160:
143:
39:
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No surviving artwork or photograph from
Hawaiian history are authentically attributed as poi dogs. Often Western artists infused Euro-American characteristics in their 18th-century depictions of the dogs of Polynesia and by the 19th century, the dogs being depicted were of foreign breeds. The lack of
239:
encountered pot-bellied, short-legged poi dogs that freely associated with hogs in the village. The dogs had very short hair that could come in any color, but brown poi dogs were regarded as distinct enough to warrant a specific name. The dogs also had peculiarly flattened heads. The latter trait is
341:
characteristics. The project studied 18th- and 19th-century descriptions of the dog before 1825 and also the surviving skeletal remains of the ancient breed to set a standard. From this, they selected local dogs in Hawaii, who were then bred for the desired traits. By the third generation from the
374:, but also attribute specific characteristics to poi dogs, including the ability to eat anything, a strong will, and a unique appearance composed of different breeds. The term "poi dog" is also colloquially used to describe people of mixed heritage, although the more common term in use is
248:
will cause a dog's head to appear flattened. Poi dogs were considered rather dim-witted and sluggish â any good hunting dog with acute senses would neither make a good poi dog nor be particularly useful on the islands â however, the dogs were strong-willed and not easily commanded.
276:
951:
Williams, Carys (2015). "For the Love of Dog â A Discussion on Dog
Domestication with an Ethnographic Focus on the Islands of the South Pacific". Oxford: University of Oxford.
1016:
Natural
History of Hawaii: Being an Account of the Hawaiian People, the Geology and Geography of the Islands, and the Native and Introduced Plants and Animals of the Group
307:
283:
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sometimes ascribed to the diet of the dogs in some unspecified way. Considering that poi does not require chewing, the dogs may have lost the need to maintain strong
346:
The
Honolulu Zoo undertook a project in 1967 to re-create the Polynesian dog. The purpose behind such a project is to tell the story of the animal life of the
2303:
1276:
1612:
441:
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original dogs selected in the program, a female was born with the desired appearance of the ancient breed. Commenting in 1969, Throp noted:
267:
of
European settlers interbred with the poi dogs, and by the early 20th century at latest, the breed disappeared as a distinct entity.
1188:
1312:
291:
details has led historians to guess at what works may be realistic depictions of the breed based on the physical characteristics.
1955:
706:
Barack Obama, The Aloha Zen
President: How a Son of the 50th State May Revitalize America Based on 12 Multicultural Principles
916:
764:
743:
714:
685:
321:
depict simplified representations of the dogs. They often show the curly tails and pointed ears characteristic of the breed.
1605:
984:
Bay-Petersen, Jan (1983). "Competition for
Resources: The Role of Pig and Dog in the Polynesian Agricultural Economy".
159:
1032:
Clark, Geoffrey R. (April 1997). "Anthropogenic
Factors and Prehistoric Dog Morphology: A Case Study from Polynesia".
216:
root. Poi was used to fatten the dogs for use as food because meat was too valuable to be used as dog food. Since the
2308:
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1598:
256:. Unsuited for anything else, the breed declined to extinction as the native religion was abandoned and eating
1273:
868:
Reinecke, John E.; Tsuzaki, Stanley M. (Winter 1967). "Hawaiian
Loanwords in Hawaiian English of the 1930s".
306:, may show one of the dogs in center which may resemble the extinct breed. Luomala also claims French artist
1305:
38:
350:
in a living
Hawaiian exhibit. The dog is an important part of the Polynesians' contribution to this story.
2298:
2142:
1948:
1487:
1133:
Luomala, Katharine (1960b). Stanley Diamond (ed.). "The Native Dog in the Polynesian System of Values".
2328:
2011:
1976:
1621:
451:
115:
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2121:
2036:
2026:
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677:
The Intelligence of Dogs: A Guide to the Thoughts, Emotions, and Inner Lives of Our Canine Companions
969:
474:
that typically have extremely strong temporalis muscles attaching to large and deep temporal fossae.
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2101:
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and Margaret Titcomb both agreed an unfinished line drawing, dated to c. 1816â17, by French artist
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2187:
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2006:
1847:
1827:
1812:
1737:
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224:, Poi dogs were not needed for hunting. The dogs were never deliberately bred to a standard, but
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1941:
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834:"Additional Eighteenth-Century Sketches of the Polynesian Native Dog, Including the Maori"
8:
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2016:
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The program is thought to have discontinued shortly afterward. In 1976, the crews on the
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103:
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20:
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Wood-Jones, Frederic (February 1931). "The Cranial Characters of the Hawaiian Dog".
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on their expedition to recreate the historical Polynesian voyage between Hawaii and
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1996:
1991:
1986:
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indicate that the origin of this dog (and therefore probably the Hawaiian dog) is
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Photographs of Hawaiian dog petroglyphs at Nuʻuanu, Oʻahu by Christopher M. Butin
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286:, c. 1836. Detail crop shows a spotted dog with prick ears and a long tail.
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938:. Vol. 59. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publications.
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1251:
908:
Barack Obama in Hawai'i and Indonesia: The Making of a Global President
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784:"A History of the Binomial Classification of the Polynesian Native Dog"
431:
318:
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possibly captured a dog with the same traits in his colored drawing of
236:
221:
200:
149:
119:
76:
1620:
1447:
1150:
Luomala, Katharine (1958). "Polynesian Myths about Maui and the Dog".
1090:
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738:. Translated by Neil Beckhaus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1872:
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Dog and Man in the Ancient Pacific, with Special Attention to Hawaii
881:
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1082:
257:
131:
1040:(1). Sydney: Oceania Publications, University of Sydney: 124â130.
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504:
370:
Today, the term "poi dog" is most often used to refer to mutts or
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1137:(1st ed.). New York: Columbia University Press: 190â240.
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brought along a dog from this program, which they named Hoku.
1897:
1837:
1777:
1579:
1495:
1477:
1462:
1432:
426:
261:
252:
The poi dog was a two-purpose breed â used for food and as a
1238:(1). Lawrence, KS: American Society of Mammalogists: 39â41.
1069:
Day, Arthur Grove (February 1951). "How to Talk in Hawaii".
756:
The Voyaging Stars: Secrets of the Pacific Island Navigators
552:
337:
the breed through selective breeding of local dogs based on
376:
213:
489:
2273:
1963:
1702:
604:
528:
264:
735:
Domestication: The Decline of Environmental Appreciation
1274:
Photographs of Hawaiian dog petroglyphs by Jean Charlot
579:
567:
477:
797:(13). Honolulu: Pacific Science Association: 193â223.
174:
The original Hawaiian poi dog were descended from the
847:(2). Honolulu: Pacific Science Association: 170â180.
628:
616:
167:
made from the teeth of the poi dog and olona fiber,
876:(2). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press: 80â115.
1622:Extinct dog breeds, varieties, landraces and types
640:
1135:Culture in History: Essays in Honor of Paul Radin
2290:
402:â extinct breed of Polynesian dog native to the
198:, the modern name of this breed is derived from
1077:(1). Durham, NC: Duke University Press: 18â26.
1019:. Honolulu: The Hawaiian Gazette Company, Ltd.
867:
658:
992:(77). Paris: Societe des Oceanistes: 121â129.
934:Titcomb, Margaret; Pukui, Mary Kawena (1969).
442:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
302:, who was part of the exploring expedition of
130:as a spiritual protector of children and as a
1949:
1606:
1306:
1196:Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum
983:
933:
561:
510:
411:- extinct breed of Polynesian dog native to
393:â extinct breed of Polynesian dog native to
2304:Dog breeds originating in the United States
1105:
458:
220:did not have large land mammals other than
1956:
1942:
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37:
1158:(1). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter: 139â162.
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329:In 1967, Jack L. Throp, director of the
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178:brought to the Hawaiian Islands by the
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1964:Dogs originating in the United States
1937:
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1110:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Humane Society.
1031:
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752:
673:
622:
573:
483:
1718:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound
986:Journal de la Société des Océanistes
702:
646:
1189:"Dental Caries in the Hawaiian Dog"
1068:
324:
13:
1320:
1046:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1997.tb00378.x
977:
14:
2340:
1267:
1187:Svihla, Arthur (March 18, 1957).
832:Luomala, Katharine (April 1962).
58:Ê»ÄȘlio, Ê»ÄȘlio mÄkuÊ»e, Hawaiian Dog
782:Luomala, Katharine (July 1960).
1013:Bryan, William Alanson (1915).
667:
591:
2042:American Staffordshire Terrier
911:. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
709:. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
464:
280:Vue de Honolulu. lles Sandwich
1:
823:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1106:Engebretson, George (1997).
7:
2143:Miniature American Shepherd
659:Reinecke & Tsuzaki 1967
597:"To revive early poi dog".
383:
152:depiction of a native dog,
10:
2345:
2012:American English Coonhound
1977:Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog
452:List of extinct dog breeds
137:
18:
2262:
2236:
2213:Treeing Tennessee Brindle
2124:a/k/a Florida Cracker Cur
2037:American Pit Bull Terrier
2027:American Hairless Terrier
1969:
1628:
1542:
1504:
1486:
1402:
1326:
1164:10.1515/fabl.1959.2.1.139
601:. Honolulu. May 18, 1967.
549:, pp. 197, 216, 221.
470:Compare the high head of
182:. Genetic studies on the
82:
72:
62:
52:
36:
31:
2309:Extinct Hawaiian animals
2218:Treeing Walker Coonhound
2102:Chesapeake Bay Retriever
680:. New York: Free Press.
562:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
525:, pp. 195â197, 209.
511:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
459:Footnotes and references
365:
235:European explorers like
19:Not to be confused with
16:Extinct pariah dog breed
2319:Native Hawaiian culture
2188:Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
2062:Black and Tan Coonhound
2007:American Cocker Spaniel
1828:Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog
1813:Old Croatian Sighthound
1738:Grand Fauve de Bretagne
905:Sharma, Dinesh (2011).
732:Hemmer, Helmut (1990).
674:Coren, Stanley (2006).
599:The Honolulu Advertiser
107:
2198:Toy Manchester Terrier
2158:Olde English Bulldogge
2052:American Water Spaniel
2032:American Leopard Hound
1848:Saint John's water dog
1453:New Guinea singing dog
1034:Archaeology in Oceania
964:Cite journal requires
703:Haas, Michael (2011).
352:
287:
260:became unfashionable.
232:still came into play.
171:
156:
2128:Mackenzie River husky
2097:Catahoula Leopard Dog
1728:English White Terrier
1723:English Water Spaniel
1658:Black and Tan Terrier
1202:(2). Honolulu: 7â13.
1108:Poi dogs & PĆpoki
998:10.3406/jso.1983.2793
753:Lewis, David (1978).
437:Philippine forest dog
344:
278:
162:
145:
1808:North Country Beagle
1693:CĂłrdoba fighting dog
1633:African hairless dog
1529:Peruvian Inca Orchid
1514:African hairless dog
1232:Journal of Mammalogy
513:, pp. 2â3, 5â6.
308:Barthélémy Lauvergne
284:Barthélémy Lauvergne
271:Surviving depictions
184:New Zealand Kurī dog
2133:Majestic Tree Hound
2057:Australian Shepherd
2017:American Eskimo Dog
1918:Tweed Water Spaniel
1908:Toy Trawler Spaniel
1823:Old Spanish Pointer
1818:Old English Bulldog
1698:Cumberland Sheepdog
1648:Argentine polar dog
1524:Chinese Crested Dog
870:Oceanic Linguistics
759:. Sydney: Collins.
576:, pp. 138â140.
537:, pp. 170â180.
498:, pp. 195â197.
486:, pp. 137â168.
472:fighting dog breeds
169:Bailey House Museum
2299:Extinct dog breeds
2077:Bluetick Coonhound
2047:American Staghound
1773:Lapponian Shepherd
1758:King's White Hound
1394:Podenco Valenciano
1384:Portuguese Podengo
1374:Phu Quoc Ridgeback
1279:2016-12-30 at the
447:List of dog breeds
288:
242:temporalis muscles
190:. Referred as the
172:
157:
126:which was used by
43:A female from the
2329:Mammals of Hawaii
2286:
2285:
2173:Redbone Coonhound
2122:Florida Brown Dog
2022:American Foxhound
1931:
1930:
1663:Blue Paul Terrier
1588:
1587:
1438:Indian pariah dog
1344:Cirneco dell'Etna
1217:on April 29, 2016
918:978-0-313-38533-9
766:978-0-00-216404-7
745:978-0-521-34178-3
716:978-0-313-39403-4
687:978-0-7432-8087-7
613:, pp. 30â31.
588:, pp. 33â34.
564:, pp. 22â23.
404:Marquesas Islands
317:Ancient Hawaiian
304:Otto von Kotzebue
296:Katharine Luomala
230:natural selection
196:Hawaiian language
180:Polynesian people
96:
95:
21:Poi Dog Pondering
2336:
2249:Hawaiian Poi Dog
2178:Silken Windhound
2112:English Shepherd
1997:American Bulldog
1992:Alaskan Malamute
1987:Alaskan Klee Kai
1958:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1878:Tahltan Bear Dog
1793:Moscow Water Dog
1753:Hawaiian Poi Dog
1733:Fila da Terceira
1615:
1608:
1601:
1592:
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1555:Hawaiian Poi Dog
1364:Pampas Deerhound
1327:Primitive hounds
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1210:. Archived from
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372:mixed breed dogs
348:Hawaiian Islands
325:Breeding program
218:Hawaiian Islands
147:Ancient Hawaiian
128:Native Hawaiians
100:Hawaiian Poi Dog
91:
85:
55:
47:program, c. 1969
41:
32:Hawaiian Poi Dog
29:
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2254:Salish Wool Dog
2244:Hare Indian Dog
2232:
2193:Toy Fox Terrier
2067:Black Mouth Cur
1965:
1962:
1932:
1927:
1858:Salish Wool Dog
1843:Russian tracker
1833:Paisley Terrier
1798:Norfolk Spaniel
1748:Hare Indian Dog
1653:Belgian Mastiff
1624:
1619:
1589:
1584:
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1506:Hairless breeds
1500:
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1379:Podenco Canario
1334:Podenco Andaluz
1322:
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1281:Wayback Machine
1270:
1244:10.2307/1373802
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1071:American Speech
980:
978:Further reading
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882:10.2307/3622760
841:Pacific Science
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417:Society Islands
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333:, attempted to
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312:Honolulu Harbor
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176:Polynesian dogs
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1570:Polynesian Dog
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1543:Extinct breeds
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1534:Xoloitzcuintle
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1519:Argentine Pila
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2092:Carolina Dog
1913:Turnspit dog
1888:Talbot Hound
1883:Tahitian Dog
1863:Sleuth hound
1803:Norman Hound
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1743:Halls Heeler
1668:Braque Dupuy
1575:Tahitian Dog
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1428:Carolina Dog
1354:Ibizan Hound
1349:Cretan Hound
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112:ʻīlio mÄkuÊ»e
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89:domestic dog
73:Breed status
45:Honolulu Zoo
2314:Dog as food
2223:Trigg Hound
2203:Treeing Cur
2168:Rat Terrier
2163:Plott Hound
1903:Toy Bulldog
1713:Dogo Cubano
586:Hemmer 1990
395:New Zealand
319:petroglyphs
254:lucky charm
206:staple food
54:Other names
2293:Categories
1683:Chien-gris
1468:Taiwan Dog
1423:Canaan Dog
1260:5726063100
1172:4958364642
1099:5552733720
1062:6015358906
853:10125/5950
803:10125/8347
635:Sharma2011
623:Lewis 1978
574:Coren 2006
484:Coren 2006
432:Taiwan dog
335:bring back
222:feral hogs
208:made from
120:pariah dog
2270:Coonhound
2072:Blue Lacy
1873:Staghound
1708:Dalbo dog
1673:Buckhound
1488:Wild dogs
1413:Africanis
1221:March 14,
1180:161088509
1006:930608583
944:925631874
927:548555647
898:883144524
725:658117495
647:Haas 2011
314:in 1836.
188:Indonesia
26:Dog breed
1893:Techichi
1788:Molossus
1768:Laconian
1473:Telomian
1418:Alopekis
1404:Landrace
1277:Archived
1208:38440630
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696:61461866
384:See also
356:HĆkĆ«leÊ»a
294:Writers
258:dog meat
114:) is an
104:Hawaiian
2237:Extinct
2107:Chinook
1448:LĂ i dog
1339:Basenji
1252:1373802
1025:3395236
890:3622760
775:4722789
415:in the
194:in the
138:History
124:Hawaiʻi
77:Extinct
2267:Types:
1970:Extant
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360:Tahiti
63:Origin
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1898:Tesem
1838:Rache
1778:Limer
1580:Tesem
1496:Dingo
1478:Tugou
1463:Spitz
1443:Laika
1433:Husky
1248:JSTOR
1215:(PDF)
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1176:S2CID
1087:JSTOR
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886:JSTOR
837:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
427:Askal
366:Usage
262:Feral
226:human
192:ʻīlio
122:from
108:ʻīlio
1763:Kurī
1560:Kurī
1406:dogs
1256:OCLC
1223:2017
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