John Joseph Montgomery

938: 182: 264:. Here, he studied under Fathers Joseph Bayma, S.J., and Joseph Neri, S.J., two gifted and influential educators. As a student in San Francisco, Montgomery must have mentioned his desire to build a flying machine, according to Fogel and Harwood. They include an observation in their book, made by Montgomery's contemporary, Rev. Fred Morrison, S.J.: “In those days anyone who even mentioned ‘man being able to fly’ was considered a little bit off. So, when John was in the vicinity, there was a general tapping of heads, which in our present day would be the sign that the party was crazy.” At St. Ignatius College, Montgomery received a 526:, Daniel Maloney made several successful flights in the glider at Leonard's ranch (Rancho San Antonio, now known as Seascape), after releasing from a hot-air balloon at high altitude. The resulting glides were well-controlled, and flights lasted up to 13 minutes. News of these flights received attention in both the U.S. and Europe. After this success, Montgomery gave a press conference to provide for the first time a history of his efforts in aeronautics and announced a patent application for his aeroplane and methods of wing warping. On April 29, 1905, Montgomery, Maloney, and Hamilton provided a public demonstration of the 791: 479:. Baldwin wanted improved propeller designs for dirigibles. He stopped working with Greth and came to Santa Clara College for an extended period to learn aeronautics from Montgomery. Their work together included wind tunnel tests at the college. At Baldwin's suggestion, they entered into a business arrangement in 1904 to make public exhibitions with manned Montgomery gliders launched at high altitudes from unmanned Baldwin balloons. By late May 1904, Montgomery made test flights with a new glider. However, Baldwin abandoned their collaboration and instead constructed his own airship (the 860: 764: 1048: 698: 33: 455:

mining. In 1895 he received four patents (American, German, British, and Canadian) for improvements in the efficiency of petroleum burning furnaces. In 1897 he took a teaching position at Santa Clara College and directed study of wireless telegraphy with Father Richard Bell. They were first to successfully transmit messages from Santa Clara College to San Francisco. Montgomery also patented two gold concentrator devices to assist miners in extracting gold from beach sands (see patent list).

503: 402:, who were collaborating in chairing the conference. He did not present a paper, but was subsequently invited by Chanute and Zahm to participate in the conference by giving two lectures of his own. His first focused on his experiments with surfaces in air and water currents. This talk was revised into an article and included in the conference proceedings. The article was later published in the July 1894 edition of 555: 423:, Montgomery conducted further experiments into the physics of flow over a wing and lift generation using a smoke chamber and water table. From these experiments he developed a theory of lift based on vorticity, or what modern aerodynamicists refer to as a "circulation theory" or "lifting-line theory". Montgomery compiled his results into a 131-page manuscript titled 288:. In 1883, he built and experimented with a series of three ornithopters but found that human strength was insufficient to generate the necessary lift. He abandoned flapping-wing flight, preferring instead to emulate soaring birds with fixed-wing craft. He reasoned that it would be possible to solve the physics of gliding and soaring flight and then add a motor. 366:'s account in 1893 noted "several trials were made, but no effective lift could be obtained." Of the third craft (of 1886) Chanute wrote "this last apparatus proved an entire failure, as no effective lifting effect could be obtained from the wind sufficient to carry the 180 lbs. it was designed to bear."" 1586:

Mark D. Ardema and Joseph Mach, Santa Clara University School of Engineering, and William J. Adams, Jr., "John Joseph Montgomery, 1883 Glider: An International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, Designated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, May 11, 1996, at Hiller Aircraft Museum

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Emulating these control methods, in 1884-1885 he incorporated hinged flaps into the trailing edge of a second glider. These were held under spring tension for automatic balance in gusts, but were also connected through cables to the pilot's seat so they could be operated mechanically by the pilot for

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was uncontrolled. This aircraft design served as the basis for three gliders over the period 1883–1886. In the spring of 1884, Montgomery made flights of up to 600 feet (180 m) from the rim of Otay Mesa. During experiments with this craft, Montgomery found that the glider would not respond well

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established a new annual "John J. Montgomery Award for Distinguished Innovation in Aerospace" designed to "recognize the outstanding contribution of an individual engineer residing in the international community who has researched, designed or developed (or any combination thereof) new technologies

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in honor of Santa Clara College. In view of hundreds of spectators and members of the press, Maloney released from the balloon at an approximate altitude of 4,000 feet above Santa Clara College. Maloney performed a series of pre-determined maneuvers and made a soft landing near the college grounds.

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premiered in San Diego, California on September 2, 1946, and had its full national release September 24, 1946. As part of the publicity for the movie, Columbia Pictures sponsored a cross-country Boston to Los Angeles tour featuring a 1911 vintage auto, the same vintage as Montgomery's last flight.

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Montgomery's own account made clear that he considered the technology of the second and third gliders of 1885 and 1886 as effective, but the airfoil designs were a disappointment in terms of lift-generation as they produced much shorter gliding flights in comparison to the first craft of 1884. He

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United States. n.d. Court of Claims of the United States. No. 33852. Regina Cleary Montgomery, heir, and Richard J. Montgomery, Mary C. Montgomery, Margaret H. Montgomery, and Jane E. Montgomery, assignees of Ellen Montgomery heir of John J. Montgomery, deceased, v. the United States." Testimony

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In 1884 Montgomery received a patent for a process to vulcanize and de-vulcanize India rubber. In 1895 and again in the period 1901 to 1904, Montgomery occasionally supplemented his aeronautical research with work in other branches of science, including electricity, communication, astronomy and

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About 1885 Montgomery began a long series of experiments with a whirling arm device, a smoke chamber, a water current table and large wooden surfaces angled into the wind in order to understand the physics of flow around curved surfaces. He also used dried bird wings placed in wind currents to

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In the early 1880s Montgomery began studying the anatomy of a variety of large soaring birds to determine their basic characteristics like wing area, weight and curved surfaces. He made detailed observations of birds in flight, especially large soaring birds such as eagles, hawks, vultures and

573:, Montgomery's gliding experiments were curtailed until 1911. Montgomery began experimenting with a new control system in which pitch and roll of the glider were managed by wing warping, while the tail assembly was fixed. Montgomery intended to add a motor and apply for a patent. This glider, 236:

in France (1856). Although Montgomery never claimed firsts, his gliding experiments of the 1880s are considered by some historians and organizations to have been the first controlled flights of a heavier-than-air flying machine in America or in the Western Hemisphere, depending on the source.

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With encouragement from Chanute, Montgomery decided to give a second lecture. Although he refrained from providing enough detail that might be useful to designers, he did discuss use of hinged wing sections for lateral control. His second lecture was not published as part of the conference

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in the San Francisco bay area. On July 18, 1905, Maloney was killed when a rope from the balloon damaged the glider during the ascent, causing structural failure after release. Despite this, Montgomery continued experiments with other tandem-wing gliders and pilots for some time.

882:. This laboratory was located where Mayer Theatre is today. A celebration was held March 18, 1934 at Santa Clara University to mark the 50th anniversary of Montgomery's first glider flight. Also on the campus of Santa Clara University, an obelisk was dedicated by the citizens of 228:. Although not publicized in the 1880s, these early flights were first described by Montgomery as part of a lecture delivered at the International Conference on Aerial Navigation at Chicago, 1893. These independent advances came after gliding flights by European pioneers such as 240:

Montgomery devised different control methods for his gliders, including weight shifting for roll and an elevator for pitch (1884). Subsequent designs used hinged, pilot-operated trailing edge flaps on the wings (1885–1886) for roll control, and later, full

728:. Evergreen Valley College also honors his memory with a green space (Montgomery Grove), a lecture hall (Montgomery Hall), and an observatory (Montgomery Hill Observatory). On March 15, 2008, a sculpture was unveiled at San Felipe and Yerba Buena roads in 383:

observe the effect. His work in the 1880s confirmed that mechanical systems used by a pilot could preserve lateral balance and some degree of equilibrium in gliding flight. His experiments also confirmed the value of a cambered surface for obtaining lift.

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mounted upright that is visible for miles. It is also associated with a recreation center near the location of his first glides (Montgomery-Waller Recreation Center, San Diego, California). The memorial was designed by pioneering modernist Lloyd

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In an 1893 speech, Montgomery said that flights were made in these three craft during the period 1884–1886, with the occasional assistance of at least three friends and two younger brothers. Of the flight trials with the second craft (of 1885)

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with the help of Octave Chanute. Chanute was reluctant to endorse it due to his disagreements with some of its theoretical content and suggested that it be edited to distinguish between experimental results and theoretical inferences.

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in 1893, and in the following year as a book of the same name. Montgomery reprised his second lecture in a talk to the Aeronautical Society of New York in 1910, and the contents were later published in several journals and books.

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of the left and right wing either in unison or independently. Dihedral and an operable elevator were also included. Montgomery concluded that a better understanding of aerodynamics was needed for the design of a proper airfoil.

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In the winter of 1885–86, Montgomery constructed a third glider. It had a cambered airfoil modeled after the wings of a vulture, though the leading and trailing edges were turned upward slightly. The wing, spanwise, was

4204: 345:, considerable dihedral for stability and an operable elevator for pitch control. Montgomery devised an inclined rail system so the piloted glider could roll from the top of a hill and attain flight speed. 732:

as a tribute to Montgomery. The 30-foot-tall steel structure of a glider wing was placed on a 32-foot-diameter plaza (later designated Montgomery Plaza) designed by San Francisco artist Kent Roberts.

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realized he was getting increasingly farther from understanding the mechanism of lift and began controlled laboratory experiments to investigate airfoils. In 1886, he briefly considered filing a

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This exhibition brought widespread recognition for Montgomery and was generally accepted as a milestone in aviation. In the following months Montgomery and Maloney made many exhibitions with

1362: 3657: 1657:

L'Écho Des Ailes: Revue Indépendante pour la Défense des Intérêts Aéronautiques, Vol. 17, No. 2, January 23, 1948. By Fédération des Clubs Belges d'Aviation de Tourisme, Brussels, Belgium.

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Copy of membership card can be found in the John J. Montgomery Papers 1885-1947, The Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

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proceedings, because Chanute thought Montgomery wanted to seek patent protection. Instead, Chanute presented his own comments on Montgomery's flight experiments in his article series

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National Cyclopedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as Illustrated in the Lives of the Founders, Builders, & Defenders of the Republic, etc...

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at low speed and encountered turbulence, which caused a stall. He crashed and died from his injuries at the site. The hillside (now known as "Montgomery Hill") is just behind

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Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 30–33, October, 1908; Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 34–40, November, 1908; Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 32–36, December, 1908; Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 43–46.

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Zahm, Albert F. (1923) "Catholic Contributions in the Field of Aeronautics" in Benson, William Shepherd, James J. Walsh, Edward J. Hanna, and Constantine E. McGuire.

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Practical Aeronautics: An Understandable Presentation of Interesting and Essential Facts in Aeronautical Science.' Chicago: American School of Correspondence, 1912.

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at the location of some of his early glider experiments. At this celebration, a marker was placed in Aptos in honor of the first manned high−altitude flights.

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would be first in America to make repeated circuits under control. During a protracted period of acrimony between Montgomery and Baldwin, Baldwin entered the

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provided in direct and cross examination by Charles T. Couts, Charles Burroughs, James P. Montgomery, Richard J. Montgomery, Mary F. McCarthy, January 1919."

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Squadron 36 in San Jose, California is named the "John J. Montgomery Memorial Cadet Squadron 36" in his honor. Their motto is "Exceed the Challenge."

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A marker placed at Aptos, California where Montgomery's tandem-wing glider was flown in March 1905 for the first high-altitude flights in the world.

4269: 4229: 4224: 2183:"Father Bell and Captain Baldwin: Priest-Scientist of Santa Clara College Gives Credit for Success of Aerial Experiments to Professor Montgomery". 3361: 3244: 1907:

Montgomery, James P., direct testimony in response to Q. 16, Jan. 13, 1919, Regina C. Montgomery et al. v. the United States - Equity No. 33852.

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Process for compelling electric motors to keep in step with the waves or impulses of the current driving them, and a motor embodying the process

4184: 468: 394:. Upon arrival, he heard of the International Conference on Aerial Navigation to take place the first week of August. He introduced himself to 2823: 2786: 1830:

Campi, Richard B. (1961) "Description and Analysis of the 1911 Montgomery Controllable Man Carrying Glider." Working paper, December 29, 1961.

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The Aeronautical Society (1911), as invited member of the Research Committee of the Technical Board and Organization and Convention Committee.

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in physics in 1879 and a master's degree in physics in 1880. He also received an honorary PhD in physics from Santa Clara University in 1901.

3585: 1928:"Montgomery Hits Wright's Patent: California College Professor Claims He Invented Warped Wings Back in 1885," New York World, April 24, 1910. 3626: 3614: 2848: 624:

The Aeronautical Society of New York (1910), elected honorary member "in recognition of his manifold labors to advance the art of aviation."

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John J. Montgomery Papers 1885–1947, The Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

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John J. Montgomery Papers 1885-1947, The Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

2152:"Airship Inventor Visits San Jose: Captain Baldwin, Builder of the California Arrow, Talks of His Plans and Future of Aerial Navigation". 745:

to "Montgomery Field." From 1920 to 1944 Montgomery Field served as an airmail facility. This field still exists along the Embarcadero as

3491: 4244: 3393: 1309: 257:, graduating in 1873. At age 16 he attended the preparatory division at Santa Clara College from 1874 to 1876 to prepare for college. 4144: 976: 3188: 4159: 4154: 4149: 2868: 998: 920: 2973: 100: 3602: 1011: 893:

freeway that passes through the former site of the Montgomery 1880s Fruitland Ranch and goes from the Mexican border to downtown

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where flight tests occurred), was flown by Montgomery as well as another aeronaut Reinhardt more than 50 times in October 1911.

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for aerospace excellence. Members of the X-15, Mercury, and Polaris programs received the award, including astronauts such as

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On May 11, 1996, Montgomery's 1883 glider was recognized as an International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the

836: 671:, Paul Tuntland and Don Stevens. The film included several different historical reenactments of Montgomery's glider flights. 317: 313: 305: 2941: 4174: 3218: 812: 3418: 3064: 4194: 716:, Otay Mesa. The Montgomery Memorial was dedicated on May 21, 1950, and features a silver static test wing panel for the 3517: 1503:

Berriman, Algernon E. Aviation. An Introduction to the Elements of Flight, Methuen & Co., London, 1912. pp. 213-214.

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or equipment for the aerospace industry, i.e., propulsion, aerospace structure/materials, stability and control, etc."

4259: 4254: 3080: 1682:

United States Congress. House Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1972.

1488: 987: 4199: 3394:"First High Altitude Aeroplane Flights March 1905 - Aptos, CA - E Clampus Vitus Historical Markers on Waymarking.com" 3296: 1853: 1642: 842: 824: 775: 354: 1948: 1821:, edited by Hermann. W. L. Moedebeck, translated by W. Mansergh Varley, Vol. 309, No. 10. London: Whittaker and Co. 1529:

Catholic Builders of the Nation: A Symposium on the Catholic Contribution to the Civilization of the United States.

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The plaque placed at Montgomery Grove. It was relocated from Evergreen Valley College's campus to the current site.

254: 4179: 1055: 964: 905: 387: 3748: 4239: 2916: 991: 868: 706: 3011: 1421: 4219: 3158: 3128: 570: 496: 952:

On April 5, 2008, a celebration of the 125th anniversary of John Montgomery's first glide took place at the

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Aerial Navigation, Chicago, Aug. 1–4. 1893 pp. 246–249.

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Montgomery first tested his concepts for the design, construction and control of gliders with small-scale,

3445: 3112: 1596:"Montgomery First to Conquer the Air: Austrian Officials after Inquiry Give Palm to California Inventor," 442:

rejected the manuscript, but later published an abstract. Chanute also directed one of his collaborators,

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In 1919, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors changed the name of the Marina Flying Field just east of

717: 261: 143: 3926: 2656:

Aerial California: An Account of Early Flight in Northern and Southern California, 1849 to World War I,

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in 2001, California Aviation Hall of Fame in 2015., and International Aerospace Hall of Fame in 2017.

3368: 2065: 1074: 483:) at San Jose incorporating Montgomery's propeller design and a 7-horsepower motorcycle engine (the 4164: 2812: 2775: 909: 725: 598: 3582: 878:

In 1924, a new engineering building was dedicated as the Montgomery Laboratories on the campus of

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City and County of San Francisco, Board of Supervisors, Municipal Record 12, no. 1 (1919), p. 394

883: 420: 206: 3577: 3258: 957: 953: 946: 879: 794:

Silver Wing monument at Montgomery-Waller Recreation Center in Otay Mesa, San Diego, California

443: 326: 309: 202: 3635: 1104:, presented at the Aeronautics Congress, New York, Oct. 28–29, 1907. Published as a series in 790: 894: 446:, to study the manuscript, as he considered it instructive in understanding "ground effect." 301: 225: 213: 53: 651:, a full-length movie based on John J. Montgomery's life and work. The film was directed by 4139: 4134: 4086: 1031: 872: 779: 729: 582: 476: 464: 75: 3564:

John J. Montgomery Personal Papers, San Diego Air and Space Museum, San Diego, California.

1735:"Machine with Wings Upsets Theories," "Years of Research Applied to Solving the Problem," 8: 3888: 3196: 713: 684:, San Diego, California and Glenn Ford had also served in San Diego during World War II. 677: 578: 433: 399: 71: 3916: 2865: 1916:

Montgomery, Richard J. Direct Testimony in Court (Equity No. 33852) on January 13, 1919.

3848: 3336: 2970: 1026: 652: 428: 233: 217: 3758: 3728: 3599: 2334:

John J. Montgomery, letter to Octave Chanute, April 11, 1905 in Arthur Spearman, S J,

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Montgomery, John J. "The Origin of Wing Warping: Professor Montgomery's Experiments",

859: 209:, who is best known for his invention of controlled heavier-than-air flying machines. 4046: 3946: 3936: 3878: 3708: 3474: 2102:

Chanute, Octave (July 15, 1895). "Montgomery publication". Letter to John Montgomery.

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Chanute, Octave (July 17, 1895). "Montgomery publication". Letter to Matthias Forney.

1789:, American School of Correspondence, Chicago.(Introduction written by Orville Wright) 1638: 1484: 1102:

Principles Involved in the Formation of Winged Surfaces and the Phenomenon of Soaring

1021: 931: 642: 606: 523: 519: 151: 2990:

Pizarro: Evergreen artwork honors valley's pioneer of flight - San Jose Mercury News

1083:, Address to the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles, Nov. 9, 1897. 1081:

The Mechanics Involved in a Bird's Wing in Soaring and Their Relation to Aeronautics

3906: 3818: 3738: 3718: 3321:

Rhodes, W.T. (1951). "Montgomery Freeway Will Relieve Traffic in South San Diego".

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to Montgomery on April 29, 1946, at the location of Maloney's 1905 glider flights.

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An Epitome of the Work of the Aeronautic Society from July, 1908 to December, 1909

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established a new exhibit for John J. Montgomery in their main rotunda, including

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Fliegende Menschen! Das Ringen um die Beherrschung der Luft mittels Flugmaschinen

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Montgomery, John J. (1894) "Discussion of the Various Papers on Soaring Flight,"

1964:

Montgomery, John J. (1894) "Discussion of the Various Papers on Soaring Flight,"

1577:, Edited by Distinguished Biographers, James T. White & Co. Volume XVI, 1916. 1428: 1292: 1036: 763: 664: 647: 3798: 1995: 1680:

Hearings, Reports and Prints of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics,

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John J. Montgomery Collection, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California.

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Scamehorn, Howard Lee (1905). "Thomas Scott Baldwin: The Columbus of the Air".

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Aerial Navigation of To-day: A Popular Account of the Evolution of Aeronautics

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In the fall of 1904 Montgomery conducted tests of his tandem-wing glider, the

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sought Montgomery's knowledge of aeronautics. Baldwin had also been assisting

32: 4128: 4066: 3838: 3788: 3778: 3698: 1265: 1251: 1237: 1223: 1209: 1155: 1141: 371: 278: 229: 115: 102: 3088: 2113:

Chanute, Octave (March 17, 1895). "Ground effect". Letter to August Herring.

4096: 4006: 3868: 3828: 746: 742: 391: 285: 242: 3594: 3297:"John J Montgomery Obelisk - Santa Clara, CA - Obelisks on Waymarking.com" 2917:"Montgomery-Waller Recreation Center - City of San Diego Official Website" 3966: 3583:

John J. Montgomery: Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum

3549:

Quest for Flight: John J. Montgomery and the Dawn of Aviation in the West

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Montgomery, John J. (1909). "Some Early Gliding Experiments In America".

1481:

Quest for Flight: John J. Montgomery and the Dawn of Aviation in the West

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in Chicago, intending initially to attend a lecture by electrical expert

2736: 2627:

Aeronautics – Handbook of Collection Illustrating Heavier-Than-Air Craft

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Masfrand, D.E. (1905). "Les Essais et la Catastrophe du 'Santa Clara'".

2044: 1968:(M.N. Forney, ed.), Chicago, Illinois, Aug. 1-4, 1893, Published by the 4205:

Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States

3419:"John J. Montgomery - Father of Basic Flight - 125th Anniversary Event" 1552:. The University of Michigan: Longmans Green & Company. p. 17. 668: 656: 330: 3446:"San Diego Air & Space Museum - Historical Balboa Park, San Diego" 3245:"San Diego Air & Space Museum - Historical Balboa Park, San Diego" 2477: 2034: 904:

In the 1960s, the National Society of Aerospace Professionals and the

4036: 1854:"The Great Jewel of Education: 1880-1905 - St. Ignatius College Prep" 1129:, September 22, 1915, pp. 99–100 (article printed posthumously). 562: 350: 221: 194: 3015: 1381:

Colwell, J.H. (1920). "The Origin and Development of Aeronautics".

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From 1893 to 1895, while teaching at Mount St. Joseph's College in

338: 198: 3166: 3136: 1637:. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 1634:

Aerospace Engineering Education During the First Century of Flight

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as his wife Regina (née Cleary), whom he had married in 1910, and

3037: 2461:

Coupin, Henri (1905). "Un descende de 1200 metres en aeroplane".

1996:"Forgotten Aviation Pioneer: California's Own John J. Montgomery" 1111:

Montgomery, John J. "Some Early Gliding Experiments in America",

1054:

glider restored by the Smithsonian Institution on display at the

554: 502: 342: 245:

systems for roll (1903–1905) and for both pitch and roll (1911).

193:(February 15, 1858 – October 31, 1911) was an American inventor, 975:

manuscript from 1896. In 2017, Montgomery was inducted into the

3665: 3259:"Santa Clara University School of Engineering - Campus Changes" 3109: 2123:"Local scientists invent a new system of wireless telegraphy," 1613:

Jacobs, James W. "John Joseph Montgomery." In James W. Jacobs,

1090:, The Aeroplane Advertising Co., Santa Clara, California, 1905. 2019:"A Home School – What is Taught at Mt. St. Joseph's College," 630:

The Santa Clara Valley Aero Club (1911), first Vice President.

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in constructing and experimenting with an airship (dubbed the

3492:"Crownair Aviation hangs replica Santa Clara glider in lobby" 3062:

John J. Montgomery Elementary School, Chula Vista, California

1897:. Santa Clara, California: The Aeroplane Advertising Company. 1799:"The Origin of Warping: Professor Montgomery's Experiments". 1325:"An American Pioneer of Soaring Flight: John J. Montgomery". 806:

John J. Montgomery Elementary School, Chula Vista, California

1878:

Montgomery, John (1910). "Our Tutors in the Art of Flying".

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Albert F. Zahm, "The Growth of Passive Flyers in Aviation"

1512:"Montgomery's Gliding Experiments", in Hayward, Charles B. 260:

Montgomery attended St. Ignatius College, now known as the

162:

aviation pioneer, inventor, professor of physics, physicist

2479:

On the Invention of Lateral Control: Wright and Montgomery

2137:"Montgomery Seeks to Restrain Baldwin and Seeks Damages". 986:

glider was installed in the lobby of Crownair Aviation at

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John J. Montgomery Elementary School, San Jose, California

926:

On March 19, 2005, John J. Montgomery was the focus of a

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These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame

2885:

Wilson, Bob (1994). "Starting the Montgomery Monument".

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to side gusts. He returned to ornithology and noted how

3282:"Tribute to 'Father of Flying' Planned by Bay Region," 1621:

35. Dayton, Ohio: National Aviation Hall of Fame, 1984.

1125:

Montgomery, John J. "Our Tutors in the Art of Flying",

1093:

Montgomery, John J. "New Principles in Aerial Flight",

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On October 31, 1911, Montgomery was attempting to land

3612:

History of John J. Montgomery's flights at Rohnerville

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Bell, Richard H. (1905). "The Success of March 18th".

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Harwood, Craig S.; Fogel, Gary B. (January 7, 2019).

2213:"Careful Research of Several Years Assured Success". 2033:

Fogel, Gary B.; Harwood, Craig S. (January 4, 2016).

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He initially attempted to achieve manned flight with

2228:"Inventor of New Airship Has Trouble with Baldwin". 756:(KMYF) in San Diego, California, one of the busiest 2615:, Munn & Co., Inc., New York, NY, 1912. p. 441. 2589:, American School of Correspondence, Chicago, 1912. 2382:DeMeriel, P. (1905). "Un aeroplane a 1200 meters". 2039:. 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. San Diego. 1064:

Discussions on the Various Papers on Soaring Flight

4265:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1911 4210:Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery (Colma, California) 1966:Proceedings of the Conference on Aerial Navigation 1483:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2316:Dewey, Elbert E. (1905). "An Airship's Success". 767:Dedication plaque for Montgomery Field, San Diego 4126: 3578:John J. Montgomery: San Diego Historical Society 2523:"Most Daring Test of Flying Machine Ever Made". 2302:Knabenshue, A. R., "My Flights in the 'Arrow'", 2286:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 2066:"John J. Montgomery Manuscript "Soaring Flight"" 1403:Hunt, Rockwell D. (1932). "John J. Montgomery". 337:roll control. In essence these flaps were early 216:, made manned flight experiments in a series of 3544:. Santa Clara University 1967 and 2nd ed. 1977. 3110:Montgomery Middle School, San Diego, California 2573:Octave Chanute, "Montgomery's Experiments", in 2560:Maxim, Hudson and William Joseph Hammer. 1910. 2242:J. Mayne Baltimore, "The New Baldwin Airship," 2036:John J. Montgomery's Circulation Theory of Lift 1600:, May 16, 1909. See also "Conquering the Air," 1297:. New York, NY: Aeronautic Society of New York. 848:Montgomery Middle School, San Diego, California 830:Montgomery Middle School, San Diego, California 760:airports in the world, was named in his honor. 2564:. Westfield, N.J.: H. Francis, printer., p. 8. 2259:(New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1912), 30. 1587:and Santa Clara University" (brochure, 11 pp.) 1122:(London), Vol. 3, No. 6, 1910, pp. 63–64. 889:In 1949, a section of what is now part of the 736: 618:The Pacific Aero Club (1909), founding member. 506:John J. Montgomery and his tandem-wing glider 3651: 2336:John Joseph Montgomery Father of Basic Flying 1148:Devulcanizing and restoring vulcanized rubber 990:in San Diego. The glider is on loan from the 676:William Wellman had served previously in the 612: 3624:That Magnificent Man With His Flying Machine 3219:"California Aviation Hall of Fame Inductees" 2762:Hollywood Pilot: The Biography of Paul Mantz 2658:Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles, California. 2575:Herman Modebeck's Pocket Book of Aeronautics 2475: 2032: 1615:Enshrinee Album: The First Twenty-One Years, 1541: 1539: 1537: 1478: 3666:Aviators killed in early aviation accidents 3595:Biography with photos at flyingmachines.org 3081:"Evergreen School District: Search Results" 2902:"First Glider Tower Takes Initial Flight," 1798: 1461: 1350:. London, England: King, Sell & Olding. 971:glider from 1911 and Montgomery's original 3658: 3644: 3542:John J. Montgomery: Father of Basic Flying 2764:, Doubleday and Co., Inc., Garden City, NY 2734: 1953:The American Engineer and Railroad Journal 1877: 1817:Chanute, Octave. (1907) "Montgomery." In: 1766: 1692:Histoire de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, 1453: 977:International Air & Space Hall of Fame 333:their wings as a form of lateral balance. 31: 3159:"Montgomery Middle School, San Diego, CA" 2283: 1924: 1922: 1630: 1545: 1534: 1458:(Speech). Aeronautic Society of New York. 1431:Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum 867:John J. Montgomery was inducted into the 353:. Controls allowed the pilot to vary the 16:American inventor, engineer and professor 4235:National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees 2381: 2366: 2306:, Nov. 10, 1904, vol LVII, pp 1127-1130. 2178: 2176: 1892: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1046: 999:American Society of Mechanical Engineers 936: 928:Centennial Celebration of Soaring Flight 921:American Society of Mechanical Engineers 858: 789: 762: 696: 553: 501: 499:in November, 1904 and took first place. 304:based on the curve of the seagull wing. 4270:St. Ignatius College Preparatory alumni 4230:Inventors killed by their own invention 4225:History of San Diego County, California 3600:John J. Montgomery: Santa Clara College 3129:"Montgomery High School, San Diego, CA" 2898: 2896: 2810: 2773: 2269:"Did Baldwin Have Ideas for Airship?". 2112: 2101: 2090: 1523: 1521: 1380: 692: 277:pelicans which soared on thermals near 4127: 3362:"John Joseph Montgomery - 1883 Glider" 3320: 2884: 2700: 2482:. AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. San Diego. 2460: 2338:, Univ. of Santa Clara, 1967 pp. 92-94 1970:American Engineer and Railroad Journal 1919: 1717:"Professor Montgomery's Experiments". 1666:"Flug-Revue" ("Flight Review"), 1968, 1454:Montgomery, John J. (April 21, 1910). 1398: 1396: 1376: 1374: 1360: 1307: 1115:, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1909, pp. 47–50. 801:Chula Vista Elementary School District 782:is also named in honor of Montgomery. 458: 427:and attempted to have it published by 413:American Engineer and Railroad Journal 411:, which was published serially in the 316:was controlled by pilot weight shift. 4185:Aviation history of the United States 3639: 3547:Harwood, Craig S. and Fogel, Gary B. 2887:San Diego Aerospace Museum Newsletter 2315: 2173: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1755: 1467: 1434: 1290: 1017:List of Santa Clara University people 837:Sweetwater Union High School District 667:. The stunt pilots for the film were 518:, with associates Frank Hamilton and 495:in the aeronautic competition at the 341:. The second glider had a flat plate 291: 212:In the 1880s Montgomery, a native of 3555: 3551:. University of Oklahoma Press 2012. 2893: 2866:#711: Montgomery Memorial, Otay Mesa 2855:(August). Bonnier Corporation. 1946. 2624: 2451:, March 31, 1905, MO XVI.—NUM. 5.242 2347: 2255:Glenn H. Curtiss and Augustus Post, 2217:. San Francisco, CA. March 26, 1905. 1518: 1479:Harwood, Craig; Fogel, Gary (2012). 1402: 1383:Journal of the Patent Office Society 1075:manuscript, 1895 (under flickr.com) 854: 813:Evergreen Elementary School District 374:for lateral balancing, but did not. 300:. His first glider in 1883-84 had a 3444:Museum, San Diego Air & Space. 2811:Campion, John C. (September 1950). 2774:Campion, John C. (September 1950). 2232:. San Francisco, CA. April 7, 1905. 2202:. San Francisco, CA. April 8, 1905. 2141:. San Francisco, CA. April 7, 1905. 1985:Vol. 1, No. 10 (July), pp. 127-128. 1393: 1371: 1367:. London, England: Seeley & Co. 1012:Timeline of aviation – 19th century 680:and was stationed as an officer at 601:. John J. Montgomery was buried at 522:. On March 16, 17 and 20, 1905, in 13: 3443: 2829:from the original on April 2, 2015 2792:from the original on April 2, 2015 2629:. London, England: Science Museum. 2613:Scientific American Reference Book 2273:. San Jose, CA. December 27, 1904. 1833: 1748:"Third Tests Are All Successful," 988:Montgomery-Gibbs Executive Airport 634: 463:In early 1903, veteran balloonist 232:'s coachman in England (1853) and 14: 4281: 4245:People from Yuba City, California 3571: 2735:Neil Doyle (September 24, 1946). 2701:Gibson, Ada (1910). "Club News". 2246:91, no. 9 (August 27, 1904): 147. 2187:. San Jose, CA. December 6, 1904. 2156:. San Jose, CA. December 5, 1904. 1785:Hayward, Charles B. (ed.) (1912) 1546:Pritchard, John Lawrence (1929). 825:San Diego Unified School District 776:Experimental Aircraft Association 621:The Aero Club of Illinois (1910). 4145:19th-century American physicists 3510: 3484: 3473:. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. 3463: 3437: 3411: 3386: 3354: 3329: 3314: 3289: 3276: 3251: 3237: 3211: 3181: 3151: 3121: 3103: 3073: 3055: 3030: 3004: 2995: 2983: 2964: 2934: 2447:A. Jeyasmet, "Máquina Veladora" 2023:, Eureka, CA, December 31, 1894. 1563:The Journal of San Diego History 1056:San Diego Air & Space Museum 965:San Diego Air & Space Museum 709:are associated with Montgomery: 180: 4160:Accidental deaths in California 4155:20th-century American inventors 4150:19th-century American inventors 2971:#813: Montgomery Hill, San Jose 2909: 2878: 2859: 2841: 2804: 2767: 2754: 2728: 2709: 2694: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2648: 2633: 2618: 2605: 2592: 2579: 2567: 2554: 2535: 2516: 2501: 2469: 2454: 2441: 2422: 2403: 2390: 2375: 2360: 2341: 2328: 2309: 2296: 2277: 2262: 2249: 2236: 2221: 2206: 2191: 2160: 2145: 2130: 2117: 2106: 2095: 2084: 2058: 2026: 2013: 1988: 1975: 1958: 1941: 1931: 1910: 1901: 1886: 1871: 1824: 1811: 1792: 1779: 1742: 1729: 1710: 1697: 1685: 1673: 1660: 1651: 1624: 1607: 1590: 1580: 1568: 1556: 1506: 1497: 1314:. Paris, France: Derlis Fréres. 1042: 724:Montgomery Hill, San Jose near 707:California Historical Landmarks 539:and another tandem wing glider 386:In 1893 Montgomery visited the 377: 3534: 2598:Klemin, Alexander. "Gliding," 2198:"Aeronauts Row Over Airship". 1415: 1354: 1337: 1318: 1301: 1284: 992:San Diego Air and Space Museum 869:National Aviation Hall of Fame 687: 487:of G.H. Curtiss Mfg Co.). The 308:was controlled by an operable 271: 1: 4250:People from Aptos, California 3469:Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. 1737:San Jose Mercury Evening News 1278: 571:1906 San Francisco earthquake 4215:Gliding in the United States 4170:American aerospace engineers 3749:Antonio Fernández Santillana 2542:"The Montgomery Aeroplane". 2508:"The Montgomery Aeroplane". 2429:"The Montgomery Aeroplane". 1893:Kavanagh, Dennis K. (1905). 1565:, July 1968, Vol. 14, No. 3. 1258:Rectifying electric currents 1172:Petroleum burner and furnace 547: 449: 388:World's Columbian Exposition 248: 7: 4175:American flight instructors 3629:September 27, 2011, at the 3617:September 27, 2011, at the 2849:"Retakes of Flying History" 2654:Johnson, Kenneth M. (1961) 2412:Wiener Luftschiffer-Zeitung 1949:Progress in Flying Machines 1405:California and Californians 1361:Turner, Charles C. (1910). 1343: 1005: 982:In June 2023, a replica of 737:Airports and aviation clubs 718:Consolidated B-32 Dominator 569:Following the catastrophic 558:John J. Montgomery landing 530:, rechristened that day as 409:Progress in Flying Machines 262:University of San Francisco 10: 4286: 4195:American aviation pioneers 3927:Reginald Archibald Cammell 3518:"John J. Montgomery Award" 2942:"Modern San Diego Dot Com" 2737:"'Gallant Journey' (1946)" 2585:Hayward, Charles B. (ed.) 1819:Pocket-Book of Aeronautics 1703:Davy, Maurice J.B. (1935) 1631:McCormick, Barnes (2004). 1531:Boston: Continental Press. 1456:The Origin of Wing Warping 1133: 906:San Diego Aerospace Museum 899:John J. Montgomery Freeway 785: 613:Organizational memberships 4260:Engineers from California 4255:Catholics from California 3671: 3540:Spearman, Arthur Dunning 2257:The Curtiss Aviation Book 1549:The Book of The Aeroplane 1308:Peyrey, François (1909). 1291:Tandy, Edward T. (1910). 179: 174: 166: 158: 139: 131: 90: 82: 60: 39: 30: 23: 4200:Aviators from California 2871:24 November 2005 at the 2400:(Berlin: O. Salle, 1905) 1947:Chanute, Octave. (1893) 1668:Vereinigte Motor-Verlage 1422:The Montgomery Evergreen 910:John J. Montgomery Award 726:Evergreen Valley College 599:Evergreen Valley College 588: 565:glider in October, 1911. 255:St. Ignatius High School 220:in the United States in 116:37.671155°N 122.445191°W 3605:March 22, 2006, at the 3450:sandiegoairandspace.org 3284:San Francisco Chronicle 3115:2 November 2005 at the 2980:(37.302289 -121.758084) 2875:(32.577449 -117.052631) 2600:Encyclopædia Britannica 2168:New York World Magazine 1344:Walker, Thomas (1910). 1311:Les Oiseaux Artificiels 884:Santa Clara, California 845:, San Diego, California 421:Rohnerville, California 207:Santa Clara, California 170:Regina Cleary (m. 1910) 4180:American glider pilots 3588:April 2, 2011, at the 3337:"US 101 Photo Gallery" 3067:24 August 2007 at the 2992:at www.mercurynews.com 2813:"Paul Tuntland page 5" 2776:"Paul Tuntland page 4" 2640:"Cornell University". 2562:Chronology of Aviation 2463:Le Magasin Pittoresque 2215:San Francisco Bulletin 2185:San Jose Daily Mercury 2154:San Jose Daily Mercury 1769:Aeronautics (New York) 1750:San Francisco Bulletin 1598:San Francisco Examiner 1427:April 2, 2015, at the 1058: 958:San Carlos, California 954:Hiller Aviation Museum 949: 947:Hiller Aviation Museum 880:Santa Clara University 864: 843:Montgomery High School 795: 768: 702: 566: 511: 497:St. Louis World's Fair 203:Santa Clara University 191:John Joseph Montgomery 121:37.671155; -122.445191 25:John Joseph Montgomery 4240:People from San Diego 3374:on September 24, 2015 2976:May 14, 2018, at the 2625:Davy, M.J.B. (1929). 2587:Practical Aeronautics 2324:(September): 476–484. 2271:San Jose Mercury News 2139:San Jose Evening News 1787:Practical Aeronautics 1602:San Francisco Monitor 1266:U.S. patent 0,974,415 1252:U.S. patent 0,974,171 1238:U.S. patent 0,831,173 1224:U.S. patent 0,742,889 1210:U.S. patent 0,679,155 1198:Canadian Patent 70319 1188:Canadian Patent 50585 1156:U.S. patent 0,549,679 1142:U.S. patent 0,308,189 1050: 940: 895:San Diego, California 862: 793: 766: 700: 609:on November 3, 1911. 557: 505: 226:San Diego, California 214:Yuba City, California 54:Yuba City, California 4220:History of San Diego 4087:Samuel Franklin Cody 2760:Dwiggins, Don (1967) 2642:The Cornell Engineer 2512:(May 20): 404. 1905. 2449:El Heraldo de Madrid 1880:Aeronautics (London) 1719:Aeronautics (London) 1168:British Patent 21477 1100:Montgomery, John J. 1097:, November 25, 1905. 1086:Montgomery, John J. 1079:Montgomery, John J. 1069:Montgomery, John J. 1062:Montgomery, John J. 1032:Zachariah Montgomery 873:Soaring Hall of Fame 780:San Jose, California 730:San Jose, California 693:Historical landmarks 583:San Jose, California 528:Montgomery Aeroplane 516:Montgomery Aeroplane 477:San Jose, California 465:Thomas Scott Baldwin 253:Montgomery attended 144:St. Ignatius College 76:San Jose, California 3889:St. Croix Johnstone 3325:. Jan.-Feb.: 34–35. 3323:California Highways 3169:on February 4, 2010 2550:(7): 703–707. 1905. 2531:(6): 703–707. 1905. 2510:Scientific American 2488:10.2514/6.2019-0123 2418:(8): 169–170. 1905. 2396:Hermann Moedebeck, 2386:(November 25): 412. 2318:The Technical World 2244:Scientific American 2170:, November 27, 1904 2125:San Francisco Call, 2072:. December 28, 2012 2045:10.2514/6.2016-1159 1807:(6). London: 63–64. 1725:(6): 73, 111. 1910. 1333:(1): 302–303. 1918. 1246:- 1906 September 18 1178:German Patent 88977 1095:Scientific American 714:Montgomery Memorial 678:U.S. Army Air Corps 603:Holy Cross Cemetery 459:Tandem-wing gliders 440:Scientific American 434:Scientific American 431:and the editors of 201:, and professor at 112: / 83:Cause of death 4190:Aviation inventors 3849:George E. M. Kelly 3677: 3091:on October 6, 2007 2946:modernsandiego.com 2690:(July): 159. 1911. 2371:(August): 178–180. 2200:San Francisco Call 2021:The Daily Standard 2000:militarymuseum.org 1204:- 1901 February 19 1194:- 1895 November 14 1184:- 1895 November 12 1174:- 1895 November 12 1164:- 1895 November 12 1150:- 1884 November 18 1059: 1027:Frederick Marriott 997:Also in 2023, the 950: 865: 796: 769: 703: 653:William A. Wellman 579:Evergreen district 567: 512: 429:Matthias N. Forney 355:angle of incidence 298:free flight models 292:Fixed-wing gliders 234:Jean-Marie Le Bris 4122: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4047:Lewis C. Rockwell 3894: 3893: 3879:William R. Badger 3709:Daniel J. Maloney 3556:Research archives 3479:978-1-57864-397-4 3425:on April 10, 2008 3193:soaringmuseum.org 3012:"CAP Squadron 36" 2952:on August 7, 2016 2544:Popular Mechanics 2525:Popular Mechanics 2465:(March): 139–140. 2431:Automotor Journal 2166:Baldwin, Thomas. 1752:, March 26, 1905. 1739:, March 31, 1905. 1619:⟨n⟩ 1347:The Art of Flying 1274:- 1910 November 1 1260:- 1910 November 1 1232:- 1903 November 3 1022:Daniel J. Maloney 963:In May 2016, the 932:Aptos, California 855:Other recognition 752:On May 20, 1950, 643:Columbia Pictures 607:Colma, California 577:(named after the 524:Aptos, California 520:Daniel J. Maloney 188: 187: 95:Colma, California 50:February 15, 1858 4277: 3997:Calbraith Rogers 3917:Édouard Nieuport 3900: 3899: 3819:Archibald Hoxsey 3739:Ferdinand Ferber 3719:Thomas Selfridge 3682: 3681: 3674: 3673: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3637: 3636: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3488: 3482: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3421:. 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Herring 325:had significant 302:cambered airfoil 266:Bachelor of Arts 184: 127: 126: 124: 123: 122: 117: 113: 110: 109: 108: 105: 86:Gliding accident 67: 64:October 31, 1911 49: 47: 35: 21: 20: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4165:Aerodynamicists 4125: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4027:Eustace Loraine 3987:Suzanne Bernard 3957:John Montgomery 3895: 3809:Ralph Johnstone 3759:Léon Delagrange 3729:Eugène Lefebvre 3689:Otto Lilienthal 3667: 3664: 3631:Wayback Machine 3619:Wayback Machine 3607:Wayback Machine 3590:Wayback Machine 3574: 3558: 3537: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3286:March 11, 1934. 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3228: 3226: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 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Scott 4054: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4017:Harriet Quimby 4014: 4010: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3977:Graham Gilmour 3974: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3937:Paul Engelhard 3934: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3769:Hubert Le Blon 3766: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3592: 3580: 3573: 3572:External links 3570: 3569: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3545: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3509: 3498:. June 2, 2023 3483: 3462: 3436: 3410: 3398:waymarking.com 3385: 3353: 3328: 3313: 3301:waymarking.com 3288: 3275: 3250: 3236: 3210: 3189:"Hall of Fame" 3180: 3150: 3120: 3102: 3072: 3054: 3042:eaachapter.org 3029: 3003: 2994: 2982: 2963: 2933: 2908: 2892: 2877: 2858: 2840: 2820:soaringweb.org 2803: 2783:soaringweb.org 2766: 2753: 2727: 2708: 2693: 2678: 2669: 2660: 2647: 2632: 2617: 2604: 2591: 2578: 2566: 2553: 2534: 2515: 2500: 2468: 2453: 2440: 2421: 2402: 2389: 2374: 2359: 2340: 2327: 2308: 2295: 2276: 2261: 2248: 2235: 2220: 2205: 2190: 2172: 2159: 2144: 2129: 2127:March 6, 1904. 2116: 2105: 2094: 2083: 2057: 2025: 2012: 1987: 1974: 1972:, pp. 247-249. 1957: 1940: 1930: 1918: 1909: 1900: 1885: 1870: 1858:www.siprep.org 1832: 1823: 1810: 1791: 1778: 1754: 1741: 1728: 1709: 1696: 1684: 1672: 1659: 1650: 1643: 1623: 1606: 1589: 1579: 1567: 1555: 1533: 1517: 1505: 1496: 1490:978-0806142647 1489: 1466: 1433: 1414: 1392: 1370: 1353: 1336: 1317: 1300: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1261: 1247: 1233: 1219: 1218:- 1901 July 23 1205: 1195: 1185: 1182:Petroleum oven 1175: 1165: 1151: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1123: 1116: 1109: 1098: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1071:Soaring Flight 1067: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1007: 1004: 973:Soaring Flight 914:Neil Armstrong 908:established a 897:was named the 871:in 1964, U.S. 856: 853: 852: 851: 850: 849: 846: 833: 832: 831: 821: 820: 819: 809: 808: 807: 787: 784: 738: 735: 734: 733: 722: 694: 691: 689: 686: 682:Rockwell Field 655:, and starred 638: 633: 632: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 614: 611: 590: 587: 551: 546: 541:The California 460: 457: 451: 448: 425:Soaring Flight 400:Albert F. Zahm 396:Octave Chanute 379: 376: 364:Octave Chanute 293: 290: 273: 270: 250: 247: 186: 185: 177: 176: 172: 171: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 70: 68:(aged 53) 62: 58: 57: 52: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4282: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4067:Wilfred Parke 4065: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 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