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homogeneous equilibrium state. Instead it becomes increasingly structured and heterogeneous as it fragments into subsystems." This point of view is also supported by the fact of a recent experimental discovery of a stable non-equilibrium steady state in a relatively simple closed system. It should be expected that an isolated system fragmented into subsystems does not necessarily come to thermodynamic equilibrium and remain in non-equilibrium steady state. Entropy will be transmitted from one subsystem to another, but its production will be zero, which does not contradict the
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and the dynamics of the universal operation, attracted the likes of
William Rankine and Hermann von Helmholtz. The three of them were said to have exchanged ideas on this subject. In 1862, Thomson published "On the age of the Sun's heat", an article in which he reiterated his fundamental beliefs in
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The result would inevitably be a state of universal rest and death, if the universe were finite and left to obey existing laws. But it is impossible to conceive a limit to the extent of matter in the universe; and therefore science points rather to an endless progress, through an endless space, of
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goes further: "It has long been known that gravity is important for keeping the universe out of thermal equilibrium. Gravitationally bound systems have negative specific heat—that is, the velocities of their components increase when energy is removed. ... Such a system does not evolve toward a
1405:
wrote that the phrase "entropy of the universe" has no meaning because it admits of no accurate definition. In 2008, Walter Grandy wrote: "It is rather presumptuous to speak of the entropy of a universe about which we still understand so little, and we wonder how one might define thermodynamic
1107:, in which he outlined the rudiments of the second law of thermodynamics summarized by the view that mechanical motion and the energy used to create that motion will naturally tend to dissipate or run down. The ideas in this paper, in relation to their application to the age of the
1590:, the player encounters an alien race known as the Ea who have lost all hope in the future and any desire to live further, all because they have learned of the eventual heat death of the universe and see everything else as pointless due to its probable inevitability.
1435:
A 2010 analysis of entropy states, "The entropy of a general gravitational field is still not known", and "gravitational entropy is difficult to quantify". The analysis considers several possible assumptions that would be needed for estimates and suggests that the
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both credited
Thomson with the idea, along with his paradox, but read further into his papers by publishing views stating that Thomson argued that the universe will end in a "heat death" (Helmholtz), which will be the "end of all physical phenomena" (Rankine).
1615:— the plot is about a virtual sector made to simulate space exploration and the threat of the heat death of the universe. The simulation uses an imitation of Neural Cloud's virus entities known as the Entropics as a stand in for the effects of a heat death.
1544:", the Doctor realizes that the Logopolitans have created vents in the universe to expel heat build-up into other universes—"Charged Vacuum Emboitments" or "CVE"—to delay the demise of the universe. The Doctor unwittingly travelled through such a vent in "
1155:" and then usable work – and therefore revert the clock's direction, resulting in a "rejuvenating universe" – would require "a creative act or an act possessing similar power". Starting from this publication, Kelvin also introduced the
1307:. With only very diffuse matter remaining, activity in the universe will have tailed off dramatically, with extremely low energy levels and extremely long timescales. Speculatively, it is possible that the universe may enter a second
1426:
express their opinion as follows: "Despite the fact that most physicists believe in such a nonequilibrium entropy, it has so far proved impossible to define it in a clearly satisfactory way." In Peter
Landsberg's opinion: "The
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The idea of heat death as a consequence of the laws of thermodynamics, however, was first proposed in loose terms beginning in 1851 by Lord Kelvin (William
Thomson), who theorized further on the mechanical energy loss views of
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misconception is that thermodynamics, and in particular, the concept of entropy, can without further enquiry be applied to the whole universe. ... These questions have a certain fascination, but the answers are speculations."
225:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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The importance of Planck's
Vorlesungen über Thermodynamik (Planck 1897) can hardly be estimated. The book has gone through 11 editions, from 1897 until 1964, and still remains the most authoritative exposition of classical
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Proposals about the final state of the universe depend on the assumptions made about its ultimate fate, and these assumptions have varied considerably over the late 20th century and early 21st century. In a hypothesized
1418:, "there is no universally accepted notion of entropy for systems out of equilibrium, even when in a stationary state". Discussing the question of entropy for non-equilibrium states in general,
959:, the universe will continue expanding forever, and a heat death is expected to occur, with the universe cooling to approach equilibrium at a very low temperature after a long time period.
2312:
Since we have assumed a maximum scale of gravitational binding—for instance, superclusters of galaxies—black hole formation eventually comes to an end in our model, with masses of up to 10
1608:
has several themes grappling with the idea of the heat death of the universe, and the theory that the universe is a cycle of big bangs once the previous one has experienced a heat death.
1089:: "heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect."
1159:(Kelvin's paradox), which challenged the classical concept of an infinitely old universe, since the universe has not achieved its thermodynamic equilibrium, thus further work and
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1022:; hence, by extrapolation, there exists the view that, in time, the mechanical movement of the universe will run down as work is converted to heat because of the second law.
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Werlang, T.; Ribeiro, G. A. P.; Rigolin, Gustavo (2013). "Interplay between quantum phase transitions and the behavior of quantum correlations at finite temperatures".
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The conjecture that all bodies in the universe cool off, eventually becoming too cold to support life, seems to have been first put forward by the French astronomer
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1564:, it is stated that AM, the malevolent supercomputer, will survive the heat death of the universe and continue torturing its immortal victims to eternity.
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1913:"On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam"
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are still possible. The existence of stars and temperature differences can be considered an empirical proof that the universe is not infinitely old.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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2984:"Non-equilibrium steady state in closed system with reversible reactions: Mechanism, kinetics and its possible application for energy conversion"
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concerns the
Photino Birds' efforts to accelerate the heat death of the universe by accelerating the rate at which stars become white dwarves.
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has more entropy than previously thought. This is because the analysis concludes that supermassive black holes are the largest contributor.
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Uffink, Jos (2003). "Irreversibility and the Second Law of
Thermodynamics". In Greven, Andreas; Warnecke, Gerald; Keller, Gerhard (eds.).
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writes of "the entirely unjustifiable assumption that the universe can be treated as a closed thermodynamic system". According to
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Lemishko, Sergey S.; Lemishko, Alexander S. (2017). "Cu2+/Cu+ Redox
Battery Utilizing Low-Potential External Heat for Recharge".
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entropy for a universe and its major constituents that have never been in equilibrium in their entire existence." According to
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of galaxies. Even these would evaporate over a timescale of up to 10 years. After that time, the universe enters the so-called
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2216:(15 January 1976). "Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole".
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is already too cold. The final state, in this view, is described as one of "equilibrium" in which all motion ceases.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Chinese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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2808:(2003). "The Entropy of Classical Thermodynamic". In Greven, Andreas; Warnecke, Gerald; Keller, Gerhard (eds.).
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for millennia in order to harvest their energy to combat entropy and stave off the heat death of the universe.
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is evenly distributed. In other words, according to this hypothesis, there is a tendency in nature towards the
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Carroll, Sean M.; Chen, Jennifer (October 2004). "Spontaneous
Inflation and Origin of the Arrow of Time".
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Linde, Andrei (2007). "Sinks in the landscape, Boltzmann brains and the cosmological constant problem".
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The idea of the heat death of the universe derives from discussion of the application of the first two
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Egan, Chas A.; Lineweaver, Charles H. (2010). "A Larger Estimate of the Entropy of the Universe".
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1323:. It is also possible that entropy production will cease and the universe will reach heat death.
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The clock's example shows how Kelvin was unsure whether the universe would eventually achieve
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Xiu-San Xing (1 November 2007). "Spontaneous entropy decrease and its statistical formula".
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Poincaré, Henri (1890). "Sur le problème des trois corps et les équations de la dynamique".
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in 1777 in his writings on the history of astronomy and in the ensuing correspondence with
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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it to larger processes on a universal scale. This also allowed Kelvin to formulate the
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This article is about the entropic exhaustion of the universe. For other uses, see
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1942:"On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy"
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2088:(12 November 2002). "Disturbing Implications of a Cosmological Constant".
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On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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In Singularity Immemorial — the 7th main story event of a mobile game
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2679:. Translated by Ogg, Alexander. London: Longmans, Green. p. 101.
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1345:. Through this, another universe could possibly be created by random
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1149:. Thompson later speculated that restoring the dissipated energy in "
1061:(1850). Thomson's views were then elaborated over the next decade by
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in the universe are predicted to continue to grow up to perhaps 10
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outlined the view, as based on recent experiments on the dynamical
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1994:"Literature and Science in the Nineteenth Century: An Anthology"
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that continues expanding indefinitely, either a heat death or a
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In the years to follow both Thomson's 1852 and the 1862 papers,
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It is suggested that, over vast periods of time, a spontaneous
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reveals he is a member of an alien race who has been creating
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The heat death of the universe became a running gag on the
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1797:. Viking Adult (published 16 October 2008). p. 259.
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in the universe are thought to have been concentrated in
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long timescale. However, if the cosmological constant is
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2837:(First ed.). Interscience Publishers. p. 391.
1719: – Measure of temperature relative to absolute zero
1707: – Scientific projections regarding the far future
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Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin
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and is expected to consist chiefly of a dilute gas of
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Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
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Thermodynamics with Quantum Statistical Illustrations
2693:
Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems
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A History of Modern Planetary Physics: Nebulous Earth
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The hypothesis of heat death stems from the ideas of
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Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
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Lemishko, Sergey S.; Lemishko, Alexander S. (2020).
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originated the idea of universal heat death in 1852.
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1853:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p.
1701: – Science-fiction short story by Isaac Asimov
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1276:) because of Hawking radiation is in the order of
2643:Entropy (Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics)
1968:
1037:and are now at some particular stage of cooling.
33:"Big Freeze" redirects here. For other uses, see
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4516:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
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1713: – Comparison of a wide range of timescales
1484:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2916:(2014). "Time, laws, and future of cosmology".
1081:to universal processes. Specifically, in 1851,
4414:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
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2551:Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
1918:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1685:Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death
986:, which disproves an infinitely old universe.
243:accompanying your translation by providing an
209:Click for important translation instructions.
196:expand this article with text translated from
3419:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
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3246:
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1962:
1946:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
974:loss in nature (as embodied in the first two
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2963:(6) (published 30 January 2017): 3234–3240.
2800:
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2004:
1693: – Paradox relating to fate of universe
1646: – Model for the origin of the universe
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3467:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
2868:(2) (published 3 February 2010): 1825–34 .
2645:. Princeton University Press. p. 129.
2612:
2046:
1891:. Cambridge University Press. p. 500.
924:. Heat death does not imply any particular
74:Learn how and when to remove these messages
21:Heat Death of the Universe (disambiguation)
3570:Climate change and civilizational collapse
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3239:
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2752:. Cambridge University Press. p. 97.
1664: – History and future of the universe
1634: – Concept in physics of one-way time
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2475:International Journal of Modern Physics B
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1764:Books for Young Readers. pp. 40–41.
1515:Learn how and when to remove this message
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
4573:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
4511:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
2750:The Concepts of Classical Thermodynamics
2744:
2696:. Oxford University Press. p. 151.
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1202:is expected to eventually occur. If the
1189:Entropy (arrow of time) § Cosmology
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1033:. In Bailly's view, all planets have an
2778:Statistical Mechanics: A Short Treatise
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1822:
1129:action involving the transformation of
26:For heat related illness or death, see
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1969:Harold I. Sharlin (13 December 2019).
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994:The idea of heat death stems from the
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2996:(published 8 February 2020): 100031.
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1823:Thomson, Sir William (5 March 1862).
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1112:the indestructibility of energy (the
3590:Tipping points in the climate system
2253:Frautschi, Steven (13 August 1982).
2212:
2205:
1991:
1755:
1456:
1319:, the vacuum may decay into a lower-
1311:epoch, or assuming that the current
1206:is zero, the universe will approach
936:, this is when the universe reaches
178:
142:
80:
39:
3585:Extinction risk from climate change
3484:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
2956:The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
2211:See in particular equation (27) in
1778:
1527:In Isaac Asimov's 1956 short story
1240:The theory suggests that from the "
13:
4545:List of fictional doomsday devices
3219:Graphical timeline of the Big Bang
2833:Landsberg, Peter Theodore (1961).
2417:(May 2003). "Parallel Universes".
2255:"Entropy in an Expanding Universe"
1554:I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
1272:of roughly 1 galaxy mass (10
608:2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF")
14:
4823:
3565:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
2451:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40
2393:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40
1397:
1387:{\displaystyle 10^{10^{10^{56}}}}
1178:
823:Timeline of cosmological theories
588:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
55:This article has multiple issues.
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4681:
4680:
4668:
3826:Decline in amphibian populations
3212:
1957:Mathematical and Physical Papers
1929:Mathematical and Physical Papers
1746:. Accessed online July 17, 2008.
1461:
847:
836:
835:
183:
147:
85:
44:
4177:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
3674:Land surface effects on climate
3647:Human impact on the environment
3278:Future of an expanding universe
3010:
2975:
2946:
2906:
2851:
2826:
2794:
2766:
2738:
2710:
2683:
2663:
2634:
2606:
2541:
2520:
2465:
2407:
2349:
2330:
2246:
2070:
2059:from the original on 2023-11-16
2047:Consolmagno, Guy (2008-05-08).
2040:
2022:
1985:
1971:"William Thomson, Baron Kelvin"
1955:, Oct. 1852. This version from
1931:, vol. i, art. XLVIII, pp. 174.
1833:. Vol. 5. pp. 388–93.
1333:would eventually occur via the
1236:Future of an expanding universe
603:Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
456:Future of an expanding universe
63:or discuss these issues on the
2690:Grandy, Walter T. Jr. (2008).
2359:(2003). "Parallel Universes".
2091:Journal of High Energy Physics
2000:. Vol. 1. pp. 60–67.
1934:
1911:Thomson, Sir William. (1851).
1905:
1837:
1825:"On the Age of the Sun's Heat"
1749:
1729:
1613:Girls' Frontline: Neural Cloud
1602:The 2019 hit indie video game
818:History of the Big Bang theory
614:Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
253:You may also add the template
1:
4802:Ultimate fate of the universe
4123:Interpretations of Revelation
3925:Cosmological phase transition
3831:Decline in insect populations
3283:Ultimate fate of the universe
2592:10.1088/1475-7516/2007/01/022
2122:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/10/011
1940:Thomson, Sir William (1852).
1723:
916:will evolve to a state of no
910:ultimate fate of the universe
810:Discovery of cosmic microwave
461:Ultimate fate of the universe
16:Possible fate of the universe
4578:Future of Humanity Institute
3975:Potentially hazardous object
3875:Interplanetary contamination
3003:10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100031
2892:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1825
2284:10.1126/science.217.4560.593
1593:The overarching plot of the
1587:Final Fantasy XIV: Endwalker
1562:short story of the same name
1447:second law of thermodynamics
996:second law of thermodynamics
966:who, in the 1850s, took the
7:
4458:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
3607:Global terrestrial stilling
1959:, vol. i, art. 59, pp. 511.
1736:WMAP – Fate of the Universe
1625:
1335:Poincaré recurrence theorem
1244:" through the present day,
1103:In 1852, Thomson published
1014:(energy transformation) of
1006:approach a state where all
578:Black Hole Initiative (BHI)
111:the claims made and adding
35:Big Freeze (disambiguation)
10:
4828:
3970:Asteroid impact prediction
3945:Heat death of the universe
3355:Mutual assured destruction
3180:Heat death of the universe
3076:Chronology of the universe
2722:Generalized Thermodynamics
2676:Treatise on Thermodynamics
1927:, 1852. This version from
1711:Orders of magnitude (time)
1705:Timeline of the far future
1662:Chronology of the universe
1658: – Cosmological model
1551:In the 1995 computer game
1233:
1182:
1072:
894:heat death of the universe
341:Chronology of the universe
217:Machine translation, like
32:
25:
18:
4662:
4596:
4588:Nuclear Threat Initiative
4565:
4521:List of apocalyptic films
4498:
4364:2011 end times prediction
4356:
4096:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
4091:Abomination of desolation
4027:
3965:Asteroid impact avoidance
3902:
3813:
3795:List of extinction events
3770:
3763:
3729:
3637:Environmental degradation
3533:
3524:
3439:
3424:Technological singularity
3293:
3268:
3262:Global catastrophic risks
3208:
3170:
3074:
2861:The Astrophysical Journal
2780:. Springer. p. 290.
2724:. MIT Press. p. 41.
2506:10.1142/S021797921345032X
2191:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337
2160:Reviews of Modern Physics
1973:. Encyclopædia Britannica
1924:Philosophical Magazine IV
1756:Dyer, Alan (2007-07-24).
1717:Thermodynamic temperature
1570:Puella Magi Madoka Magica
1567:In the 2011 anime series
1266:thermodynamic equilibrium
1230:Time frame for heat death
1196:"open" or "flat" universe
1147:thermodynamic equilibrium
938:thermodynamic equilibrium
918:thermodynamic free energy
434:Expansion of the universe
198:the corresponding article
156:This article needs to be
4583:Future of Life Institute
4485:Resurrection of the dead
4478:Post-tribulation rapture
3860:Colony collapse disorder
3136:Big Bang nucleosynthesis
3068:Timeline of the Big Bang
2969:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12317
1949:for 19 April 1852, also
1470:This section includes a
1185:Entropy § Cosmology
598:Planck space observatory
384:Gravitational wave (GWB)
3409:Artificial intelligence
3094:Grand unification epoch
2240:10.1103/PhysRevD.13.198
2049:"Heaven or Heat Death?"
2017:Oxford University Press
2015:Thompson and Clausius,
1674:Entropy (arrow of time)
1640: – Physical theory
1499:more precise citations.
1291:during the collapse of
1270:supermassive black hole
451:Inhomogeneous cosmology
264:For more guidance, see
4538:List of disaster films
4379:Apocalyptic literature
3479:Malthusian catastrophe
3405:Synthetic intelligence
3018:"PNC Story - IOP Wiki"
2012:Laws of Thermodynamics
1952:Philosophical Magazine
1388:
1143:
1100:
1079:laws of thermodynamics
976:laws of thermodynamics
4807:Thermodynamic entropy
3920:Coronal mass ejection
3382:Electromagnetic pulse
3343:Kinetic energy weapon
1794:Death from the Skies!
1389:
1204:cosmological constant
1126:
1120:), and exhaustion of
1095:
1063:Hermann von Helmholtz
957:cosmological constant
932:. In the language of
912:, which suggests the
542:Large-scale structure
520:Shape of the universe
266:Knowledge:Translation
237:copyright attribution
4322:War of Gog and Magog
3999:Near-Earth supernova
3749:Human overpopulation
3553:Mass mortality event
3447:Anthropogenic hazard
3172:Fate of the universe
2989:Results in Chemistry
2774:Gallavotti, Giovanni
2030:"Physics Chronology"
1992:Otis, Laura (2002).
1830:Macmillan's Magazine
1762:Simon & Schuster
1357:
1347:quantum fluctuations
1339:thermal fluctuations
1222:in which no further
926:absolute temperature
854:Astronomy portal
812:background radiation
789:List of cosmologists
255:{{Translated|zh|热寂}}
4394:Blood moon prophecy
4187:Number of the Beast
3785:Holocene extinction
3731:Earth Overshoot Day
3679:Ocean acidification
3642:Habitat destruction
3632:Ecological collapse
3338:Kinetic bombardment
3273:Future of the Earth
2932:2014PhT....67c..38S
2884:2010ApJ...710.1825E
2630:2004hep.th...10270C
2574:2007JCAP...01..022L
2498:2013IJMPB..2745032W
2443:2003SciAm.288e..40T
2420:Scientific American
2385:2003SciAm.288e..40T
2362:Scientific American
2276:1982Sci...217..593F
2232:1976PhRvD..13..198P
2183:1997RvMP...69..337A
2114:2002JHEP...10..011D
1680:Fluctuation theorem
1584:In the last act of
1438:observable universe
1416:Giovanni Gallavotti
1412:Hans Adolf Buchdahl
1343:fluctuation theorem
1210:temperature over a
1027:Jean Sylvain Bailly
990:Origins of the idea
947:of the universe is
896:(also known as the
554:Structure formation
446:Friedmann equations
336:Age of the universe
300:Part of a series on
4709:Doomsday scenarios
4275:Beast of the Earth
4167:Book of Revelation
3955:Virtual black hole
3935:False vacuum decay
3885:Pollinator decline
3848:Biological warfare
3838:Biotechnology risk
3689:Resource depletion
3103:Inflationary epoch
1921:, March 1851, and
1691:Heat death paradox
1472:list of references
1453:In popular culture
1384:
1351:quantum tunnelling
1161:entropy production
1157:heat death paradox
1101:
984:heat death paradox
949:hyperbolic or flat
593:Dark Energy Survey
537:Large quasar group
306:Physical cosmology
245:interlanguage link
96:possibly contains
4719:
4718:
4550:Zombie apocalypse
4451:Postmillennialism
4246:Great Tribulation
4019:Stellar collision
3980:Near-Earth object
3930:Geomagnetic storm
3898:
3897:
3821:Biodiversity loss
3805:Genetic pollution
3759:
3758:
3548:Biodiversity loss
3511:Societal collapse
3489:Nuclear holocaust
3474:Economic collapse
3457:Doomsday argument
3375:Antimatter weapon
3228:
3227:
3140:Matter domination
3099:Electroweak epoch
2940:10.1063/pt.3.2310
2844:978-0-470-51381-1
2819:978-0-691-11338-8
2787:978-3-540-64883-3
2759:978-0-521-11519-3
2731:978-0-262-20010-3
2703:978-0-19-954617-6
2652:978-0-691-11338-8
2482:(1n03): 1345032.
2219:Physical Review D
2155:Laughlin, Gregory
2086:Susskind, Leonard
1898:978-0-521-26173-9
1864:978-0-521-44171-1
1845:Brush, Stephen G.
1804:978-0-670-01997-7
1771:978-1-4169-3860-6
1698:The Last Question
1573:, the antagonist
1530:The Last Question
1525:
1524:
1517:
1016:mechanical energy
972:mechanical energy
890:
889:
561:
560:
403:
402:
295:
294:
287:
277:
276:
210:
206:
177:
176:
141:
140:
133:
98:original research
78:
4819:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4727:
4684:
4683:
4675:World portal
4673:
4672:
4634:Financial crisis
4463:Nibiru cataclysm
4441:Premillennialism
4285:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
4253:Son of perdition
4241:Olivet Discourse
4217:Whore of Babylon
3843:Biological agent
3790:Human extinction
3780:Extinction event
3768:
3767:
3739:Overexploitation
3669:Land consumption
3664:Land degradation
3531:
3530:
3393:Micro black hole
3301:Chemical warfare
3255:
3248:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3216:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2877:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2802:Lieb, Elliott H.
2798:
2792:
2791:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2622:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2585:
2567:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2491:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2436:
2434:astro-ph/0302131
2411:
2405:
2404:
2378:
2376:astro-ph/0302131
2353:
2347:
2346:
2339:Acta Mathematica
2334:
2328:
2327:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2176:
2174:astro-ph/9701131
2147:
2134:
2133:
2107:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2032:. Archived from
2026:
2020:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1966:
1960:
1938:
1932:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1883:Smith, Crosbie;
1880:
1869:
1868:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1820:
1809:
1808:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1753:
1747:
1733:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1495:this section by
1486:inline citations
1465:
1464:
1457:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1131:potential energy
1122:potential energy
882:
875:
868:
852:
851:
850:
839:
838:
532:Galaxy formation
492:Lambda-CDM model
481:
480:
473:Components
355:
354:
316:
297:
296:
290:
283:
256:
250:
223:Google Translate
208:
204:
187:
186:
179:
172:
169:
163:
151:
150:
143:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
113:inline citations
89:
88:
81:
70:
48:
47:
40:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4812:1851 in science
4792:
4791:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4768:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4722:
4720:
4715:
4694:Future problems
4667:
4658:
4592:
4561:
4528:Climate fiction
4494:
4369:2012 phenomenon
4352:
4258:Sheep and Goats
4145:2 Thessalonians
4023:
3940:Gamma-ray burst
3894:
3809:
3800:Genetic erosion
3755:
3725:
3716:Water pollution
3684:Ozone depletion
3580:Desertification
3520:
3435:
3370:Doomsday device
3350:Nuclear warfare
3289:
3264:
3259:
3229:
3224:
3204:
3166:
3155:Habitable epoch
3070:
3065:
3035:
3026:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3011:
2980:
2976:
2951:
2947:
2911:
2907:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2806:Yngvason, Jakob
2799:
2795:
2788:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2746:Buchdahl, H. A.
2743:
2739:
2732:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2688:
2684:
2668:
2664:
2658:thermodynamics.
2653:
2639:
2635:
2611:
2607:
2583:10.1.1.266.8334
2546:
2542:
2525:
2521:
2470:
2466:
2412:
2408:
2369:(2003): 40–51.
2354:
2350:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2270:(4560): 593–9.
2257:
2251:
2247:
2210:
2206:
2148:
2137:
2082:Kleban, Matthew
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2041:
2036:on 22 May 2011.
2028:
2027:
2023:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1963:
1939:
1935:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1885:Wise, M. Norton
1881:
1872:
1865:
1842:
1838:
1821:
1812:
1805:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1758:Insiders: Space
1754:
1750:
1740:WMAP's Universe
1734:
1730:
1726:
1628:
1596:Xeelee Sequence
1557:, based on the
1521:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1490:
1476:related reading
1466:
1462:
1455:
1420:Elliott H. Lieb
1400:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1290:
1287:
1262:galaxy clusters
1238:
1232:
1191:
1181:
1137:and hence into
1135:palpable motion
1075:
1067:William Rankine
1059:Rudolf Clausius
1000:isolated system
992:
886:
848:
846:
828:
827:
814:
811:
804:
802:Subject history
794:
793:
785:
630:
622:
621:
618:
615:
573:
563:
562:
525:Galaxy filament
478:
466:
465:
417:
412:Expansion
405:
404:
389:Microwave (CMB)
368:Nucleosynthesis
352:
291:
280:
279:
278:
273:
272:
271:
254:
248:
211:
188:
184:
173:
167:
164:
161:
152:
148:
137:
126:
120:
117:
102:
90:
86:
49:
45:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4825:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4789:
4788:
4776:
4764:
4752:
4740:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4689:Apocalypticism
4678:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4533:Disaster films
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4508:
4506:Alien invasion
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4446:Amillennialism
4443:
4433:
4431:Millenarianism
4428:
4427:
4426:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4384:Apocalypticism
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4280:Dhu al-Qarnayn
4277:
4272:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:Great Apostasy
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4071:Last Judgement
4068:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4033:
4031:
4029:Eschatological
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3744:Overpopulation
3741:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3721:Water scarcity
3718:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3694:Sea level rise
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3657:on marine life
3654:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Global warming
3609:
3604:
3602:Global dimming
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:Cascade effect
3557:
3556:
3555:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3535:Climate change
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:Doomsday Clock
3362:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3316:Cyberterrorism
3313:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3041:
3034:
3033:
3009:
2974:
2945:
2905:
2850:
2843:
2825:
2818:
2793:
2786:
2765:
2758:
2737:
2730:
2709:
2702:
2682:
2662:
2651:
2633:
2620:hep-th/0410270
2605:
2565:hep-th/0611043
2540:
2519:
2464:
2406:
2348:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2245:
2226:(2): 198–206.
2204:
2151:Adams, Fred C.
2135:
2105:hep-th/0208013
2069:
2053:Thinking Faith
2039:
2021:
2003:
1984:
1961:
1933:
1904:
1897:
1870:
1863:
1836:
1810:
1803:
1777:
1770:
1748:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1627:
1624:
1559:Harlan Ellison
1523:
1522:
1480:external links
1469:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1424:Jakob Yngvason
1399:
1398:Opposing views
1396:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1288:
1285:
1234:Main article:
1231:
1228:
1180:
1179:Current status
1177:
1087:theory of heat
1074:
1071:
1020:thermal energy
1018:(motion) into
1004:asymptotically
991:
988:
968:theory of heat
955:is a positive
888:
887:
885:
884:
877:
870:
862:
859:
858:
857:
856:
844:
830:
829:
826:
825:
820:
815:
808:
805:
800:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
784:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
612:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
569:
568:
565:
564:
559:
558:
557:
556:
544:
539:
534:
522:
514:
513:
509:
508:
507:
506:
494:
486:
485:
479:
472:
471:
468:
467:
464:
463:
458:
453:
448:
436:
431:
418:
411:
410:
407:
406:
401:
400:
399:
398:
396:Neutrino (CNB)
386:
378:
377:
373:
372:
371:
370:
353:
351:Early universe
350:
349:
346:
345:
344:
343:
338:
333:
318:
317:
309:
308:
302:
301:
293:
292:
275:
274:
270:
269:
262:
251:
229:
226:
215:
212:
193:
192:
191:
189:
182:
175:
174:
155:
153:
146:
139:
138:
121:September 2020
93:
91:
84:
79:
53:
52:
50:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4824:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Risk analysis
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Social crisis
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:Organizations
4564:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4490:World to come
4488:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4436:Millennialism
4434:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4424:Messianic Age
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:Gog and Magog
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:Earth Changes
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:New Jerusalem
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:War in Heaven
4210:
4208:
4207:Two witnesses
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4076:Second Coming
4074:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3575:Deforestation
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3516:World War III
3514:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3431:Transhumanism
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:Technological
3292:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3144:Recombination
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2926:(3): 38–43 .
2925:
2921:
2920:
2919:Physics Today
2915:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2718:Tisza, László
2713:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2167:(2): 337–72.
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1789:Plait, Philip
1784:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:Arrow of time
1630:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1579:magical girls
1576:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1519:
1516:
1508:
1505:November 2023
1498:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1395:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:superclusters
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1227:
1226:is possible.
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:absolute zero
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:internal heat
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
845:
843:
834:
833:
832:
831:
824:
821:
819:
816:
813:
807:
806:
803:
798:
797:
790:
787:
786:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
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205:(August 2021)
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194:You can help
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4786:Solar System
4666:
4609:Cyberwarfare
4327:Third Temple
4182:Lake of fire
3992:Rogue planet
3960:Impact event
3950:Proton decay
3944:
3903:Astronomical
3853:Bioterrorism
3699:Supervolcano
3597:Flood basalt
3543:Anoxic event
3452:Collapsology
3440:Sociological
3311:Cyberwarfare
3217:
3179:
3162:Reionization
3132:Photon epoch
3127:Lepton epoch
3122:Hadron epoch
3111:Baryogenesis
3089:Planck epoch
3025:. Retrieved
3021:
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2427:(5): 40–51.
2424:
2418:
2415:Tegmark, Max
2409:
2366:
2360:
2357:Tegmark, Max
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2061:. Retrieved
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2034:the original
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1915:Excerpts. ,
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1668:Cyclic model
1622:livestream.
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1537:
1536:In the 1981
1535:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1502:
1491:Please help
1483:
1434:
1428:
1408:László Tisza
1401:
1330:
1325:
1321:energy state
1317:false vacuum
1313:vacuum state
1309:inflationary
1274:solar masses
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550:
547:Reionization
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422:Hubble's law
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241:edit summary
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57:Please help
54:
28:Hyperthermia
4774:Outer space
4762:Spaceflight
4685:Categories
4654:Survivalism
4341:Zoroastrian
4197:Seven seals
4192:Seven bowls
4118:Historicism
4014:Solar flare
3890:Overfishing
3865:Defaunation
3652:coral reefs
3414:AI takeover
3333:Nanoweapons
3321:Cybergeddon
3306:Cyberattack
3117:Quark epoch
3022:iopwiki.com
2914:Smolin, Lee
2671:Planck, Max
2098:(10): 011.
2078:Dyson, Lisa
1605:Outer Wilds
1546:Full Circle
1497:introducing
1353:in roughly
1282:black holes
1250:dark matter
1097:Lord Kelvin
1083:Lord Kelvin
1057:(1843) and
1055:James Joule
1051:Sadi Carnot
1012:dissipation
964:Lord Kelvin
953:dark energy
571:Experiments
504:Dark matter
497:Dark energy
439:FLRW metric
376:Backgrounds
168:August 2021
4796:Categories
4614:Depression
4604:Ransomware
4419:Messianism
4389:Armageddon
4374:Apocalypse
4162:Antichrist
4150:Man of sin
4047:Three Ages
3910:Big Crunch
3772:Extinction
3764:Biological
3526:Ecological
3398:Strangelet
3195:Big Bounce
3190:Big Crunch
3027:2024-09-11
2558:(1): 022.
2345:: A3–A270.
2063:2008-10-06
1998:OUP Oxford
1977:24 January
1724:References
1650:Big Crunch
1644:Big Bounce
1538:Doctor Who
1442:Lee Smolin
1403:Max Planck
1183:See also:
906:hypothesis
902:Big Freeze
651:Copernicus
629:Scientists
484:Components
200:in Chinese
105:improve it
60:improve it
4738:Astronomy
4499:Fictional
4346:Saoshyant
4231:New Earth
4202:The Beast
4135:Preterism
4108:Christian
4064:Kali Yuga
4009:Micronova
4004:Hypernova
3870:Dysgenics
3711:Verneshot
3617:Hypercane
3360:Dead Hand
3200:Big Slurp
3150:Dark ages
3107:Reheating
2875:0909.3983
2578:CiteSeerX
2534:0710.4624
2514:119264198
2489:1205.1046
1620:ai_sponge
1542:Logopolis
1168:Helmholtz
1114:first law
945:curvature
898:Big Chill
781:Zeldovich
681:Friedmann
656:de Sitter
583:BOOMERanG
512:Structure
477:Structure
361:Inflation
259:talk page
109:verifying
66:talk page
4639:Pandemic
4624:Epidemic
4619:Droughts
4473:Prewrath
4404:End time
4270:Al-Qa'im
4155:Katechon
4140:2 Esdras
4130:Idealism
4113:Futurism
4042:Maitreya
4037:Buddhist
3880:Pandemic
3328:Gray goo
3084:Big Bang
2776:(1999).
2748:(1966).
2720:(1966).
2673:(1903).
2600:16984680
2459:12701329
2401:12701329
2324:☉
2317:☉
2308:27717447
2300:17817517
2199:12173790
2057:Archived
1887:(1989).
1847:(1996).
1791:(2008).
1638:Big Bang
1626:See also
1331:decrease
1297:Dark Era
1289:☉
1258:galaxies
1242:Big Bang
1216:positive
1152:vis viva
1053:(1824),
1031:Voltaire
951:, or if
914:universe
842:Category
761:Suntzeff
721:Lemaître
671:Einstein
636:Aaronson
429:Redshift
331:Universe
324:Big Bang
235:provide
4724:Portals
4699:Hazards
4597:General
4468:Rapture
4317:Messiah
4305:Sufyani
4295:Israfil
4265:Islamic
4103:Messiah
4081:1 Enoch
3915:Big Rip
3627:Ecocide
3622:Ice age
3185:Big Rip
2928:Bibcode
2900:1274173
2880:Bibcode
2810:Entropy
2626:Bibcode
2570:Bibcode
2494:Bibcode
2439:Bibcode
2381:Bibcode
2292:1688892
2272:Bibcode
2263:Science
2228:Bibcode
2179:Bibcode
2130:2344440
2110:Bibcode
2019:, 2015.
1656:Big Rip
1540:story "
1493:improve
1394:years.
1328:entropy
1305:leptons
1301:photons
1220:entropy
1200:Big Rip
1172:Rankine
1073:History
1039:Jupiter
943:If the
934:physics
922:entropy
908:on the
904:) is a
766:Sunyaev
751:Schmidt
741:Penzias
736:Penrose
711:Huygens
701:Hawking
686:Galileo
257:to the
239:in the
202:.
158:updated
103:Please
4629:Famine
4555:Zombie
4357:Others
4312:Jewish
4290:Dajjal
4172:Events
4086:Daniel
3987:winter
3814:Others
3704:winter
3504:winter
3499:famine
3494:cobalt
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1187:, and
1008:energy
978:) and
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771:Tolman
731:Newton
726:Mather
716:Kepler
706:Hubble
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4750:Stars
4644:Riots
4336:Norse
4300:Mahdi
4059:Kalki
4054:Hindu
3384:(EMP)
2896:S2CID
2870:arXiv
2615:arXiv
2596:S2CID
2560:arXiv
2529:arXiv
2510:S2CID
2484:arXiv
2429:arXiv
2371:arXiv
2304:S2CID
2288:JSTOR
2258:(PDF)
2195:S2CID
2169:arXiv
2126:S2CID
2100:arXiv
1478:, or
1429:third
1315:is a
1254:stars
1133:into
756:Smoot
746:Rubin
691:Gamow
676:Ellis
661:Dicke
219:DeepL
2839:ISBN
2814:ISBN
2782:ISBN
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2647:ISBN
2556:2007
2455:PMID
2397:PMID
2296:PMID
2096:2002
1979:2020
1893:ISBN
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1744:NASA
1422:and
1303:and
1248:and
1224:work
1212:very
1170:and
1139:heat
1118:work
1065:and
1043:Moon
930:work
892:The
696:Guth
233:must
231:You
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