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31:
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153:
After priming the firearm and adding the gunpowder, the shooter would light a grenade fuse, place the grenade in the muzzle of the mortar, then fire it at the enemy. However, accidents could occur if the weapon misfired and the lit grenade remained in the barrel. Additional modifications attempted to
157:
The low number of surviving specimens of this firearm indicate that it was not a popular weapon, possibly due to the safety issues. In his essay on the weapon, Hewitt opines that the mortar is among a variety of "projects for destruction which have never destroyed anything but the fortunes of their
128:
firearm (depending on the date of production), but the barrel was short, usually 2 inches (5.1 cm) to 4 inches (10 cm) long (though some are reported to have barrels up to 13 inches (33 cm) long), and had a large bore to accommodate the grenade; usually between 2 and 2.5 inches (5.1
185:
gave an account of a sailor using a hand mortar. The hand mortar was described as being able to throw a leaden projectile and a line a distance of 80 yards (73 metres). It, however, doesn't seem to have any direct connection to the military hand mortars of the 17th century, rather being a hand
259:(probably the battle of Issoire) in 1562. Explosive grenades were made from brass, glass, and possibly clay, and incendiary projectiles were made from canvas, however, Nathanael Nye, Master Gunner of the City of Worcester in a work titled
198:
At least one version of the hand mortar was probably invented by John Tinker in 1681. However, his mortar may have been an improvement on an earlier piece. A reference to this mortar may have appeared in a work titled
263:
published in 1647, remarks that the soldiers of his day were not fond of handling the grenades because they were too dangerous. While there are substantial records of infantry units called
243:, where an incendiary prototype may have been produced. However, widespread use of the explosive grenade does not occur until the early-to-mid-16th century under
316:
248:
643:
869:
154:
light the grenade using the burning gunpowder, but accounts say that the fuse would be forced into the grenade which would explode immediately.
169:
Hand mortars were also to be found in the New World. References to a hand mortar being transferred in
Maryland are found in the record of
609:
570:
Illustrated Naval and
Military Magazine: A Monthly Journal Devoted to All Subjects Connected with Her Majesty's Land and Sea Forces
145:
1016:
953:
1021:
1223:
400:
Official Report of the
Calcutta International Exhibition, 1883–84: Compiled Under the Orders of the Executive Committee
161:
30:
864:
1417:
1381:
633:
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216:
1422:
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zu Berlin) produced 302 hand mortars (Handmörser). Additionally, a mortar at the Museum of
Artillery in
1412:
851:
281:
256:
421:
Browne, W.H.; Hall, C.C.; Steiner, B.C.; Maryland
Historical Society; Maryland State Archives (1903).
968:
207:, and attributes its invention to a Dutch engineer, Menno Van Coehoorn, who lived from 1641 to 1704.
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The first references to the type of grenade used in a hand mortar occur in a 1472 work titled
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throughout the 18th century in Europe, these units generally threw the grenades by hand.
244:
137:
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69:
317:"Hand mortars: An early grenade launchers used from the 1500s through the early 1800s"
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which refers to a tinker's mortar. Another account refers to a hand mortar as a
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a hand mortar is described as "only a toy ... never intended for service."
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Meyers
Konversations-Lexikon: Eine Encyklopädie des allgemeinen Wissens
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224:
112:
that was used in the late 17th century and 18th century to throw fused
227:(France)) and several other surviving pieces bear the coat of arms of
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223:, Great Britain bears the inscription Fondeur á Strasbourg (made in
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which were used during the 19th century for throwing lines.
403:. Vol. 2. Bengal Secretariat Press. 1885. p. 676
543:
The Life of Henry the Fourth, King of France and
Navarre
427:. Vol. 23. Maryland Historical Society. p. 459
149:
Some German hand mortars from the 16th to 18th centuries
448:
Life-boats, Projectiles and Other Means for Saving Life
183:
Life-boats, Projectiles and Other Means for Saving Life
617:
487:. Vol. 4. Bibliographisches Institut. p. 195
332:, Pollards History of Firearms Ed. 1983, pp 56–58, 92
215:
Between 1672 and 1740, the Royal
Foundry of Berlin (
158:inventors." In fact, under military exhibitions in
335:
247:. An early casualty of this type of grenade was
231:indicating that they might have been made there.
1399:
895:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
930:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
603:
539:
255:wounds to the legs from a grenade during the
444:
505:Henry, A.; Thompson, D.; Coues, E. (1897).
480:
610:
596:
379:. Longman, Rrown (sic), Green, and Longman
171:The Proceedings of the Council of Maryland
144:
136:
561:
533:
498:
1400:
1017:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
954:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages
787:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon
438:
414:
369:
365:
363:
361:
359:
1022:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
591:
474:
391:
857:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
356:
13:
546:. Harper & Brothers. pp.
14:
1434:
162:Calcutta International Exhibition
573:. Vol. 8. 1888. p. 310
108:and early predecessor of modern
29:
522:
1382:Category:Early modern firearms
890:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
861:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
465:
323:
309:
176:
116:. The action was similar to a
1:
847:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
827:Belton M1777 repeating musket
302:
234:
210:
973:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
193:
7:
1114:Medieval large calibre guns
762:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
732:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
511:. F. P. Harper. p. 428
270:
160:The Official Report of the
10:
1439:
852:M1696 French common musket
508:The Red river of the North
376:The Archaeological Journal
282:Type 89 grenade discharger
57:Menno Van Coehoorn Others
1377:
1344:
1281:
1195:Byzantine rocket launcher
1175:
1113:
969:Breech-loading swivel gun
938:
813:
782:Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun
657:
629:
141:An example from the 1590s
78:
68:
63:
50:
45:
37:
28:
21:
805:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
752:Meriam kecil hand cannon
717:Heilongjiang hand cannon
677:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
345:. gentlemenoffortune.com
132:
1387:Category:Early firearms
1204:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
529:de:Königliches Gießhaus
181:In 1872, a work titled
1418:Anti-personnel weapons
791:Shou Chong hand cannon
649:History of the firearm
540:James, G.P.R. (1847).
451:. W. P. Lunt. p.
150:
142:
129:and 6.4 centimetres).
1237:rocket arrow launcher
1231:rocket arrow launcher
1215:Fire crow rocket bomb
842:Che Dian Chong musket
727:Huo Chong hand cannon
445:Forbes, R.B. (1872).
148:
140:
74:Incendiary, Explosive
1224:Hale rocket launcher
915:Spanish M1752 musket
795:Tanegashima arquebus
697:English horse pistol
639:History of gunpowder
481:Meyer, H.J. (1889).
424:Archives of Maryland
217:Königliches Gießhaus
1243:(Chinese petroleum)
1134:Dardanelles bombard
1105:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
1057:Obusier de vaisseau
245:Francis I of France
1423:Projectile weapons
1273:Thunder crash bomb
920:Springfield musket
837:Charleville musket
737:Istinggar arquebus
319:. 29 October 2016.
151:
143:
46:Production history
1413:Grenade launchers
1395:
1394:
1283:Firing mechanisms
1262:Petroleum naphtha
1167:Pumhart von Steyr
1130:Byzantine bombard
1032:Hu Dun Pao cannon
832:Brown Bess musket
110:grenade launchers
98:
97:
1430:
1067:Pierrier a boite
800:Toradar arquebus
747:Jiaozhi arquebus
672:Bajozutsu pistol
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687:Combination gun
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1408:Early firearms
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55:John Tinker
53:
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40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1316:Muzzleloader
1291:Breechloader
1269:rocket arrow
1241:Meng Huo You
1192:rocket arrow
1182:incendiaries
1154:Grose Bochse
1100:Wankou Chong
711:
575:. Retrieved
569:
563:
552:. Retrieved
542:
535:
524:
513:. Retrieved
507:
500:
489:. Retrieved
483:
476:
471:Blair, pp 92
467:
456:. Retrieved
447:
440:
429:. Retrieved
423:
416:
405:. Retrieved
399:
393:
381:. Retrieved
375:
371:Hewitt, John
347:. Retrieved
343:"handmortar"
337:
330:Claude Blair
325:
311:
260:
251:who died of
240:
238:
214:
200:
197:
182:
180:
170:
168:
159:
156:
152:
101:
99:
56:
23:Hand Mortar
1354:Huolongjing
1346:Literatures
1149:Faule Mette
1144:Faule Grete
1139:Dulle Griet
1002:Ekor lotong
964:Baton a feu
865:Jäger rifle
757:Muff pistol
712:Hand mortar
707:Hand cannon
682:Blunderbuss
287:Hand cannon
229:Württemberg
177:Naval usage
102:hand mortar
1402:Categories
1257:Pen Huo Qi
1219:Greek fire
1210:Fire arrow
1095:Xanadu Gun
1082:Swivel gun
1072:Pot de fer
1012:Fauconneau
702:Fire lance
577:2015-07-19
554:2015-07-19
515:2015-07-19
491:2015-07-19
458:2015-07-19
431:2015-07-19
407:2015-07-19
388:pp. 218–23
383:2009-03-10
349:2015-07-19
303:References
297:Fire lance
265:grenadiers
235:Ammunition
225:Strasbourg
211:Production
164:, 1883–84
1364:Wubei Zhi
1336:Wheellock
1321:Snaphance
1306:Matchlock
1301:Flintlock
1267:Singijeon
1090:Veuglaire
1086:Tarasnice
1062:Organ gun
1027:Hongyipao
992:Chongtong
982:Carronade
941:artillery
905:Musketoon
772:Pepperbox
241:Valturius
194:Inventors
173:in 1698.
126:wheellock
122:matchlock
118:flintlock
93:wheellock
89:matchlock
85:flintlock
1326:Snaplock
1159:Mons Meg
1007:Falconet
997:Culverin
959:Basilisk
925:Wall gun
767:Petronel
667:Arquebus
659:Firearms
634:Timeline
373:(1866).
271:See also
253:shrapnel
221:Woolwich
114:grenades
51:Designer
1296:Doglock
1252:Naphtha
1229:Huo Che
1190:Bo-hiya
1178:rockets
1126:Basilic
1121:Bombard
1042:Lantaka
987:Cetbang
819:muskets
205:coehorn
106:firearm
41:Firearm
16:Firearm
1235:Hwacha
1176:Early
1077:Prangi
1052:Mortar
977:Cannon
939:Early
900:Musket
880:Jingal
815:Rifles
777:Pistol
692:Dragon
292:Cohorn
80:Action
133:Usage
124:, or
104:is a
91:, or
70:Shell
1180:and
1047:Lela
949:Abus
817:and
621:and
550:–261
100:The
38:Type
1404::
453:24
358:^
120:,
87:,
611:e
604:t
597:v
580:.
557:.
548:1
518:.
494:.
461:.
434:.
410:.
386:.
352:.
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