2592:
47:
1041:
Prior to 2002, at least seven different naming systems for the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree were used within academic literature, leading to considerable confusion. To resolve this, in 2002, major research groups collaborated to form the Y-Chromosome
Consortium (YCC). This resulted in a joint paper
1914:
Haber, Marc; Platt, Daniel E.; Bonab, Maziar
Ashrafian; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; MartĂnez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris
3251:
K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik
1866:
Nagle, Nano; Ballantyne, Kaye N.; van Oven, Mannis; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Taylor, Duncan; Wilcox, Stephen; Wilcox, Leah; Turkalov, Rust; van
Oorschot, Roland A.H.; McAllister, Peter; Williams, Lesley; Kayser, Manfred; Mitchell, Robert J.; The Genographic Consortium (2016).
2071:
Kayser, Manfred; Brauer, Silke; Cordaux, Richard; Casto, Amanda; Lao, Oscar; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Moyse-Faurie, Claire; Rutledge, Robb B.; Schiefenhoevel, Wulf; Gil, David; Lin, Alice A.; Underhill, Peter A.; Oefner, Peter J.; Trent, Ronald J.; Stoneking, Mark (2006).
1042:
publication that contained a single new tree as a standard to use by the scientific community. Later, another group of scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy worked to continually improve the naming system.
1045:
The table below brings together the nomenclature used in
Haplogroup M studies, prior to the landmark 2002 YCC Tree, enabling researchers reviewing older literature to quickly convert between the different nomenclatures that were in use.
1586:. Before the discovery of the P256 marker, the current subgroup M-M4 (defined by the M4 marker) previously represented the whole of Haplogroup M-P256; and subgroups M2 and M3 were formerly classed as subgroups K1 and K7 of the parent
1982:
Karafet, Tatiana M; Lansing, J. S; Redd, Alan J; Watkins, Joseph C; Surata, S. P. K; Arthawiguna, W. A; Mayer, Laura; Bamshad, Michael; Jorde, Lynn B; Hammer, Michael F (2005).
2359:
Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The
Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective",
3087:
2539:
2695:
1984:"Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders"
1725:
Kayser, Manfred; Brauer, Silke; Weiss, Gunter; Schiefenhövel, Wulf; Underhill, Peter; Shen, Peidong; Oefner, Peter; Tommaseo-Ponzetta, Mila; Stoneking, Mark (2003).
440:, Afghanistan, with M1 (among a sample of 60 males from the mentioned area). The Hazara individual carried the SNP M186 (which is believed to be equivalent to M4).
2685:
1616:
Scheinfeldt, Laura; Friedlaender, Françoise; Friedlaender, Jonathan; Latham, Krista; Koki, George; Karafet, Tatyana; Hammer, Michael; Lorenz, Joseph (2006-06-05).
3114:
Van Oven M, Van
Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".
2782:
2765:
2440:
Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations".
2773:
2529:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2121:"Y-chromosome diversity is inversely associated with language affiliation in paired Austronesian- and Papuan-speaking communities from Solomon Islands"
1666:
3041:
3036:
2476:
1036:
341:
1785:
Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Meilerman, Monica B.; Underhill, Peter A.; Zegura, Stephen L.; Hammer, Michael F. (2008-05-01).
2032:
Kayser, M.; Choi, Y.; van Oven, M.; Mona, S.; Brauer, S.; Trent, R. J.; Suarkia, D.; Schiefenhovel, W.; Stoneking, M. (2008-04-03).
2281:"Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages"
2034:"The Impact of the Austronesian Expansion: Evidence from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia"
3092:
353:
17:
2173:"A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania"
2576:
2534:
2509:
110:
3311:
1024:
872:
748:
3233:
Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as
Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
2566:
2481:
3279:
Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name
Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
2397:"Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age"
3288:
Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name
Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
1680:
and
Michael F. Hammer, "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia",
2544:
2171:
Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001).
897:
Alternative names previously used within peer-reviewed literature for the M2a subclade are listed below.
2073:
428:(Australia): up to 2.0% – i.e. 0.9% of samples, when 45% of the total were deemed to be "non-indigenous"
2279:
Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001).
1727:"Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea"
1515:
The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.
2216:
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001).
1787:"New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree"
709:
2755:
713:
2074:"Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific"
2958:
425:
153:
114:
82:
2947:
2939:
2679:
137:
3189:
F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
2316:"Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes"
3009:
2855:
1917:"Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events"
688:
M1b M-P87(xM104/P22) has been found in approximately 18% (20/109) of a pool of samples from
432:
An extreme geographical outlier was apparently identified in a 2012 study, which reported a
3048:
2967:
2902:
2846:
2831:
2817:
2738:
2710:
2368:
1928:
1587:
728:
689:
31:
2234:
2217:
8:
2559:
2514:
2120:
2033:
1868:
1016:
883:
732:
727:
The subclade M1b1 (M104_1/P22_1, M104_2/P22_2) is found frequently in populations of the
717:
371:
121:
2605:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2372:
1932:
1617:
3139:
2977:
2651:
2634:
2423:
2396:
2342:
2315:
2199:
2172:
1959:
1916:
1819:
1677:
1671:
697:
555:
3156:
2314:
Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001).
2264:
1759:
1726:
30:
This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. For the human mtDNA haplogroup, see
3208:
3131:
3069:
3064:
3055:
2989:
2909:
2880:
2840:
2798:
2750:
2668:
2494:
2457:
2428:
2395:
Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999).
2384:
2347:
2302:
2268:
2239:
2204:
2148:
2140:
2101:
2093:
2053:
2011:
2003:
1964:
1946:
1896:
1888:
1824:
1806:
1764:
1746:
1645:
1637:
413:
149:
3143:
3123:
3031:
2789:
2743:
2449:
2418:
2408:
2376:
2337:
2327:
2292:
2260:
2229:
2194:
2184:
2132:
2085:
2045:
1995:
1954:
1936:
1880:
1814:
1798:
1754:
1738:
1629:
887:
879:
721:
571:
394:
125:
2380:
2803:
1941:
891:
693:
1583:
3019:
2812:
2645:
2552:
878:
The subclade M2a (M-M177, also referred to as M-SRY9138) has been found in one
705:
563:
437:
419:
388:
359:
289:
1582:
Karafet's 2008 paper introduced a number of changes, compared to the previous
3305:
3264:
3212:
2894:
2888:
2874:
2863:
2826:
2729:
2724:
2715:
2701:
2662:
2144:
2097:
2057:
2007:
1950:
1892:
1810:
1750:
1641:
567:
384:
117:, and is believed to have first appeared between 32,000 to 47,000 years ago.
2297:
2280:
2251:
Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes",
2089:
2049:
1842:
1786:
1633:
554:
M1a (M-P34) is the most frequently occurring Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in
3135:
2574:
2461:
2432:
2388:
2351:
2306:
2272:
2243:
2208:
2152:
2105:
2015:
1968:
1900:
1828:
1768:
1649:
407:
365:
1999:
1615:
1012:
701:
3171:
Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
3127:
2499:
2136:
1884:
1802:
736:
330:
318:
255:
71:
3257:
3211:
was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to
1983:
3268:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree"
2519:
2504:
559:
347:
334:
326:
322:
293:
152:
of haplogroup subclades is based primarily on the trees published by
133:
129:
46:
3224:
Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
2524:
2413:
2332:
2189:
1742:
558:. It is also found with moderate frequency in neighboring parts of
120:
M-P256 is the most frequently occurring Y-chromosome haplogroup in
65:
3113:
2453:
1865:
1618:"Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia"
1869:"Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y -chromosomes"
433:
1784:
259:
2218:"Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity"
1724:
752:
744:
128:. In addition, M-P256 is also found in neighboring parts of
2540:
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
1020:
868:
740:
3157:
International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),
3198:
Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
1981:
2070:
2250:
1913:
1523:
325:, with a moderate distribution in neighboring parts of
2031:
1011:
M3 (P117, P118) is found frequently in populations of
700:, approximately 5% (19/395) of a pool of samples from
2530:
Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
254:
The paragroup M-P256* is found at low incidences in
27:
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in New Guinea
1665:Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox,
720:, and another individual from the north coast of
3303:
2163:
1030:
1015:, and is also observed occasionally in northern
2118:
3270:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
1661:
1659:
2560:
1037:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
704:(and, in particular, in about 24% (15/63) of
2119:Cox, Murray P.; MirazĂłn Lahr, Marta (2006).
3242:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
3107:
1656:
2567:
2553:
2278:
1684:, (2010), vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1833-1844.
1527:
692:, approximately 12% (5/43) of a sample of
168:(M4, M5/P73, M106, M186, M189, M296, P35)
45:
3150:
2439:
2422:
2412:
2341:
2331:
2296:
2233:
2198:
2188:
1958:
1940:
1873:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1818:
1758:
1535:
143:
3183:
3180:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
3245:
2313:
2170:
1575:
1551:
311:M4, M5/P73, M106, M186, M189, M296, P35
113:. M-P256 is a descendant haplogroup of
14:
3304:
2401:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2358:
2320:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2215:
2177:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1731:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1559:
1543:
2548:
2235:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
882:individual from the eastern coast of
3227:
3165:
3093:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people
3068:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2987:
2975:
2973:
2964:
2956:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2861:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2825:
2816:
2811:
2802:
2797:
2761:
2747:
2630:
2585:
2027:
2025:
1780:
1778:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
174:(P34_1, P34_2, P34_3, P34_4, P34_5)
3218:
2735:
2675:
2658:
24:
3201:
3192:
3174:
2394:
2285:European Journal of Human Genetics
1567:
867:M2 is found at a low frequency in
735:, with a moderate distribution in
317:This group is found frequently in
25:
3323:
3282:
3273:
3236:
3162:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
2535:Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
2510:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
2470:
2125:American Journal of Human Biology
2022:
1775:
1687:
1600:
2590:
3215:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
2222:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2112:
2078:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2064:
2038:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1843:"ISOGG 2018 Y-DNA Haplogroup M"
1622:Molecular Biology and Evolution
249:
244:
1975:
1907:
1859:
1835:
1682:Molecular Biological Evolution
1006:
862:
683:
574:, including offshore islands.
549:
13:
1:
2381:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155
2265:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6
2164:Sources for conversion tables
1593:
1031:Previous phylogenetic history
594:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000
460:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000
200:(M104_1/P22_1, M104_2/P22_2)
2577:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
1942:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288
1524:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
917:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000
773:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000
265:
7:
2627:
2575:Phylogenetic tree of human
2488:
907:
902:
886:and in one individual from
765:
760:
156:in 2008 and ISOGG in 2016.
111:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
10:
3328:
3159:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015
3061:
3028:
2985:
2954:
2945:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2871:
2837:
2823:
2809:
2795:
2779:
2763:
2632:
1034:
29:
3082:
2860:
2853:
2787:
2770:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2737:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2667:
2660:
2650:
2643:
2641:
2625:
2599:This article needs to be
2583:
1053:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)
904:Old names (YCC 2002/2008)
762:Old names (YCC 2002/2008)
716:individual from northern
583:Old names (YCC 2002/2008)
449:Old names (YCC 2002/2008)
307:
299:
285:
277:
272:
88:
78:
61:
53:
44:
39:
286:Possible place of origin
109:(previously K2b1d) is a
62:Possible place of origin
3312:Human Y-DNA haplogroups
3207:Between 2002 and 2008,
2298:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597
426:Torres Strait Islanders
278:Possible time of origin
54:Possible time of origin
2477:Spread of Haplogroup M
712:), in addition to one
144:Phylogenetic structure
138:indigenous Australians
57:32,000-47,000 years BP
2090:10.1093/molbev/msl093
2050:10.1093/molbev/msn078
2000:10.1353/hub.2005.0030
1634:10.1093/molbev/msl028
674:YCC 2010r (Longhand)
540:YCC 2010r (Longhand)
1108:YCC 2010r (Longhand)
997:YCC 2010r (Longhand)
853:YCC 2010r (Longhand)
729:Bismarck Archipelago
666:YCC 2008 (Longhand)
658:YCC 2005 (Longhand)
650:YCC 2002 (Longhand)
532:YCC 2008 (Longhand)
524:YCC 2005 (Longhand)
516:YCC 2002 (Longhand)
376:Lowlands/coast 77.5%
32:Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
18:Haplogroup M (Y-DNA)
3088:Y-DNA by population
3003:
2515:Molecular phylogeny
2482:National Geographic
2373:2000Sci...290.1155S
1933:2012PLoSO...734288H
1450:K-SRY9138/M-SRY9138
1103:YCC 2008 (Longhand)
1098:YCC 2005 (Longhand)
1093:YCC 2002 (Longhand)
989:YCC 2008 (Longhand)
981:YCC 2005 (Longhand)
973:YCC 2002 (Longhand)
909:K-SRY9138/M-SRY9138
845:YCC 2008 (Longhand)
837:YCC 2005 (Longhand)
829:YCC 2002 (Longhand)
733:Bougainville Island
578:
444:
68:(eastern Indonesia)
3128:10.1002/humu.22468
2854:
2635:Y-chromosomal Adam
2253:Trends in Genetics
2137:10.1002/ajhb.20459
1885:10.1002/ajpa.22886
1803:10.1101/gr.7172008
1678:J. Stephen Lansing
577:
556:Western New Guinea
443:
308:Defining mutations
89:Defining mutations
3299:
3298:
3261:, 2017, "K-M2335"
3259:YFull YTree v5.08
3209:Haplogroup T-M184
3077:
3076:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2993:
2981:
2970:
2962:
2950:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2866:
2785:
2777:
2768:
2698:
2682:
2665:
2648:
2620:
2619:
2495:Genetic genealogy
2084:(11): 2234–2244.
1508:
1507:
1004:
1003:
860:
859:
681:
680:
570:) and throughout
547:
546:
414:Trobriand Islands
410:(New Britain) 31%
315:
314:
150:phylogenetic tree
96:
95:
40:Haplogroup M-P256
16:(Redirected from
3319:
3289:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3216:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3163:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3111:
3018:
3008:
2996:
2988:
2976:
2966:
2957:
2946:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2862:
2781:
2772:
2764:
2694:
2678:
2661:
2644:
2628:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2465:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2407:(6): 1718–1724.
2391:
2367:(5494): 1155–9,
2355:
2345:
2335:
2310:
2300:
2275:
2247:
2237:
2228:(7): 1189–1203.
2212:
2202:
2192:
2157:
2156:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2044:(7): 1362–1374.
2029:
2020:
2019:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1944:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1722:
1685:
1675:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1628:(8): 1628–1641.
1613:
1049:
1048:
900:
899:
888:Malaita Province
758:
757:
722:Papua New Guinea
710:East New Britain
579:
576:
572:Papua New Guinea
445:
442:
436:individual from
395:Papua New Guinea
270:
269:
126:Papua New Guinea
107:Haplogroup K2b1b
49:
37:
36:
21:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3155:
3151:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3078:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2595:
2591:
2579:
2573:
2491:
2473:
2468:
2442:Nature Genetics
2166:
2161:
2160:
2117:
2113:
2069:
2065:
2030:
2023:
1980:
1976:
1912:
1908:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1791:Genome Research
1783:
1776:
1723:
1688:
1676:, Sean Downey,
1669:
1667:Herawati Sudoyo
1664:
1657:
1614:
1601:
1596:
1584:2006 ISOGG tree
1580:
1528:Kaladjieva 2001
1039:
1033:
1009:
910:
892:Solomon Islands
865:
686:
602:Underhill 2000
552:
468:Underhill 2000
402:Highlands 35.5%
379:Highlands 74.5%
281:8,200 years BP
273:Haplogroup M-M4
268:
252:
247:
146:
115:Haplogroup K2b1
69:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3149:
3116:Human Mutation
3105:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3004:
2994:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2972:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2859:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2778:
2769:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2598:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2472:
2471:External links
2469:
2467:
2466:
2448:(3): 358–361.
2437:
2414:10.1086/302680
2392:
2356:
2333:10.1086/323299
2326:(3): 615–628.
2311:
2276:
2248:
2213:
2190:10.1086/318205
2183:(2): 432–443.
2167:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2111:
2063:
2021:
1974:
1915:(2012-03-28).
1906:
1879:(3): 367–381.
1858:
1834:
1797:(5): 830–838.
1774:
1743:10.1086/346065
1737:(2): 281–302.
1686:
1655:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1536:Underhill 2000
1530:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1035:Main article:
1032:
1029:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
990:
986:
985:
982:
978:
977:
974:
970:
969:
966:
962:
961:
958:
954:
953:
950:
946:
945:
942:
938:
937:
934:
930:
929:
926:
925:Underhill 2000
922:
921:
918:
914:
913:
906:
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
850:
849:
846:
842:
841:
838:
834:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
818:
817:
814:
810:
809:
806:
802:
801:
798:
794:
793:
790:
786:
785:
782:
781:Underhill 2000
778:
777:
774:
770:
769:
764:
685:
682:
679:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:
663:
662:
659:
655:
654:
651:
647:
646:
643:
639:
638:
635:
631:
630:
627:
623:
622:
619:
615:
614:
611:
607:
606:
603:
599:
598:
595:
591:
590:
585:
551:
548:
545:
544:
541:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:
525:
521:
520:
517:
513:
512:
509:
505:
504:
501:
497:
496:
493:
489:
488:
485:
481:
480:
477:
473:
472:
469:
465:
464:
461:
457:
456:
451:
438:Mazar-e Sharif
430:
429:
423:
422:(Moluccas) 21%
417:
411:
405:
404:
403:
400:
392:
382:
381:
380:
377:
369:
363:
357:
351:
345:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
297:
296:
290:Southeast Asia
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
267:
264:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
233:
232:
231:
230:(M177/SRY9138)
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
214:
213:
207:
189:
188:
187:
181:
145:
142:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3324:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3285:
3276:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:(2): 187–91.
3121:
3117:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2969:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2865:
2857:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2784:
2775:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2611:February 2021
2602:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:10.1038/81685
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2291:(2): 97–104.
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:(8): 356–62,
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1994:(1): 93–114.
1993:
1989:
1988:Human Biology
1985:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:(3): e34288.
1926:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
971:
967:
964:
963:
959:
956:
955:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
939:
935:
932:
931:
927:
924:
923:
919:
916:
915:
912:
905:
901:
898:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
811:
807:
804:
803:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
787:
783:
780:
779:
775:
772:
771:
768:
763:
759:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
664:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
648:
644:
642:Capelli 2001
641:
640:
636:
633:
632:
628:
625:
624:
620:
618:Karafet 2001
617:
616:
612:
609:
608:
604:
601:
600:
596:
593:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
575:
573:
569:
568:Nusa Tenggara
565:
561:
557:
542:
539:
538:
534:
531:
530:
526:
523:
522:
518:
515:
514:
510:
508:Capelli 2001
507:
506:
502:
499:
498:
494:
491:
490:
486:
484:Karafet 2001
483:
482:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
466:
462:
459:
458:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
441:
439:
435:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
401:
398:
397:
396:
393:
390:
386:
383:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:
291:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
263:
261:
257:
237:
234:
229:
226:
225:
224:(M353, M387)
223:
220:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
199:
196:
195:
193:
190:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
173:
170:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:
155:
151:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
73:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3284:
3275:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3203:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3152:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3100:
2998:
2965:
2908:
2608:
2600:
2480:
2445:
2441:
2404:
2400:
2364:
2360:
2323:
2319:
2288:
2284:
2256:
2252:
2225:
2221:
2180:
2176:
2131:(1): 35–50.
2128:
2124:
2114:
2081:
2077:
2066:
2041:
2037:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1924:
1920:
1909:
1876:
1872:
1861:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:
1837:
1794:
1790:
1734:
1730:
1681:
1625:
1621:
1588:Haplogroup K
1581:
1576:Capelli 2001
1572:
1564:
1556:
1552:Karafet 2001
1548:
1540:
1532:
1520:
1514:
1272:M-P22/M-M104
1271:
1210:
1149:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1017:Bougainville
1010:
965:Capelli 2001
941:Karafet 2001
908:
903:
896:
884:Bougainville
877:
866:
821:Capelli 2001
797:Karafet 2001
766:
761:
726:
718:Bougainville
687:
626:Semino 2000
610:Hammer 2001
587:
582:
553:
492:Semino 2000
476:Hammer 2001
453:
448:
431:
316:
253:
250:M* (M-P256*)
245:Distribution
238:(P117, P118)
235:
227:
221:
209:
203:
197:
191:
183:
177:
171:
165:
160:
147:
124:and western
119:
106:
102:
99:Haplogroup M
98:
97:
1670: [
1560:Semino 2000
1544:Hammer 2001
1025:East Futuna
1013:New Britain
1007:M3 (M-P117)
949:Semino 2000
933:Hammer 2001
873:East Futuna
863:M2 (M-M353)
805:Semino 2000
789:Hammer 2001
749:East Futuna
702:New Britain
698:New Hanover
690:New Ireland
684:M1b (M-P87)
550:M1a (M-P34)
258:(6.3%) and
2500:Haplogroup
1852:2024-09-18
1594:References
1143:ISOGG 2012
1138:ISOGG 2011
1133:ISOGG 2010
1128:ISOGG 2009
1123:ISOGG 2008
1118:ISOGG 2007
1113:ISOGG 2006
911:AKA M-M177
737:New Guinea
372:West Papua
331:Micronesia
319:New Guinea
256:New Guinea
122:West Papua
72:New Guinea
3266:PhyloTree
3101:Footnotes
2520:Paragroup
2505:Haplotype
2145:1042-0533
2098:1537-1719
2058:0737-4038
2008:1534-6617
1951:1932-6203
1893:0002-9483
1847:isogg.org
1811:1088-9051
1751:0002-9297
1642:1537-1719
560:Indonesia
399:Coast 29%
348:Ketengban
335:Polynesia
327:Indonesia
323:Melanesia
294:Melanesia
266:M1 (M-M4)
161:M* (P256)
134:Indonesia
130:Melanesia
3306:Category
3263:, and;
3254:op. cit.
3144:23291764
3136:24166809
2774:F-Y27277
2525:Subclade
2489:See also
2462:11062480
2433:10577926
2389:11073453
2352:11481588
2307:11313742
2273:10904265
2244:11420360
2209:11170891
2153:16378340
2106:16923821
2016:16114819
1969:22470552
1921:PLOS ONE
1901:26515539
1829:18385274
1769:12532283
1650:16754639
694:Lavongai
634:Su 1999
500:Su 1999
300:Ancestor
262:(2.5%).
79:Ancestor
66:Wallacea
2978:K-M2313
2971:
2912:
2897:
2883:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2671:
2654:
2601:updated
2479:, from
2424:1288383
2369:Bibcode
2361:Science
2343:1235490
2200:1235276
1960:3314501
1929:Bibcode
1820:2336805
1568:Su 1999
1511:Sources
957:Su 1999
890:of the
813:Su 1999
706:Baining
389:Korowai
3213:K-M526
3142:
3134:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2980:
2961:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2460:
2431:
2421:
2387:
2350:
2340:
2305:
2271:
2242:
2207:
2197:
2151:
2143:
2104:
2096:
2056:
2014:
2006:
1967:
1957:
1949:
1899:
1891:
1827:
1817:
1809:
1767:
1760:379223
1757:
1749:
1648:
1640:
1023:, and
880:Nasioi
751:, and
714:Saposa
564:Maluku
434:Hazara
420:Maluku
385:Kombai
333:, and
303:M-P256
260:Flores
194:(P87)
103:M-P256
101:, AKA
74:
3140:S2CID
2790:GHIJK
1674:]
1424:M1b1b
1421:M1b1b
1391:M-M83
1365:M1b1a
1362:M1b1a
1332:M-M16
1211:M-P34
952:Eu16
928:VIII
856:M1b1
848:M1b1
808:Eu16
784:VIII
767:M-P22
753:Samoa
745:Tonga
708:from
696:from
629:Eu16
605:VIII
588:M-P34
495:Eu16
471:VIII
408:Tolai
366:Asmat
360:Citak
212:(M83)
210:M1b1b
206:(M16)
204:M1b1a
186:(P94)
180:(P51)
148:This
3132:PMID
2959:K2b1
2804:HIJK
2696:A1b1
2652:A0-T
2458:PMID
2429:PMID
2385:PMID
2348:PMID
2303:PMID
2269:PMID
2240:PMID
2205:PMID
2149:PMID
2141:ISSN
2102:PMID
2094:ISSN
2054:ISSN
2012:PMID
2004:ISSN
1965:PMID
1947:ISSN
1897:PMID
1889:ISSN
1825:PMID
1807:ISSN
1765:PMID
1747:ISSN
1646:PMID
1638:ISSN
1526:and
1465:Eu16
1456:VIII
1418:M2a2
1406:Eu16
1397:VIII
1359:M2a1
1347:Eu16
1338:VIII
1306:M1b1
1303:M1b1
1288:Eu16
1279:VIII
1227:Eu16
1218:VIII
1166:Eu16
1157:VIII
1021:Fiji
1000:M2a
992:M2a
871:and
869:Fiji
840:M2a
832:M2*
816:H17
741:Fiji
731:and
677:M1a
669:M1a
637:H17
503:H17
454:M-M4
356:100%
354:Awyu
350:100%
344:100%
321:and
198:M1b1
184:M1a2
178:M1a1
136:and
105:and
92:P256
83:K2b1
3124:doi
3042:P1a
3037:P1b
3032:P1c
3020:NO1
2948:K2a
2940:K2b
2933:K2c
2926:K2d
2919:K2e
2813:IJK
2686:A1b
2680:A1a
2646:A00
2450:doi
2419:PMC
2409:doi
2377:doi
2365:290
2338:PMC
2328:doi
2293:doi
2261:doi
2230:doi
2195:PMC
2185:doi
2133:doi
2086:doi
2046:doi
1996:doi
1955:PMC
1937:doi
1881:doi
1877:159
1815:PMC
1799:doi
1755:PMC
1739:doi
1630:doi
1483:M2a
1480:M2a
1415:M2b
1409:H17
1356:M2a
1350:H17
1300:M2a
1297:M2*
1291:H17
1245:M1a
1242:M1a
1230:H17
1169:H17
1088:(η)
1083:(ζ)
1078:(ε)
1073:(δ)
1068:(Îł)
1063:(β)
1058:(α)
984:K1
976:K1
960:H5
944:25
936:1E
920:23
800:38
792:1U
776:24
661:M1
653:M1
621:37
613:1U
597:24
543:M1
535:M1
519:M*
487:37
479:1U
463:24
416:30%
391:46%
368:75%
362:86%
342:Una
228:M2a
192:M1b
172:M1a
154:YCC
70:or
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3256:;
3138:.
3130:.
3120:35
3118:.
3010:P1
2895:J2
2889:J1
2881:I2
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2864:K2
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2783:F3
2766:F1
2730:CF
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1181:M1
1175:M*
1163:37
1160:1U
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1150:M4
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