005:
4995:
4976:
4952:
4942:
4921:
4910:
4901:
4881:
4860:
4850:
4840:
4818:
4806:
4795:
4785:
4767:Eckart, Carl
4760:
4725:
4721:
4688:
4684:
4651:
4647:
4614:
4608:
4599:
4595:
4562:
4558:
4525:
4521:
4480:
4476:
4441:
4437:
4406:
4400:
4363:
4359:
4326:
4322:
4298:(2): 65â75.
4295:
4291:
4260:
4256:
4245:
4212:
4208:
4175:
4171:
4138:
4134:
4125:
4121:
4093:(1): 31â34.
4090:
4086:
4061:
4057:
4048:
4044:
4011:
4007:
3974:
3970:
3932:
3928:
3919:
3915:
3881:
3877:
3844:
3840:
3807:
3803:
3770:
3766:
3733:
3729:
3696:
3692:
3659:
3655:
3622:
3618:
3580:
3576:
3538:
3534:
3496:
3492:
3455:
3451:
3426:
3422:
3389:
3385:
3360:
3356:
3331:
3327:
3297:(1): 44â55.
3294:
3290:
3257:
3253:
3216:
3212:
3189:
3178:
3153:
3142:
3135:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3085:
3078:
3067:
3060:
3053:Robert Döpel
3046:
3039:
3032:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2978:
2972:
2944:
2883:
2873:
2869:
2868:, published
2863:
2855:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2816:Piper Verlag
2802:
2795:
2782:
2773:
2759:
2756:. He mused:
2753:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2716:
2697:
2691:
2675:
2671:West Germany
2640:
2605:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2519:
2511:
2507:Max von Laue
2480:
2468:
2459:Western Bloc
2444:
2430:
2416:
2403:
2385:Hermann Rein
2382:
2354:Max von Laue
2327:
2288:Manfred Popp
2285:
2269:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2218:Max von Laue
2206:Richard Kuhn
2195:
2191:Black Forest
2178:
2175:
2146:
2144:
2125:
2113:Black Forest
2100:
2088:
2083:(today, the
2080:
2078:
2074:bound states
2063:
2055:Uranmaschine
2054:
2038:
2032:
2024:Albert Speer
2021:
2013:Robert Döpel
2008:
1972:
1946:
1939:Robert Döpel
1919:Paul Harteck
1899:Kurt Diebner
1892:
1886:
1882:
1879:World War II
1874:
1868:
1844:
1832:Lise Meitner
1827:
1813:
1803:
1796:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1743:
1737:, headed by
1732:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1699:
1694:
1677:
1674:
1654:
1651:anti-Semitic
1644:
1637:Adolf Hitler
1622:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1568:
1556:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1512:
1500:
1491:sharp series
1482:Hans Kramers
1479:
1452:
1449:
1434:
1425:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1382:
1370:Please help
1365:verification
1362:
1334:Hermann Weyl
1280:
1269:
1257:
1225:Fritz Sauter
1178:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1126:
1103:Privatdozent
1100:
1067:
1040:
1039:, author of
1029:
1011:
1009:
993:laminar flow
982:
967:
958:
955:habilitation
952:
944:James Franck
932:Wilhelm Wien
921:
896:
894:
882:
876:
872:modern Greek
865:
851:
830:
815:
772:
741:
737:World War II
668:
667:
501:
455:Institutions
438:
323:
263:Mott problem
113:West Germany
99:(1976-02-01)
36:
12177:1976 deaths
12172:1901 births
11974:Nobel Prize
11413:Steinberger
11329:K. Siegbahn
11321:Bloembergen
11042:Chamberlain
10775:Schrödinger
10685:M. Siegbahn
10614:W. H. Bragg
10610:W. L. Bragg
10335:Biography:
10229:: 213â251.
9871:(1): 1â61.
9623:Am. J. Phys
9587:Am. J. Phys
9533:PrÀparat 38
9521:Walker 1993
9358:muenchen.de
9314:Carson 2010
9302:Carson 2010
9290:Carson 2010
9278:Carson 2010
9219:19 February
8984:17 November
8956:Carson 2010
8944:Carson 2010
8932:Carson 2010
8920:Carson 2010
8895:Horst Kant
8178:Walker 1993
7893:Walker 1993
7758:, p. x
7522:Walker 1993
7510:Walker 1993
7412:Walker 1993
7258:Copenhagen.
6878:Powers 1993
6277:: 137â188.
5929:, cited in
5912:23 February
5625:Powers 1993
5407:Carson 2010
5385:, p. 3
5160:transporter
5137:Oppenheimer
5044:(played by
3699:(1): 1â61.
3363:(4): 1â31.
3081:G-92 (1941)
2932:in 1937, a
2799:Paul Forman
2746: [
2585: [
2388: [
2226:WĂŒrttemberg
2138:sent agent
2047:heavy water
2017:Klara Döpel
2004:Peter Debye
1911:Hans Geiger
1873:, known as
1707:Peter Debye
1684:, achieved
1566:mechanics.
1467:commutative
1326:commutators
1302:cosmic rays
1189:Felix Bloch
1185:Erich Bagge
1072:, became a
934:and at the
848:Early years
813:, in 1957.
791:cosmic rays
594:Erich Bagge
554:Felix Bloch
324:Uranprojekt
12161:Categories
12002:Literature
11930:L'Huillier
11894:Hasselmann
11850:Strickland
11818:Kosterlitz
11742:Perlmutter
11481:Brockhouse
11186:Schrieffer
11058:Hofstadter
11010:C. N. Yang
10767:Heisenberg
10744:De Broglie
10409:3 November
10389:23 October
10094:: 341â342.
9728:. Freeman.
9465:24 January
8558:: 292â296.
6623:1048948576
5742:5 February
5716:5 February
5221:References
5115:Copenhagen
4885:. Ox Bow.
4864:. Reclam.
4810:. Fawcett.
4602:: 292â296.
3922:: 341â342.
3176:Karl Wirtz
3160:Fritz Bopp
3104:Karl Wirtz
3092:Fritz Bopp
3009:Top Secret
3004:Uranverein
2966:inter alia
2566:Otto Haxel
2558:Fritz Bopp
2483:Heinz Pose
2358:Karl Wirtz
2316:campus in
2297:Hans Bethe
2253:safe house
2245:Uranverein
2198:Heidelberg
2187:Haigerloch
2109:Haigerloch
2009:Uranverein
1955:Karl Wirtz
1875:Uranverein
1799:cosmic-ray
1575:inter alia
1563:Gustav Mie
1398:newspapers
1286:Paul Dirac
1115:Niels Bohr
989:turbulence
974:Niels Bohr
625:Guido Beck
589:Ivan Supek
533:Niels Bohr
248:C*-algebra
71:1901-12-05
18:Heisenberg
12052:(Germany)
11983:Chemistry
11976:laureates
11914:Zeilinger
11734:Novoselov
11702:Kobayashi
11626:Abrikosov
11473:J. Taylor
11453:de Gennes
11445:R. Taylor
11337:K. Wilson
11285:R. Wilson
11269:Van Vleck
11240:1976â2000
11230:Rainwater
11226:Mottelson
11202:Josephson
11150:Gell-Mann
11114:Schwinger
11102:Prokhorov
11062:Mössbauer
11022:Cherenkov
11014:T. D. Lee
10938:Cockcroft
10929:1951â1975
10728:C. Wilson
10707:1926â1950
10653:Guillaume
10542:Michelson
10502:Becquerel
10473:1901â1925
10462:Laureates
10326:from the
10282:. Dover.
10258:. Knopf.
10166:120354480
10129:186215469
10078:186232913
10041:126422047
10004:186221789
9967:186218053
9930:186219228
9893:121928597
9856:122524239
9819:122763326
9661:119446738
9251:(10): 4.
8854:121970196
8806:124271377
8736:(3): 69.
8708:120410676
8660:122006877
8532:202047340
8430:186223726
8374:cited in
8370:121271077
8326:cited in
8280:cited in
8219:144392252
8006:"Reviews"
7844:223804966
7742:, citing
7737:18 August
7727:145583391
7661:123698415
7613:124531901
7565:120706757
6631:cite book
6487:186237037
6443:186114542
6255:186238950
6060:1543-1215
5566:186215582
5451:118408281
5434:1307.1244
5253:Citations
5226:Footnotes
5070:Gus Fring
4998:. Hirzel.
4979:. Piper.
4956:. Piper.
4713:121970196
4676:124271377
4617:(3): 69.
4587:120410676
4550:122006877
4468:202047340
4388:186223726
4351:121271077
4237:123698415
4200:124531901
4163:120706757
4115:123209538
3999:186215469
3957:120354480
3906:186232913
3869:126422047
3832:186221789
3795:186218053
3758:186219228
3721:121928597
3684:122524239
3647:122763326
3605:186237037
3563:186114542
3521:186238950
3480:186215582
3414:186220818
3319:186228402
3282:186227343
3241:123083509
3172:O. Ritter
2891:from the
2495:Edinburgh
2491:Cambridge
2374:computing
2261:Hiroshima
2222:Hechingen
2183:Hechingen
2105:Hechingen
1915:Otto Hahn
1855:Ann Arbor
1806:Otto Hahn
1600:knowledge
1453:Umdeutung
1294:positrons
1127:Umdeutung
1107:Göttingen
898:Freikorps
803:Karlsruhe
742:Umdeutung
653:Signature
11922:Agostini
11810:Thouless
11802:McDonald
11790:Nakamura
11758:Wineland
11690:GrĂŒnberg
11646:Politzer
11630:Ginzburg
11618:Giacconi
11598:Ketterle
11553:'t Hooft
11537:Laughlin
11529:Phillips
11509:Osheroff
11437:Friedman
11409:Schwartz
11405:Lederman
11325:Schawlow
11301:Weinberg
11110:Tomonaga
11002:Brattain
10994:Shockley
10903:Blackett
10895:Appleton
10887:Bridgman
10834:Lawrence
10814:Davisson
10794:Chadwick
10677:Millikan
10661:Einstein
10550:Lippmann
10518:Rayleigh
10510:M. Curie
10506:P. Curie
10345:Archived
10333:MacTutor
10243:73128582
9770:(1986).
9688:. Yale.
9544:Archived
9459:Archived
9128:, Vol. I
8978:Archived
8974:Die Zeit
8904:Archived
8758:41323295
8604:18228928
8276:93679759
8071:2 August
8049:Die Zeit
8016:26 April
8010:Archived
7989:26 April
7980:Archived
7731:archived
7537:Z. Phys.
7482:Archived
7427:Archived
7313:Archived
7017:39613897
6926:Archived
6912:Archived
6898:Archived
6711:Archived
6582:Archived
6559:Archived
6394:Archived
6391:Max Born
6360:(1991).
6344:53118117
6291:27757370
6198:(1980).
6087:(1962).
6068:26609101
5906:Archived
5898:APS News
5839:Archived
5318:Archived
5167:See also
5081:Moe Berg
4639:41323295
4505:18228928
4036:39613897
3072:O und 38
3057:K. Döpel
3023:and the
2940:in 1958.
2767:â
2140:Moe Berg
2066:S-matrix
2053:and the
1828:bursting
1686:emeritus
1635:. After
1471:matrices
1310:positron
1193:Ugo Fano
1131:Max Born
940:Max Born
879:Lutheran
854:WĂŒrzburg
752:Max Born
630:Ugo Fano
538:Max Born
410:ForMemRS
364:Children
293:S-matrix
79:WĂŒrzburg
12042:Physics
11910:Clauser
11874:Penrose
11858:Peebles
11814:Haldane
11782:Akasaki
11770:Englert
11762:Haroche
11746:Schmidt
11706:Maskawa
11658:Glauber
11650:Wilczek
11634:Leggett
11614:Koshiba
11594:Cornell
11585:present
11569:Kroemer
11565:Alferov
11557:Veltman
11541:Störmer
11461:Charpak
11441:Kendall
11425:Dehmelt
11393:Bednorz
11293:Glashow
11281:Penzias
11277:Kapitsa
11249:Richter
11222:A. Bohr
11198:Giaever
11178:Bardeen
11142:Alvarez
11126:Kastler
11118:Feynman
10998:Bardeen
10962:Zernike
10954:Purcell
10724:Compton
10669:N. Bohr
10558:Marconi
10490:Lorentz
10482:Röntgen
10464:of the
10424:of the
10420:in the
10146:Bibcode
10138:Z. Phys
10109:Bibcode
10101:Z. Phys
10058:Bibcode
10021:Bibcode
10013:Z. Phys
9984:Bibcode
9976:Z. Phys
9947:Bibcode
9939:Z. Phys
9910:Bibcode
9902:Z. Phys
9873:Bibcode
9865:Z. Phys
9836:Bibcode
9828:Z. Phys
9799:Bibcode
9791:Z. Phys
9641:Bibcode
9595:Bibcode
9253:Bibcode
9175:Bibcode
9009:Bibcode
8834:Bibcode
8786:Bibcode
8778:Z. Phys
8738:Bibcode
8688:Bibcode
8680:Z. Phys
8640:Bibcode
8612:4043099
8584:Bibcode
8510:Bibcode
8464:Bibcode
8410:Bibcode
8402:Z. Phys
8350:Bibcode
8342:Z. Phys
8308:Bibcode
8254:Bibcode
7919:(1993)
7801:(1995)
7773:(1969)
7707:Bibcode
7641:Bibcode
7633:Z. Phys
7593:Bibcode
7585:Z. Phys
7545:Bibcode
7304:4076376
7282:Bibcode
7253:4113262
7233:Bibcode
7198:Bibcode
7167:5920336
7147:Bibcode
7066:Bibcode
6997:Bibcode
6782:Bibcode
6717:20 July
6467:Bibcode
6423:Bibcode
6368:275â279
6324:Bibcode
6235:Bibcode
5659:Bibcode
5546:Bibcode
5538:Z. Phys
4975:(ed.).
4730:Bibcode
4693:Bibcode
4656:Bibcode
4648:Z. Phys
4619:Bibcode
4567:Bibcode
4559:Z. Phys
4530:Bibcode
4513:4043099
4485:Bibcode
4446:Bibcode
4411:Bibcode
4368:Bibcode
4360:Z. Phys
4331:Bibcode
4323:Z. Phys
4300:Bibcode
4265:Bibcode
4217:Bibcode
4209:Z. Phys
4180:Bibcode
4172:Z. Phys
4143:Bibcode
4135:Z. Phys
4095:Bibcode
4066:Bibcode
4016:Bibcode
3979:Bibcode
3971:Z. Phys
3937:Bibcode
3929:Z. Phys
3886:Bibcode
3849:Bibcode
3841:Z. Phys
3812:Bibcode
3804:Z. Phys
3775:Bibcode
3767:Z. Phys
3738:Bibcode
3730:Z. Phys
3701:Bibcode
3693:Z. Phys
3664:Bibcode
3656:Z. Phys
3627:Bibcode
3619:Z. Phys
3585:Bibcode
3543:Bibcode
3501:Bibcode
3460:Bibcode
3452:Z. Phys
3431:Bibcode
3394:Bibcode
3386:Z. Phys
3365:Bibcode
3336:Bibcode
3328:Z. Phys
3299:Bibcode
3291:Z. Phys
3262:Bibcode
3254:Z. Phys
3221:Bibcode
3213:Z. Phys
2977:of the
2971:1933 â
2960:1932 â
2803:Science
2663:Germany
2499:Bristol
2487:Obninsk
2449:at the
2330:Alswede
2043:uranium
1849:at the
1824:uranium
1625:neutron
1459:Kramers
1412:scholar
1076:at the
884:Timaeus
735:during
708:German:
358:
346:
342:
238:Isospin
109:Bavaria
11926:Krausz
11920:2023:
11906:Aspect
11904:2022:
11898:Manabe
11890:Parisi
11888:2021:
11878:Genzel
11872:2020:
11866:Queloz
11856:2019:
11846:Mourou
11842:Ashkin
11840:2018:
11834:Thorne
11830:Barish
11824:2017:
11808:2016:
11798:Kajita
11796:2015:
11780:2014:
11768:2013:
11756:2012:
11740:2011:
11728:2010:
11712:2009:
11696:2008:
11684:2007:
11674:Mather
11672:2006:
11666:HĂ€nsch
11656:2005:
11640:2004:
11624:2003:
11608:2002:
11602:Wieman
11592:2001:
11563:2000:
11551:1999:
11535:1998:
11519:1997:
11505:D. Lee
11503:1996:
11497:Reines
11491:1995:
11479:1994:
11467:1993:
11459:1992:
11451:1991:
11435:1990:
11421:Ramsey
11419:1989:
11403:1988:
11397:MĂŒller
11391:1987:
11385:Rohrer
11381:Binnig
11375:1986:
11367:1985:
11357:Rubbia
11355:1984:
11349:Fowler
11343:1983:
11335:1982:
11319:1981:
11309:Cronin
11307:1980:
11291:1979:
11275:1978:
11259:1977:
11247:1976:
11220:1975:
11214:Hewish
11208:1974:
11192:1973:
11182:Cooper
11176:1972:
11168:1971:
11158:Alfvén
11156:1970:
11148:1969:
11140:1968:
11132:1967:
11124:1966:
11108:1965:
11094:Townes
11092:1964:
11086:Jensen
11078:Wigner
11076:1963:
11070:Landau
11068:1962:
11056:1961:
11050:Glaser
11048:1960:
11036:1959:
11020:1958:
11008:1957:
10992:1956:
10980:1955:
10968:1954:
10960:1953:
10948:1952:
10942:Walton
10936:1951:
10919:Powell
10917:1950:
10911:Yukawa
10909:1949:
10901:1948:
10893:1947:
10885:1946:
10877:1945:
10869:1944:
10861:1943:
10832:1939:
10824:1938:
10812:1937:
10800:1936:
10792:1935:
10773:1933:
10765:1932:
10750:1930:
10742:1929:
10734:1928:
10722:1927:
10716:Perrin
10714:1926:
10693:Franck
10691:1925:
10683:1924:
10675:1923:
10667:1922:
10659:1921:
10651:1920:
10643:1919:
10637:Planck
10635:1918:
10629:Barkla
10627:1917:
10608:1915:
10600:1914:
10592:1913:
10584:1912:
10576:1911:
10568:1910:
10556:1909:
10548:1908:
10540:1907:
10532:1906:
10526:Lenard
10524:1905:
10516:1904:
10500:1903:
10494:Zeeman
10488:1902:
10480:1901:
10305:
10286:
10262:
10241:
10210:
10191:
10164:
10127:
10076:
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9965:
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9891:
9854:
9817:
9778:
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9574:
9539:; see
9490:23 May
9439:23 May
9413:23 May
9386:
9210:
9145:
9062:
8852:
8804:
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8602:
8576:Nature
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1820:barium
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12121:1932
12026:Peace
11972:1932
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11722:Smith
11718:Boyle
11698:Nambu
11678:Smoot
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11583:2001â
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11485:Shull
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11098:Basov
11038:SegrĂš
11026:Frank
10986:Kusch
10974:Bothe
10950:Bloch
10879:Pauli
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10826:Fermi
10779:Dirac
10752:Raman
10697:Hertz
10645:Stark
10586:Dalén
10562:Braun
10239:S2CID
10162:S2CID
10125:S2CID
10074:S2CID
10037:S2CID
10000:S2CID
9963:S2CID
9926:S2CID
9889:S2CID
9852:S2CID
9815:S2CID
9772:Alsos
9657:S2CID
9631:arXiv
9619:(PDF)
9365:(PDF)
9354:(PDF)
9163:(PDF)
8850:S2CID
8802:S2CID
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8528:S2CID
8426:S2CID
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7983:(PDF)
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7163:S2CID
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6340:S2CID
6314:arXiv
6287:JSTOR
6251:S2CID
6064:JSTOR
5809:(PDF)
5794:(PDF)
5776:(PDF)
5761:(PDF)
5562:S2CID
5447:S2CID
5429:arXiv
5038:alias
4709:S2CID
4672:S2CID
4635:S2CID
4583:S2CID
4546:S2CID
4509:S2CID
4464:S2CID
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4032:S2CID
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3680:S2CID
3643:S2CID
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3559:S2CID
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3278:S2CID
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2914:Prize
2872:(de,
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1405:books
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12141:1936
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12106:1929
12101:1928
12096:1927
12033:None
12006:1932
11882:Ghez
11730:Geim
11686:Fert
11662:Hall
11545:Tsui
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11429:Paul
11265:Mott
11253:Ting
11210:Ryle
11162:NĂ©el
11030:Tamm
10982:Lamb
10970:Born
10871:Rabi
10855:1942
10848:1941
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10802:Hess
10786:1934
10759:1931
10621:1916
10602:Laue
10578:Wien
10411:2008
10391:2008
10303:ISBN
10284:ISBN
10260:ISBN
10208:ISBN
10189:ISBN
9776:ISBN
9754:ISBN
9709:ISBN
9690:ISBN
9675:link
9572:ISBN
9492:2023
9467:2016
9441:2023
9415:2023
9384:ISBN
9221:2022
9208:ISBN
9143:ISBN
9060:ISBN
8986:2018
8901:2002
8600:PMID
8159:ISBN
8134:ISBN
8106:ISBN
8073:2023
8018:2017
7991:2017
7840:OCLC
7807:ISBN
7739:2014
7378:ISBN
7308:The
6719:2008
6637:link
6619:OCLC
6609:ISBN
6579:1933
6577:and
6534:ISBN
6372:ISBN
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6111:OCLC
6101:ISBN
6056:ISSN
5914:2011
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5496:ISBN
5472:ISBN
5125:play
5060:meth
5040:for
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4958:ISBN
4928:ISBN
4887:ISBN
4866:ISBN
4825:ISBN
4771:ISBN
4501:PMID
4128:(2).
2810:and
2665:and
2634:and
2595:and
2497:and
2463:CERN
2364:and
2295:and
2270:The
2045:and
1957:and
1941:and
1929:and
1869:The
1808:and
1701:the
1668:and
1391:news
1322:spin
1263:and
1133:and
1014:, a
942:and
930:and
889:atom
754:and
371:and
354:1937
157:List
94:Died
61:Born
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11521:Chu
10426:ZBW
10231:doi
10154:doi
10117:doi
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