325:, and exercises control by shifting body weight in opposition to a stationary control frame, also known as a triangle control frame, or an A-frame. The control frame normally consists of 2 "down-tubes" and a control bar/base bar/base-tube. Either end of the control bar is attached to an upright tube or a more aerodynamic strut (a "down-tube"), where both extend from the base-tube and are connected to the apex of the control frame/ the keel of the glider. This creates the shape of a triangle or 'A-frame'. In many of these configurations additional wheels or other equipment can be suspended from the bottom bar or rod ends.
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modulated) radios used in other services. First is the great range it has (without repeaters) because of its amplitude modulation (i.e. AM). Second is the ability to contact, inform and be informed directly by other aircraft pilots of their intentions thereby improving collision avoidance and increasing safety. Third is to allow greater liberty regarding distance flights in regulated airspaces, in which the aircraft radio is normally a legal requirement. Fourth is the universal emergency frequency monitored by all other users and satellites and used in case of emergency or impending emergency.
201:
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Cummings, pilot, John Clark, (Redtruck), driver and Bob Silver, officianado, began the
Flatlands Hang gliding competition at Parkes, NSW. The competition quickly grew, from 16 pilots the first year to hosting a World Championship with 160 pilots towing from several wheat paddocks in western NSW. In 1986 Denis and 'Redtruck' took a group of international pilots to Alice Springs to take advantage of the massive thermals. Using the new system many world records were set. With the growing use of the system, other launch methods were incorporated, static winch and towing behind an
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and unzipped before landing with a separate rope. A cocoon harness is slipped over the head and lies in front of the legs during launch. After takeoff, the feet are tucked into it and the back is left open. A knee hanger harness is also slipped over the head but the knee part is wrapped around the knees before launch and just pick up the pilots leg automatically after launch. A supine or suprone harness is a seated harness. The shoulder straps are put on before launch and after takeoff the pilot slides back into the seat and flies in a seated position.
823:, operating in VHF FM. Usually a microphone is worn on the head or incorporated in the helmet, and the PTT switch is either fixed to the outside of the helmet, or strapped to a finger. Operating a VHF band radio without an appropriate license is illegal in most countries that have regulated airwaves (including United States, Canada, Brazil, etc.), so additional information must be obtained with the national or local Hang Gliding association or with the competent radio regulatory authority.
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491:(a very sensitive vertical speed indicator) which shows visually (and often audibly) the presence of lift and sink. Having located a thermal, a glider pilot will circle within the area of rising air to gain height. In the case of a cloud street, thermals can line up with the wind, creating rows of thermals and sinking air. A pilot can use a cloud street to fly long straight-line distances by remaining in the row of rising air.
377:) and carries both pilot and glider down to earth. Pilots also wear helmets and generally carry other safety items such as knives (for cutting their parachute bridle after impact or cutting their harness lines and straps in case of a tree or water landing), light ropes (for lowering from trees to haul up tools or climbing ropes), radios (for communication with other pilots or ground crew), and first-aid equipment.
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when the wing is positively loaded (right side up). Positive pitching devices such as reflex lines or washout rods are employed to maintain a minimum safe amount of washout when the wing is unloaded or even negatively loaded (upside down). Flying faster than trim speed is accomplished by moving the pilot's weight forward in the control frame; flying slower by shifting the pilot's weight aft (pushing out).
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362:, Deutscher Hängegleiterverband, or other certified standards using modern materials. Although lightweight, they can be easily damaged, either through misuse or by continued operation in unsafe wind and weather conditions. All modern gliders have built-in dive recovery mechanisms such as luff lines in kingposted gliders, or "sprogs" in topless gliders.
423:, and being towed up by a boat. Modern winch tows typically utilize hydraulic systems designed to regulate line tension, this reduces scenarios for lock out as strong aerodynamic forces will result in additional rope spooling out rather than direct tension on the tow line. Other more exotic launch techniques have also been used successfully, such as
478:. Soaring pilots quickly become aware of land features which can generate thermals and their trigger points downwind, because thermals have a surface tension with the ground and roll until hitting a trigger point. When the thermal lifts, the first indicator are the swooping birds feeding on the insects being carried aloft, or
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Loop — a maneuver that starts in a wings level dive, climbs, without any rolling, to the apex where the glider is upside down, wings level (heading back where it came from), and then returning to the start altitude and heading, again without rolling, having completed an approximately circular path in
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into Aero Mobile
Service VHF band). It can, of course, be fitted with a PTT switch to a finger and speakers inside the helmet. The use of aircraft transceivers is subject to regulations specific to the use in the air such as frequencies restrictions, but has several advantages over FM (i.e. frequency
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theory answers the question on how fast a pilot should cruise between thermals, given the average lift the pilot expects in the next thermal climb and the amount of lift or sink he encounters in cruise mode. Some electronic variometers make the calculations automatically, allowing for factors such as
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from 1929. The most simple A-frame that is cable-stayed was demonstrated in a
Breslau gliding club hang gliding meet in a battened wing foot-launchable hang glider in the year 1908 by W. Simon; hang glider historian Stephan Nitsch has collected instances also of the U control frame used in the first
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of the wings, which results in a different angle of attack of the rear most lifting surfaces of the glider. The wing centre of gravity is close to the hang point and, at the trim speed, the wing will fly "hands off" and return to trim after being disturbed. The weight-shift control system only works
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effect). In the roll axis, the pilot shifts their body mass using the wing control bar, applying a rolling moment directly to the wing. The flexible wing is built to flex differentially across the span in response to the pilot applied roll moment. For example, if the pilot shifts their weight to the
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The extra weight provided by ballast is advantageous if the lift is likely to be strong. Although heavier gliders have a slight disadvantage when climbing in rising air, they achieve a higher speed at any given glide angle. This is an advantage in strong conditions when the gliders spend only little
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The accident rate from hang glider flying has been dramatically decreased by pilot training. Early hang glider pilots learned their sport through trial and error and gliders were sometimes home-built. Training programs have been developed for today's pilot with emphasis on flight within safe limits,
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Laminated sail materials using polyester film achieve superior performance by using a lower stretch material that is better at maintaining sail shape, but is still relatively light in weight. The disadvantages of polyester film fabrics are that the reduced elasticity under load generally results in
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drops from very high altitude. When weather conditions are unsuitable to sustain a soaring flight, this results in a top-to-bottom flight and is referred to as a "sled run". In addition to typical launch configurations, a hang glider may be so constructed for alternative launching modes other than
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Pilots fly in harnesses that support their bodies. Several different types of harnesses exist. Pod harnesses are put on like a jacket and the leg portion is behind the pilot during launch. Once in the air the feet are tucked into the bottom of the harness. They are zipped up in the air with a rope
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invented a slope-launched, piloted glider. Most early glider designs did not ensure safe flight; the problem was that early flight pioneers did not sufficiently understand the underlying principles that made a bird's wing work. Starting in the 1880s, technical and scientific advancements were made
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face of the mountain, creating lift. The area of lift extending from the ridge is called the lift band. Providing the air is rising faster than the gliders sink rate, gliders can soar and climb in the rising air by flying within the lift band parallel to the ridge. Ridge soaring is also known as
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A glider in flight is continuously descending, so to achieve an extended flight, the pilot must seek air currents rising faster than the sink rate of the glider. Selecting the sources of rising air currents is the skill that has to be mastered if the pilot wants to achieve flying long distances,
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Paragliders and hang gliders are both foot-launched glider aircraft from which cases the pilot is suspended ("hangs") below the lift surface, but hang gliders include a rigid aluminum frame, while paragliders are entirely flexible and look more similar to a parachute. Gliders and sailplanes are
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for recording flight data and/or a built-in GPS. The main purpose of a variometer is in helping a pilot find and stay in the 'core' of a thermal to maximize height gain, and conversely indicating when he or she is in sinking air and needs to find rising air. Variometers are sometimes capable of
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on the advancing wing and also more drag, stabilizing the wing in yaw. If one wing advances ahead of the other, it presents more area to the wind and causes more drag on that side. This causes the advancing wing to go slower and to retreat back. The wing is at equilibrium when the aircraft is
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In 1983 Denis
Cummings re-introduced a safe tow system that was designed to tow through the centre of mass and had a gauge that displayed the towing tension, it also integrated a 'weak link' that broke when the safe tow tension was exceeded. After initial testing, in the Hunter Valley, Denis
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Woven polyester sailcloth is a very tight weave of small diameter polyester fibers that has been stabilized by the hot-press impregnation of a polyester resin. The resin impregnation is required to provide resistance to distortion and stretch. This resistance is important in maintaining the
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Due to the poor safety record of early hang gliding pioneers, the sport has traditionally been considered unsafe. Advances in pilot training and glider construction have led to a much improved safety record. Modern hang gliders are very sturdy when constructed to Hang Glider
Manufacturers
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with hang glider pilot hung behind the triangle in a hang glider, was evident in a gliding club's activity. The biplane hang glider was very widely publicized in public magazines with plans for building; such biplane hang gliders were constructed and flown in several nations since
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often stored and transported in purpose-built trailers about 9 metres long, from which they are rigged. Although rigging aids allow a single person to rig a glider, usually the rigging involves 2 or 3 people. Some frequently used sailplanes are stored already rigged in hangars.
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open class sailplanes – typically around 60:1, but in more common 15–18 meter span aircraft, glide ratios are between 38:1 and 52:1; high glide performance enabling long distance flight, with 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) being current (as of
November 2010) record
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Competitions started with "flying as long as possible" and spot landings. With increasing performance, cross-country flying has largely replaced them. Usually two to four waypoints have to be passed with a landing at a goal. In the late 1990s low-power
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stability is generally set to be near neutral. In calm air, a properly designed wing will maintain balanced trimmed flight with little pilot input. The flex wing pilot is suspended beneath the wing by a strap attached to their harness. The pilot lies
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landings can be performed in ~250 m length field. Aerial retrieve may be possible but if not, specialized trailer needed to retrieve by road. Some sailplanes have engines that remove the need for an out-landing, if successfully started on time
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Spin — A spin is scored from the moment one wing stalls and the glider rotates noticeably into the spin. The entry heading is noted at this point. The glider must remain in the spin for at least 1/2 of a revolution to score any versatility spin
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In the UK, a 2011 study reported there is one death per 116,000 flights, a risk comparable to sudden cardiac death from running a marathon or playing tennis. An estimate of worldwide mortality rate is one death per 1,000 active pilots per year.
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and his tailed biplane hang gliders were demonstrated. In April 1909, a how-to article by Carl S. Bates proved to be a seminal hang glider article that seemingly affected builders even of contemporary times. Many builders would have their first
243:. The various stiffening formats and the wing's simplicity of design and ease of construction, along with its capability of slow flight and its gentle landing characteristics, did not go unnoticed by hang glider enthusiasts. In 1960–1962
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Other forms of competition include
Aerobatic competitions, and Speedgliding competitions, wherein the goal is to descend from a mountain as fast as possible while passing through various gates in a manner similar to down-hill skiing.
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slowest – typically 25 to 60 km/h for recreational gliders (over 50 km/h requires use of speed bar), hence easier to launch and fly in light winds; least wind penetration; pitch variation can be achieved with the controls
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is a very sensitive vertical speed indicator. The variometer indicates climb rate or sink rate with audio signals (beeps) and/or a visual display. These units are generally electronic, vary in sophistication, and often include an
868:(GBR) holds the altitude record for a balloon-launched hang glider: 11,800 m (38,800 ft) at Wadi Rum, Jordan on 25 October 1994. Leden also holds the gain of height record: 3,970 m (13,025 ft), set in 1992.
668:) within a large, triangular, metal control frame. Controlled flight is achieved by the pilot pushing and pulling on this control frame, thus shifting their weight fore or aft, and right or left in coordinated maneuvers.
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and national airspace governing organisations control some regulatory aspects of hang gliding. Obtaining the safety benefits of being instructed is highly recommended and indeed a mandatory requirement in many countries.
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cost of new glider very high (top of the range 18 m turbo with instruments and trailer €250,000) but it is long lasting (up to several decades), so active second-hand market; typical cost is from €2,000 to €145,000
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Furthermore, the fact that the wing is designed to bend and flex, provides favourable dynamics analogous to a spring suspension. This provides a gentler flying experience than a similarly sized rigid-winged hang glider.
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maximum speed up to about 280 km/h (170 mph); stall speed typically 65 km/h (40 mph); able to fly in windier turbulent conditions and can outrun bad weather; good penetration into a headwind
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Edmonton
Journal, 30 August 31, 1982; "Kerry Bissell, an official observer of the Soaring Association of Canada: It's 33,000 feet. If the reading is taken at the top of the trace mark, the record is 11,400
332:'s 1892 hang glider shows that the technology of such frames has existed since the early design of gliders, but he did not mention it in his patents. A control frame for body weight shift was also shown in
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or hits an inversion layer, which is where the surrounding air is becoming warmer with height, and stops the thermal developing into a cloud. Also, nearly every glider contains an instrument known as a
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adapted the flexible wing concept to make foot-launched hang gliders with four different control arrangements. In 1963 Mike Burns adapted the flexible wing to build a towable kite-hang glider he called
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forces when they first hit a thermal, but have difficulty gauging constant motion. Thus it is difficult to detect the difference between constantly rising air and constantly sinking air. A
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Launch techniques include launching from a hill/cliff/mountain/sand dune/any raised terrain on foot, tow-launching from a ground-based tow system, aerotowing (behind a powered aircraft),
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units were introduced and have completely replaced photographs of the goal. Every two years there is a world championship. The Rigid and Women's World
Championship in 2006 was hosted by
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or a change in wind direction as the air is pulled in below the thermal. As the thermal climbs, bigger soaring birds indicate the thermal. The thermal rises until it either forms into a
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units. Hang gliders do not have instrument panels as such, so all the instruments are mounted to the control frame of the glider or occasionally strapped to the pilot's forearm.
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1973 First film made on the sport of hang gliding, The New
Freedom, is produced. It was distributed by Paramount Communications, a short film division of Paramount Pictures.
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Pilots sometimes use 2-way radios for training purposes, for communicating with other pilots in the air, and with their ground crew when traveling on cross-country flights.
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made by following the plan in his article. Volmer Jensen with a biplane hang glider in 1940 called VJ-11 allowed safe three-axis control of a foot-launched hang glider.
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The most commonly used source of lift is created by the Sun's energy heating the ground which in turn heats the air above it. This warm air rises in columns known as
739:. The most basic being a variometer and altimeter—often combined. Some more advanced pilots also carry airspeed indicators and radios. When flying in competition or
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about 10, relatively poor glide performance makes long distance flights more difficult; current (as of May 2017) world record is 564 kilometres (350 mi)
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aerodynamic shape of the sail. Woven polyester provides the best combination of light weight and durability in a sail, with the best overall handling qualities.
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With each generation of materials and with the improvements in aerodynamics, the performance of hang gliders has increased. One measure of performance is the
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smallest space needed to land, offering more landing options from cross-country flights; also easiest to pack up and carry like a bag to the nearest road
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vested Dickenson with the Hang Gliding Diploma (2006) for the invention of the "modern" hang glider. Since then, the Rogallo wing has been the most used
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842:(global positioning system) can be used to aid in navigation. For competitions, it is used to verify the contestant reached the required check-points.
1439:"1908 hang glider in Breslau territory with pilot hung by his left foot, a device used through 1900s (decade) up to today for natural bodily commute"
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Most pilots learn at recognised courses which lead to the internationally recognised International Pilot Proficiency Information card issued by the
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as Sub-Class O-2) where the pilot is integrated into the wing by means of a fairing. These offer the best performance and are the most expensive.
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As aircraft operating in airspace occupied by other aircraft, hang glider pilots may also use the appropriate type of radio (i.e. the aircraft
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cost of new is €1500 and up, cheapest but shortest lasting (around 500 hours flying time, depending on treatment), active second-hand market
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entirely flexible, with shape maintained purely by the pressure of air flowing into and over the wing in flight and the tension of the lines
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stiffer and less responsive handling, and polyester laminated fabrics are generally not as durable or long-lasting as the woven fabrics.
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579:. For example, a ratio of 12:1 means that in smooth air a glider can travel forward 12 metres while only losing 1 metre of altitude.
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right, the right wing trailing edge flexes up more than the left, creating dissimilar lift that rolls the glider to the right.
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Because hang gliders are most often used for recreational flying, a premium is placed on gentle behaviour, especially at the
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generally flexible but supported on a rigid frame which determines its shape (note that rigid-wing hang gliders also exist)
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occurs when the wind encounters a mountain, cliff, hill, sand dune, or any other raised terrain. The air is pushed up the
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1971 Early rock video featuring hang gliding, Sweeney's Glider, is produced. It was made by Fitz Weatherby and featured
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began testing in various flexible and semi-rigid configurations in order to use it as a recovery system for the Gemini
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as well as the discipline to cease flying when weather conditions are unfavorable, for example: excess wind or risk
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enclosed in the harness. In case of serious problems, the parachute is manually deployed (either by hand or with a
1041:. Class 1 hang gliders sold in the United States are usually rated by the Hang Gliders Manufacturers' Association.
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149:. His rigorously documented work influenced later designers, making Lilienthal one of the most influential early
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15 m to 60 m length flat area required; can be derigged by one person and carried to the nearest road
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1009:(World Air Sports Federation - FAI), which maintains a chronology of the FAI World Hang Gliding Championships.
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2063:"Paragliding, Hang Gliding and Speed Flying Explained – Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association of Canada"
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for maintaining stability, hang gliders rely on the natural stability of their flexible wings to return to
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down small hills. By the 1980s this ratio significantly improved, and since then pilots have been able to
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stability. The wing loading must be very low in order to allow the pilot to run fast enough to get above
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more awkward to transport and store; longer to rig and de-rig; often transported on the roof of a car
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Climb over — a maneuver where the apex heading is greater than 90° left or right of the entry heading.
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axis is stabilized through the backward-sweep of the wings. The swept platform, when yawed out of the
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patent for a fully flexible kited wing with approved claims for its stiffenings and gliding uses; the
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594:~17:1, speed range ~30–145 km/h (19–90 mph), best glide at 45–60 km/h (28–37 mph)
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being foot launched; one practical avenue for this is for people who physically cannot foot-launch.
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hang glider, having flight controlled by virtue of the shifted weight of the pilot. This is not a
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the glider's theoretical performance (glide ratio), altitude, hook in weight, and wind direction.
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1517:"Home Builders of the Future | VJ-11 Information Page. The history of the VJ-11 hang glider"
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Rollover — a maneuver where the apex heading is less than 90° left or right of the entry heading.
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hosted the 2007 World Championship. Hang gliding is also one of the competition categories in
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The pitch control response is direct and very efficient. It is partially stabilized by the
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or recreational activity in which a pilot flies a light, non-motorised, heavier-than-air
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To maximize a pilot's understanding of how the hang glider is flying, most pilots carry
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with alternating areas of lift and sink. The top of each wave peak is often marked by
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updrafts, perform aerobatics, and glide cross-country for hundreds of kilometers. The
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1807:"Morning Glory Clouds of the Gulf of Carpentaria | A Guide to the Morning Glory"
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structured from composite materials and may have wheels, propellers, and engines.
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usually lying prone in a cocoon-like harness suspended from the wing; seated and
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travelling straight and both wings present the same amount of area to the wind.
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Hang glider sailcloth is normally made from woven or laminated fiber, such as
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somewhat larger turn radius than paragliders, tigher than gliders/sailplanes
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In most hang gliders, the pilot is ensconced in a harness suspended from the
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sitting in a seat with a harness, surrounded by a crash-resistant structure
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that occur near mountains. The obstruction to the airflow can generate
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Hang gliding saw a stiffened flexible wing hang glider in 1904, when
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aircraft takes off and lands using a wheeled undercarriage or skids
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hopes to use to soar to great altitudes. A rare phenomenon known as
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and an airspeed indicator. More advanced units often incorporate a
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Understanding the Sky - A Sport Pilot's Guide to Flying Conditions
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For competitive purposes, there are three classes of hang glider:
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widest turn radius but still able to circle tightly in thermals
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2385:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Audio Visual Center
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Most flexible wings are set up with near neutral roll due to
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concept to make another water-ski kite glider; for this, the
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built controllable gliders in the 1890s, with which he could
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1763:. Mingoville, Pennsylvania, USA: Dennis Pagen. p. 280.
349:
3251:
3233:
3115:
2434:
1784:
1072:
There are four basic aerobatic maneuvers in a hang glider:
465:(XC). Rising air masses derive from the following sources:
236:
224:
72:
456:
with darker bases suggest active thermals and light winds.
443:
2989:
1239:
teaching is done in a two-seat glider with dual controls
1177:
faster than paragliders, slower than gliders/sailplaines
744:
519:
The third main type of lift used by glider pilots is the
75:. Typically the pilot is in a harness suspended from the
3291:
2251:. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from
2185:. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from
2013:"Chronology of the FAI World Hang Gliding Championships"
1310: – Tethered objects which fly by aerodynamic forces
1145:
rigid wing surface which totally encases wing structure
871:
The altitude records for balloon-launched hang gliders:
2049:
1335:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2508:, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
1415:. Hang Gliding Federation of Australia. Archived from
341:
decade of the 1900s; the U is variant of the A-frame.
1360:"Hang Glider Sailcloth Information - Wills Wing, Inc"
1236:
teaching is done in single and two-seat hang gliders
1509:
1092:
Comparison of hang gliders, paragliders, and gliders
854:. The world record for straight distance is held by
1562:
1543:"Patent US2546078 - Flexible kite - Google Patents"
2067:Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association of Canada
137:, such as those developed in the United States by
2379:From "A" to "Yellowjack"; a film study collection
639:. Unlike a traditional aircraft with an extended
555:has also been used by glider pilots in Australia.
94:for hours, gain thousands of feet of altitude in
3646:
2561:
787:electronic calculations to indicate the optimal
623:High performance flexible wing hang glider. 2006
2326:"Typical set of classified ads for paragliders"
2370:
1838:. Academy of Model Aeronautics. Archived from
1247:packs smaller (easier to transport and store)
3218:
2547:
2201:
2175:
1777:
1726:
1556:
1405:
614:
2352:"Typical set of classified ads for gliders"
2216:Deutsche Meisterschaft im Streckensegelflug
2171:. Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co. 2003.
2038:FAI Hang Gliding and Paragliding Commission
1128:pilot's legs used for take-off and landing
1125:pilot's legs used for take-off and landing
328:Images showing a triangle control frame on
3225:
3211:
2554:
2540:
1979:Hang Gliding magazine, December 1978, p35.
1947:Flying with Condors. New York: Orion Books
1892:Flying with Condors. New York: Orion Books
1674:"injury/fatality data? - Hang Gliding Org"
235:, which in 1957 the American space agency
171:flew a double lateen sail hang glider off
59:. Most modern hang gliders are made of an
3232:
2498:
2482:
2467:
2403:
1799:
1591:"FAI Award: The FAI Hang Gliding Diploma"
1378:
1327: – Foot-launched powered hang glider
1048:hang glider, having flight controlled by
316:
2163:
2161:
1493:. mywebpages.comcast.net. Archived from
1457:
1352:
1274:
1192:about 17, with up to 20 for rigid wings
1020:
803:
760:
618:
563:
447:
403:
348:
292:
275:
199:
155:
116:
31:
2278:. Airlife Publishing Ltd. p. 257.
2273:
2050:Hang Gliders Manufacturers' Association
2002:Sarasota Journal, 27 December 1974 p4D.
444:Soaring flight and cross-country flying
14:
3647:
1483:
1007:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
743:, pilots often also carry maps and/or
539:Another form of lift results from the
344:
262:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
133:that led to the first truly practical
100:Federation Aeronautique Internationale
3206:
2535:
2158:
1944:
1889:
1758:
1648:Risk of dying and sporting activities
1535:
769:Gliding pilots are able to sense the
582:Some performance figures as of 2006:
415:Video of a foot-launching from a hill
2358:from the original on 6 December 2010
2140:"Technical data for Advance Omega 8"
2106:
2080:
2055:
2005:
1857:
1684:from the original on 26 October 2017
2114:"Sailplane Construction & Cost"
1949:. Orion Publishing Group, Limited.
1894:. Orion Publishing Group, Limited.
1583:
1445:from the original on 1 January 2016
1384:
1333: – Form of ultralight aviation
1025:Modern 'flexible wing' hang glider.
36:Hang glider just after launch from
24:
2515:from the original on 2 August 2017
2502:Hang Glider Design and Performance
2332:from the original on 30 March 2012
1990:The Guinness Book of Records, 1982
1833:"Biography of DR. PAUL MAC CREADY"
1736:. cableairport.com. Archived from
1523:from the original on 12 March 2009
452:Good gliding weather. Well formed
25:
3686:
2520:
2169:Flight Manual of Scheicher ASW27b
1813:from the original on 20 July 2009
1571:from the original on 5 March 2016
1393:from the original on 7 March 2014
933:California City, California, USA
3630:
3629:
3290:
2015:. events.fai.org. Archived from
1714:from the original on 14 May 2018
1627:from the original on 14 May 2018
1617:"Hang Glider Timeline EnterData"
1471:from the original on 7 June 2017
815:One type of radio used are PTT (
208:glider in flight with tow cable
3596:American Kitefliers Association
2454:"Hang-gliding -- the new sport"
2446:
2422:
2410:(motion picture). United States
2397:
2344:
2318:
2292:
2267:
2241:
2132:
2092:Federal Aviation Administration
2043:
2031:
1996:
1982:
1973:
1963:
1938:
1908:
1883:
1825:
1752:
1696:
1666:
1639:
1609:
1362:. willswing.com. Archived from
1233:simplest and quickest to learn
960:
949:Mojave Desert, California, USA
928:
892:
86:, so pilots were restricted to
2468:Ann Welch (10 December 1977),
2302:. Ozone France. Archived from
1916:"Hang Gliding and Paragliding"
1865:"Hang Gliding and Paragliding"
1759:Pagen, Dennis (January 1992).
1491:"The Popular Mechanics Glider"
1431:
979:
850:Records are sanctioned by the
730:
559:
13:
1:
1519:. sailplanehomebuilders.com.
1340:
1067:
750:
271:
82:Early hang gliders had a low
67:frame covered with synthetic
3359:Leading edge inflatable kite
2563:Extreme and adventure sports
2499:Paul Dees (September 2010),
2142:. Advance AG. Archived from
1785:"Home | Perlan Project"
961:
945:
929:
911:
893:
7:
3349:Inflatable single-line kite
2485:"LIKE A BIRD ON THE BREEZE"
1291:
1059:Class 2 (designated by the
568:Hang glider launching from
10:
3691:
2483:Ann Welch (14 June 1973),
2118:Soaring Society of America
2040:. Classes of hang gliders.
1387:"How to buy a hang glider"
1170:(stall speed – max speed)
1016:
965:San Jose, California, USA
915:Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
845:
791:for given conditions. The
754:
610:time climbing in thermals.
256:adapted the flexible wing
110:
106:
29:Unpowered glider air sport
3626:
3588:
3528:
3500:
3406:
3299:
3288:
3241:
3129:
3096:
3060:
3040:Aggressive inline skating
3022:
2982:
2924:
2871:
2797:
2722:
2679:
2569:
2404:Weatherby, Fritz (1971).
2276:The Glider Pilot's Manual
1867:. fai.org. Archived from
1621:www.energykitesystems.net
1593:. fai.org. Archived from
1109:
765:Vario-altimeter (c. 1998)
615:Stability and equilibrium
543:of air masses, as with a
399:
163:with a double sail glider
2183:"FAI Paragliding record"
1563:Ralph S. Cooper, D.V.M.
1413:"Learning to Hang Glide"
1389:. www.start-flying.com.
1345:
1316: – Class of gliders
799:
3665:Aircraft configurations
3423:Kite aerial photography
1298:Glider (disambiguation)
113:History of hang gliding
3618:List of kite festivals
1303:Human-powered aircraft
1026:
834:
809:
766:
624:
572:
457:
416:
354:
353:Learning to hang glide
317:Triangle control frame
289:
212:
185:triangle control frame
164:
139:John Joseph Montgomery
125:
41:
3536:Alexander Graham Bell
2916:Parachuting/Skydiving
2470:"Hang-gliding review"
2274:Stewart, Ken (1994).
1926:on September 24, 2015
1704:"HG FAQ - Wills Wing"
1567:. earlyaviators.com.
1275:Hang gliding in Media
1204:tightest turn radius
1153:sitting in a harness
1024:
807:
764:
622:
567:
451:
414:
352:
293:Hang glider sailcloth
287:
215:On 23 November 1948,
203:
159:
120:
35:
3508:Kite control systems
3030:Freestyle scootering
2856:Traditional climbing
2492:Flight International
2477:Flight International
2461:Flight International
2255:on 11 September 2011
2209:"Handicap list 2008"
1945:Leden, Judy (2003).
1890:Leden, Judy (2003).
1845:on 27 September 2007
1740:on 28 September 2007
1655:on September 4, 2012
1186:Maximum glide ratio
991:Quest Air in Florida
586:Topless gliders (no
3601:Ballooning (spider)
3485:Powered paragliding
2957:Powered paragliding
2784:Whitewater kayaking
2779:Whitewater canoeing
2229:on 24 February 2009
2220:Deutscher Aero Club
1787:. perlanproject.com
1465:"Chanute Main Page"
1325:Powered hang glider
1077:the vertical plane.
438:ultralight airplane
345:Training and safety
3546:William Abner Eddy
3458:Kite rollerskating
3262:Human-lifting kite
3088:Ski mountaineering
2851:Free solo climbing
2789:Whitewater rafting
2306:on 27 October 2013
1497:on 7 February 2006
1419:on 26 January 2014
1331:Powered paraglider
1160:are also possible
1116:Gliders/Sailplanes
1027:
810:
767:
737:flight instruments
717:combined with the
625:
573:
458:
417:
355:
290:
213:
165:
126:
84:lift-to-drag ratio
42:
3670:Individual sports
3642:
3641:
3551:Lawrence Hargrave
3443:Kite landboarding
3200:
3199:
2846:Big wall climbing
2594:Kite landboarding
2430:"The New Freedom"
2300:"Brochures Ozone"
2088:"Glider Handbook"
2019:on 4 October 2009
1809:. dropbears.com.
1770:978-0-936310-10-7
1467:. spicerweb.org.
1272:
1271:
977:
976:
971:25 December 1974
955:21 November 1976
939:9 September 1978
897:Wadi Rum, Jordan
421:powered harnesses
412:
285:
268:of hang gliders.
254:John W. Dickenson
245:Barry Hill Palmer
151:aviation pioneers
16:(Redirected from
3682:
3675:Adventure travel
3633:
3632:
3453:Kite ice skating
3391:Tetrahedral kite
3294:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3137:Adventure racing
3111:Extreme sledding
3078:Freestyle skiing
2889:Ski-BASE jumping
2762:Technical diving
2609:Mountainboarding
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2516:
2514:
2507:
2495:
2489:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2458:
2440:
2439:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2407:Sweeney's Glider
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2222:. Archived from
2213:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2120:. 31 August 2019
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1922:. Archived from
1912:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1678:Hang Gliding Org
1670:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1651:, archived from
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1356:
1336:
1314:Microlift glider
1100:
1099:
936:Stephan Dunoyer
905:25 October 1994
874:
873:
856:Dustin B. Martin
545:sea-breeze front
529:lenticular cloud
434:ultralight trike
413:
375:ballistic assist
338:George A. Spratt
305:, respectively.
286:
221:Gertrude Rogallo
21:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3660:Glider aircraft
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3622:
3606:Kite (geometry)
3584:
3575:Francis Rogallo
3524:
3496:
3408:
3402:
3295:
3286:
3237:
3236:and kite flying
3231:
3201:
3196:
3167:Obstacle racing
3152:Extreme ironing
3125:
3092:
3056:
3018:
3007:Mountain biking
2978:
2974:Wingsuit flying
2920:
2867:
2834:Alpine climbing
2793:
2718:
2675:
2565:
2560:
2523:
2512:
2505:
2487:
2472:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2094:. 29 March 2022
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1871:on 12 June 2017
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1565:"Carl S. Bates"
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1334:
1294:
1277:
1169:
1150:Pilot position
1136:Wing structure
1094:
1070:
1019:
1003:World Air Games
982:
968:Dennis Kulberg
923:29 August 1982
848:
837:
802:
759:
753:
733:
700:, creates more
617:
570:Mount Tamalpais
562:
446:
425:hot air balloon
404:
402:
369:Pilots carry a
347:
330:Otto Lilienthal
319:
295:
276:
274:
217:Francis Rogallo
143:Otto Lilienthal
122:Otto Lilienthal
115:
109:
61:aluminium alloy
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3688:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3561:Jackie Matisse
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3407:Activities and
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3239:
3238:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Cheese rolling
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Extreme skiing
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3052:Roller skating
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3035:Inline skating
3032:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Bungee jumping
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2829:Mountaineering
2826:
2825:
2824:
2822:Mixed climbing
2814:
2812:Crane climbing
2809:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
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2527:HangGlider.Org
2522:
2521:External links
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2146:on 30 May 2013
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1962:
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1734:"Dan Buchanan"
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1608:
1597:on 18 May 2011
1582:
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1385:Meadows, G.W.
1377:
1366:on 22 May 2014
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952:Bob McCaffrey
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877:Altitude (ft)
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808:Aircraft radio
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755:Main article:
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549:Perlan Project
537:
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525:standing waves
517:
516:Mountain waves
513:
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454:cumulus clouds
445:
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401:
398:
346:
343:
334:Octave Chanute
318:
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294:
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273:
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241:space capsules
223:applied for a
190:Octave Chanute
111:Main article:
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3187:Ultramarathon
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3000:Freestyle BMX
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2906:Cliff jumping
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2841:Rock climbing
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2659:River surfing
2657:
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2649:Street luging
2647:
2645:
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2635:
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2627:
2625:
2624:Skateboarding
2622:
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2614:Riverboarding
2612:
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2607:
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2600:
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2579:Bellyboarding
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2463:. 9 May 1974.
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2285:1-85310-504-X
2281:
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2254:
2250:
2249:"FAI records"
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2204:
2189:on 9 May 2011
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2018:
2014:
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1956:0-7528-0874-5
1952:
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1941:
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1901:0-7528-0874-5
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1282:Terry Sweeney
1279:
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1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:flexible wing
1032:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1005:organized by
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
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964:
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948:
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869:
867:
863:
861:
860:Zapata, Texas
857:
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829:
824:
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813:
806:
797:
794:
790:
785:
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763:
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748:
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742:
741:cross country
738:
728:
720:
716:
712:
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703:
699:
698:relative wind
695:
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621:
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597:Rigid wings:
596:
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583:
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571:
566:
554:
553:Morning Glory
550:
546:
542:
538:
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534:
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526:
522:
518:
515:
514:
510:
509:slope soaring
505:
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495:
494:
490:
485:
484:cumulus cloud
481:
477:
473:
472:
471:
470:
466:
464:
463:cross-country
455:
450:
441:
439:
435:
429:
426:
422:
397:
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390:
386:
384:
378:
376:
372:
367:
363:
361:
358:Association,
351:
342:
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335:
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324:
314:
310:
306:
304:
300:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:flexible wing
226:
222:
218:
210:
207:
202:
198:
196:
191:
186:
182:
179:. In 1910 in
178:
174:
170:
169:Jan Lavezzari
162:
161:Jan Lavezzari
158:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
130:George Cayley
123:
119:
114:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
19:
3655:Hang gliding
3628:
3610:
3565:
3541:John Barresi
3518:Kite mooring
3463:Kiteboarding
3433:Kite fishing
3418:Hang gliding
3417:
3410:applications
3395:
3381:Rogallo wing
3336:
3325:Rokkaku dako
3315:Bermuda kite
3257:Fighter kite
3177:Powerbocking
3172:Orienteering
3162:Fell running
3157:Extreme Pogo
3083:Speed skiing
3045:Vert skating
2969:Speed flying
2947:Hang gliding
2946:
2901:Cliff-diving
2879:BASE jumping
2817:Ice climbing
2774:Water skiing
2752:Scuba diving
2724:Water sports
2666:Wakeboarding
2639:Snowboarding
2629:Skimboarding
2619:Sandboarding
2604:Longboarding
2599:Kiteboarding
2584:Bodyboarding
2501:
2491:
2476:
2460:
2447:Bibliography
2433:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2406:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2378:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2346:
2334:. Retrieved
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2304:the original
2294:
2275:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2253:the original
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2224:the original
2215:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:the original
2177:
2168:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:the original
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2052:- Home site.
2045:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:the original
2007:
1998:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:the original
1919:
1910:
1891:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1840:the original
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1779:
1760:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1738:the original
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1707:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1680:. May 2008.
1677:
1668:
1657:, retrieved
1653:the original
1647:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1620:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:the original
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1364:the original
1354:
1244:Convenience
1201:Turn radius
1168:Speed range
1111:Hang gliders
1095:
1071:
1045:
1044:Class 5 The
1034:
1033:Class 1 The
1028:
1011:
983:
870:
864:
849:
838:
825:
821:transceivers
817:push-to-talk
814:
811:
789:speed to fly
771:acceleration
768:
740:
734:
725:
631:and natural
626:
581:
574:
468:
467:
459:
430:
418:
391:
387:
379:
368:
364:
356:
327:
320:
311:
307:
296:
288:Hang gliding
233:Rogallo wing
228:
214:
166:
127:
81:
56:
45:Hang gliding
44:
43:
26:
3492:Parasailing
3480:Paragliding
3468:Kiteboating
3338:Chapi-chapi
3267:Indoor kite
3182:Slacklining
2964:Parasailing
2952:Paragliding
2911:Tombstoning
2757:Cave diving
2742:High diving
2732:Coasteering
2681:Motorsports
2671:Windsurfing
2644:Snowskating
2589:Dirtsurfing
2571:Boardsports
2259:30 November
2193:30 November
1930:October 22,
1920:www.fai.org
1106:Paragliders
980:Competition
828:transceiver
819:) handheld
731:Instruments
664:(sometimes
655:and pitch.
649:equilibrium
637:stall speed
599:glide ratio
592:glide ratio
577:glide ratio
560:Performance
541:convergence
536:Convergence
531:formations.
480:dust devils
252:. In 1963,
195:hang glider
173:Berck Beach
57:hang glider
18:Hang glider
3649:Categories
3580:Tyrus Wong
3556:Peter Lynn
3473:Kite buggy
3448:Snowkiting
3386:Scott sled
3376:Rotor kite
3371:Malay kite
3320:Bowed kite
3282:Water kite
3277:Sport kite
3272:Power kite
3192:Zip-lining
3073:Freeriding
2995:BMX racing
2937:Air racing
2932:Aerobatics
2863:Skyrunning
2769:Snorkeling
2747:Jet Skiing
2737:Freediving
2709:Rally raid
2699:Rallycross
2634:Skysurfing
2362:18 January
2336:22 October
2310:21 October
2150:22 October
1718:26 October
1708:Wills Wing
1688:26 October
1631:6 February
1423:10 January
1397:10 January
1341:References
1308:Kite types
1068:Aerobatics
1046:rigid wing
1039:paraglider
995:Big Spring
901:Judy Leden
889:Reference
866:Judy Leden
775:variometer
757:Variometer
751:Variometer
500:Ridge lift
496:Ridge lift
489:variometer
383:cloud suck
272:Components
147:ridge soar
71:to form a
3567:Sea Tails
3513:Kite line
3438:Kite rigs
3397:Wau bulan
3344:Foil kite
3106:Bobsleigh
2884:Free BASE
2807:Canyoning
2694:Motocross
2494:: 921–923
1849:21 August
1320:Nanolight
1230:Learning
919:John Bird
880:Location
793:MacCready
784:barograph
780:altimeter
645:empennage
521:lee waves
461:known as
371:parachute
128:In 1853,
124:in flight
69:sailcloth
65:composite
55:called a
49:air sport
3635:Category
3612:Kitelife
3364:Bow kite
3332:Box kite
3310:Arc kite
3303:by shape
3121:Skeleton
3098:Sledding
3012:Downhill
2799:Climbing
2714:Snocross
2704:Rallying
2689:Drifting
2510:archived
2356:Archived
2330:Archived
2233:7 August
2023:30 April
1875:30 April
1817:30 April
1811:Archived
1791:30 April
1744:30 April
1712:Archived
1682:Archived
1625:Archived
1601:30 April
1575:30 April
1569:Archived
1548:30 April
1527:30 April
1521:Archived
1501:30 April
1475:30 April
1469:Archived
1449:30 April
1443:Archived
1391:Archived
1370:30 April
1292:See also
1215:Landing
1050:spoilers
681:anhedral
677:sideslip
641:fuselage
588:kingpost
504:windward
476:thermals
469:Thermals
323:airframe
250:Skiplane
77:airframe
53:aircraft
40:, France
3023:Rolling
2983:Cycling
2942:Gliding
2872:Falling
2654:Surfing
2124:30 June
2098:30 June
2072:30 June
1970:meters"
1659:May 31,
1081:points.
1054:fairing
1017:Classes
962:17,100
946:31,600
930:32,720
912:33,000
894:38,800
846:Records
715:washout
606:Ballast
266:airfoil
258:airfoil
206:Paresev
204:NASA's
181:Breslau
135:gliders
107:History
96:thermal
88:gliding
3529:People
3354:Kytoon
3245:by use
3142:Caving
3130:Others
3061:Skiing
2925:Flying
2414:5 July
2389:5 July
2282:
1953:
1898:
1767:
1158:supine
883:Pilot
666:supine
436:or an
400:Launch
299:dacron
183:, the
177:France
47:is an
38:Salève
3589:Other
3501:Parts
3301:Types
3243:Types
3234:Kites
2513:(PDF)
2506:(PDF)
2488:(pdf)
2473:(pdf)
2457:(pdf)
2383:(PDF)
2227:(PDF)
2212:(PDF)
1843:(PDF)
1836:(PDF)
1346:Notes
1259:Cost
999:Texas
886:Date
800:Radio
719:sweep
710:Pitch
662:prone
633:pitch
629:stall
303:mylar
3252:Kite
3116:Luge
2435:IMDb
2416:2024
2391:2024
2364:2011
2338:2011
2312:2011
2280:ISBN
2261:2010
2235:2008
2195:2010
2152:2011
2126:2024
2100:2024
2074:2024
2025:2017
1951:ISBN
1932:2015
1896:ISBN
1877:2017
1851:2007
1819:2017
1793:2017
1765:ISBN
1746:2017
1720:2017
1690:2017
1661:2011
1633:2018
1603:2017
1577:2017
1550:2017
1529:2017
1503:2017
1477:2017
1451:2017
1425:2014
1399:2014
1372:2017
702:lift
692:The
672:Roll
657:Roll
643:and
360:BHPA
237:NASA
225:kite
219:and
92:soar
73:wing
2990:BMX
1061:FAI
987:GPS
852:FAI
840:GPS
835:GPS
745:GPS
694:yaw
689:Yaw
653:yaw
651:in
590:):
394:FAI
301:or
231:or
63:or
3651::
2490:,
2475:,
2459:.
2432:.
2354:.
2328:.
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2160:^
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