1504:
1528:
711:
704:
697:
683:
662:
613:
606:
676:
599:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
690:
669:
655:
648:
641:
634:
627:
620:
592:
585:
579:
409:. At first it performed well, but only until it ran into transitions, that is, points in the game when the balance between the players changed. This led Berliner to conclude that HiTech was weak in board evaluation. He decided that to explore the problem, he should write an evaluation function for another game:
926:
15... Bxf3 16. Bxf3 Qxd4+ 17. Kh1 Bxg3 18. hxg3 Rb6 19. d3 Ne3 20. Bxe3 Qxe3 21. Bg4 h5 22. Bh3 g5 23. Nd2 g4 24. Nc4 Qxg3 25. Nxb6 gxh3 26. Qf3 hxg2+ 27. Qxg2 Qxg2+ 28. Kxg2 cxb6 29. Rf1 Ke7 30. Re1+ Kd6 31. Rf1 Rc8 32. Rxf7 Rc7 33. Rf2 Ke5 34. a4 Kd4 35. a5 Kxd3 36. Rf3+ Kc2 37. b4 b5 38. a6 Rc4
339:
won. The last three times
Berliner played in the U.S. Championship, Fischer won the tournament. In 1957â58 at New York, Berliner had his best result, 5th place with 7/13. In 1960â61 at New York, he scored 4½/11, tying for 8thâ10th place. Finally in 1962â63 at New York, he scored 5/11 for a tied
284:, where he is described as "an extremely brilliant boy", with "a brilliant mathematical mind". "I shall always remember his face, dark and trembling, his aquiline nose and deep-set, bright eyes with their great sadness, the sensitivity of his hands..."
1480:
352:, beginning the final game on April 1, 1965, and finishing three years later. He won with the score of 14/16 (twelve wins, four draws), a margin of victory of three points, thrice that of any other winner in these championships.
1625:
425:. It won the match 7â1, becoming the first computer program to defeat a world champion in any game. Berliner states that the victory was largely a matter of luck, as the computer received more favorable dice rolls.
1620:
451:
374:
of any player in the United States, at 2726, 84 points above the second-highest rated player. Berliner's 2726 rating placed him third on the ICCF's world list, behind
1265:
417:. Early versions of BKG played badly even against poor players, but Berliner noticed that its critical mistakes were always at transitions. He applied principles of
300:
at the New York State
Championship. He also won the 1953 New York State Championship (the first win by a non-New Yorker), the 1956 Eastern States Open directed by
348:
Berliner is remembered most for his feats in correspondence play, in which games played by mail can take months or even years to complete. He won the 5th
1000:
250:
93:
1580:
1466:
367:
128:
111:
1605:
1600:
1575:
1570:
421:
to smooth out the transition between phases, and by July 1979, BKG 9.8 was strong enough to play against the ruling world champion
947:
439:
level. It won the
Pennsylvania State Chess Championship several times. Students who worked with Berliner on the project included
349:
277:
persecution, taking up residence in
Washington, D.C. He learned chess at age 13, and "it quickly became his main preoccupation."
101:
269:
Berliner was born
January 27, 1929, in Berlin to a Jewish family. One of his classmates at school was future Estonian President
1615:
273:, whose father was serving as Estonia's ambassador to Germany. In 1937, Berliner's family moved to the United States to escape
296:
Championship (the first of five wins of that tournament) and the
Southern States Championship, and tied for second place with
1332:
1585:
1515:
1240:
1610:
469:, analyzing the opening of his game with Estrin, as well as attempted improvements upon it by subsequent commentators.
1490:
1447:
1429:
1408:
1359:
1315:
506:
1565:
1560:
1417:
892:; 9...Bb7 10.cxd4 0-0-0 11.d3 Nf4 12.Bxf4 exf4 13.Qh5 Bb4+ 14.Kd1 Qe7 (JovcicâKaraklajic, Jugoslavia 1960) 15.Ne2
877:
297:
1590:
1082:
McClain, Dylan, Hans
Berliner, 87, Master Chess Player and Programmer, New York Times, January 17, 2017, p.A15
1595:
477:
928:
1164:
941:
913:
889:
530:
391:
254:
893:
436:
1388:
1368:
483:
He died on
January 13, 2017, in Riviera Beach, Florida, fourteen days away from his 88th birthday.
402:. His 1974 thesis was titled: "Chess as Problem Solving: The Development of a Tactics Analyzer".
886:
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 d5 5. exd5 b5 6. Bf1 Nd4 7. c3 Nxd5 8. Ne4 Qh4 9. Ng3 Bg4
363:
in that tournament. Berliner's opening novelty in that variation is still considered critical.
81:
1218:
332:
301:
1555:
1550:
293:
246:
897:
8:
1508:
1351:
1199:
872:
498:
429:
356:
328:
1471:
1393:
1283:
1043:
331:, drawing his only game on the second reserve board. Berliner played four times in the
1443:
1425:
1404:
1400:
1355:
1328:
502:
375:
321:
313:
132:
115:
1324:
395:
309:
305:
206:
1462:
120:
1484:
956:
444:
336:
216:
170:
1475:
1380:
1307:
1288:
1004:
281:
912:
14.Qb3! fxg2 (14...Nb4!! 15.Rxf3 c6!! 16.Be2! Bxf3 17.gxf3 Bxg3 18.hxg3 Qxg3+
1544:
1532:
435:
HiTech was the first computer chess system to reach the 2400 (senior master)
405:
His subsequent research at
Carnegie Mellon eventually led to the creation of
379:
317:
38:
390:
Berliner started a new career in 1969, enrolling in the doctoral program at
1503:
917:
440:
399:
360:
270:
242:
1001:
Berliini poisid: Leidsime
Ameerikast Lennart Meri lapsepþlve mängukaaslase
1626:
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
987:
422:
418:
1122:
410:
371:
165:
1138:
1384:
1039:
1037:
904:
10...Nf5 11.Bxb5+ Kd8 12.0-0 Bc5+ 13.d4 exd4 14.Ne4!+/â (Kopylov)
1527:
184:"Chess as Problem Solving: The Development of a Tactics Analyzer"
42:
1266:"Hans Berliner, Master Chess Player and Programmer, Dies at 87"
1184:
Berliner, Hans, et al. "Backgammon program beats world champ",
1034:
472:
In 1999 he published a book explaining his opening repertoire,
414:
406:
280:
Berliner is mentioned in "How I Started To Write", an essay by
258:
226:
178:
61:
1308:"The B* Tree Search Algorithm. A Best-First Proof Procedure."
366:
As of March 31, 2005, Berliner still had by far the highest
335:. In 1954 at New York, he scored 6½/13 to tie 8â9th places;
241:(January 27, 1929 – January 13, 2017) was an American
274:
452:
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
916:, Berliner) 15.Rf2 Be6 16.Qf3 Rb8 17.Bc4 Qxd4 18.d3!+/â (
413:. The result was BKG, written in the late 1970s on a DEC
871:
Yakov EstrinâHans Berliner, 5th CC World Ch Final 1965;
1621:
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
480:
gives White a large, and possibly decisive, advantage.
1491:
Hans Berliner, chess master and programmer, dies at 87
467:
From the Deathbed of 4. Ng5 in the Two Knights Defense
888:
9...Ne6 10.Bxb5+ Bd7 11.Bxd7+ Kxd7 12.Qf3 Nef4 13.d4!
257:. He directed the construction of the chess computer
1481:
Oral History of Hans Berliner at ComputerHistory.org
1395:
The Mammoth Book of the World's Greatest Chess Games
924:15.a4!+/â JovcicâKoshnitsky, corr. 1969 (GligoriÄ)
518:, British Chess Magazine Quarterly No. 14 (no ISBN)
327:Berliner played for his country's Olympiad team at
1392:
948:First-move advantage in chess#White wins with 1.d4
253:. Berliner was a Professor of Computer Science at
927:39. Rf7 Rxb4 40. Rb7 Rg4+ 41. Kf3 b4 42. Rxa7 b3
324:, and the 1957 Champion of Champions tournament.
1542:
1348:The System: A World Champion's Approach to Chess
1197:
539:
495:The System: A World Champion's Approach to Chess
1379:
1103:
462:Berliner retired from Carnegie Mellon in 1998.
1136:
450:Berliner was elected a Founding Fellow of the
1219:"HITECH Becomes First Computer Senior Master"
1216:
368:International Correspondence Chess Federation
1206:. Vol. 242, no. 6. pp. 64â72.
1178:
1031:, edited by Phillip Lopate, 1995, pp. 435â36
516:The Fifth Correspondence World Championship
1162:
1120:"Top 50 ICCF-US Players as of 3/31/2005",
385:
457:
261:, and was also a published chess writer.
1345:
1305:
1091:
1054:
1016:
974:
514:Berliner, Hans and Messere, Ken (1971),
1437:
1264:McClain, Dylan Loeb (17 January 2017).
1263:
1070:
906:11. cxd4 Bd6 12. Bxb5+ Kd8 13. 0-0 exf3
710:
703:
696:
682:
661:
612:
605:
350:World Correspondence Chess Championship
343:
1543:
675:
598:
1416:
1367:
1107:
1058:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
689:
668:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
591:
584:
575:
465:In 1998 he self-published a booklet,
292:In 1949, he became a master, won the
1581:World Correspondence Chess Champions
1516:World Correspondence Chess Champion
251:Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess
249:Champion, from 1965â1968. He was a
13:
1606:Carnegie Mellon University faculty
1188:, Issue 69. January 1980. pp. 6â9.
14:
1637:
1601:Carnegie Mellon University alumni
1576:Correspondence chess grandmasters
1571:American male non-fiction writers
1456:
16:American chess player (1929â2017)
1526:
1502:
1143:Celebrating 60 years of the ICCF
1044:The chess games of Hans Berliner
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
577:
522:
1440:Chess Olympiads 1927–1968
1335:from the original on 2017-09-27
1276:
1257:
1233:
1210:
1191:
1156:
1130:
1113:
1097:
1085:
287:
1198:Hans J. Berliner (June 1980).
1104:Burgess, Nunn & Emms (2004
1076:
1064:
1048:
1022:
1010:
994:
980:
968:
1:
1616:Writers from Washington, D.C.
1029:The Art of the Personal Essay
962:
264:
1474:player profile and games at
1329:10.1016/0004-3702(79)90003-1
950:â discusses Berliner's book
476:. He claimed that the move
7:
1375:(2nd ed.), David McKay
1284:"Estrin vs. Berliner, 1965"
1217:Hans Berliner (Fall 1988).
1007:(retrieved 31 January 2020)
935:
398:, under the supervision of
10:
1642:
1586:Chess Olympiad competitors
1487: (archived 2011-08-11)
1165:"Hans Berliner, 1929-2017"
942:Chess piece relative value
526:
392:Carnegie Mellon University
255:Carnegie Mellon University
1611:Chess players from Berlin
1522:
1513:
1498:
1422:Modern Chess Brilliancies
944:â gives Berliner's system
866:Position after 13...exf3
432:for game tree searching.
232:
222:
212:
202:
197:
189:
177:
164:
159:
155:
145:
127:
110:
100:
89:
68:
48:
34:
26:
21:
1106:, pp. 309â15), and
533:to describe chess moves.
486:
1438:FĹldeĂĄk, ĂrpĂĄd (1979),
1346:Berliner, Hans (1999),
1316:Artificial Intelligence
1306:Berliner, Hans (1979),
1163:Alex Dunne (May 2017).
493:Berliner, Hans (1999),
386:Computer chess research
1566:American chess writers
1561:American chess players
1442:, Dover Publications,
1241:"Elected AAAI Fellows"
875:, Ulvestad Variation (
458:Writing and retirement
428:He also developed the
82:Riviera Beach, Florida
1591:Computer chess people
1200:"Computer Backgammon"
333:US Chess Championship
302:Norman Tweed Whitaker
1596:Jewish chess players
1373:Profile of a Prodigy
1057:, p. 176), and
355:Berliner played the
344:Correspondence chess
294:District of Columbia
247:Correspondence Chess
245:, and was the World
1509:Vladimir Zagorovsky
1352:Gambit Publications
1204:Scientific American
1186:ACM SIGART Bulletin
873:Two Knights Defense
499:Gambit Publications
430:B* search algorithm
357:Two Knights Defense
160:Academic background
102:ICCF World Champion
1472:Hans Jack Berliner
1465:player details at
1463:Hans Jack Berliner
1401:Carroll & Graf
1270:The New York Times
1110:, pp. 217â21)
1073:, pp. 201â02)
531:algebraic notation
529:This section uses
239:Hans Jack Berliner
30:Hans Jack Berliner
1539:
1538:
1523:Succeeded by
1174:. pp. 43â45.
1061:, pp. 16â17)
922:14... Rb8 15. Be2
864:
863:
376:Joop van Oosterom
322:Arthur Feuerstein
314:Nicolas Rossolimo
236:
235:
141:
140:
1633:
1531:
1530:
1507:
1506:
1499:Preceded by
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1413:
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1149:
1137:Nol van't Riet.
1134:
1128:
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1101:
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1083:
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1074:
1068:
1062:
1052:
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1014:
1008:
998:
992:
991:
988:"The Iconoclast"
984:
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972:
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761:
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754:
748:
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741:
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734:
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594:
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586:
581:
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511:
396:computer science
320:(at age 13) and
310:William Lombardy
306:Washington, D.C.
207:Computer science
190:Doctoral advisor
143:
142:
137:2763 (July 1992)
133:peak rating
94:ICCF Grandmaster
85:
78:
76:
73:January 13, 2017
59:January 27, 1929
58:
56:
19:
18:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1501:
1485:Wayback Machine
1459:
1450:
1432:
1411:
1381:Burgess, Graham
1362:
1338:
1336:
1310:
1297:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1215:
1211:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1135:
1131:
1126:(May): 37, 2005
1119:
1118:
1114:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
999:
995:
986:
985:
981:
973:
969:
965:
957:Murray Campbell
938:
869:
868:
867:
771:
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
693:
686:
679:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
578:
536:
535:
534:
525:
509:
492:
489:
460:
445:Murray Campbell
388:
346:
340:7thâ8th place.
337:Arthur Bisguier
290:
267:
217:Carnegie Mellon
171:Carnegie Mellon
151:
148:
80:
79:
74:
72:
60:
54:
52:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1521:
1512:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1476:Chessgames.com
1469:
1458:
1457:External links
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1435:
1430:
1414:
1409:
1377:
1365:
1360:
1343:
1296:
1295:
1289:Chessgames.com
1275:
1256:
1232:
1209:
1190:
1177:
1155:
1139:"ICCF Ratings"
1129:
1112:
1096:
1094:, p. 176)
1092:Berliner (1999
1084:
1075:
1063:
1055:Berliner (1999
1047:
1033:
1021:
1019:, p. 176)
1017:Berliner (1999
1009:
1005:Eesti Ekspress
993:
979:
977:, p. 176)
975:Berliner (1999
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
954:
945:
937:
934:
933:
932:
908:(see diagram)
865:
862:
861:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
831:
828:
824:
823:
820:
816:
815:
812:
808:
807:
804:
800:
799:
796:
792:
791:
788:
784:
783:
780:
776:
775:
772:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
576:
574:
570:
569:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
538:
537:
528:
527:
524:
521:
520:
519:
512:
507:
488:
485:
459:
456:
387:
384:
345:
342:
289:
286:
282:Carlos Fuentes
266:
263:
234:
233:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
181:
175:
174:
168:
162:
161:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
139:
138:
135:
125:
124:
123:(October 2003)
118:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
91:
87:
86:
77:(aged 87)
70:
66:
65:
50:
46:
45:
36:
32:
31:
28:
27:Full name
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1638:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
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1604:
1602:
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1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1534:
1533:Horst Rittner
1529:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1449:0-486-23733-8
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1431:0-671-22420-4
1427:
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1415:
1412:
1410:0-7867-1411-5
1406:
1402:
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1366:
1363:
1361:1-901983-10-2
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1322:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1072:
1071:FĹldeĂĄk (1979
1067:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1002:
997:
990:. 7 May 2012.
989:
983:
976:
971:
967:
958:
955:
953:
949:
946:
943:
940:
939:
931:
930:
923:
919:
915:
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1424:, Fireside,
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1418:Evans, Larry
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1337:, retrieved
1323:(1): 23â40,
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1300:Bibliography
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441:Carl Ebeling
434:
427:
404:
400:Allen Newell
389:
365:
361:Yakov Estrin
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347:
326:
291:
288:Chess career
279:
271:Lennart Meri
268:
243:chess player
238:
237:
213:Institutions
193:Allen Newell
183:
75:(2017-01-13)
1556:2017 deaths
1551:1929 births
1229:(3): 85â87.
1223:AI Magazine
1108:Evans (1970
1059:Brady (1973
437:USCF rating
423:Luigi Villa
419:fuzzy logic
378:(2777) and
308:, ahead of
298:Larry Evans
1545:Categories
1520:1965â1968
1389:Emms, John
1385:Nunn, John
1339:2018-04-29
1250:2024-01-01
1172:Chess Life
1123:Chess Life
963:References
952:The System
474:The System
411:backgammon
359:to defeat
265:Early life
203:Discipline
166:Alma mater
55:1929-01-27
1148:April 18,
902:10. f3 e4
454:in 1990.
394:to study
147:Professor
106:1965â1968
64:, Germany
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1391:(2004),
1371:(1973),
1333:archived
936:See also
910:14. Rxf3
898:GligoriÄ
382:(2737).
1483:at the
370:(ICCF)
43:Germany
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415:PDP-10
407:HiTech
372:rating
259:HiTech
227:HiTech
179:Thesis
173:(1974)
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116:rating
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96:(1968)
84:, U.S.
62:Berlin
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1150:2022
503:ISBN
478:1.d4
443:and
275:Nazi
129:ICCF
121:2726
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