60:
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On one occasion the latter even took the elderly imam captive, but this produced such an outcry that he was forced to flee to Daylam. In the end, the notables of
Tabaristan prevailed upon both to mend their differences, and Abu Muhammad was named as successor over Hasan's own sons. Hasan ruled over Tabaristan until his death in January/February 917, and even a
394:
His achievement was undermined, however, by tensions among his supporters over the issue of his succession, given his advanced age. Hasan's own sons were regarded as dissolute and incapable for leadership, while Hasan fell out with his son-in-law and chief general, Abu
Muhammad al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim.
383:
with cementing his own authority, Hasan was soon able to extend his control over all the old Zaydid domains, including both
Tabaristan and Gurgan. A Samanid counter-attack temporarily forced him to abandon Amul and withdraw to Chalus, but after 40 days he beat the invasion back and re-established his
366:
sent an army under
Muhammad ibn Sa'luk to Tabaristan to oppose a new Zaydid takeover of the province. Although the Samanid force was far superior in numbers and equipment, Hasan managed to inflict a crushing defeat upon it in December 913 at Burdidah on the river Burrud west of
403:
comments that "the people had not seen anything like the justice of al-Utrush, his good conduct, and his fulfilment of the right". His tomb in Amul became a major site of pilgrimage for the
Daylamite and Gilite Shi'ites, and his descendants, who kept the honorific surname
319:
brothers. Together, Hasan and the
Justanids tried in 902 and 903 to recover control of Tabaristan, but without success. Worried by the fickleness of the Justanids, Hasan resolved to build a power base of his own. He therefore engaged in a mission to the as yet unconverted
291:
When he was released from imprisonment, Hasan returned to
Tabaristan and the service of Muhammad ibn Zayd. Hasan was present and fought alongside the latter in the disastrous battle in 900 at
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372:
379:
opened its gates to the Zaydid forces, and Hasan took up residence in the palace. Taking advantage of the murder of Ahmad ibn Ismai'il soon after, and the preoccupation of his successor
300:
411:
Upon his death, Abu
Muhammad returned from Gilan and succeeded him as ruler until his death in 928. Although a popular ruler, his reign was constantly threatened by Hasan's sons
276:, who distrusted him. Hasan left Tabaristan and tried to set up a realm of his own in the provinces further east. To this end, he allied himself with the ruler of Khurasan,
303:. Muhammad ibn Zayd was defeated and died of his wounds, leaving Tabaristan open to Samanid occupation. Hasan managed to escape the defeat and at first sought refuge in
416:
679:
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mountains, where he preached in person and founded mosques. His efforts were swiftly crowned by success: the mountain
Daylamites and the Gilites east of the
412:
831:
95:
354:, but in the ensuing showdown between the two Hasan was able to affirm his position and compel the Justanid to swear allegiance to himself.
350:
branch adopted in
Tabaristan following the teachings of Qasim ibn Ibrahim. This development threatened the position of the Justanid king,
371:. A detachment that managed to find refuge in the fortress of Chalus was induced to surrender and then massacred by his son-in-law,
217:("al-Nasir the Elder") to distinguish him from his descendants who bore the same surname. He is still known and recognized as an
17:
610:
645:
280:, who was an enemy of Muhammad ibn Zayd. Soon, however, al-Khujistani too came to distrust him and had him imprisoned and
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in the 860s, Hasan joined him there. However, he eventually fell out with Hasan ibn Zayd's brother and successor,
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Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn
419:
and their supporters, who deposed and forced him to exile briefly in 919 and again in 923–926.
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8:
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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711:
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363:
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338:("Defender of the True Faith") and were converted to his own branch of
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43:
284:, as a result of which he lost his hearing and received the sobriquet
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position. Even old opponents of the first Zaydid emirs, like the
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605:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249.
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sect who re-established Zaydi rule over the province of
648:. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Archived from
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and differed in some practices from the "mainstream"
332:
river recognized him as their imam with the name of
211:("Defender of the True Faith"), and became known as
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rule. He ruled Tabaristan until his death under the
391:, made peace with him and accepted his authority.
694:
197:in northern Iran in 914, after fourteen years of
813:
362:Seeing Hasan's rise to power, the Samanid ruler
646:"GĪLĀN iv. History in the Early Islamic Period"
237:around 844. Hasan's father was a descendant of
680:
489:
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485:
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375:. After this success, the provincial capital
629:"ʿALIDS OF ṬABARESTĀN, DAYLAMĀN, AND GĪLĀN"
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673:
565:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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496:
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307:. There he received the invitation of the
573:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 254–255.
455:
453:
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163:, January/February 917), better known as
832:10th-century monarchs in the Middle East
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342:Islam, which was named after him as the
315:, who had also supported and served the
631:. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
324:and the Daylamites to the north of the
14:
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599:"The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran"
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730:Muhammad ibn Zayd (al-Da'i al-Saghir)
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437:
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737:Hasan ibn Qasim (al-Da'i ila'l-Haqq)
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358:Recovery of Tabaristan and aftermath
288:("the Deaf"), by which he is known.
765:Hasan al-Utrush (al-Nasir al-Kabir)
278:Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Khujistani
264:, a descendant of Husayn's brother
172:
24:
428:
373:Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim
256:, while his mother was an unnamed
182:'Hasan the Deaf'), was an
25:
878:
722:Hasan ibn Zayd (al-Da'i al-Kabir)
620:
744:
579:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2777
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775:Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Nasir
726:Abu'l-Husayn Ahmad ibn Muhammad
778:Ismail ibn Ja'far ibn al-Nasir
514:
505:
471:
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441:Strothmann (1971), pp. 254–255
301:Muhammad ibn Harun al-Sarakhsi
27:Emir of Tabaristan, Zaydi Imam
13:
1:
781:Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn al-Nasir
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254:Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
228:
520:Madelung (1975), pp. 210–211
511:Madelung (1975), pp. 209–210
477:Madelung (1975), pp. 208–209
408:, were held in high esteem.
268:, established his rule over
7:
64:Tomb of Hasan al-Utrush in
10:
883:
535:
842:Zaydi imams of Tabaristan
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753:
742:
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529:Strothmann (1971), p. 255
459:Strothmann (1971), p. 254
137:
125:
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857:10th-century Arab people
852:9th-century Arab people
601:. In Frye, R.N. (ed.).
542:Strothmann, R. (1971).
502:Madelung (1975), p. 210
493:Madelung (1975), p. 209
468:Madelung (1975), p. 207
18:Hasan ibn Ali al-Utrush
252:, via his eldest son
221:among the Zaydis of
117:January/February 917
867:10th-century Zaydis
772:Ja'far ibn al-Nasir
544:"Ḥasan al-Uṭrūs̲h̲"
352:Justan ibn Vahsudan
862:9th-century Zaydis
847:People from Medina
769:Ahmad ibn al-Nasir
413:Abu'l-Husayn Ahmad
335:al-Nāṣir liʾl-Ḥaqq
241:, the grandson of
233:Hasan was born in
208:al-Nāṣir liʾl-Ḥaqq
186:missionary of the
165:al-Ḥasan al-Uṭrūsh
809:
808:
796:Asfar ibn Shiruya
789:Military usurpers
612:978-0-521-20093-6
417:Abu'l-Qaim Ja'far
364:Ahmad ibn Isma'il
274:Muhammad ibn Zayd
214:al-Nāṣir al-Kabīr
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822:840s births
656:12 February
569:Volume III:
560:Schacht, J.
556:Pellat, Ch.
203:regnal name
159:, c. 844 –
145:Shi'a Islam
81:Predecessor
827:917 deaths
816:Categories
703:Tabaristan
635:25 January
423:References
389:Sharwin II
270:Tabaristan
245:and third
229:Early life
195:Tabaristan
87:occupation
44:Tabaristan
756:Husaynids
587:495469525
548:Lewis, B.
401:al-Tabari
348:Qasimiyya
344:Nasiriyya
330:Safid Rud
286:al-Utrush
258:Khurasani
92:Successor
713:Hasanids
597:(1975).
562:(eds.).
406:al-Nasir
386:Bavandid
311:king of
309:Justanid
299:army of
282:scourged
243:Muhammad
138:Religion
536:Sources
381:Nasr II
322:Gilites
297:Samanid
199:Samanid
180:
85:Samanid
76:914–917
609:
585:
571:H–Iram
558:&
369:Chalus
326:Alburz
317:Zaydid
313:Daylam
293:Gurgan
235:Medina
169:Arabic
157:Medina
108:Medina
105:c. 844
546:. In
397:Sunni
340:Zaydi
266:Hasan
247:Shi'a
223:Yemen
188:Zaydi
142:Zaydi
127:House
73:Reign
48:Zaydi
658:2013
637:2013
607:ISBN
583:OCLC
415:and
377:Amul
305:Rayy
250:Imam
219:imam
191:Shia
184:Alid
178:lit.
161:Amul
120:Amol
114:Died
102:Born
66:Amol
51:Imam
40:Emir
700:of
575:doi
205:of
42:of
818::
581:.
567:.
554:;
550:;
482:^
446:^
430:^
225:.
175:,
171::
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639:.
615:.
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167:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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