2458:
38:
2553:
2656:
1881:
2112:, and interfere with their functioning". Symptoms and effects can vary according to the metal or metal compound, and the dose involved. Broadly, long-term exposure to toxic heavy metals can have carcinogenic, central and peripheral nervous system, and circulatory effects. For humans, typical presentations associated with exposure to any of the "classical" toxic heavy metals, or chromium (another toxic heavy metal) or arsenic (a metalloid), are shown in the table.
7255:
6297:
2725:
2364:
7279:
7267:
2795:
2355:. They noted an "absence of investigation" and were reduced to "the necessity of pleading for the collection of data". In 1884, Blake described an apparent connection between toxicity and the atomic weight of an element. The following sections provide historical thumbnails for the "classical" toxic heavy metals (arsenic, mercury and lead) and some more recent examples (chromium and cadmium).
2431:(64–50 BCE – c. AD 24?), a Greek geographer and historian, wrote that only slaves were employed in realgar and orpiment mines since they would inevitably die from the toxic effects of the fumes given off from the ores. Arsenic-contaminated beer poisoned over 6,000 people in the Manchester area of England in 1900, and is thought to have killed at least 70 victims.
2849:(calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate) that convert heavy metals to chemically inert forms that can be excreted without further interaction with the body. Chelates are not without side effects and can also remove beneficial metals from the body. Vitamin and mineral supplements are sometimes co-administered for this reason
2079:. Motor vehicle emissions are a major source of airborne contaminants including arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, antimony, vanadium, zinc, platinum, palladium and rhodium. Water sources (groundwater, lakes, streams and rivers) can be polluted by heavy metals leaching from industrial and consumer waste;
2747:. The origin of these symptoms was not clear; possibilities raised at the time included "a regional or bacterial disease or lead poisoning". In 1955, cadmium was identified as the likely cause and in 1961 the source was directly linked to mining operations in the area. In February 2010, cadmium was found in
2528:. More than 21,000 people filed claims with the Japanese government, of which almost 3000 became certified as having the disease. In 22 documented cases, pregnant women who consumed contaminated fish showed mild or no symptoms but gave birth to infants with severe developmental disabilities. Since the
2647:, Australia, reached a level over 50 times the prescribed national drinking water guidelines. The source of the contamination was attributed to "a combination of dilapidated drinking water infrastructure, including lead jointed pipelines, end-of-life polyvinyl chloride pipes and household plumbing".
125:
is both meaningless and misleading". The IUPAC report focuses on the legal and toxicological implications of describing "heavy metals" as toxins when there is no scientific evidence to support a connection. The density implied by the adjective "heavy" has almost no biological consequences and pure
2053:
during the 1930s–1970s. Lead levels in the aquatic environments of industrialised societies have been estimated to be two to three times those of pre-industrial levels. Although the use of leaded gasoline was largely phased out in North
America by 1996, soils next to roads built before this time
104:
These toxic elements are found naturally in the earth. They become concentrated as a result of human caused activities and can enter plant and animal (including human) tissues via inhalation, diet, and manual handling. Then, they can bind to and interfere with the functioning of vital cellular
2083:
can exacerbate this process by releasing heavy metals trapped in soils. Transport through soil can be facilitated by the presence of preferential flow paths (macropores) and dissolved organic compounds. Plants are exposed to heavy metals through the uptake of water; animals eat these plants;
2342:
The toxic effects of arsenic, mercury and lead were known to the ancients but methodical studies of the overall toxicity of heavy metals appear to date from only 1868. In that year, Wanklyn and
Chapman speculated on the adverse effects of the heavy metals "arsenic, lead, copper, zinc,
2084:
ingestion of plant- and animal-based foods are the largest sources of heavy metals in humans. Absorption through skin contact, for example from contact with soil, or metal containing toys and jewelry, is another potential source of heavy metal contamination. Toxic heavy metals can
2716:. The town was only notified three days after the release and the accident sparked a major public controversy, with Orica criticised for playing down the extent and possible risks of the leak, and the state Government attacked for their slow response to the incident.
1871:
Elements that are nutritionally essential for animal or plant life but which are considered toxic metals in high doses or other forms include cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn).
105:
components. The toxic effects of arsenic, mercury, and lead were known to the ancients, but methodical studies of the toxicity of some heavy metals appear to date from only 1868. In humans, heavy metal poisoning is generally treated by the administration of
1891:
Toxic metals are found naturally in the earth, and become concentrated as a result of human activities, or, in some cases geochemical processes, such as accumulation in peat soils that are then released when drained for agriculture. Common sources are
2894:, in small quantities, for human health. These elements include vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium and molybdenum. A deficiency of these essential metals may increase susceptibility to heavy metal poisoning.
2881:
is an on or off-site process that uses chemicals, high-temperature volatization, or electrolysis to extract contaminants from soils. The process or processes used will vary according to contaminant and the characteristics of the site.
1992:, color enhancer, or anti-corrosive agent. Cadmium is sometimes employed as a stabilizer, or to increase the mass and luster of toy jewelry. Arsenic is thought to be used in connection with coloring dyes. Regular imbibers of
2705:, occurred amongst 60 automobile factory workers in England. The workers had been wet-sanding chromate-based primer paint that had been applied to car bodies. In Australia, chromium was released from the
2074:
Heavy metals enter plant, animal and human tissues via air inhalation, diet, and manual handling. Welding, galvanizing, brazing, and soldering exposes workers to fumes that may be inhaled and result in
4524:
Finch LE, Hillyer MM, Leopold MC (2015). "Quantitative
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Children's Toys and Jewelry: A Multi-Instrument Multitechnique Exercise in Analytical Chemistry and Public Health".
2439:. Its source was traced to flaking arsenic-laden paint on the ceiling of her bedroom. She may also have eaten food contaminated by arsenic in flaking ceiling paint in the embassy dining room.
57:, in 2008. The river water was contaminated with toxic metals including arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and thallium. Cleanup costs may exceed $ 1.2 billion.
4675:
Harvey PJ, Handley HK, Taylor MP (April 2015). "Identification of the sources of metal (lead) contamination in drinking waters in north-eastern
Tasmania using lead isotopic compositions".
7314:
5535:"Fear In The Fields -- How Hazardous Wastes Become Fertilizer -- Spreading Heavy Metals On Farmland Is Perfectly Legal, But Little Research Has Been Done To Find Out Whether It's Safe"
5637:
2857:
Soils contaminated by heavy metals can be remediated by one or more of the following technologies: isolation; immobilization; toxicity reduction; physical separation; or extraction.
2897:
Selenium is the most toxic of the heavy metals that are essential for mammals. Selenium is normally excreted and only becomes toxic when the intake exceeds the excretory capacity.
2504:"), as mercury-based compounds were once used in the manufacture of felt hats in the 18th and 19th century. Historically, gold amalgam (an alloy with mercury) was widely used in
5128:
Pezzarossa B, Gorini F, Petruzelli G (2011). "Heavy Metal and
Selenium Distribution and Bioavailability in Contaminated Sites: A Tool for Phytoremediation". In Selim HM (ed.).
2631:
estimated that lead poisoning resulted in 143,000 deaths, and "contribute to 600,000 new cases of children with intellectual disabilities", each year. In the U.S. city of
2516:
poisoning occurred in several places in Japan during the 1950s due to industrial discharges of mercury into rivers and coastal waters. The best-known instances were in
3977:
Balasubramanian R, He J, Wang LK (2009). "Control, Management, and
Treatment of Metal Emissions from Motor Vehicles". In Wang LK, Chen JP, Hung YT, Shammas NK (eds.).
4971:
Newman D (1890). "A Case of Adeno-carcinoma of the Left
Inferior Turbinated Body, and Perforation of the Nasal Septum, in the Person of a Worker in Chrome Pigments".
4749:
Hillman AL, Abbot MB, Yu JQ, Bain DJ, Chiou-Peng TH (2015). "Environmental Legacy of Copper
Metallurgy and Mongol Silver Smelting Recorded in Yunnan Lake Sediments".
1988:
floating in the world's oceans. Arsenic, cadmium and lead may be present in children's toys at levels that exceed regulatory standards. Lead can be used in toys as a
2743:, as a byproduct of mining operations. Residents in the surrounding area subsequently consumed rice grown in cadmium-contaminated irrigation water. They experienced
7222:
5248:
Qureshi S, Richards BK, McBride MB, Baveye P, Steenhuis TS (2003). "Temperature and
Microbial Activity Effects on Trace Element Leaching from Metalliferous Peats".
5697:
130:
uses "toxic metal" not "heavy metals". Nevertheless many scientific and science related articles continue to use "heavy metal" as a term for toxic substances.
4219:
Camobreco VJ, Richards BK, Steenhuis TS, Peverly JH, McBride MB (November 1996). "Movement of heavy metals through undisturbed and homogenized soil columns".
126:
metals are rarely the biologically active substance. This characterization has been echoed by numerous reviews. The most widely used toxicology textbook,
2011:
The geographical extent of sources may be very large. For example, up to one-sixth of China's arable land might be affected by heavy metal contamination.
6647:
118:
2062:
used in firearms) gradually accumulates at firearms training grounds, contaminating the local environment and exposing range employees to a risk of
6334:
5880:
2916:
1003:
Metals with multiple toxic effects include arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni).
46:
5743:
5731:
3938:"What are heavy metals? Long-standing controversy over the scientific use of the term 'heavy metals' – proposal of a comprehensive definition"
7321:
2600:, reported, "water is much more wholesome from earthenware pipes than from lead pipes. For it seems to be made injurious by lead, because
5820:
5229:
Qu C, Ma Z, Yang J, Lie Y, Bi J, Huang L (2014). "Human
Exposure Pathways of Heavy Metal in a Lead-Zinc Mining Area". In Asrari E (ed.).
7193:
6186:
5755:
4248:
Chowdhury BA, Chandra RK (1987). "Biological and health implications of toxic heavy metal and essential trace element interactions".
5429:
2612:
region exceeded contamination levels from modern mining activities by nearly four times. In the 17th and 18th centuries, people in
5054:
4986:"The replacement of the nondescript term 'heavy metals' by a biologically and chemically significant classification of metal ions"
2759:
confirmed the original results. In June 2010 cadmium was detected in the paint used on promotional drinking glasses for the movie
5323:
Rogers MJ (2000). "Text and Illustrations. Dioscorides and the Illuminated Herbal in the Arab Tradition". In Contadini A (ed.).
5900:
4930:
4820:
5895:
5721:
5393:
5355:
4153:
3926:
1005:
137:
17:
2588:
who is thought to have lived in the 1st century CE, wrote that lead "makes the mind give way". Lead was used extensively in
6327:
5792:
5347:
2440:
4269:
Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2011). "Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review".
2689:
have been known since at least the late 19th century. In 1890, Newman described the elevated cancer risk of workers in a
7731:
6181:
5584:
5565:
5374:
5313:
5294:
5206:
5118:
5026:
4911:
4665:
4428:
4409:
4325:
3986:
6764:
6051:
5687:
5523:
5450:
5332:
5238:
5137:
4890:
4804:
4495:
4060:
1976:
in rural area; contaminated ventilation system; food contaminated by the environment or by the packaging; armaments;
7283:
7078:
7512:
6320:
6141:
6111:
6081:
5855:
2877:
involves the removal of the contaminated soil and the separation of the metal contaminants by mechanical means.
2861:
involves the use of caps, membranes or below-ground barriers in an attempt to quarantine the contaminated soil.
7407:
6896:
6891:
5017:
Nielen MW, Marvin HJ (2008). "Challenges in Chemical Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis". In Picó Y (ed.).
109:. Some elements otherwise regarded as toxic heavy metals are essential, in small quantities, for human health.
7685:
7163:
6901:
6589:
6131:
5955:
5915:
7307:
6719:
5534:
5217:
2906:
2712:
explosives plant on August 8, 2011. Up to 20 workers at the plant were exposed as were 70 nearby homes in
7271:
6886:
6056:
2736:
2492:
pills that were intended to give him eternal life. The phrase "mad as a hatter" is likely a reference to
2265:
2213:
7710:
7005:
6624:
6196:
5963:
5548:"Potential Ecological Risk due to Acidification of Heavy Industrialized Areas — The Upper Silesia Case"
2911:
2789:
2706:
2509:
2461:
5747:
7565:
7158:
6664:
6652:
6594:
5968:
5404:
5037:
3937:
2766:
2713:
2628:
1996:
may be exposed to arsenic or lead poisoning the source of which is arsenic-contaminated lead used to
90:
5735:
4515:
4010:
2508:, leading to numerous casualties among the workers. It is estimated that during the construction of
7153:
7074:
6876:
5885:
5785:
4043:
Bánfalvi G (2011). "Heavy Metals, Trace Elements and their Cellular Effects". In Bánfalvi G (ed.).
7203:
6824:
6734:
6538:
6156:
6096:
6023:
5865:
2865:
aims to alter the properties of the soil so as to hinder the mobility of the heavy contaminants.
5676:
National Research Council (US), Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants (1974).
5557:
5551:
4985:
7577:
6548:
6013:
6008:
5973:
5660:
4510:
4474:
4005:
2836:
1989:
5304:
Rand GM, Wells PG, McCarty LS (1995). "Introduction to aquatic toxicology". In Rand GM (ed.).
4052:
7517:
7392:
6871:
6774:
6754:
5231:
Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil: Analysis, assessment, and remediation strategies
2529:
1977:
1973:
31:
4787:
4044:
2755:
jewelry. Wal-Mart continued to sell the jewelry until May, when covert testing organised by
2685:
metal are not considered a health hazard, while the toxicity and carcinogenic properties of
7690:
7402:
7362:
7352:
7347:
7116:
6729:
6714:
6530:
6222:
6033:
5257:
5169:
4758:
4729:
4684:
4626:
4566:
4533:
4278:
4228:
4176:
3949:
2581:
4883:
Introduction to Environmental Toxicology: Molecular Substructures to Ecological Landscapes
4656:
Haines AT, Nieboer E (1988). "Chromium hypersensitivity". In Nriagu JO, Nieboer E (eds.).
4505:
Evanko CA, Dzombak DA (1997). "Remediation of Metals-Contaminated Soils and Groundwater".
4335:
Davidson PW, Myers GJ, Weiss B (2004). "Mercury exposure and child development outcomes".
3996:
Baldwin DR, Marshall WJ (1999). "Heavy metal poisoning and its laboratory investigation".
8:
7736:
7560:
7527:
7487:
7387:
7259:
7198:
6922:
6881:
6688:
6641:
6584:
6409:
6383:
6136:
6121:
6076:
5875:
5778:
4955:
3903:
2761:
2639:. The source of the contamination has been attributed to "corrosion in the lead and iron
2473:
2275:
5504:
5261:
5173:
4762:
4733:
4688:
4630:
4570:
4537:
4282:
4232:
4180:
3953:
7695:
7654:
7479:
7357:
7111:
6975:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6759:
6619:
6434:
6262:
6227:
6171:
6091:
6066:
5835:
5815:
5625:
5547:
5486:
5461:
5157:
5097:
4864:
4839:
4708:
4587:
4554:
4461:
4399:
4360:
4165:"Heavy Metal Sulphide Deposits and Geochemical Surveys for Heavy Metals in New Zealand"
4125:
4100:
4031:
2735:
exposure is a phenomenon of the early 20th century, and onwards. In Japan in 1910, the
2659:
2643:
to city residents". In 2015, the lead concentration of drinking water in north-eastern
2636:
2521:
2501:
2280:
2198:
4386:
4373:
7634:
7602:
7597:
7582:
7555:
7502:
7492:
7397:
7377:
7372:
7342:
7241:
6801:
6724:
6657:
6614:
6553:
6520:
6457:
6424:
6414:
6373:
6301:
6086:
5983:
5830:
5717:
5683:
5652:
5617:
5612:
5595:
5580:
5561:
5519:
5491:
5446:
5389:
5370:
5351:
5328:
5309:
5290:
5273:
5234:
5202:
5185:
5133:
5114:
5089:
5022:
5005:
5001:
4959:
4917:
4907:
4886:
4869:
4774:
4700:
4661:
4644:
4592:
4491:
4424:
4405:
4352:
4321:
4304:
4257:
4240:
4149:
4130:
4087:
4056:
4045:
4023:
3982:
3965:
3922:
2783:
2744:
2667:
2640:
2493:
2489:
2436:
2292:
2260:
2171:
2143:
2101:
1961:
1917:
1901:
1587:
719:
82:
6787:
6312:
5629:
5101:
4712:
4465:
4290:
4035:
2457:
37:
7629:
7587:
6782:
6744:
6739:
6674:
6567:
6462:
6217:
6176:
6161:
6061:
6041:
5607:
5481:
5473:
5416:
5365:
Sengupta AK (2002). "Principles of Heavy Metals Separation". In Sengupta AK (ed.).
5306:
Fundamentals Of Aquatic Toxicology: Effects, Environmental Fate And Risk Assessment
5265:
5177:
5079:
4997:
4951:
4859:
4851:
4766:
4737:
4692:
4634:
4582:
4574:
4541:
4451:
4364:
4344:
4294:
4286:
4236:
4207:
4189:
4184:
4164:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4079:
4015:
3957:
2870:
2756:
2525:
2465:
2321:
2307:
2076:
2005:
1981:
1897:
5147:
Poovey B (15 September 2001). "Trial Starts on Damage Lawsuits in TVA Ash Spill".
3961:
7700:
7592:
7532:
7497:
7382:
7367:
6961:
6749:
6669:
6467:
6449:
6252:
6126:
5840:
5677:
4901:
4143:
3183:
2891:
2693:
dye company. Chromate-induced dermatitis was reported in aircraft workers during
2632:
2604:
is produced by it, and this is said to be harmful to the human body." During the
2589:
2452:
2370:, a toxic arsenic mineral used in the tanning industry to remove hair from hides.
2085:
2015:
1913:
1884:
4578:
7644:
7639:
7624:
7612:
7168:
7141:
7064:
7031:
6966:
6706:
6472:
6419:
6277:
6257:
6247:
6242:
6232:
6212:
6151:
6046:
5978:
5920:
5905:
5850:
5420:
5181:
4019:
2926:
2830:
In humans, heavy metal poisoning is generally treated by the administration of
2621:
2552:
2352:
2325:
2230:
2225:
2063:
2059:
2055:
74:
5477:
4696:
2740:
7725:
7705:
7669:
7659:
7617:
7607:
7036:
6927:
6849:
6697:
6482:
6439:
6355:
5935:
5860:
5189:
5009:
4921:
4615:"Bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Sb in Toys and Low-Cost Jewelry"
4348:
3998:
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine
3969:
3315:
2678:
2608:
period in China (1271−1368 AD), lead pollution due to silver smelting in the
2593:
2513:
2485:
1985:
1940:; illegal depositing of construction and demolition waste; open top roll-off
1757:
889:
7649:
6543:
4903:
Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline: Worldwide Experience and Policy Implications
4456:
4439:
2655:
7522:
7052:
6866:
6282:
6166:
6116:
5988:
5945:
5621:
5277:
5093:
4963:
4873:
4778:
4704:
4648:
4596:
4356:
4308:
4134:
4091:
4027:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2524:. In Minamata alone, more than 600 people died due to what became known as
2203:
2158:
2109:
1949:
1799:
1666:
1440:
931:
798:
572:
70:
5495:
4261:
4101:"On the Connection Between Physiological Action and Chemical Constitution"
4083:
3904:"Heavy Metal Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
3819:
2869:
attempts to oxidise or reduce the toxic heavy metal ions, via chemical or
1880:
7570:
7507:
7132:
7096:
7057:
7043:
6970:
6942:
6401:
6272:
6267:
6191:
6146:
6106:
6003:
5910:
5269:
4855:
4555:"A Rationale for Lowering the Blood Lead Action Level from 10 to 2 μg/dL"
2921:
2752:
2617:
2285:
2163:
2154:
2148:
1921:
1841:
1813:
1806:
1736:
1722:
1715:
973:
945:
938:
868:
854:
847:
50:
6429:
5659:
5506:
Water-analysis: A Practical Treatise on the Examination of Potable Water
3363:
3132:
2996:
2994:
93:'s list of 10 chemicals of major public concern. Other examples include
7458:
7188:
7086:
7048:
6985:
6949:
6914:
6576:
6237:
6101:
5801:
4741:
4299:
4211:
3687:
3615:
3171:
2663:
2601:
2557:
2541:
2512:
alone, 60 workers died from the gilding of the main dome. Outbreaks of
2432:
2312:
2250:
2208:
2189:
2089:
2001:
1969:
1937:
1925:
1848:
1792:
1771:
1750:
1489:
1475:
1454:
1326:
1319:
1120:
980:
924:
903:
882:
621:
607:
586:
458:
451:
252:
7299:
5084:
5067:
4770:
4639:
4614:
4545:
2724:
2014:
Lead is the most prevalent heavy metal contaminant. As a component of
1984:
recycling yard; treated woods; aging water supply infrastructure; and
1887:
is one of the most significant heavy metal contaminants in recent use.
7208:
7148:
7101:
7010:
6997:
6954:
6937:
6861:
6512:
6477:
6345:
6071:
6018:
5870:
3908:
3627:
2991:
2831:
2597:
2585:
2577:
2568:
were known to the ancients. In the 2nd century BC the Greek botanist
2348:
2270:
2246:
2080:
1993:
1905:
1855:
1834:
1827:
1708:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1517:
1447:
1426:
1389:
1347:
1333:
1305:
1287:
1243:
1194:
1150:
1106:
1097:
1037:
987:
966:
959:
840:
826:
819:
812:
649:
579:
558:
521:
479:
465:
437:
419:
375:
326:
282:
238:
229:
169:
106:
54:
4805:"Trace metal distribution in feathers from migratory, pelagic birds"
3291:
3018:
30:"Heavy metal poisoning" redirects here. For the 1983 Styx song, see
7542:
7450:
7434:
7106:
7091:
7024:
7014:
6932:
6606:
6350:
5998:
5890:
5825:
5716:(21st ed.). The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 1985.
5386:
Novel Biomaterials: Decontamination of Toxic Metals from Wastewater
3807:
3279:
2698:
2682:
2644:
2569:
2533:
2517:
2497:
2403:
2367:
2363:
2317:
2184:
2176:
2050:
1957:
1953:
1941:
1820:
1743:
1652:
1638:
1622:
1615:
1594:
1573:
1545:
1538:
1524:
1468:
1461:
1382:
1280:
1257:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1134:
1074:
1060:
1012:
952:
875:
784:
770:
754:
747:
726:
705:
677:
670:
656:
600:
593:
514:
412:
389:
319:
312:
305:
298:
266:
206:
192:
144:
94:
3531:
3219:
3161:
3159:
7550:
7227:
7136:
6853:
6498:
5925:
4218:
3831:
3747:
3321:
2748:
2732:
2671:
2537:
2505:
2477:
2378:
2374:
2105:
1945:
1933:
1785:
1778:
1764:
1729:
1673:
1659:
1608:
1566:
1552:
1531:
1510:
1496:
1482:
1412:
1361:
1340:
1312:
1298:
1271:
1264:
1250:
1236:
1157:
1113:
1030:
917:
910:
896:
861:
805:
791:
740:
698:
684:
663:
642:
628:
614:
544:
493:
472:
444:
430:
403:
396:
382:
368:
289:
245:
162:
78:
42:
7226:
is generally non-toxic metal, but in large doses it can lead to
4931:"McDonald's Recall: 'Shrek' Glasses Contain Toxic Metal Cadmium"
3303:
2435:, American ambassador to Italy from 1953 to 1956, suffered from
7466:
7442:
7426:
7417:
7223:
7019:
6980:
6368:
5940:
5930:
5367:
Environmental Separation of Heavy Metals: Engineering Processes
5325:
Arab Painting: Text and Image in Illustrated Arabic Manuscripts
4606:
Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons 5
3411:
3327:
3255:
3195:
3156:
3098:
3096:
2702:
2609:
2605:
2480:
its dome caused numerous casualties among the workers involved.
2443:, as of 2014, "is still poisoning millions of people in Asia".
2428:
2329:
2240:
2218:
2194:
1997:
1893:
1701:
1645:
1559:
1503:
1433:
1419:
1396:
1368:
1354:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1127:
1090:
1067:
1053:
1021:
833:
777:
691:
635:
565:
551:
528:
500:
486:
354:
347:
340:
259:
222:
199:
185:
153:
98:
5651:
4840:"Metal fume fever: A case report and review of the literature"
3825:
3771:
3375:
3006:
7237:
7233:
6392:
5845:
5770:
4906:. World Bank Technical Paper. Vol. 397. The World Bank.
3735:
3120:
3081:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2823:
2794:
2709:
2624:
2613:
2573:
2180:
2100:
Heavy metals "can bind to vital cellular components, such as
1929:
1909:
1629:
1403:
1141:
1046:
761:
535:
273:
178:
66:
5247:
4803:
Howell N, Lavers J, Paterson D, Garrett R, Banati R (2012).
4268:
3879:
3855:
3723:
3675:
3447:
3189:
3138:
3108:
3093:
5130:
Dynamics and Bioavailabiliy of Heavy Metals in the Rootzone
4802:
3231:
3177:
3030:
2890:
Some elements otherwise regarded as toxic heavy metals are
2565:
2469:
2344:
1601:
1580:
1229:
1201:
1081:
733:
712:
361:
333:
213:
86:
5155:
5127:
4198:
Cameron CA (1871). "Half-yearly Report on Public Health".
3543:
3387:
3369:
3351:
3000:
2974:
121:(IUPAC), which standardizes nomenclature, says "the term
77:
are not heavy. Elements often discussed as toxic include
5754:
5742:
5730:
5675:
4604:
Goyer RA, Clarkson TW (1996). "Toxic effects of metals".
4421:
Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome
3795:
3693:
3633:
3603:
3024:
1965:
1375:
507:
5698:"Missing mercury pollution is enough for mass poisoning"
5218:"Wal-Mart Pulls Miley Cyrus Jewelry After Cadmium Tests"
5201:. A History of Medicine. Vol. III. Horatius Press.
4807:. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
3591:
3059:
3057:
5993:
5636:
4990:
Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical
4837:
3867:
3813:
3339:
3285:
3207:
3843:
3495:
3471:
3423:
3399:
6342:
5308:(2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 3–70.
3976:
3759:
3651:
3567:
3519:
3297:
3267:
3054:
3579:
5156:Pourret O, Bollinger JC, Hursthouse A (June 2021).
4674:
4523:
3639:
3507:
3243:
3201:
3165:
3069:
2697:. In 1963, an outbreak of dermatitis, ranging from
2620:; this was discovered to be due to the imbibing of
2532:, mercury levels have tripled in many near-surface
4928:
4748:
4387:"Metal Levels Found High in Tributary After Spill"
4374:"Tennessee Ash Flood Larger Than Initial Estimate"
4334:
3783:
3777:
3663:
3621:
3555:
3537:
3483:
3225:
3144:
2166:(excess protein in urine; possible kidney damage)
5746:. World Health Organization. 2015. Archived from
5734:. World Health Organization. 2013. Archived from
5545:
5327:. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. pp. 41–48 .
4983:
4821:"Stockton Residents Fume Over Fallout From Orica"
3711:
3699:
3435:
3309:
3087:
3042:
2962:
119:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
7723:
5663:. National Organization for Rare Disorders. 2015
5303:
5284:
5108:
5052:
4247:
4162:
3861:
3729:
3459:
3333:
3261:
3012:
2950:
2938:
2635:, lead contamination in drinking water has been
1866:
998:
101:, thallium, bismuth, arsenic, antimony and tin.
5383:
5111:Water Quality: Management of a Natural Resource
4880:
3995:
3381:
3036:
2985:
2917:Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill
2216:(pain and pink discoloration of hands and feet)
133:
5744:"Ten Chemicals of Major Public Health Concern"
5574:
5553:Acid Rain Research: Do We Have Enough Answers?
5502:
5440:
4720:Hawkes SJ (1997). "What is a "Heavy Metal"?".
4658:Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments
4318:Environmental Sampling and Analysis Lab Manual
3753:
3741:
3417:
3126:
7315:
6696:
6328:
5786:
5696:
5430:"Patches of Carcinogen Seen After Orica Leak"
4655:
4603:
4504:
3885:
3837:
3681:
3549:
3114:
3102:
2769:, triggering a recall of 12 million glasses.
2666:, is used in the dyeing of fabrics, and as a
2616:were afflicted by a condition referred to as
2008:stores may be another source of the arsenic.
5462:"Did the Mad Hatter have Mercury Poisoning?"
5055:"The untold story of Orica's chemical leaks"
5016:
4677:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
4552:
4397:
3919:Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
3597:
3393:
3237:
2054:retain high lead concentrations. Lead (from
112:
5228:
4612:
4200:Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science
4169:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
3942:Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry
3357:
3345:
2739:Company began discharging cadmium into the
7322:
7308:
6335:
6321:
5793:
5779:
5600:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
5593:
5233:. Apple Academic Press. pp. 129–156.
5196:
4141:
4072:Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology
3901:
3801:
3609:
3501:
3405:
3139:Qureshi, Richards & McBrideBaveye 2003
69:noted for its potential toxicity. Not all
5611:
5485:
5215:
5083:
4941:
4863:
4638:
4586:
4514:
4455:
4298:
4188:
4124:
4069:
4009:
3921:. New Delhi: Avichal Publishing Company.
3765:
3657:
3573:
2745:softening of the bones and kidney failure
2728:99.999% purity cadmium bar and 1 cm cube.
5758:. World Health Organization. 1 June 2020
5405:"How Lead Ended Up In Flint's Tap Water"
5364:
5341:
4929:Mulvihill G, Pritchard J (4 June 2010).
4250:Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
4042:
3916:
3873:
3849:
3370:Pezzarossa, Gorini & Petruzelli 2011
3213:
3001:Pourret, Bollinger & Hursthouse 2021
2834:. These are chemical compounds, such as
2793:
2723:
2654:
2551:
2456:
2362:
1879:
1875:
1867:Essential but potentially toxic elements
36:
7329:
5756:"10 chemicals of public health concern"
5655:. National Capital Poison Center. 2010.
5513:
5459:
5402:
5053:O'Brien N, Aston H (13 November 2011).
4984:Nieboer E, Richardson DH (1980-01-01).
4785:
4197:
4145:Blood Science: Principles and Pathology
3935:
3645:
3513:
3477:
3429:
3273:
3075:
2798:A metal EDTA anion. Pb displaces Ca in
14:
7724:
5532:
5322:
5146:
5065:
5035:
5019:Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis
4970:
4942:Needleman H (2004). "Lead poisoning".
4838:Kaye P, Young H, O'Sullivan I (2002).
4751:Environmental Science & Technology
4719:
4619:Environmental Science & Technology
4485:
4437:
4315:
3789:
3669:
3585:
3561:
3525:
3489:
3150:
3063:
3048:
2968:
2095:
65:is a common but misleading term for a
47:release of 5.4 million cubic yards ash
7303:
6316:
5774:
5427:
4899:
4881:Landis WG, Sofield RM, Yu MH (2000).
4818:
4613:Guney M, Zagury GJ (4 January 2014).
4475:"The 1900 Arsenic Poisoning Epidemic"
4418:
4384:
4371:
4098:
3894:
3717:
3705:
3453:
3441:
3249:
2956:
2944:
2822:, which is passed out of the body in
7266:
5348:Australian National University Press
4956:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103653
4472:
3465:
2488:, it is reported, died of ingesting
2484:The first emperor of unified China,
2441:Ground water contaminated by arsenic
41:A 25-foot (7.6 m) wall of coal
7420: (Core six elements)
7278:
5443:Unravelling environmental disasters
4440:"Heavy Metals"—A Meaningless Term?"
3902:Adal A, Wiener SW (10 March 2023).
3826:National Capital Poison Center 2010
3298:Balasubramanian, He & Wang 2009
24:
6182:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
5653:"Chelation: Therapy or "Therapy"?"
5596:"The short-lived Chinese emperors"
25:
7748:
6052:Agricultural wastewater treatment
5732:"Stop Lead Poisoning in Children"
5068:"Burton's Line in Lead Poisoning"
4163:Brathwaite RL, Rabone SD (1985).
4070:Barceloux DG (1999). "Chromium".
3286:Kaye, Young & O'Sullivan 2002
3202:Finch, Hillyer & Leopold 2015
3166:Harvey, Handley & Taylor 2015
2873:into less toxic or mobile forms.
2192:(inflammation of gums and mouth)
2088:in organisms as they are hard to
7277:
7265:
7254:
7253:
6296:
6295:
5613:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00821.x
5550:. In Erisman JW, Hey GJ (eds.).
5546:Worsztynowicz A, Mill W (1995).
5287:Practical Environmental Analysis
5285:Radojevic M, Bashkin VN (1999).
5250:Journal of Environmental Quality
5109:Perry J, Vanderklein EL (1996).
4241:10.1097/00010694-199611000-00003
4047:Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals
3538:Davidson, Myers & Weiss 2004
6112:Industrial wastewater treatment
6082:Decentralized wastewater system
5640:. American Cancer Society. 2008
5503:Wanklyn JA, Chapman ET (1868).
5441:Vallero DA, Letcher TM (2013).
5409:Chemical & Engineering News
4291:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025
3981:. CRC Press. pp. 475–490.
3979:Heavy Metals in the Environment
2427:), was known in ancient times.
2069:
128:Casarett and Doull’s toxicology
7408:Biological aspects of fluorine
5800:
5714:The United States Pharmacopeia
5594:Zhao HL, Zhu X, Sui Y (2006).
5579:. Cambridge University Press.
5575:Wright DA, Welbourn P (2002).
5384:Srivastava S, Goyal P (2010).
5289:. Royal Society of Chemistry.
5158:"Heavy metal: a misused term?"
5132:. CRC Press. pp. 93–128.
5038:"Digging Deep for Safer Water"
4190:10.1080/03036758.1985.10421713
4117:10.1113/jphysiol.1884.sp000148
3778:Mulvihill & Pritchard 2010
3694:National Research Council 1974
3634:World Health Organization 2013
3025:World Health Organization 2020
2852:
2772:
2580:seen in lead-poisoned people.
13:
1:
7686:Composition of the human body
6132:Rotating biological contactor
5344:Chemistry in the Market Place
4722:Journal of Chemical Education
4526:Journal of Chemical Education
3962:10.1080/02772248.2017.1413652
3382:Landis, Sofield & Yu 2000
3310:Worsztynowicz & Mill 1995
3088:Nieboer & Richardson 1980
2592:from about 500 BC to 300 AD.
2255:Nephropathy (kidney disease)
2201:(nonspecific kidney disorder)
2049:, it was used extensively in
89:, all of which appear in the
5428:Tovey J (17 December 2011).
5021:. Elsevier. pp. 17–28.
5002:10.1016/0143-148X(80)90017-8
4553:Gilbert SG, Weiss B (2006).
4507:Technology Evaluation Report
4398:DiMaio VJ, DiMaio D (2001).
4372:Dewan S (26 December 2008).
3936:Ali H, Khan E (2018-01-02).
3862:Chowdhury & Chandra 1987
3814:American Cancer Society 2008
3334:Radojevic & Bashkin 1999
3262:Perry & Vanderklein 1996
3013:Brathwaite & Rabone 1985
2932:
2907:Bento Rodrigues dam disaster
2737:Mitsui Mining & Smelting
2273:(red blood cell destruction)
134:Major and minor metal toxins
7:
7696:Mineral (Essential element)
5518:. Oxford University Press.
5216:Pritchard J (19 May 2010).
4885:(4th ed.). CRC Press.
4660:. Wiley. pp. 497–532.
4579:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.008
4490:. Oxford University Press.
4404:(2nd ed.). CRC Press.
3037:Srivastava & Goyal 2010
2986:Baldwin & Marshall 1999
2900:
2885:
2650:
2641:pipes that distribute water
2266:Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
1994:illegally distilled alcohol
1968:metal projects; burning of
10:
7753:
7711:Uranium in the environment
7006:Arthropod bites and stings
6625:Nitrogen dioxide poisoning
6197:Wastewater treatment plant
5964:Adsorbable organic halides
5421:10.1021/cen-09407-scitech1
5346:(2nd ed.). Canberra:
5182:10.1007/s11631-021-00468-0
4844:Emergency Medicine Journal
4819:Jones J (11 August 2011).
4444:Pure and Applied Chemistry
4385:Dewan S (1 January 2009).
4020:10.1177/000456329903600301
3754:Vallero & Letcher 2013
3742:Vallero & Letcher 2013
3418:Wanklyn & Chapman 1868
3127:Wright & Welbourn 2002
2912:Heavy metal detoxification
2790:Heavy metal detoxification
2787:
2781:
2719:
2560:paint advertisement, 1912.
2450:
2446:
2358:
2337:
2000:the distilling apparatus.
1295:
1163:
1103:
1043:
1018:
427:
295:
235:
175:
150:
29:
7732:Sets of chemical elements
7678:
7566:Acute beryllium poisoning
7541:
7478:
7416:
7335:
7249:
7221:
7217:
7181:
7125:
7073:
6996:
6912:
6848:
6841:
6800:
6773:
6765:Tricyclic antidepressants
6705:
6687:
6633:
6605:
6575:
6566:
6529:
6511:
6491:
6448:
6400:
6391:
6382:
6364:
6291:
6205:
6032:
5969:Biochemical oxygen demand
5954:
5808:
5533:Wilson D (July 3, 1997).
5478:10.1136/bmj.287.6409.1961
5434:The Sydney Morning Herald
4944:Annual Review of Medicine
4697:10.1007/s11356-015-4349-2
4271:Marine Pollution Bulletin
4148:. John Wiley & Sons.
4142:Blann A, Ahmed N (2014).
4105:The Journal of Physiology
3886:Goyer & Clarkson 1996
3838:Evanko & Dzombak 1997
3682:Haines & Nieboer 1988
3115:Goyer & Clarkson 1996
3103:Goyer & Clarkson 1996
2629:World Health Organization
1948:, brazing and soldering;
113:Controversial terminology
91:World Health Organization
5577:Environmental Toxicology
4488:Nature's Building Blocks
4349:10.1542/peds.113.S3.1023
3730:O'Brien & Aston 2011
3598:Gilbert & Weiss 2006
3502:Zhao, Zhu & Sui 2006
3394:Nielen & Marvin 2008
3238:DiMaio & DiMaio 2001
2777:
7204:List of types of poison
6760:Serotonergic substances
6157:Sewage sludge treatment
6097:Fecal sludge management
6057:API oil–water separator
6024:Wastewater surveillance
5661:"Heavy Metal Poisoning"
5509:. Trüber & Company.
5466:British Medical Journal
4973:Glasgow Medical Journal
4457:10.1351/pac200274050793
3456:, pp. 1–3, 46, 53.
3346:Guney & Zagury 2014
2564:The adverse effects of
2547:
2510:Saint Isaac's Cathedral
2462:Saint Isaac's Cathedral
7578:Chlorine gas poisoning
6492:Other non-toxic metals
6014:Total suspended solids
6009:Total dissolved solids
5974:Chemical oxygen demand
5682:. National Academies.
5149:Bloomberg Businessweek
3802:Blann & Ahmed 2014
3406:Adal & Wiener 2023
2827:
2767:McDonald's Restaurants
2729:
2675:
2561:
2481:
2371:
1888:
58:
27:Category of substances
7551:Argyria (Silver)
7393:Molybdenum in biology
6872:Ichthyoallyeinotoxism
5881:Industrial wastewater
5556:. Elsevier. pp.
5197:Prioreschi P (1998).
5113:. Blackwell Science.
5059:Sydney Morning Herald
4084:10.1081/CLT-100102418
4051:. Springer. pp.
3624:, pp. 3353–3354.
3322:Camobreco et al. 1996
2797:
2788:Further information:
2727:
2658:
2555:
2530:Industrial Revolution
2460:
2366:
2137:often months or years
2128:usually a day or less
1974:open burning of waste
1883:
1876:Contamination sources
40:
32:Heavy Metal Poisoning
18:Heavy metal poisoning
7691:Lithium (medication)
7403:Arsenic biochemistry
7363:Manganese in biology
7353:Potassium in biology
7348:Magnesium in biology
6223:Groundwater recharge
5270:10.2134/jeq2003.2067
4856:10.1136/emj.19.3.268
3192:, p. 2589‒2590.
2536:, especially around
2161:(softening of bones)
7561:Beryllium poisoning
7388:Selenium in biology
7330:Elements in biology
7242:foodborne illnesses
7199:Lists of poisonings
6882:Shellfish poisoning
6590:Aluminium phosphide
6137:Secondary treatment
6122:Membrane bioreactor
6077:Constructed wetland
5876:Infiltration/Inflow
5638:"Chelation Therapy"
5516:The Arsenic Century
5514:Whorton JG (2011).
5460:Waldron HA (1983).
5388:. Springer-Verlag.
5342:Selinger B (1978).
5262:2003JEnvQ..32.2067Q
5174:2021AcGch..40..466P
4763:2015EnST...49.3349H
4734:1997JChEd..74.1374H
4689:2015ESPR...2212276H
4683:(16): 12276–12288.
4631:2014EnST...48.1238G
4571:2006NeuTx..27..693G
4538:2015JChEd..92..849F
4343:(4 Suppl): 1023–9.
4283:2011MarPB..62.2588C
4233:1996SoilS.161..740C
4181:1985JRSNZ..15..363B
3954:2018TxEC..100....6A
3917:Aggrawal A (2014).
3840:, p. 1, 14–40.
3756:, pp. 239–241.
3622:Hillman et al. 2015
3226:Hillman et al. 2015
3076:Ali & Khan 2018
2875:Physical separation
2762:Shrek Forever After
2637:an issue since 2014
2305:Multi-organ effects
2276:Acute renal failure
2233:(brain dysfunction)
2206:(neurotic disorder)
2151:(lung inflammation)
2102:structural proteins
2096:Detrimental effects
1978:lead-acid batteries
73:are toxic and some
7655:Thallium poisoning
7358:Calcium in biology
7194:EPA list of hazard
6976:Alpha-Bungarotoxin
6720:Anticholinesterase
6302:Category: Sewerage
6263:Septic drain field
6228:Infiltration basin
6172:Stabilization pond
6092:Facultative lagoon
5956:Quality indicators
5836:Blackwater (waste)
5816:Acid mine drainage
5403:Torrice M (2016).
5072:European Neurology
5066:Pearce JM (2007).
4786:Houlton S (2014).
4742:10.1021/ed074p1374
4438:Duffus JH (2002).
4401:Forensic Pathology
4212:10.1007/BF02944536
3895:General references
3550:New Scientist 2014
3178:Howell et al. 2012
2867:Toxicity reduction
2828:
2730:
2676:
2660:Potassium chromate
2562:
2502:mad hatter disease
2482:
2372:
2281:Pulmonary fibrosis
2199:Nephrotic syndrome
2004:used in grain and
1962:recycled materials
1918:construction works
1912:used by ships and
1889:
999:Major toxic metals
59:
7719:
7718:
7665:Toxic heavy metal
7650:Selenium toxicity
7635:Mercury poisoning
7603:Fluoride toxicity
7598:Cadmium poisoning
7583:Chromium toxicity
7556:Arsenic poisoning
7398:Iodine in biology
7378:Copper in biology
7373:Cobalt in biology
7343:Sodium in biology
7297:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7177:
7176:
7159:Poisonous animals
6837:
6836:
6802:Vitamin poisoning
6796:
6795:
6683:
6682:
6562:
6561:
6507:
6506:
6310:
6309:
6087:Extended aeration
6034:Treatment options
5984:Oxygen saturation
5831:Blackwater (coal)
5809:Sources and types
5738:on April 3, 2014.
5723:978-0-913595-04-6
5395:978-3-642-11329-1
5357:978-0-7081-0728-7
5085:10.1159/000098100
5036:Notman N (2014).
4771:10.1021/es504934r
4640:10.1021/es4036122
4546:10.1021/ed500647w
4486:Emsley J (2011).
4316:Csuros M (1997).
4277:(12): 2588–2597.
4155:978-1-118-35142-0
3928:978-81-7739-419-1
3420:, pp. 73–78.
2784:Chelation therapy
2622:lead-contaminated
2494:mercury poisoning
2437:arsenic poisoning
2335:
2334:
1914:heavy machineries
1902:vehicle emissions
1898:industrial wastes
1863:
1862:
1589:Mercury (element)
995:
994:
721:Mercury (element)
63:toxic heavy metal
16:(Redirected from
7744:
7630:Lithium toxicity
7588:Cobalt poisoning
7324:
7317:
7310:
7301:
7300:
7281:
7280:
7269:
7268:
7257:
7256:
7230:, which is rare.
7219:
7218:
7154:Venomous animals
6846:
6845:
6703:
6702:
6694:
6693:
6595:Organophosphates
6573:
6572:
6450:Dietary minerals
6398:
6397:
6389:
6388:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6314:
6313:
6299:
6298:
6218:Evaporation pond
6206:Disposal options
6177:Trickling filter
6162:Sewage treatment
6062:Carbon filtering
6042:Activated sludge
5795:
5788:
5781:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5751:
5739:
5727:
5709:
5693:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5656:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5633:
5615:
5590:
5571:
5542:
5529:
5510:
5499:
5489:
5456:
5437:
5424:
5399:
5380:
5361:
5338:
5319:
5300:
5281:
5244:
5225:
5212:
5193:
5152:
5143:
5124:
5105:
5087:
5062:
5049:
5032:
5013:
4980:
4967:
4938:
4925:
4900:Lovei M (1998).
4896:
4877:
4867:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4825:Newcastle Herald
4815:
4813:
4812:
4799:
4782:
4757:(6): 3349–3357.
4745:
4716:
4671:
4652:
4642:
4625:(2): 1238–1246.
4609:
4600:
4590:
4549:
4520:
4518:
4501:
4482:
4469:
4459:
4434:
4419:Dueck D (2000).
4415:
4394:
4381:
4368:
4331:
4312:
4302:
4265:
4244:
4215:
4194:
4192:
4159:
4138:
4128:
4099:Blake J (1884).
4095:
4066:
4050:
4039:
4013:
3992:
3973:
3932:
3913:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3190:Cole et al. 2011
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2989:
2983:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2871:biological means
2848:
2845:
2844:
2832:chelating agents
2821:
2820:
2819:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2757:Associated Press
2526:Minamata disease
2466:Saint Petersburg
2426:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2322:Hypopigmentation
2268:(bleeding)
2211:(metallic taste)
2133:Chronic exposure
2115:
2114:
2077:metal fume fever
2048:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2027:
1982:electronic waste
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1008:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
547:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
447:
440:
433:
422:
415:
406:
399:
392:
385:
378:
371:
364:
357:
350:
343:
336:
329:
322:
315:
308:
301:
292:
285:
276:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
232:
225:
216:
209:
202:
195:
188:
181:
172:
165:
156:
147:
141:
140:
107:chelating agents
49:slurry into the
21:
7752:
7751:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7722:
7721:
7720:
7715:
7701:Oxygen toxicity
7674:
7593:Copper toxicity
7537:
7474:
7412:
7383:Zinc in biology
7368:Iron in biology
7331:
7328:
7298:
7289:
7245:
7231:
7213:
7173:
7121:
7069:
6992:
6908:
6833:
6828:
6792:
6769:
6735:Benzodiazepines
6679:
6665:Carbon monoxide
6653:Ethylene glycol
6629:
6601:
6558:
6525:
6503:
6487:
6444:
6378:
6360:
6341:
6311:
6306:
6287:
6253:Reclaimed water
6201:
6127:Reverse osmosis
6028:
5950:
5916:Reverse osmosis
5841:Boiler blowdown
5804:
5799:
5769:
5761:
5759:
5750:on May 7, 2011.
5724:
5712:
5690:
5666:
5664:
5643:
5641:
5587:
5568:
5526:
5453:
5396:
5377:
5358:
5335:
5316:
5297:
5241:
5209:
5162:Acta Geochimica
5140:
5121:
5042:Chemistry World
5029:
4935:Huffington Post
4914:
4893:
4829:
4827:
4810:
4808:
4792:Chemistry World
4668:
4559:Neurotoxicology
4516:10.1.1.401.3768
4498:
4479:Brewery History
4473:Dyer P (2009).
4431:
4412:
4328:
4227:(11): 740–750.
4156:
4063:
4011:10.1.1.528.7546
3989:
3929:
3897:
3892:
3884:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3610:Prioreschi 1998
3608:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3540:, p. 1025.
3536:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3484:
3476:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3228:, p. 3349.
3224:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2903:
2888:
2855:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2722:
2653:
2633:Flint, Michigan
2627:. In 2013, the
2590:Roman aqueducts
2550:
2455:
2453:Mercury in fish
2449:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2361:
2340:
2328:
2320:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2284:
2283:(lung scarring)
2274:
2269:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2179:
2162:
2157:
2135:
2126:
2098:
2072:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2016:tetraethyl lead
1885:Tetraethyl lead
1878:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1288:
1281:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
545:
536:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
494:
487:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
420:
413:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
290:
283:
274:
267:
260:
253:
246:
239:
230:
223:
214:
207:
200:
193:
186:
179:
170:
163:
154:
145:
136:
115:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7750:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7645:Nickel allergy
7642:
7640:Metal toxicity
7637:
7632:
7627:
7625:Lead poisoning
7622:
7621:
7620:
7613:Iron poisoning
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7558:
7553:
7547:
7545:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7484:
7482:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7464:
7456:
7448:
7440:
7432:
7423:
7421:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7304:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7275:
7263:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7169:Mycotoxicology
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7145:
7144:
7129:
7127:
7126:Related topics
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7083:
7081:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7065:Tick paralysis
7062:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7032:Scorpion venom
7029:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6964:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6919:
6917:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6858:
6856:
6843:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6826:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6806:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6777:
6775:Cardiovascular
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6709:
6700:
6698:Drug overdoses
6691:
6689:Pharmaceutical
6685:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6611:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6581:
6579:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6404:
6395:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6340:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6317:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6278:Surface runoff
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6258:Sanitary sewer
6255:
6250:
6248:Marine outfall
6245:
6243:Marine dumping
6240:
6235:
6233:Injection well
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6213:Combined sewer
6209:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6152:Settling basin
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6047:Aerated lagoon
6044:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5979:Coliform index
5976:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5921:Sanitary sewer
5918:
5913:
5908:
5906:Produced water
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5851:Combined sewer
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5798:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5775:
5768:
5767:
5752:
5740:
5728:
5722:
5710:
5694:
5688:
5673:
5657:
5649:
5634:
5591:
5586:978-0521581516
5585:
5572:
5567:978-0444820389
5566:
5543:
5530:
5524:
5511:
5500:
5472:(6409): 1961.
5457:
5451:
5438:
5425:
5400:
5394:
5381:
5376:978-1566768849
5375:
5362:
5356:
5339:
5333:
5320:
5315:978-1560320906
5314:
5301:
5296:978-0854045945
5295:
5282:
5256:(6): 2067–75.
5245:
5239:
5226:
5213:
5208:978-1888456035
5207:
5199:Roman Medicine
5194:
5168:(3): 466–471.
5153:
5144:
5138:
5125:
5120:978-0865424692
5119:
5106:
5063:
5050:
5033:
5028:978-0080931920
5027:
5014:
4981:
4968:
4939:
4926:
4913:978-0821341575
4912:
4897:
4891:
4878:
4835:
4816:
4800:
4783:
4746:
4717:
4672:
4667:978-0471856436
4666:
4653:
4610:
4608:. McGraw-Hill.
4601:
4565:(5): 693–701.
4550:
4532:(5): 849–854.
4521:
4502:
4496:
4483:
4470:
4450:(5): 793–807.
4435:
4430:978-0415216722
4429:
4416:
4411:978-0849300721
4410:
4395:
4391:New York Times
4382:
4378:New York Times
4369:
4332:
4327:978-1566701785
4326:
4313:
4266:
4245:
4216:
4206:(2): 475–498.
4195:
4175:(4): 363–370.
4160:
4154:
4139:
4096:
4067:
4061:
4040:
4004:(3): 267–300.
3993:
3988:978-1420073164
3987:
3974:
3933:
3927:
3914:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3888:, p. 846.
3878:
3876:, p. 369.
3866:
3854:
3842:
3830:
3818:
3806:
3804:, p. 465.
3794:
3782:
3770:
3766:Pritchard 2010
3758:
3746:
3744:, p. 240.
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3684:, p. 504.
3674:
3662:
3658:Barceloux 1999
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3612:, p. 279.
3602:
3590:
3578:
3574:Needleman 2004
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3528:, p. 326.
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3480:, p. 356.
3470:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3432:, p. 484.
3422:
3410:
3398:
3386:
3384:, p. 269.
3374:
3362:
3360:, p. 144.
3358:Qu et al. 2014
3350:
3338:
3336:, p. 406.
3326:
3314:
3312:, p. 361.
3302:
3300:, p. 476.
3290:
3278:
3266:
3264:, p. 336.
3254:
3242:
3240:, p. 527.
3230:
3218:
3216:, p. 680.
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3129:, p. 288.
3119:
3117:, p. 818.
3107:
3105:, p. 839.
3092:
3080:
3068:
3066:, p. 795.
3053:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3015:, p. 363.
3005:
2990:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2927:Metal toxicity
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2887:
2884:
2863:Immobilization
2854:
2851:
2841:
2816:
2804:
2782:Main article:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2721:
2718:
2681:compounds and
2652:
2649:
2572:described the
2549:
2546:
2468:, Russia. The
2448:
2445:
2421:
2412:
2396:
2387:
2360:
2357:
2353:drinking water
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2326:Hyperkeratosis
2315:
2303:Encephalopathy
2295:
2289:
2288:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2244:Encephalopathy
2238:
2231:Encephalopathy
2228:
2222:
2221:
2187:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2130:
2124:Acute exposure
2121:
2097:
2094:
2071:
2068:
2064:lead poisoning
2060:lead styphnate
2056:lead(II) azide
2042:
2033:
2024:
1877:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1007:
1006:
993:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
803:
796:
789:
782:
775:
767:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
541:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
491:
484:
477:
470:
463:
456:
449:
442:
435:
428:
426:
424:
417:
409:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
359:
352:
345:
338:
331:
324:
317:
310:
303:
296:
294:
287:
279:
278:
271:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
234:
227:
219:
218:
211:
204:
197:
190:
183:
176:
174:
167:
159:
158:
151:
149:
139:
138:
135:
132:
114:
111:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7749:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7706:Soil salinity
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7681:
7677:
7671:
7670:Zinc toxicity
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7660:Tin poisoning
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7619:
7618:Iron overload
7616:
7615:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7608:Halotolerance
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7540:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7415:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7325:
7320:
7318:
7313:
7311:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7286:
7285:
7276:
7274:
7273:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7252:
7251:
7248:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7229:
7225:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7182:Miscellaneous
7180:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7164:Deadly fungus
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7066:
7063:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7037:Charybdotoxin
7035:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6972:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6951:
6948:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6928:Batrachotoxin
6926:
6925:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6916:
6911:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6840:
6830:
6825:Megavitamin-B
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6539:Sulfuric acid
6537:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6447:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6331:
6326:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6303:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Sedimentation
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5936:Sewage sludge
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5861:Cooling water
5859:
5857:
5856:Cooling tower
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5821:Ballast water
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5782:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5708:(2981). 2014.
5707:
5703:
5702:New Scientist
5699:
5695:
5691:
5689:9780309022170
5685:
5681:
5680:
5674:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5606:(8): 1295–6.
5605:
5601:
5597:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5539:Seattle Times
5536:
5531:
5527:
5525:9780199605996
5521:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5458:
5454:
5452:9780123970268
5448:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5397:
5391:
5387:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5334:9789004186309
5330:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5288:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5240:9781771880046
5236:
5232:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5139:9781439826225
5135:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5112:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4898:
4894:
4892:9781439804100
4888:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4497:9780199605637
4493:
4489:
4484:
4481:(130): 65–85.
4480:
4476:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4423:. Routledge.
4422:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4256:(1): 55–113.
4255:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4078:(2): 173–94.
4077:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4062:9789400704275
4058:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3887:
3882:
3875:
3874:Selinger 1978
3870:
3863:
3858:
3852:, p. 12.
3851:
3850:Bánfalvi 2011
3846:
3839:
3834:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3803:
3798:
3791:
3786:
3779:
3774:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3743:
3738:
3731:
3726:
3719:
3714:
3707:
3702:
3696:, p. 68.
3695:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3671:
3666:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3642:
3635:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3611:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3588:, p. 41.
3587:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3551:
3546:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3503:
3498:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3396:, p. 10.
3395:
3390:
3383:
3378:
3372:, p. 94.
3371:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3276:, p. 50.
3275:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3252:, p. 15.
3251:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3214:Aggrawal 2014
3210:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2847:
2833:
2825:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:to exudative
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:Chromium(III)
2673:
2669:
2668:tanning agent
2665:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2596:'s engineer,
2595:
2594:Julius Caesar
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:methylmercury
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:Qin Shi Huang
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2405:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:nucleic acids
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:bioaccumulate
2082:
2078:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:microplastics
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1759:Rutherfordium
1756:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1004:
991:
986:
984:
979:
977:
972:
970:
965:
963:
958:
956:
951:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
930:
928:
923:
921:
916:
914:
909:
907:
902:
900:
895:
893:
891:Rutherfordium
888:
886:
881:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
860:
858:
853:
851:
846:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
825:
823:
818:
816:
811:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
768:
765:
760:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
730:
725:
723:
718:
716:
711:
709:
704:
702:
697:
695:
690:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
634:
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
606:
604:
599:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
578:
576:
571:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
548:
543:
542:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
464:
462:
457:
455:
450:
448:
443:
441:
436:
434:
429:
425:
423:
418:
416:
411:
410:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
386:
381:
379:
374:
372:
367:
365:
360:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
325:
323:
318:
316:
311:
309:
304:
302:
297:
293:
288:
286:
281:
280:
277:
272:
270:
265:
263:
258:
256:
251:
249:
244:
242:
237:
233:
228:
226:
221:
220:
217:
212:
210:
205:
203:
198:
196:
191:
189:
184:
182:
177:
173:
168:
166:
161:
160:
157:
152:
148:
143:
142:
131:
129:
124:
123:heavy metals
120:
110:
108:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
7664:
7480:Deficiencies
7467:
7459:
7451:
7443:
7435:
7427:
7282:
7270:
7258:
7053:Latrodectism
7044:spider venom
6867:Haff disease
6788:Dipyridamole
6730:Barbiturates
6640:
6402:Toxic metals
6283:Vacuum sewer
6167:Sewer mining
6117:Ion exchange
6067:Chlorination
5989:Heavy metals
5946:Urban runoff
5886:Ion exchange
5866:Fecal sludge
5760:. Retrieved
5748:the original
5736:the original
5713:
5705:
5701:
5692:. NAP:13852.
5678:
5665:. Retrieved
5642:. Retrieved
5603:
5599:
5576:
5552:
5538:
5515:
5505:
5469:
5465:
5445:. Elsevier.
5442:
5433:
5415:(7): 26–29.
5412:
5408:
5385:
5366:
5343:
5324:
5305:
5286:
5253:
5249:
5230:
5221:
5198:
5165:
5161:
5148:
5129:
5110:
5078:(2): 118–9.
5075:
5071:
5058:
5045:
5041:
5018:
4993:
4989:
4976:
4972:
4947:
4943:
4934:
4902:
4882:
4850:(3): 268–9.
4847:
4843:
4828:. Retrieved
4824:
4809:. Retrieved
4798:(12): 48–51.
4795:
4791:
4754:
4750:
4728:(11): 1374.
4725:
4721:
4680:
4676:
4657:
4622:
4618:
4605:
4562:
4558:
4529:
4525:
4519:. TE 97-0-1.
4506:
4487:
4478:
4447:
4443:
4420:
4400:
4390:
4377:
4340:
4336:
4317:
4274:
4270:
4253:
4249:
4224:
4221:Soil Science
4220:
4203:
4199:
4172:
4168:
4144:
4111:(1): 36–44.
4108:
4104:
4075:
4071:
4046:
4001:
3997:
3978:
3945:
3941:
3918:
3907:
3881:
3869:
3857:
3845:
3833:
3821:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3677:
3665:
3653:
3646:Torrice 2016
3641:
3629:
3617:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3552:, p. 4.
3545:
3533:
3521:
3514:Waldron 1983
3509:
3497:
3485:
3478:Whorton 2011
3473:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3430:Cameron 1871
3425:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3274:Houlton 2014
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3083:
3071:
3044:
3039:, p. 2.
3032:
3020:
3008:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2896:
2889:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2829:
2760:
2731:
2695:World War II
2687:chromium(VI)
2677:
2563:
2500:(so-called "
2483:
2373:
2341:
2214:Pink Disease
2204:Neurasthenia
2159:Osteomalacia
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2099:
2073:
2070:Entry routes
2013:
2010:
1950:glassworking
1890:
1870:
1801:Darmstadtium
1668:Protactinium
1442:Praseodymium
1002:
933:Darmstadtium
800:Protactinium
574:Praseodymium
127:
122:
116:
103:
75:toxic metals
71:heavy metals
62:
60:
7571:Berylliosis
7284:WikiProject
7097:Fish toxins
7058:Loxoscelism
6971:Snake venom
6943:Physalaemin
6915:vertebrates
6755:Paracetamol
6273:Storm drain
6268:Sewage farm
6192:Vermifilter
6147:Septic tank
6107:Imhoff tank
6004:Temperature
5911:Return flow
5901:Papermaking
5667:11 February
5048:(4): 54–57.
4996:(1): 3–26.
4300:10871/19649
3948:(1): 6–19.
3790:Csuros 1997
3670:Newman 1890
3586:Rogers 2000
3562:Pearce 2007
3526:Emsley 2011
3490:Notman 2014
3151:Wilson 1997
3064:Duffus 2002
3049:Duffus 2002
2969:Poovey 2001
2922:Light metal
2853:Environment
2773:Remediation
2753:Miley Cyrus
2741:Jinzū River
2670:to produce
2618:Devon colic
2582:Dioscorides
2286:Lung cancer
2164:Proteinuria
2155:Lung cancer
2149:Pneumonitis
1932:; dyes and
1922:fertilisers
1843:Livermorium
1815:Copernicium
1808:Roentgenium
1738:Mendelevium
1724:Einsteinium
1717:Californium
975:Livermorium
947:Copernicium
940:Roentgenium
870:Mendelevium
856:Einsteinium
849:Californium
51:Emory River
7737:Toxicology
7726:Categories
7518:Molybdenum
7232:including
7189:Antibiotic
7117:Strychnine
7087:Cinchonism
7049:Latrotoxin
6998:Arthropods
6986:Batroxobin
6897:Neurotoxic
6892:Diarrhetic
6842:Biological
6585:Pesticides
6577:Phosphorus
6513:Metalloids
6238:Irrigation
6102:Filtration
5802:Wastewater
5762:2021-10-09
5644:2014-04-28
4979:: 469–470.
4950:: 209–22.
4830:2014-05-16
4811:2014-05-03
4337:Pediatrics
3718:Jones 2011
3706:Tovey 2011
3454:Dueck 2000
3442:Blake 1884
3250:Lovei 1998
2957:Dewan 2009
2945:Dewan 2008
2879:Extraction
2765:, sold by
2751:exclusive
2664:carcinogen
2602:white lead
2584:, a Greek
2558:white lead
2556:Dutch Boy
2542:Antarctica
2451:See also:
2433:Clare Luce
2313:neuropathy
2308:Arrhythmia
2251:wrist drop
2209:Parageusia
2190:Stomatitis
2090:metabolize
2002:Rat poison
1990:stabilizer
1970:joss paper
1938:renovation
1926:pesticides
1850:Tennessine
1794:Meitnerium
1773:Seaborgium
1752:Lawrencium
1491:Dysprosium
1477:Gadolinium
1456:Promethium
1328:Technetium
1321:Molybdenum
1122:Phosphorus
982:Tennessine
926:Meitnerium
905:Seaborgium
884:Lawrencium
623:Dysprosium
609:Gadolinium
588:Promethium
460:Technetium
453:Molybdenum
254:Phosphorus
7513:Manganese
7508:Potassium
7462:hosphorus
7209:Pollution
7149:Cnidocyte
7102:Lathyrism
7015:Bee venom
7011:Bee sting
6955:Coturnism
6938:Bufotenin
6923:Amphibian
6902:Paralytic
6877:Scombroid
6862:Ciguatera
6820:Vitamin E
6815:Vitamin D
6810:Vitamin A
6531:Nonmetals
6478:Manganese
6410:Beryllium
6384:Inorganic
6346:Poisoning
6072:Clarifier
6019:Turbidity
5871:Greywater
5369:. Lewis.
5222:USA Today
5190:2096-0956
5010:0143-148X
4922:0253-7494
4511:CiteSeerX
4320:. Lewis.
4006:CiteSeerX
3970:0277-2248
3909:eMedicine
3466:Dyer 2009
2933:Citations
2892:essential
2859:Isolation
2707:Newcastle
2598:Vitruvius
2586:physician
2578:paralysis
2534:seawaters
2498:milliners
2472:-mercury
2349:manganese
2271:Hemolysis
2247:Foot drop
2081:acid rain
1960:; use of
1958:roadworks
1906:motor oil
1857:Oganesson
1836:Moscovium
1829:Flerovium
1710:Berkelium
1696:Americium
1689:Plutonium
1682:Neptunium
1519:Ytterbium
1449:Neodymium
1428:Lanthanum
1391:Tellurium
1349:Palladium
1335:Ruthenium
1307:Zirconium
1289:Strontium
1245:Germanium
1196:Manganese
1152:Potassium
1108:Aluminium
1099:Magnesium
1039:Beryllium
989:Oganesson
968:Moscovium
961:Flerovium
842:Berkelium
828:Americium
821:Plutonium
814:Neptunium
651:Ytterbium
581:Neodymium
560:Lanthanum
523:Tellurium
481:Palladium
467:Ruthenium
439:Zirconium
421:Strontium
377:Germanium
328:Manganese
284:Potassium
240:Aluminium
231:Magnesium
171:Beryllium
55:Tennessee
45:from the
7543:Toxicity
7528:Selenium
7488:Chromium
7336:Elements
7260:Category
7112:Mushroom
7092:Ergotism
7077: /
7051: /
7025:Melittin
7013: /
6969: /
6933:Bombesin
6852: /
6829:syndrome
6658:Methanol
6620:Nicotine
6607:Nitrogen
6554:Fluoride
6549:Chlorine
6544:Selenium
6458:Chromium
6435:Thallium
6356:Overdose
6351:Toxicity
5999:Salinity
5891:Leachate
5826:Bathroom
5679:Chromium
5630:31630319
5622:16914004
5278:14674528
5102:41427430
5094:17179719
4964:14746518
4874:11971851
4779:25685905
4713:46589151
4705:25895456
4649:24345102
4597:16889836
4466:46602106
4357:15060195
4309:22001295
4135:16991361
4092:10382554
4036:26671861
4028:10376071
2901:See also
2886:Benefits
2810:to give
2714:Stockton
2699:erythema
2691:chromate
2683:chromium
2651:Chromium
2645:Tasmania
2570:Nicander
2518:Minamata
2476:used to
2404:orpiment
2368:Orpiment
2318:Diabetes
2311:Painful
2301:Diarrhea
2299:Vomiting
2261:Chromium
2237:Vomiting
2185:Vomiting
2177:Diarrhea
2051:gasoline
1954:concrete
1942:dumpster
1934:pigments
1822:Nihonium
1745:Nobelium
1654:Actinium
1640:Francium
1624:Astatine
1617:Polonium
1596:Thallium
1575:Platinum
1547:Tungsten
1540:Tantalum
1526:Lutetium
1470:Europium
1463:Samarium
1384:Antimony
1282:Rubidium
1259:Selenium
1189:Chromium
1182:Vanadium
1175:Titanium
1168:Scandium
1136:Chlorine
1076:Fluorine
1062:Nitrogen
1014:Hydrogen
954:Nihonium
877:Nobelium
786:Actinium
772:Francium
756:Astatine
749:Polonium
728:Thallium
707:Platinum
679:Tungsten
672:Tantalum
658:Lutetium
602:Europium
595:Samarium
516:Antimony
414:Rubidium
391:Selenium
321:Chromium
314:Vanadium
307:Titanium
300:Scandium
268:Chlorine
208:Fluorine
194:Nitrogen
146:Hydrogen
95:chromium
7679:Related
7454:itrogen
7438:ydrogen
7272:Commons
7228:argyria
7137:Stinger
7107:Locoism
6887:Amnesic
6854:Seafood
6783:Digoxin
6750:Opioids
6745:Lithium
6740:Cocaine
6725:Aspirin
6715:Alcohol
6707:Nervous
6675:Toluene
6648:Ethanol
6642:alcohol
6615:Cyanide
6568:Organic
6521:Arsenic
6425:Mercury
6415:Cadmium
6374:History
5926:Septage
5496:6418283
5487:1550196
5258:Bibcode
5170:Bibcode
4865:1725877
4788:"Boom!"
4759:Bibcode
4730:Bibcode
4685:Bibcode
4627:Bibcode
4588:2212280
4567:Bibcode
4534:Bibcode
4365:6597018
4279:Bibcode
4262:3303135
4229:Bibcode
4177:Bibcode
4126:1484879
3950:Bibcode
2749:Walmart
2733:Cadmium
2720:Cadmium
2672:leather
2538:Iceland
2522:Niigata
2506:gilding
2490:mercury
2474:amalgam
2447:Mercury
2379:realgar
2375:Arsenic
2359:Arsenic
2338:History
2293:Arsenic
2253:(palsy)
2172:Mercury
2144:Cadmium
2119:Element
2106:enzymes
1956:works;
1946:welding
1787:Hassium
1780:Bohrium
1766:Dubnium
1731:Fermium
1675:Uranium
1661:Thorium
1610:Bismuth
1568:Iridium
1554:Rhenium
1533:Hafnium
1512:Thulium
1498:Holmium
1484:Terbium
1414:Caesium
1363:Cadmium
1342:Rhodium
1314:Niobium
1300:Yttrium
1273:Krypton
1266:Bromine
1252:Arsenic
1238:Gallium
1159:Calcium
1115:Silicon
1032:Lithium
919:Hassium
912:Bohrium
898:Dubnium
863:Fermium
807:Uranium
793:Thorium
742:Bismuth
700:Iridium
686:Rhenium
665:Hafnium
644:Thulium
630:Holmium
616:Terbium
546:Caesium
495:Cadmium
474:Rhodium
446:Niobium
432:Yttrium
405:Krypton
398:Bromine
384:Arsenic
370:Gallium
291:Calcium
247:Silicon
164:Lithium
83:mercury
79:cadmium
43:fly ash
7523:Sodium
7503:Iodine
7493:Copper
7418:CHONPS
7238:toxins
7234:venoms
7224:Silver
7075:Plants
7020:Apamin
6981:Ancrod
6967:Snakes
6962:Mammal
6913:Other
6670:Oxygen
6499:Silver
6468:Copper
6463:Cobalt
6430:Nickel
6393:Metals
6369:Poison
6300:
5941:Toilet
5931:Sewage
5896:Manure
5720:
5686:
5628:
5620:
5583:
5564:
5558:353–66
5522:
5494:
5484:
5449:
5392:
5373:
5354:
5331:
5312:
5293:
5276:
5237:
5205:
5188:
5136:
5117:
5100:
5092:
5025:
5008:
4962:
4920:
4910:
4889:
4872:
4862:
4777:
4711:
4703:
4664:
4647:
4595:
4585:
4513:
4494:
4464:
4427:
4408:
4363:
4355:
4324:
4307:
4260:
4152:
4133:
4123:
4090:
4059:
4034:
4026:
4008:
3985:
3968:
3925:
2703:eczema
2610:Yunnan
2606:Mongol
2496:among
2429:Strabo
2402:) and
2330:Cancer
2297:Nausea
2241:Anemia
2235:Nausea
2219:Tremor
2195:Nausea
2108:, and
1998:solder
1930:paints
1894:mining
1703:Curium
1647:Radium
1561:Osmium
1505:Erbium
1435:Cerium
1421:Barium
1398:Iodine
1370:Indium
1356:Silver
1224:Copper
1217:Nickel
1210:Cobalt
1129:Sulfur
1092:Sodium
1069:Oxygen
1055:Carbon
1023:Helium
835:Curium
779:Radium
693:Osmium
637:Erbium
567:Cerium
553:Barium
530:Iodine
502:Indium
488:Silver
356:Copper
349:Nickel
342:Cobalt
261:Sulfur
224:Sodium
201:Oxygen
187:Carbon
155:Helium
99:nickel
7470:ulfur
7446:xygen
7430:arbon
7142:plant
7079:Fungi
6950:Birds
5846:Brine
5626:S2CID
5098:S2CID
4709:S2CID
4462:S2CID
4361:S2CID
4055:–28.
4032:S2CID
2824:urine
2778:Human
2710:Orica
2625:cider
2614:Devon
2574:colic
2464:, in
2377:, as
2351:" in
2181:Fever
1910:fuels
1631:Radon
1405:Xenon
1143:Argon
1048:Boron
763:Radon
537:Xenon
275:Argon
180:Boron
67:metal
7533:Zinc
7498:Iron
7135:and
7133:Bite
6850:Fish
6483:Zinc
6473:Iron
6420:Lead
6187:UASB
5718:ISBN
5684:ISBN
5669:2016
5618:PMID
5581:ISBN
5562:ISBN
5520:ISBN
5492:PMID
5447:ISBN
5390:ISBN
5371:ISBN
5352:ISBN
5329:ISBN
5310:ISBN
5291:ISBN
5274:PMID
5235:ISBN
5203:ISBN
5186:ISSN
5134:ISBN
5115:ISBN
5090:PMID
5023:ISBN
5006:ISSN
4960:PMID
4918:ISSN
4908:ISBN
4887:ISBN
4870:PMID
4775:PMID
4701:PMID
4662:ISBN
4645:PMID
4593:PMID
4492:ISBN
4425:ISBN
4406:ISBN
4353:PMID
4322:ISBN
4305:PMID
4258:PMID
4150:ISBN
4131:PMID
4088:PMID
4057:ISBN
4024:PMID
3983:ISBN
3966:ISSN
3923:ISBN
2846:EDTA
2837:CaNa
2662:, a
2576:and
2566:lead
2548:Lead
2540:and
2520:and
2478:gild
2470:gold
2347:and
2345:iron
2226:Lead
2006:mash
1896:and
1603:Lead
1582:Gold
1231:Zinc
1203:Iron
1083:Neon
735:Lead
714:Gold
363:Zinc
335:Iron
215:Neon
117:The
97:and
87:lead
85:and
6634:CHO
6440:Tin
5706:223
5608:doi
5482:PMC
5474:doi
5470:287
5417:doi
5266:doi
5178:doi
5080:doi
4998:doi
4952:doi
4860:PMC
4852:doi
4767:doi
4738:doi
4693:doi
4635:doi
4583:PMC
4575:doi
4542:doi
4452:doi
4345:doi
4341:113
4295:hdl
4287:doi
4237:doi
4225:161
4208:doi
4185:doi
4121:PMC
4113:doi
4080:doi
4016:doi
3958:doi
3946:100
2058:or
2020:(CH
1966:DIY
1377:Tin
509:Tin
7728::
7240:,
7236:,
5994:pH
5704:.
5700:.
5624:.
5616:.
5604:54
5602:.
5598:.
5560:.
5537:.
5490:.
5480:.
5468:.
5464:.
5432:.
5413:94
5411:.
5407:.
5350:.
5272:.
5264:.
5254:32
5252:.
5220:.
5184:.
5176:.
5166:40
5164:.
5160:.
5096:.
5088:.
5076:57
5074:.
5070:.
5057:.
5046:11
5044:.
5040:.
5004:.
4992:.
4988:.
4977:33
4975:.
4958:.
4948:55
4946:.
4933:.
4916:.
4868:.
4858:.
4848:19
4846:.
4842:.
4823:.
4796:11
4794:.
4790:.
4773:.
4765:.
4755:49
4753:.
4736:.
4726:74
4724:.
4707:.
4699:.
4691:.
4681:22
4679:.
4643:.
4633:.
4623:48
4621:.
4617:.
4591:.
4581:.
4573:.
4563:27
4561:.
4557:.
4540:.
4530:92
4528:.
4509:.
4477:.
4460:.
4448:74
4446:.
4442:.
4389:.
4376:.
4359:.
4351:.
4339:.
4303:.
4293:.
4285:.
4275:62
4273:.
4254:11
4252:.
4235:.
4223:.
4204:52
4202:.
4183:.
4173:15
4171:.
4167:.
4129:.
4119:.
4107:.
4103:.
4086:.
4076:37
4074:.
4030:.
4022:.
4014:.
4002:36
4000:.
3964:.
3956:.
3944:.
3940:.
3906:.
3158:^
3095:^
3056:^
2993:^
2976:^
2812:Na
2800:Na
2544:.
2408:As
2383:As
2104:,
2092:.
2066:.
2047:Pb
2029:CH
2018:,
1980:;
1972:;
1964:;
1952:;
1944:;
1936:;
1928:;
1924:;
1920:;
1916:;
1908:;
1904:;
1900:;
81:,
61:A
53:,
7468:S
7460:P
7452:N
7444:O
7436:H
7428:C
7323:e
7316:t
7309:v
7244:.
6827:6
6336:e
6329:t
6322:v
5794:e
5787:t
5780:v
5765:.
5726:.
5671:.
5647:.
5632:.
5610::
5589:.
5570:.
5541:.
5528:.
5498:.
5476::
5455:.
5436:.
5423:.
5419::
5398:.
5379:.
5360:.
5337:.
5318:.
5299:.
5280:.
5268::
5260::
5243:.
5224:.
5211:.
5192:.
5180::
5172::
5151:.
5142:.
5123:.
5104:.
5082::
5061:.
5031:.
5012:.
5000::
4994:1
4966:.
4954::
4937:.
4924:.
4895:.
4876:.
4854::
4833:.
4814:.
4781:.
4769::
4761::
4744:.
4740::
4732::
4715:.
4695::
4687::
4670:.
4651:.
4637::
4629::
4599:.
4577::
4569::
4548:.
4544::
4536::
4500:.
4468:.
4454::
4433:.
4414:.
4393:.
4380:.
4367:.
4347::
4330:.
4311:.
4297::
4289::
4281::
4264:.
4243:.
4239::
4231::
4214:.
4210::
4193:.
4187::
4179::
4158:.
4137:.
4115::
4109:5
4094:.
4082::
4065:.
4053:3
4038:.
4018::
3991:.
3972:.
3960::
3952::
3931:.
3912:.
3864:.
3828:.
3816:.
3792:.
3780:.
3768:.
3732:.
3720:.
3708:.
3672:.
3660:.
3648:.
3636:.
3600:.
3576:.
3564:.
3516:.
3504:.
3492:.
3468:.
3444:.
3408:.
3348:.
3324:.
3288:.
3204:.
3180:.
3168:.
3153:.
3141:.
3090:.
3078:.
3051:.
3027:.
3003:.
2988:.
2971:.
2959:.
2947:.
2842:2
2826:.
2817:2
2805:2
2674:.
2422:3
2417:S
2413:2
2406:(
2397:4
2392:S
2388:4
2381:(
2324:/
2249:/
2043:4
2038:)
2034:2
2025:3
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
