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Gray has made generative contributions to the understanding of chemical bonding of metal complexes, mechanisms of inorganic reactions, spectroscopy and magneto-chemistry of inorganic compounds. His study of the first trigonal prismatic complexes is one such example. Harry Gray's most significant work
487:
Gray also trained future leaders of several major science research universities. Four of his doctoral students became presidents or chancellors of
University of Rhode Island, Iowa State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Washington University in St. Louis.
519:
reagents. Early research by his lab members showed that details of the internal structures of the proteins dominate the ET rates. Current research is aimed at understanding how intermediate protein radicals accelerate long-range ET. In collaboration with
587:
Babini, Elena; Bertini, Ivano; Borsari, Marco; Capozzi, Francesco; Luchinat, Claudio; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Moura, Gustavo L. C.; Kurnikov, Igor V.; Beratan, David N.; Ponce, Adrian; Di Bilio, Angel J.; Winkler, Jay R.; Gray, Harry B. (May 2000).
696:
Wilker, Jonathan J.; Dmochowski, Ivan J.; Dawson, John H.; Winkler, Jay R.; Gray, Harry B. (January 15, 1999). "Substrates for Rapid
Delivery of Electrons and Holes to Buried Active Sites in Proteins".
6463:
1594:
1023:, he has made many key contributions, the most important of which is the development of fundamental understanding of electron transfer in biological systems, at the atomic level.
6468:
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into protein crystals has provided a powerful new tool for studying biochemical reaction dynamics. The Gray/Winkler group is also using ET chemistry to probe the dynamics of
1145:
Understanding
Molecular Properties a Symposium in Honour of Professor Carl Johan Ballhausen, held at The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, April 4 and 5, 1986
561:"Electron Tunneling through Water: Oxidative Quenching of Electronically Excited Ru(tpy) (tpy = 2,2':6,2' '-terpyridine) by Ferric Ions in Aqueous Glasses at 77 K"
6084:
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Langen, R; Chang, I.; Germanas, J.; Richards, J.; Winkler; Gray, H. (June 23, 1995). "Electron tunneling in proteins: coupling through a beta strand".
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Over the past twenty-five years the Gray group has been measuring the kinetics of long-range ET reactions in metalloproteins labeled with inorganic
718:
Telford, Jason R.; Wittung-Stafshede, Pernilla; Gray, Harry B.; Winkler, Jay R. (November 1998). "Protein
Folding Triggered by Electron Transfer".
1206:
1496:
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Grinstaff, M.; Hill, M.; Labinger, J.; Gray, H. (May 27, 1994). "Mechanism of catalytic oxygenation of alkanes by halogenated iron porphyrins".
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458:, where, along with Walter A. Manch, he collaborated with Carl J. Ballhausen on studies of the electronic structures of metal complexes.
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1177:"Francis Clifford Phillips Lecture Series 1986 Phillips Lecturer Brief Biography of Harry Gray, California Institute of Technology"
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Pascher, T.; Chesick, J. P.; Winkler, J. R.; Gray, H. B. (March 15, 1996). "Protein
Folding Triggered by Electron Transfer".
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Theopold, Klaus H. (September 2005). "The 2004 Benjamin
Franklin Medal in Chemistry presented to Harry B. Gray".
454:
at
Northwestern University in 1958. After that, he spent a year (1960â61) as an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the
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469:. He served as an assistant professor from 1961 to 1963 and as an associate professor from 1963 to 1965.
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1341:"Electron flow through biological molecules: does hole hopping protect proteins from oxidative damage?"
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Winkler, J. R.; Di Bilio, Angel J.; Farrow, N. A.; Richards, J. H.; Gray, H. B. (January 1, 1999).
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they have developed new techniques for measuring ET rates in crystals of Ru-, Os-, and Re-modified
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Dmochowski, I. J.; Crane, B. R.; Wilker, J. J.; Winkler, J. R.; Gray, H. B. (November 9, 1999).
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Mines, Gary A.; Pascher, Torbjörn; Lee, Sonny C.; Winkler, Jay R.; Gray, Harry B. (June 1996).
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1740:"Harry Gray Wins Welch Award Caltech professor recognized for achievement in basic research"
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Gray's interdisciplinary research program addresses a wide range of fundamental problems in
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590:"Bond-Mediated Electron Tunneling in Ruthenium-Modified High-Potential IronâSulfur Protein"
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1519:"1979 Richard C. Tolman Award Recipient Harry B. Gray California Institute of Technology"
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1294:"Protein electron transfer rates set by the bridging secondary and tertiary structure"
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1595:"People: Caltech Chemist Wins AIC Gold Medal For His Studies Of Electron Transfer"
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990115)38:1/2<89::AID-ANIE89>3.0.CO;2-R
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418:(born November 14, 1935) is the Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry at
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1482:
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Tezcan, F. Akif; Crane, Brian R.; Winkler, Jay R.; Gray, Harry B. (2001).
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767:
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4253:
3476:
3277:
3225:
2736:
2248:
2130:
2039:
1423:
1184:
505:
731:
645:"Optical detection of cytochrome P450 by sensitizer-linked substrates"
608:
579:
4810:
4580:
2930:
2318:
1012:
403:
How Arnold O. Beckman's
Instrumental Voice Shaped Chemistry's History
187:
4618:
465:, he relocated to New York City to take up a faculty appointment at
2322:
2268:
1518:
717:
472:
In 1966, he became the Arnold O. Beckman
Professor of Chemistry at
1016:
6075:
529:
406:, and the Beckman Institute at Caltech; Profiles in Chemistry,
1545:"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details"
559:
Ponce, Adrian; Gray, Harry B.; Winkler, Jay R. (August 2000).
512:(ET) chemistry is a unifying theme for much of this research.
695:
615:
516:
91:
1897:
642:
827:
586:
536:
doped with Zn(II)-cytochrome c. This method of integrating
87:
1003:, unraveling novel principles of structure and long-range
6464:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1292:
Beratan, DN; Betts, JN; Onuchic, JN; et al. (1991).
864:
782:
1304:(5010). Sciencemag.orgaccessdate=June 18, 2013: 1285â8.
1181:
Phi Lambda Upsilon Xi Chapter, University of Pittsburgh
1142:
Avery, John; Dahl, Jens Peder; Hansen, Aage E. (1987).
480:. He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the
6469:
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
1770:"Fraternity - Awards - Hall of Fame - Alpha Chi Sigma"
1454:
1387:
1019:. As a pioneer of the important and thriving field of
985:
for outstanding contribution to chemistry and science.
1457:"Cytochrome c folding triggered by electron transfer"
461:
After completing his NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the
1291:
1148:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. ixâx.
442:, where he earned his Ph.D. in 1960 working under
2334:
1339:Winkler, Jay R.; Gray, Harry B. (July 16, 2015).
6395:
4619:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
1263:"AWARDS Harry Gray Wins Wolf Prize In Chemistry"
558:
1141:
649:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
450:. He was initiated into the Upsilon chapter of
1032:
6061:
2304:
1883:
739:Gray, Harry B.; Winkler, Jay R. (June 1996).
618:"Electron tunneling in biological molecules"
1784:
1338:
738:
6444:California Institute of Technology faculty
6068:
6054:
2311:
2297:
1890:
1876:
1096:"Educational Foundation - Alpha Chi Sigma"
1818:"Beckman Institute Laser Resource Center"
1714:"Professor Harry Gray Awarded Wolf Prize"
1613:
1537:
1472:
1431:
1413:
1364:
678:
668:
633:
430:Gray received his B.S. in chemistry from
4028:
1848:
1684:
1678:
1639:
1390:"Electron Tunneling in Protein Crystals"
1256:
1254:
597:Journal of the American Chemical Society
568:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2598:
2320:United States National Medal of Science
1332:
1285:
1211:Beckman Institute Laser Resource Center
1169:
699:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
6396:
1737:
1731:
1381:
1260:
1118:"Dr. Harry B. Gray (Inducted in 1995)"
1058:
6049:
5148:
5147:
4617:
4027:
3541:
2597:
2333:
2292:
1871:
1711:
1705:
1448:
1251:
1040:"Harry B. Gray - www.cce.caltech.edu"
551:
6429:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1199:
1135:
903:
6454:National Medal of Science laureates
1823:. Bilrc.caltech.org. Archived from
1587:
1562:
999:in 2004 for his pioneering work in
760:10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.002541
13:
6459:Western Kentucky University alumni
6146:Michael Anthony John Ferguson
1738:Rovner, Sophie L. (May 25, 2009).
1261:Jacoby, Mitch (January 26, 2004).
1245:California Institute of Technology
1110:
1070:California Institute of Technology
474:California Institute of Technology
420:California Institute of Technology
202:California Institute of Technology
14:
6480:
6449:Wolf Prize in Chemistry laureates
1687:Journal of the Franklin Institute
1672:"Harry Gray | Royal Society"
1042:. Cce.caltech.edu. Archived from
532:, as well as crystals of Fe(III)-
1712:Perry, Jill (January 22, 2004).
395:
386:
29:
1842:
1810:
1762:
1744:Chemical & Engineering News
1699:10.1016/j.jfranklin.2005.04.015
1664:
1511:
1489:
1345:Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
1267:Chemical & Engineering News
741:"Electron Transfer in Proteins"
476:, and founding director of the
6434:Northwestern University alumni
6419:21st-century American chemists
6414:People from Woodburn, Kentucky
1229:
1088:
1011:lies at the interface between
434:in 1957. He began his work in
1:
3542:
2335:Behavioral and social science
1497:"ACS Award in Pure Chemistry"
1474:10.1016/S1074-5521(96)90097-6
1026:
990:
805:10.1126/science.271.5255.1558
748:Annual Review of Biochemistry
720:Accounts of Chemical Research
526:Beckman Institute at Caltech
408:Chemical Heritage Foundation
7:
6439:Columbia University faculty
6424:American inorganic chemists
6217:Robert Glanville Lloyd
1549:National Science Foundation
1499:. American Chemical Society
1122:Western Kentucky University
957:The Benjamin Franklin Medal
949:2000 Foreign Member of the
915:ACS Award in Pure Chemistry
491:
432:Western Kentucky University
280:Other notable students
124:ACS Award in Pure Chemistry
74:Western Kentucky University
10:
6485:
6210:Anthony Charles Legon
6203:Peter Francis Leadlay
5223:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
622:Pure and Applied Chemistry
16:American inorganic chemist
6374:
6332:
6319:John Henry Woodhouse
6196:Simon Barry Laughlin
6091:
5985:
5834:
5683:
5504:
5310:
5158:
5154:
5143:
5077:
4979:
4868:
4779:
4700:
4628:
4624:
4613:
4570:
4479:
4371:
4262:
4198:William Hayward Pickering
4143:
4038:
4034:
4023:
3949:
3841:
3695:
3571:
3552:
3548:
3537:
3448:
3257:
3071:
2889:
2745:
2608:
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2550:
2491:
2403:
2363:
2344:
2340:
2329:
2237:
2154:
2091:
2022:
1929:
1906:
1851:"ŚȘŚŚŠŚŚŚȘ ŚŚŚ€ŚŚ© - Ś€ŚšŚĄ ŚŚŚŚŁ"
1796:Science History Institute
1574:National Medal of Science
1357:10.1017/S0033583515000062
927:National Medal of Science
425:
394:
385:
380:
354:
350:
279:
223:
207:
193:
183:
176:
134:National Medal of Science
118:
99:
69:
40:
28:
21:
6293:Brian Douglas Sykes
6261:Michael Alfred Robb
6245:Ole Holger Petersen
6130:John Douglas Denton
5647:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5093:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
2724:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
670:10.1073/pnas.96.23.12987
463:University of Copenhagen
456:University of Copenhagen
154:William H. Nichols Medal
6229:Thomas John Martin
6189:Bruce Arthur Joyce
4958:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
2876:George Ledyard Stebbins
2797:James Augustine Shannon
2170:Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
1900:Wolf Prize in Chemistry
1461:Chemistry & Biology
1318:10.1126/science.1656523
997:Wolf Prize in Chemistry
974:2012 Inducted into the
964:Wolf Prize in Chemistry
908:His accolades include:
887:10.1126/science.8191283
850:10.1126/science.7792598
635:10.1351/pac199971091753
440:Northwestern University
159:Wolf Prize in Chemistry
84:Northwestern University
6223:Robert Sinclair MacKay
5415:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5402:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4358:Harry George Drickamer
4304:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
3978:M. Frederick Hawthorne
3852:John D. Baldeschwieler
3092:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
2774:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
1415:10.1073/pnas.081072898
1021:bioinorganic chemistry
1001:bioinorganic chemistry
104:Bioinorganic Chemistry
6006:Sylvester James Gates
5392:William Alfred Fowler
5374:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5187:Robert Burns Woodward
3999:Geraldine L. Richmond
3747:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
3030:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
2959:Vernon B. Mountcastle
2815:Sterling B. Hendricks
2632:Marshall W. Nirenberg
2627:Theodosius Dobzhansky
2475:William Julius Wilson
2066:Samuel J. Danishefsky
400:Harry Gray discusses
5977:Warren M. Washington
5941:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
5850:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
5795:Martin Schwarzschild
5576:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
5568:J. Robert Schrieffer
5538:E. Margaret Burbidge
5382:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5359:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5238:Vladimir K. Zworykin
4990:John Griggs Thompson
4913:Martin David Kruskal
4753:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4226:Erwin Wilhelm MĂŒller
4180:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4135:Jack St. Clair Kilby
4062:John Robinson Pierce
4029:Engineering sciences
3960:Jacqueline K. Barton
3815:George M. Whitesides
3734:Dudley R. Herschbach
3672:Richard B. Bernstein
3641:Walter H. Stockmayer
3189:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3120:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
3010:Stanley Norman Cohen
2997:Rita Levi-Montalcini
2833:Keith Roberts Porter
2696:Alfred H. Sturtevant
2691:Michael Heidelberger
2663:Fritz Albert Lipmann
2003:Raphael David Levine
1949:John Charles Polanyi
1830:on September 7, 2008
1237:"Leading By Example"
1187:on November 17, 2002
6360:Martin Karplus
6176:Andrew Bruce Holmes
6027:Shirley Ann Jackson
5946:Charles P. Slichter
5790:Marshall Rosenbluth
5782:Wallace S. Broecker
5735:Eugene M. Shoemaker
5496:Victor F. Weisskopf
5443:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5425:Edgar Bright Wilson
5266:George Kistiakowsky
4884:Stephen Cole Kleene
4395:George H. Heilmeier
4382:Mildred Dresselhaus
4273:Edward H. Heinemann
4203:Frederick E. Terman
4167:Richard T. Whitcomb
4088:Clarence L. Johnson
4049:Theodore von KĂĄrmĂĄn
3936:Stephen J. Benkovic
3915:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
3902:Marvin H. Caruthers
3857:Ralph F. Hirschmann
3797:Darleane C. Hoffman
3687:Harden M. McConnell
3628:Frank H. Westheimer
3440:Stanley B. Prusiner
3404:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3163:Howard Martin Temin
3020:Maurice R. Hilleman
3015:Joseph L. Goldstein
2954:Donald A. Henderson
2871:Earl Reece Stadtman
2856:Elizabeth C. Crosby
2820:Orville Alvin Vogel
2650:Donald D. Van Slyke
2599:Biological sciences
2263:Benjamin F. Cravatt
2259:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
2224:Stephen L. Buchwald
1963:Harden M. McConnell
1959:Herbert S. Gutowsky
1792:"Othmer Gold Medal"
1772:. Alphachisigma.org
1406:2001PNAS...98.5002A
1310:1991Sci...252.1285B
1098:. Alphachisigma.org
995:He was awarded the
879:1994Sci...264.1311G
873:(5163): 1311â1313.
842:1995Sci...268.1733L
836:(5218): 1733â1735.
797:1996Sci...271.1558P
791:(5255): 1558â1560.
661:1999PNAS...9612987D
655:(23): 12987â12990.
498:inorganic chemistry
484:from 2010 to 2013.
467:Columbia University
436:inorganic chemistry
327:Hemamala Karunadasa
246:Gregory L. Geoffroy
198:Columbia University
6366:Mitsuhiro Yanagida
6340:Grigory Barenblatt
6309:Alan Andrew Watson
6255:T. V. Ramakrishnan
6235:Kiyoshi Nagai
6171:Alexander Halliday
6114:Cyrus Chothia
5899:G. Brent Dalrymple
5717:Arthur L. Schawlow
5624:James A. Van Allen
5515:Philip W. Anderson
5471:Richard P. Feynman
5397:Linus Carl Pauling
5032:Dennis P. Sullivan
4589:John B. Goodenough
4522:Edwin N. Lightfoot
4490:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
4471:Kenneth N. Stevens
4239:Raymond D. Mindlin
4162:Harold E. Edgerton
4007:A. Paul Alivisatos
3886:Stephen J. Lippard
3865:Ernest R. Davidson
3802:Harold S. Johnston
3636:William S. Johnson
3600:George C. Pimentel
3435:Susan L. Lindquist
3417:Francis S. Collins
3311:Victor A. McKusick
3286:Francisco J. Ayala
3268:Nancy C. Andreasen
3218:Robert A. Weinberg
2992:Har Gobind Khorana
2977:Michael E. DeBakey
2964:George Emil Palade
2936:Wendell L. Roelofs
2926:Howard L. Bachrach
2756:Barbara McClintock
2658:Edward F. Knipling
2245:Leslie Leiserowitz
2141:William E. Moerner
2113:K. Barry Sharpless
1983:Albert Eschenmoser
1953:George C. Pimentel
1217:on August 10, 2017
1076:on August 10, 2017
1046:on August 10, 2017
552:Major publications
236:Jillian L. Dempsey
62:Woodburn, Kentucky
6391:
6390:
6250:M. S. Raghunathan
6161:Don Grierson
6043:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6034:
5972:Esther M. Conwell
5912:Robert N. Clayton
5904:Riccardo Giacconi
5868:Raymond Davis Jr.
5756:Albert Overhauser
5699:Edwin M. McMillan
5660:Arnold O. Beckman
5637:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
5614:Paul C. Lauterbur
5591:Robert Hofstadter
5543:Maurice Goldhaber
5530:Charles H. Townes
5481:Edward M. Purcell
5448:Frederick Rossini
5302:Wolfgang Panofsky
5233:John H. Van Vleck
5149:Physical sciences
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5101:Solomon W. Golomb
5061:Andrew J. Viterbi
5056:Leonard Kleinrock
5003:Calyampudi R. Rao
4971:Ronald R. Coifman
4879:George F. Carrier
4860:Donald C. Spencer
4855:Saunders Mac Lane
4790:Marshall H. Stone
4740:Shiing-Shen Chern
4647:Solomon Lefschetz
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4546:David J. Wineland
4514:John M. Prausnitz
4455:C. Kumar N. Patel
4450:James L. Flanagan
4418:John Roy Whinnery
4405:H. Guyford Stever
4387:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4350:George W. Housner
4345:Willis M. Hawkins
4340:Daniel C. Drucker
4322:Robert Byron Bird
4314:Bernard M. Oliver
4221:Peter C. Goldmark
4208:Wernher von Braun
4154:George E. Mueller
4127:Nathan M. Newmark
4122:J. Presper Eckert
4101:Claude E. Shannon
4070:Charles S. Draper
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
3986:Judith P. Klinman
3870:GĂĄbor A. Somorjai
3781:Isabella L. Karle
3768:George S. Hammond
3729:Gertrude B. Elion
3682:Rudolph A. Marcus
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3459:Ralph L. Brinster
3378:Torsten N. Wiesel
3355:Norman E. Borlaug
3342:Solomon H. Snyder
3337:J. Michael Bishop
3296:Mario R. Capecchi
3176:Salome G. Waelsch
3107:E. Donnall Thomas
2982:Theodor O. Diener
2881:Paul Alfred Weiss
2709:Bernard B. Brodie
2645:George G. Simpson
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2534:Michael I. Posner
2435:Eleanor J. Gibson
2387:George J. Stigler
2355:Neal Elgar Miller
2286:
2285:
2255:Bonnie L. Bassler
2208:Robert G. Bergman
2180:Charles M. Lieber
2076:Gabor A. Somorjai
2013:Alan R. Battersby
1989:David C. Phillips
1979:Elias James Corey
1973:Rudolph A. Marcus
1898:Laureates of the
1853:. Wolffund.org.il
1155:978-94-009-3781-9
1005:electron transfer
983:Othmer Gold Medal
904:Awards and honors
732:10.1021/ar970078t
609:10.1021/ja994472t
603:(18): 4532â4533.
580:10.1021/ja000017h
574:(34): 8187â8191.
510:Electron transfer
478:Beckman Institute
416:Harry Barkus Gray
413:
412:
376:
375:
337:Edward I. Solomon
332:Charles M. Lieber
322:Mark W. Grinstaff
224:Doctoral students
178:Scientific career
169:Othmer Gold Medal
108:Electron Transfer
55:November 14, 1935
45:Harry Barkus Gray
6476:
6277:Harry Smith
6272:Patricia Simpson
6182:Roy Jackson
6166:Peter Gavin Hall
6070:
6063:
6056:
6047:
6046:
5855:Gilbert F. White
5800:George Wetherill
5694:Allan M. Cormack
5652:Jack Steinberger
5632:D. Allan Bromley
5581:H. Richard Crane
5558:Frederick Reines
5548:Helmut Landsberg
5463:George Uhlenbeck
5364:Vladimir Haensel
5326:Allan R. Sandage
5297:Herbert C. Brown
5279:Herbert Friedman
5205:Leon M. Lederman
5177:Julian Schwinger
5156:
5155:
5145:
5144:
5114:Alexandre Chorin
5088:Richard A. Tapia
5069:David B. Mumford
4897:Alberto CalderĂłn
4842:Joseph B. Keller
4829:Michael Freedman
4798:Herman Goldstine
4652:H. Marston Morse
4626:
4625:
4615:
4614:
4554:Rudolf E. KĂĄlmĂĄn
4538:Robert S. Langer
4530:Jan D. Achenbach
4363:Herbert E. Grier
4114:Igor I. Sikorsky
4075:Othmar H. Ammann
4036:
4035:
4025:
4024:
3991:Jerrold Meinwald
3760:Norman Hackerman
3739:Glenn T. Seaborg
3654:William O. Baker
3582:F. Albert Cotton
3550:
3549:
3539:
3538:
3516:Mary-Claire King
3409:Bert W. O'Malley
3365:Thomas E. Starzl
3360:Phillip A. Sharp
3347:Charles Yanofsky
3329:Evelyn M. Witkin
3324:James E. Darnell
3150:Paul C. Zamecnik
3115:Mary Ellen Avery
3087:Herbert W. Boyer
3082:Baruj Benacerraf
3053:Joshua Lederberg
3043:Viktor Hamburger
3005:Michael S. Brown
2851:Robert H. Burris
2606:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2542:Mortimer Mishkin
2467:William K. Estes
2451:Roger N. Shepard
2443:Robert K. Merton
2427:George A. Miller
2374:Herbert A. Simon
2342:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2277:Jeffery W. Kelly
2202:Stuart Schreiber
2186:Robert S. Langer
2099:F. Albert Cotton
2030:Richard R. Ernst
1892:
1885:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1417:
1400:(9): 5002â5006.
1385:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1241:E&S Magazine
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1213:. Archived from
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1183:. Archived from
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1072:. Archived from
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1036:
898:
861:
824:
779:
745:
735:
714:
692:
682:
672:
639:
637:
628:(9): 1753â1764.
612:
594:
583:
565:
538:photosensitizers
399:
398:
390:
378:
377:
372:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
271:Mark S. Wrighton
256:Daniel G. Nocera
209:Doctoral advisor
172:
95:
81:
58:
54:
52:
33:
19:
18:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6370:
6328:
6314:Ian Wilson
6287:Martin Sweeting
6119:Peter Cresswell
6087:
6074:
6044:
6031:
6019:Sean C. Solomon
5981:
5933:Daniel Kleppner
5925:Lonnie Thompson
5920:Ralph A. Alpher
5886:W. Jason Morgan
5873:Charles Keeling
5863:Marvin L. Cohen
5830:
5813:John N. Bahcall
5808:Don L. Anderson
5774:Peter Goldreich
5727:Steven Weinberg
5679:
5609:Walter Elsasser
5586:Herman Feshbach
5500:
5438:Samuel Goudsmit
5430:Chien-Shiung Wu
5369:Frederick Seitz
5336:John A. Wheeler
5321:Robert H. Dicke
5306:
5169:Luis W. Alvarez
5150:
5131:
5119:David Blackwell
5073:
5024:Carl R. de Boor
4995:Karen Uhlenbeck
4975:
4929:Louis Nirenberg
4864:
4837:Ralph E. Gomory
4775:
4771:Donald E. Knuth
4758:Hassler Whitney
4696:
4620:
4601:
4566:
4498:Andreas Acrivos
4475:
4463:Eli Ruckenstein
4442:Hermann A. Haus
4413:Calvin F. Quate
4400:Luna B. Leopold
4367:
4258:
4244:Robert N. Noyce
4234:Emmett N. Leith
4193:Manson Benedict
4175:Rudolf Kompfner
4139:
4093:Warren K. Lewis
4030:
4011:
3945:
3907:Peter B. Dervan
3878:John I. Brauman
3837:
3789:Norman Davidson
3716:John D. Roberts
3691:
3659:Konrad E. Bloch
3605:Richard N. Zare
3567:
3544:
3525:
3482:Sallie Chisholm
3464:Rudolf Jaenisch
3444:
3427:J. Craig Venter
3386:Rita R. Colwell
3253:
3239:David Baltimore
3130:Robert W. Kates
3102:David G. Nathan
3097:Edward B. Lewis
3067:
3063:Harland G. Wood
3058:Roger W. Sperry
2913:Glenn W. Burton
2885:
2861:Arthur Kornberg
2828:Roger Guillemin
2805:Hallowell Davis
2769:Daniel I. Arnon
2761:Albert B. Sabin
2741:
2714:Detlev W. Bronk
2686:Harry F. Harlow
2681:Kenneth S. Cole
2668:William C. Rose
2640:Francis P. Rous
2600:
2581:
2546:
2526:Gordon H. Bower
2487:
2483:Robert M. Solow
2399:
2395:Milton Friedman
2359:
2336:
2325:
2317:
2287:
2282:
2233:
2228:John F. Hartwig
2176:Paul Alivisatos
2150:
2125:Richard N. Zare
2087:
2082:Raymond Lemieux
2034:Alexander Pines
2018:
1925:
1902:
1896:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
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1789:
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1763:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1710:
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1683:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1621:"People Briefs"
1619:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1601:. April 2, 1990
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
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1337:
1333:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1259:
1252:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1207:"Harry B. Gray"
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1140:
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1126:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1066:"Harry B. Gray"
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1029:
993:
988:
976:Alpha Chi Sigma
939:Priestley Medal
906:
901:
743:
726:(11): 755â763.
592:
563:
554:
542:protein folding
494:
452:Alpha Chi Sigma
428:
396:
381:External videos
358:
346:
342:Jonathan Wilker
299:
275:
251:Stephen L. Mayo
241:David M. Dooley
200:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
144:Priestley Medal
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
111:
106:
86:
82:
76:
70:Alma mater
65:
59:
56:
50:
48:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6482:
6472:
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6411:
6406:
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6386:
6385:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6345:Ronald Breslow
6342:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6225:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6156:Michel Goedert
6153:
6148:
6143:
6141:Michael Fasham
6138:
6133:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6088:
6073:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6050:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6021:
6016:
6014:Burton Richter
6011:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5967:Yakir Aharonov
5964:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5935:
5930:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5914:
5909:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5881:Richard Garwin
5878:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5845:Willis E. Lamb
5842:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5784:
5779:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5737:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5604:Philip Abelson
5601:
5598:
5596:Chen-Ning Yang
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5570:
5565:
5563:Bruno B. Rossi
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:Yoichiro Nambu
5517:
5512:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5331:John C. Slater
5328:
5323:
5318:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5218:Jacob Bjerknes
5215:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5160:
5152:
5151:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5045:
5042:
5037:
5034:
5029:
5026:
5021:
5018:
5016:James G. Glimm
5013:
5010:
5008:Elias M. Stein
5005:
5000:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4952:
4950:Shing-Tung Yau
4947:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4931:
4926:
4923:
4918:
4915:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4899:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4818:
4816:Antoni Zygmund
4813:
4808:
4805:
4803:Isadore Singer
4800:
4795:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4766:Joseph L. Doob
4763:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4747:
4745:George Dantzig
4742:
4737:
4735:John W. Backus
4732:
4729:
4724:
4721:
4716:
4713:
4711:Richard Brauer
4708:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4692:William Feller
4689:
4686:
4681:
4678:
4673:
4670:
4665:
4662:
4657:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4641:
4639:Norbert Wiener
4636:
4632:
4630:
4622:
4621:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4597:Thomas Kailath
4594:
4591:
4586:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4556:
4551:
4548:
4543:
4540:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4516:
4511:
4508:
4503:
4500:
4495:
4492:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4444:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4327:H. Bolton Seed
4324:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4278:Donald L. Katz
4275:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4249:Earl R. Parker
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4103:
4098:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4083:Hugh L. Dryden
4080:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3996:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3965:Peter J. Stang
3962:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3941:Marye Anne Fox
3938:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3896:
3894:Tobin J. Marks
3891:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3823:Stuart A. Rice
3820:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3755:Donald J. Cram
3752:
3749:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3724:Ronald Breslow
3721:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3666:
3664:Elias J. Corey
3661:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3623:Carl S. Marvel
3620:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3595:Roald Hoffmann
3592:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3511:Stanley Falkow
3508:
3505:
3503:Rakesh K. Jain
3500:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3306:Gene E. Likens
3303:
3298:
3293:
3291:George F. Bass
3288:
3283:
3280:
3275:
3273:Peter H. Raven
3270:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3197:Alexander Rich
3194:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3171:Daniel Nathans
3168:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3145:Folke K. Skoog
3142:
3137:
3135:Salvador Luria
3132:
3127:
3125:Elvin A. Kabat
3122:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Katherine Esau
3035:
3032:
3027:
3025:Eric R. Kandel
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2969:Joan A. Steitz
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2941:Berta Scharrer
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2908:Seymour Benzer
2905:
2902:
2900:Philip Handler
2897:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Erwin Chargaff
2784:
2782:Britton Chance
2779:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2732:Robert Huebner
2729:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2619:C. B. van Niel
2616:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2577:Albert Bandura
2574:
2571:
2569:Robert Axelrod
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2510:R. Duncan Luce
2507:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2459:Paul Samuelson
2456:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2419:Patrick Suppes
2416:
2414:Leonid Hurwicz
2411:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2266:
2252:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2205:
2198:K. C. Nicolaou
2195:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2166:Ching Wan Tang
2162:Stuart A. Rice
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2105:Henri B. Kagan
2102:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2069:
2059:
2052:Richard Lerner
2049:
2043:
2037:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2009:Duilio Arigoni
2006:
1999:Joshua Jortner
1996:
1986:
1976:
1970:
1956:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1849:Simply-Smart.
1841:
1809:
1783:
1761:
1730:
1704:
1693:(6): 586â591.
1677:
1663:
1647:"Harvey Prize"
1638:
1627:. July 9, 1990
1612:
1586:
1561:
1536:
1510:
1488:
1467:(6): 491â497.
1447:
1380:
1351:(4): 411â420.
1331:
1284:
1250:
1247:. May 6, 2015.
1228:
1198:
1168:
1154:
1134:
1109:
1087:
1057:
1030:
1028:
1025:
992:
989:
987:
986:
979:
972:
966:
960:
953:
947:
941:
935:
933:AIC Gold Medal
929:
923:
917:
910:
905:
902:
900:
899:
862:
825:
780:
754:(1): 537â561.
736:
715:
705:(1â2): 89â92.
693:
640:
613:
584:
555:
553:
550:
522:Jay R. Winkler
493:
490:
427:
424:
411:
410:
392:
391:
383:
382:
374:
373:
356:
352:
351:
348:
347:
345:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
307:Mahdi Abu-Omar
303:
298:
297:
292:
286:
281:
277:
276:
274:
273:
268:
266:Jay R. Winkler
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
227:
225:
221:
220:
211:
205:
204:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
174:
173:
139:AIC Gold Medal
120:
116:
115:
113:Photochemistry
101:
100:Known for
97:
96:
71:
67:
66:
60:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6481:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6409:Living people
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6350:Harry B. Gray
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6304:Paul Townsend
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Peter Somogyi
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6267:Janet Rossant
6265:
6263:
6262:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:Stuart Parkin
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6109:Brice Bosnich
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6081:Royal Society
6078:
6071:
6066:
6064:
6059:
6057:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5959:James E. Gunn
5957:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:Edward Witten
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5709:Roger Revelle
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5675:Henry Stommel
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:Eugene Parker
5663:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5525:Edward Teller
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:Lyman Spitzer
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:Hans A. Bethe
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5354:Maurice Ewing
5352:
5350:
5349:Carl Djerassi
5347:
5344:
5342:
5341:Saul Winstein
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Eugene Wigner
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:Paul Bartlett
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:Louis Hammett
5259:
5257:
5256:Gregory Breit
5254:
5252:
5251:Francis Birch
5249:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:William Rubey
5208:
5206:
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5198:
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5190:
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5185:
5183:
5180:
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5127:Michael Artin
5125:
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5112:
5109:
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5040:Bradley Efron
5038:
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5027:
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5022:
5019:
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5014:
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5009:
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4966:Felix Browder
4964:
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4959:
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4951:
4948:
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4942:Stephen Smale
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4908:
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4889:John McCarthy
4887:
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4660:Oscar Zariski
4658:
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4434:Ray W. Clough
4432:
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4426:Alfred Y. Cho
4424:
4421:
4419:
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4323:
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4307:
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4299:
4297:
4296:John G. Trump
4294:
4292:
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4271:
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4136:
4133:
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4120:
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4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Edwin H. Land
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
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4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4078:
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4057:Vannevar Bush
4055:
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4047:
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4033:
4026:
4022:
4008:
4005:
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4000:
3997:
3994:
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3989:
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3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:Allen J. Bard
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
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3928:JoAnne Stubbe
3926:
3924:
3923:Joanna Fowler
3921:
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3897:
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3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3833:Susan Solomon
3831:
3829:
3826:
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3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
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3677:Melvin Calvin
3675:
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3655:
3652:
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3626:
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3621:
3619:
3618:Yuan Tseh Lee
3616:
3614:
3613:Harry B. Gray
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Gilbert Stork
3585:
3583:
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3570:
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3522:
3519:
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3498:
3496:
3495:Bruce Alberts
3493:
3491:
3490:May Berenbaum
3488:
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3470:
3467:
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3407:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Lubert Stryer
3394:
3392:
3391:Nina Fedoroff
3389:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Anthony Fauci
3371:
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3343:
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3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Harold Varmus
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
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3279:
3276:
3274:
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3269:
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3256:
3250:
3249:Lynn Margulis
3247:
3245:
3244:Jared Diamond
3242:
3240:
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3216:
3214:
3211:
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3200:
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3184:Thomas Eisner
3182:
3179:
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3161:
3159:
3158:Maxine Singer
3156:
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3148:
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3141:
3140:Paul A. Marks
3138:
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2838:Efraim Racker
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2792:James V. Neel
2790:
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2704:Horace Barker
2702:
2699:
2697:
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2684:
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2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Sewall Wright
2671:
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2561:Anne Treisman
2559:
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2549:
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2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
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2518:Kenneth Arrow
2516:
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2500:
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2382:Anne Anastasi
2380:
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2240:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:Makoto Fujita
2215:
2214:Omar M. Yaghi
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:Chi-Huey Wong
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2145:Allen J. Bard
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:Harry B. Gray
2117:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:Gilbert Stork
2060:
2057:
2056:Peter Schultz
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:John S. Waugh
1964:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:Carl Djerassi
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1873:
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1852:
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1813:
1798:. 31 May 2016
1797:
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1708:
1700:
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1626:
1625:The Scientist
1622:
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1600:
1599:The Scientist
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1071:
1067:
1061:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1007:in proteins.
1006:
1002:
998:
984:
980:
977:
973:
971:
967:
965:
961:
958:
954:
952:
951:Royal Society
948:
946:
942:
940:
936:
934:
930:
928:
924:
922:
918:
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912:
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531:
527:
523:
518:
513:
511:
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499:
489:
485:
483:
482:Infosys Prize
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
448:Ralph Pearson
445:
441:
437:
433:
423:
421:
417:
409:
405:
404:
393:
389:
384:
379:
371:
370:/harry-b-gray
357:
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349:
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335:
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318:
315:
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312:Alison Butler
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218:Ralph Pearson
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93:
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85:
79:
75:
72:
68:
63:
57:(age 88)
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
6349:
6324:Adrian Wyatt
6291:
6259:
6227:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6136:Warren Ewens
6128:
6124:Alan Davison
6104:James Binney
6099:Michael Akam
6001:Sandra Faber
5996:Sidney Drell
5826:Leo Kadanoff
5821:James Cronin
5769:Hans Dehmelt
5704:Robert Pound
5670:Robert Sharp
5486:John Sinfelt
5453:Verner Suomi
5420:Lewis Sarett
5284:Lars Onsager
5228:Henry Eyring
5195:John Bardeen
4937:Richard Karp
4905:Allen Newell
4684:Jerzy Neyman
4309:Tung-Yen Lin
4286:Bill Hewlett
4216:Morris Cohen
3810:John W. Cahn
3711:Karl Folkers
3612:
3472:Lucy Shapiro
3422:Elaine Fuchs
3301:Ann Graybiel
3231:Janet Rowley
3213:James Watson
3205:Ruth Patrick
3048:Philip Leder
2918:Mildred Cohn
2866:Severo Ochoa
2843:E. O. Wilson
2273:Hiroaki Suga
2135:George Feher
2118:
2109:RyĆji Noyori
2072:Gerhard Ertl
2046:Ahmed Zewail
1943:Joseph Chatt
1937:Henry Eyring
1857:February 14,
1855:. Retrieved
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978:Hall of Fame
959:in Chemistry
945:Harvey Prize
921:Tolman Award
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317:Che Chi-ming
300:
295:Liviu Mirica
290:Nathan Lewis
283:
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231:Harold Basch
194:Institutions
177:
149:Harvey Prize
129:Tolman Award
35:Gray in 2013
6404:1935 births
6383:John Maddox
6151:Chris Frith
5954:Berni Alder
5761:Frank Press
5642:Walter Kohn
5619:George Pake
5553:Walter Munk
5476:Herman Mark
5458:Henry Taube
5246:Jesse Beams
5200:Peter Debye
5182:Harold Urey
5106:Barry Mazur
4668:John Milnor
4562:Amnon Yariv
4506:Leo Beranek
4332:Ernst Weber
4185:Abel Wolman
3776:Thomas Cech
3706:Elkan Blout
3646:Max Tishler
3563:Roger Adams
3521:Simon Levin
2987:Harry Eagle
2810:Paul Gyorgy
2502:Gary Becker
1920:Herman Mark
1754:October 25,
1723:October 25,
1656:October 25,
1631:October 25,
1605:October 25,
1579:October 25,
1554:October 25,
1529:October 25,
1525:. 1979â1980
1503:January 18,
1277:October 25,
1221:October 25,
1191:October 25,
1161:October 25,
1127:October 25,
1080:October 25,
970:Welch Award
444:Fred Basolo
284:Undergrads:
214:Fred Basolo
164:Welch Award
6398:Categories
6355:Erwin Hahn
6299:James Till
5748:Vera Rubin
5387:Paul Flory
5048:Hyman Bass
4921:John Cocke
4824:Raoul Bott
4727:Kurt Gödel
4719:John Tukey
4676:Paul Cohen
4291:George Low
4254:Simon Ramo
3477:Leroy Hood
3278:Carl Woese
3226:Bruce Ames
2737:Ernst Mayr
2249:Meir Lahav
2131:Ada Yonath
2040:John Pople
1993:David Blow
1027:References
991:Wolf Prize
506:biophysics
301:Post-docs:
51:1935-11-14
23:Harry Gray
5743:Val Fitch
4811:Peter Lax
4581:Shu Chien
3828:John Ross
3543:Chemistry
2931:Paul Berg
2323:laureates
1802:March 22,
1013:chemistry
188:Chemistry
110:chemistry
6375:Honorary
6083:elected
5722:Ed Stone
2719:Jay Lush
2269:Chuan He
2137:(2006/7)
2068:(1995/6)
2058:(1994/5)
1975:(1984/5)
1969:(1983/4)
1750:(212): 8
1651:Technion
1442:11296248
1375:26537399
821:24879221
776:18469372
689:10557259
492:Research
368:/content
364:.caltech
6333:Foreign
6092:Fellows
6085:in 2000
6079:of the
6077:Fellows
1523:SCALACS
1483:8807879
1424:3055554
1402:Bibcode
1366:4793975
1326:1656523
1306:Bibcode
1298:Science
1017:biology
895:8191283
875:Bibcode
867:Science
858:7792598
838:Bibcode
830:Science
813:8599112
793:Bibcode
785:Science
768:8811189
657:Bibcode
530:azurins
524:of the
355:Website
94:(1960)
80:(1957)
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2251:(2021)
2230:(2019)
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426:Career
184:Fields
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136:(1986)
131:(1979)
126:(1970)
119:Awards
64:, U.S.
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1821:(PDF)
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1420:JSTOR
981:2013
968:2009
962:2004
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937:1992
931:1990
925:1986
919:1979
913:1970
817:S2CID
772:S2CID
744:(PDF)
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593:(PDF)
564:(PDF)
517:redox
92:D.Sc.
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