31:
157:
30:
1295:
184:, as part of his policy of governing his exceedingly diverse subjects according to their own laws and authorities wherever possible. Religion was considered as primordial aspect of a communities 'national' identity, so the term
1288:
2801:
1281:
400:
440:
450:
238:
everywhere in the Middle East in early modern times. They held broad powers to legislate, judge and enforce the laws among the Jews in the
Ottoman Empire and often sat on the
943:
Armenian: The term xaxamglxut‘iwn is used in documents even though
Armenian had a word for rabbi, "rabbuni". xaxam is from the Turkish, for rabbi, and "glux" means "head".
480:
978:
540:
350:
390:
992:
360:
1522:
610:
1695:
410:
2808:
2164:
1621:
708:
530:
630:
380:
330:
2738:
799:
520:
500:
370:
2818:
1936:
1883:
1387:
1356:
2608:
620:
490:
3189:
1950:
1419:
1411:
1379:
1364:
581:
470:
2127:
2034:
1578:
1395:
420:
340:
1586:
1483:
1467:
1451:
1443:
1371:
1245:
1174:
1126:
1075:
510:
1475:
1435:
1349:
591:
460:
430:
2850:
2191:
963:. Strauss stated that there was a possibility that Persian took the word from Ottoman Turkish as he did not see it in earlier dictionaries.
3174:
3164:
2937:
2638:
2743:
2201:
3041:
2538:
2211:
3006:
2275:
2347:
2186:
3090:
2882:
2870:
2787:
2469:
2342:
2206:
193:
3001:
2295:
1996:
1225:
1154:
1106:
1055:
2479:
2454:
2423:
2098:
148:
used the word "Hakham" for a rabbi, something not done in Hebrew, and the
Ottoman Turks adopted this usage for this name.
2265:
2086:
2027:
279:
was also used for the official
Government-appointed Chief Rabbi of other important cities in the Ottoman Empire, such as
3179:
3135:
3095:
3069:
3023:
2764:
2511:
2159:
1273:
2393:
2310:
2300:
2144:
1017:
1000:
3184:
2733:
3169:
3031:
2996:
2902:
2860:
2154:
934:
2855:
2681:
2622:
2228:
2020:
1427:
3128:
3074:
2924:
2914:
2408:
2196:
2051:
885:
100:
2692:
2474:
2223:
1025:, 'Appendix 1: Grand Rabbis of Istanbul and the Ottoman Empire, and Chief Rabbis of republican Turkey', in
960:
900:
17:
3100:
3064:
3046:
3013:
2984:
2499:
1403:
47:
2759:
2064:
1251:
1180:
1132:
1081:
2149:
1333:
1304:
2907:
2666:
2655:
2137:
1255:
1184:
1136:
1085:
249:
The office also maintained considerable influence outside the
Ottoman Empire, especially after the
59:
3142:
2648:
2491:
1929:
1782:
1679:
808:
787:
2716:
2317:
2103:
2079:
1890:
1201:(in Hebrew). מכון בן-צבי לחקר קהילות ישראל במזרח של יד בן-צבי והאוניברסיטה העברית. p. 16.
2962:
1224:
and Other
Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.).
1153:
and Other
Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.).
1105:
and Other
Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.).
1054:
and Other
Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.).
2723:
2438:
2233:
1721:
1713:
1650:
1570:
1554:
983:
2947:
2932:
2676:
1814:
1546:
848:
758:
738:
215:
Because of the size and nature of the
Ottoman state, containing a far greater part of the
8:
2671:
2433:
2074:
1506:
748:
688:
294:
terminated with the appointment of separate Ashkenazi and Sephardi Chief Rabbis in 1921.
3056:
2108:
1303:
2979:
2238:
2115:
2091:
1642:
1239:
1220:
Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the
1168:
1149:
Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the
1120:
1101:
Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the
1069:
1050:
Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the
291:
2504:
3110:
2952:
2305:
1806:
1538:
1530:
1202:
1013:
996:
838:
728:
718:
669:
219:
than any other, the position of Hakham Bashi has been compared to that of the Jewish
2969:
2728:
2526:
2059:
1876:
1745:
1267:
Official Gazette of the Government of Palestine, Number 40, April 1, 1921, page 10.
1022:
107:
it was also used for the chief rabbi of a particular region of the empire, such as
79:
67:
2332:
2974:
2828:
2769:
2531:
2290:
1737:
1341:
320:
250:
145:
84:
3036:
2989:
2043:
1989:
1922:
1790:
1704:
1633:
949:
905:
818:
189:
177:
161:
116:
104:
3158:
2957:
2897:
2711:
2382:
2369:
2337:
2327:
2322:
1975:
1968:
1830:
1459:
1206:
1005:
868:
310:
165:
108:
2594:
2843:
2813:
2703:
2521:
2428:
2120:
2069:
1982:
1862:
1798:
1753:
1729:
1514:
890:
828:
650:
550:
156:
112:
46:, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the
35:
2643:
2352:
2218:
1943:
1915:
1897:
1869:
1822:
1671:
1562:
1197:ברטל, ישראל. "הארץ ויהודיה". In בן-נאה, ירון; הלד דילהרוזה, מיכל (eds.).
858:
640:
209:
96:
956:(chachampasēs) which is explained as "μεγάλος ραβίνος" or "Grand Rabbi".
2892:
2516:
1315:
988:
910:
777:
769:
698:
570:
560:
2359:
2887:
2660:
2587:
2570:
2364:
1761:
895:
181:
123:
2243:
2686:
2418:
2132:
1773:
1662:
1231:
1160:
1112:
1061:
915:
602:
280:
231:
220:
216:
197:
185:
27:
Turkish term used to refer to the chief rabbi of the Ottoman Empire
2838:
2443:
2833:
2603:
2577:
2258:
2253:
2012:
302:
284:
2823:
3105:
2582:
2565:
2413:
1603:
959:
Persian: khākhāmbāšīgarī is used in the Persian version of the
265:
239:
201:
258:
254:
243:
205:
212:
in Istanbul had a much higher status, even of cabinet rank.
188:
has been applied to such religious leaders, especially the (
2599:
235:
1029:(New York City: New York University Press, 1991), 272-273.
38:) to the left of a Monastir town dweller and a Salonika
1027:
The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic
208:
was the official religion of both court and state, the
122:
In 1840, a position of Hakham Bashi was established in
119:
was considered overall head of the Jews of the Empire.
253:
of numerous Jewish communities and individuals out of
770:
Sephardi Chief Rabbis of British Mandatory Palestine
680:
1096:
1094:
1045:
1043:
264:The Chief Rabbi of the modern, secular Republic of
798:
661:
3156:
1142:
1091:
1040:
603:Chief Rabbis of the Turkish Republic (Hahambaşı)
196:(i.e. in the Sultan's imperial capital, renamed
1012:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984).
137:is Hebrew for "wise man" (or "scholar"), while
1213:
303:Chief Rabbis of the Ottoman Empire (Hahambaşı)
2028:
1289:
160:Chief Rabbi Jacob Saul Dwek, Hakham Bashi of
44:Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873
1307:, Mandatory Palestine and Ottoman Palestine
2035:
2021:
1296:
1282:
1244:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1173:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1125:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1074:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1227:The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy
1156:The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy
1108:The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy
1057:The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy
987:(CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0), edited by
257:(after the fall of Granada in 1492) and
226:In the Ottoman Empire, and as such, the
155:
29:
3190:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1219:
1148:
1100:
1049:
935:In languages of other ethnic minorities
14:
3157:
194:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
2016:
1277:
297:
78:
230:was the closest thing to an overall
63:
204:as republican capital in 1923). As
24:
3175:Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles
3165:Chief rabbis of the Ottoman Empire
2460:(reform and constitutional period)
2042:
1187:) - Cited: p. 45-46 (PDF p. 47-48)
1139:) - Cited: p. 47-48 (PDF p. 49-50)
1088:) - Cited: p. 49-50 (PDF p. 51-52)
1033:
25:
3201:
2348:List of Ottoman sultans' consorts
2311:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
1190:
681:Chief Rabbis of Ottoman Palestine
2343:List of Ottoman sultans' mothers
1196:
290:The position of Hakham Bashi of
2424:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
800:Sephardi Chief Rabbis of Israel
662:Chief Rabbis of Ottoman Galilee
2165:Persecution of Ottoman Muslims
1428:Moshe Yosef Mordechai Meyuchas
1261:
928:
95:) is the Turkish name for the
34:Hakham Bashi of Salonika (now
13:
1:
972:
886:History of the Jews in Turkey
401:Yomṭov ben Ḥananiah Ben Yaqar
115:, though the Hakham Bashi of
91:; translated into French as:
1258:) - Cited: p. 46 (PDF p. 48)
1199:הישוב הישן הספרדי בארץ ישראל
961:Ottoman Constitution of 1876
940:Arabic: ruʾasāʾ al-khākhāmāt
129:
7:
2609:Vassal and tributary states
1404:Raphael Meyuchas ben Shmuel
879:
10:
3206:
441:Abraham ben Ḥayyim Rosanes
151:
3180:Turkish words and phrases
3123:
3083:
3055:
3022:
2923:
2878:
2869:
2786:
2752:
2702:
2630:
2621:
2558:
2490:
2452:
2391:
2380:
2283:
2274:
2182:
2175:
2128:Decline and modernization
2050:
1960:
1907:
1854:
1845:
1772:
1703:
1694:
1661:
1632:
1613:
1600:
1494:
1334:Moshe ben Yonatan Galante
1325:
1312:
1305:Chief Rabbinate of Israel
953:
2656:Six Divisions of Cavalry
2192:Foreign Affairs Ministry
1846:Chief Rabbinate Council
1256:Martin Luther University
1185:Martin Luther University
1137:Martin Luther University
1086:Martin Luther University
921:
541:Jacob (or Yakup) Avigdor
451:Solomon Ḥayyim Alfandari
351:Eliyyah Benjamin ha-Levi
200:in 1930 but replaced by
48:1873 Vienna World's Fair
42:(Islamic teacher), from
3185:Jewish leadership roles
2649:Agha of the Janissaries
2296:List of Ottoman sultans
1930:Yitzchak Dovid Grossman
1783:Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel
1680:Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel
809:Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel
788:Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel
501:Samuel ben Moses Ḥayyim
176:was established by the
172:The institution of the
141:is Turkish for "head".
88:
55:Hakham Bashi - חכם באשי
3170:Chief rabbis of Turkey
2851:Science and technology
2301:Roman succession claim
1696:Chief Rabbis of Israel
993:Keter Publishing House
169:
71:
50:
2724:Dragoman of the Fleet
2439:Dragoman of the Porte
2229:Armenian Constitution
2116:Stagnation and reform
1722:Isser Yehuda Unterman
1714:Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog
1651:Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog
1607:(Mandatory Palestine)
1571:Eliyahu Moshe Panigel
1555:Yaakov Shaul Elyashar
1523:Chaim Nissin Abulafia
984:Encyclopaedia Judaica
979:Haim Ze'ew Hirschberg
946:Bulgarian: Xaxamabaši
481:Ḥayyim Jacob Benyakar
159:
103:. In the time of the
80:[haˈhambaˈʃɯ]
33:
2444:Outer Palace Service
2360:Inner Palace Service
1848:(current as of 2008)
1815:Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron
1547:Raphael Meir Panigel
849:Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron
759:Elijah Moses Panigel
739:Raphael Meir Panigel
2639:Classic period army
2480:Chamber of Deputies
2455:Imperial Government
1891:She'ar Yashuv Cohen
1622:Haim Moshe Elyashar
1507:Chaim Abraham Gagin
1319:(Ottoman Jerusalem)
749:Jacob Saul Elyashar
709:Haim Nisim Abulafia
689:Chaim Abraham Gagin
2266:Translation Office
2150:2nd Constitutional
2138:1st Constitutional
2092:Sultanate of Women
1643:Abraham Isaac Kook
1614:Acting Chief Rabbi
981:, 'Hakham Bashi',
631:Rafael David Saban
611:Haim Moşe Becerano
361:Eliyyah ben Ḥayyim
331:Mordechai Komitano
298:List of incumbents
268:is still known as
170:
51:
3152:
3151:
3119:
3118:
3111:Star and crescent
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2617:
2616:
2554:
2553:
2306:Ottoman Caliphate
2187:Foreign relations
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1841:
1840:
1807:Mordechai Eliyahu
1690:
1689:
1596:
1595:
1539:Avraham Ashkenazi
1531:Chaim David Hazan
1252:info page on book
1181:info page on book
1133:info page on book
1082:info page on book
1010:The Jews of Islam
877:
876:
839:Mordechai Eliyahu
796:
795:
767:
766:
729:Abraham Ashkenazi
719:Chaim David Hazan
678:
677:
670:Makhlouf Eldaoudi
659:
658:
600:
599:
521:Jacob Behar David
391:Yomṭov Ben Yaʿesh
16:(Redirected from
3197:
2883:Social structure
2876:
2875:
2729:Imperial Arsenal
2628:
2627:
2462:
2401:
2399:(classic period)
2394:Imperial Council
2389:
2388:
2281:
2280:
2180:
2179:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2014:
2013:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1937:Yosef Glicksburg
1932:
1925:
1918:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1884:Shlomo Chelouche
1879:
1877:Yisrael Meir Lau
1872:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1746:Yisrael Meir Lau
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1701:
1700:
1683:
1675:
1654:
1646:
1625:
1611:
1610:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1388:Yitzhak Rapaport
1383:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1357:Avraham Yitzhaki
1352:
1345:
1337:
1323:
1322:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1249:
1243:
1235:
1234:. p. 21-51.
1217:
1211:
1210:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1163:. p. 21-51.
1146:
1140:
1130:
1124:
1116:
1115:. p. 21-51.
1098:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1065:
1064:. p. 21-51.
1047:
966:
955:
932:
805:
804:
774:
773:
685:
684:
666:
665:
607:
606:
307:
306:
251:forced migration
234:authority among
101:Jewish community
99:of the nation's
89:xaxam (חכם) baši
82:
77:
65:
21:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3115:
3079:
3051:
3018:
2919:
2908:Ottoman Turkish
2865:
2774:
2748:
2698:
2693:Modernized army
2677:Sekban-i Djedid
2613:
2550:
2505:Shaykh al-Islām
2486:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2448:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2376:
2291:Ottoman dynasty
2270:
2171:
2046:
2041:
2011:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1847:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1738:Avraham Shapira
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1628:
1620:
1606:
1602:
1601:Chief Rabbis of
1592:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1342:Moshe ibn Habib
1340:
1332:
1318:
1314:
1313:Chief Rabbis of
1308:
1302:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1237:
1236:
1218:
1214:
1195:
1191:
1166:
1165:
1147:
1143:
1118:
1117:
1099:
1092:
1067:
1066:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1034:Reference notes
1023:Stanford J Shaw
975:
970:
969:
933:
929:
924:
882:
803:
772:
683:
664:
621:Haim Ishak Saki
605:
531:Ḥayyim ha-Kohen
491:Abraham ha-Levi
321:Elijah Mizrachi
305:
300:
154:
132:
75:
60:Ottoman Turkish
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3203:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Nizam-i Djedid
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2634:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2597:
2595:Mutasarrifates
2592:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2466:
2464:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Reis ül-Küttab
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2392:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2370:Palace Schools
2367:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2318:Imperial Harem
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2287:
2285:
2284:House of Osman
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2104:Decline thesis
2099:Transformation
2096:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2080:Constantinople
2077:
2072:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:Ottoman Empire
2040:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1997:Yitzhak Peretz
1993:
1990:Shmuel Eliyahu
1986:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1951:Yitzhak Ralbag
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1923:Yaakov Shapira
1919:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1791:Yitzhak Nissim
1787:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
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1684:
1676:
1667:
1665:
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1647:
1638:
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1630:
1629:
1627:
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1615:
1608:
1598:
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1583:
1575:
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1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1420:Yom Tov Algazy
1416:
1412:Haim ben Asher
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1380:Nissim Mizrahi
1376:
1368:
1365:Binyamin Maali
1361:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1326:Rishon L'Tzion
1320:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1212:
1189:
1141:
1090:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1020:
1003:
974:
971:
968:
967:
965:
964:
957:
947:
944:
941:
926:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
913:
908:
906:Landesrabbiner
903:
898:
893:
888:
881:
878:
875:
874:
871:
865:
864:
861:
855:
854:
851:
845:
844:
841:
835:
834:
831:
825:
824:
821:
819:Yitzhak Nissim
815:
814:
811:
802:
797:
794:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
771:
768:
765:
764:
761:
755:
754:
751:
745:
744:
741:
735:
734:
731:
725:
724:
721:
715:
714:
711:
705:
704:
701:
695:
694:
691:
682:
679:
676:
675:
672:
663:
660:
657:
656:
653:
647:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
627:
626:
623:
617:
616:
613:
604:
601:
598:
597:
594:
588:
587:
584:
582:Shabbetai Levi
578:
577:
574:
567:
566:
563:
557:
556:
553:
547:
546:
543:
537:
536:
533:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
507:
506:
503:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
483:
477:
476:
473:
471:Elijah Palombo
467:
466:
463:
457:
456:
453:
447:
446:
443:
437:
436:
433:
427:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
407:
406:
403:
397:
396:
393:
387:
386:
383:
381:Joseph Miṭrani
377:
376:
373:
367:
366:
363:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
313:
304:
301:
299:
296:
190:Greek Orthodox
153:
150:
131:
128:
117:Constantinople
105:Ottoman Empire
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3202:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Ottoman court
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:Naval battles
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:Kapudan Pasha
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2667:Reform period
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:Haseki sultan
2326:
2324:
2323:Valide sultan
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:United States
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:Classical Age
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:Osman's Dream
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2015:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:Avraham Yosef
1973:
1970:
1969:Shimon Elituv
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1832:
1831:Yitzhak Yosef
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:Nahman Batito
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:Yom Tov Danon
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:Israel Algazy
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:Kanun-ı Esasi
1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:Kanun-ı Esasi
1145:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1103:Kanun-ı Esasi
1097:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:Kanun-ı Esasi
1046:
1044:
1039:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:0-691-00807-8
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Bernard Lewis
1004:
1002:
1001:965-07-0665-8
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:
980:
977:
976:
962:
958:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
936:
931:
927:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
873:2013–present
872:
870:
869:Yitzhak Yosef
867:
866:
862:
860:
857:
856:
852:
850:
847:
846:
842:
840:
837:
836:
832:
830:
827:
826:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:
810:
807:
806:
801:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
720:
717:
716:
712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
673:
671:
668:
667:
654:
652:
649:
648:
644:
642:
639:
638:
634:
632:
629:
628:
624:
622:
619:
618:
614:
612:
609:
608:
595:
593:
590:
589:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
572:
569:
568:
564:
562:
559:
558:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
542:
539:
538:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
519:
518:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
502:
499:
498:
494:
492:
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
472:
469:
468:
464:
462:
459:
458:
454:
452:
449:
448:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
422:
421:Judah Ben Rey
419:
418:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
398:
394:
392:
389:
388:
384:
382:
379:
378:
374:
372:
371:Yeḥiel Bassan
369:
368:
364:
362:
359:
358:
354:
352:
349:
348:
344:
342:
341:Tam ibn Yahya
339:
338:
334:
332:
329:
328:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
312:
311:Moses Capsali
309:
308:
295:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
166:Ottoman Syria
163:
158:
149:
147:
142:
140:
136:
127:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:khakham-bachi
90:
86:
81:
73:
69:
61:
57:
56:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
3141:
3136:Bibliography
3134:
3127:
3096:Coat of arms
3070:Christianity
3024:Demographics
3007:of Armenians
2948:Illumination
2933:Architecture
2814:Central bank
2765:Conscription
2691:
2682:Mansure Army
2665:
2637:
2544:Hakham Bashi
2543:
2512:Christianity
2459:
2409:Grand Vizier
2398:
2250:Civil codes
2224:Constitution
2070:Ghaza thesis
1983:Ratzon Arusi
1863:Yona Metzger
1799:Ovadia Yosef
1754:Yona Metzger
1730:Shlomo Goren
1587:Nissim Danon
1515:Yitzhak Kovo
1496:Hakham Bashi
1495:
1484:Yehuda Navon
1468:Shlomo Suzin
1452:Yosef Hazzan
1444:Yaakov Coral
1372:Elazar Nahum
1263:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1198:
1192:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1107:
1102:
1056:
1051:
1026:
1009:
982:
930:
891:Ottoman Jews
829:Ovadia Yosef
651:Ishak Haleva
511:Moses Fresco
411:Ḥayyim Qamḥi
289:
277:Hakham Bashi
276:
274:
269:
263:
248:
228:Hakham Bashi
227:
225:
214:
174:Hakham Bashi
173:
171:
143:
138:
134:
133:
121:
92:
54:
53:
52:
43:
39:
36:Thessaloniki
18:Hacham bashi
2963:Shadow play
2809:Agriculture
2802:Reformation
2798:Enlargement
2644:Janissaries
2353:Kizlar Agha
2338:Hanımefendi
2333:Kadınefendi
2145:Dissolution
2075:Interregnum
1944:Yaakov Roja
1916:Aryeh Stern
1898:Yehuda Deri
1870:Shlomo Amar
1833:(2013–2024)
1825:(2003–2013)
1823:Shlomo Amar
1817:(1993–2003)
1809:(1983–1993)
1801:(1973–1983)
1793:(1955–1973)
1785:(1948–1953)
1764:(2013–2024)
1756:(2003–2013)
1748:(1993–2003)
1740:(1983–1993)
1732:(1973–1983)
1724:(1964–1973)
1716:(1948–1959)
1682:(1939–1948)
1674:(1921–1939)
1672:Yaakov Meir
1653:(1936–1948)
1645:(1921–1935)
1624:(1918–1921)
1581:(1909-1911)
1573:(1907–1908)
1563:Yaakov Meir
1557:(1893–1906)
1549:(1880–1893)
1541:(1869–1880)
1533:(1861–1869)
1525:(1854–1861)
1517:(1848–1854)
1509:(1842–1848)
1499:(1842–1918)
1486:(1841–1842)
1478:(1836–1841)
1476:Yonah Navon
1470:(1824–1836)
1462:(1822–1824)
1454:(1819–1822)
1446:(1817–1819)
1438:(1806–1817)
1436:Yaakov Aish
1430:(1802–1805)
1422:(1772–1802)
1414:(1771–1772)
1406:(1756–1771)
1398:(1754–1756)
1382:(1748–1754)
1374:(1730–1748)
1359:(1715–1722)
1350:Moshe Hayun
1344:(1689–1696)
1336:(1665–1689)
901:Crown rabbi
859:Shlomo Amar
641:David Asseo
592:Ishak Ariel
551:Yakir Geron
461:Meir Ishaki
431:Samuel Levi
210:Chief Mufti
97:Chief Rabbi
3159:Categories
2980:Literature
2893:Ottomanism
2588:Sanjakbeys
2571:Beylerbeys
2559:Provincial
2276:Government
2239:Family law
1604:New Yishuv
1316:Old Yishuv
989:Cecil Roth
973:References
954:χαχαμπάσης
911:Schutzjude
863:2003–2013
853:1993–2003
843:1982–1993
833:1972–1982
823:1955–1972
813:1948–1953
792:1939–1948
782:1921–1939
778:Jacob Meir
753:1893–1906
743:1880–1892
733:1869–1880
723:1861–1869
713:1854–1861
703:1848–1854
699:Isaac Kovo
693:1842–1848
674:1889–1909
645:1961–2002
635:1940–1960
625:1931–1940
615:1920–1931
596:1919–1920
586:1918–1919
576:1908–1920
571:Haim Nahum
565:1872–1908
561:Moses Levi
555:1863–1872
545:1860–1863
535:1854–1860
525:1841–1854
515:1839–1841
505:1836–1837
495:1835–1836
485:1800–1835
475:1780–1800
465:1762–1780
455:1745–1762
445:1720–1745
435:1717–1720
425:1715–1717
415:1677–1715
405:1642–1677
395:1639–1642
385:1625–1639
375:1602–1625
365:1543–1602
345:1542–1543
335:1526–1542
325:1497–1526
315:1454–1495
232:Exilarchal
3032:Armenians
2997:Education
2953:Miniature
2903:Languages
2888:Devshirme
2861:Transport
2661:Timariots
2527:Bulgarian
2419:Kazaskers
2381:Central (
2365:Kapi Agha
2234:Electoral
2160:Abolition
2155:Partition
1908:Ashkenazi
1855:Permanent
1762:David Lau
1705:Ashkenazi
1634:Ashkenazi
1240:cite book
1207:1565-0774
1169:cite book
1121:cite book
1070:cite book
995:, 1997).
896:Court Jew
292:Palestine
275:The term
270:Hahambaşı
182:Mehmet II
130:Etymology
124:Jerusalem
72:Hahambaşı
64:حاخامباشی
3143:Category
3057:Religion
2970:Clothing
2856:Taxation
2819:Currency
2760:Aviation
2734:Admirals
2687:Hamidieh
2623:Military
2604:Kadiluks
2578:Vilayets
2532:Armenian
2470:Assembly
2207:Treaties
2176:Politics
2133:Tanzimat
1961:Sephardi
1774:Sephardi
1663:Sephardi
1232:Wurzburg
1161:Wurzburg
1113:Wurzburg
1062:Wurzburg
916:Shtadlan
880:See also
573:Effendi
281:Damascus
221:Exilarch
217:diaspora
198:Istanbul
186:Ethnarch
146:Karaites
3129:Outline
3084:Symbols
3075:Judaism
3002:Schools
2975:Cuisine
2938:Mosques
2925:Culture
2915:Slavery
2871:Society
2834:Sultani
2795:By era
2788:Economy
2770:Weapons
2583:Sanjaks
2566:Eyalets
2539:Judaism
2492:Millets
2429:Nişancı
2414:Viziers
2259:Halakha
2254:Mecelle
2197:Safavid
2109:Köprülü
2052:History
285:Baghdad
180:Sultan
178:Ottoman
152:History
68:Turkish
3106:Tughra
3091:Anthem
3037:Greeks
2990:Poetry
2475:Senate
2244:Düstur
1565:(1906)
1205:
1016:
999:
655:2002–
266:Turkey
240:Sultan
202:Ankara
168:, 1908
162:Aleppo
135:Hakham
85:Ladino
3065:Islam
3047:Women
3014:Media
2985:Prose
2958:Music
2839:Kuruş
2753:Other
2744:Ships
2600:Kazas
2522:Ullah
2500:Islam
2383:Porte
2121:Tulip
1390:(?–?)
950:Greek
922:Notes
763:1907
355:1543
259:Italy
255:Spain
244:divan
236:Jewry
206:Islam
109:Syria
40:hodja
3101:Flag
3042:Jews
2944:Art
2844:Lira
2829:Para
2824:Akçe
2717:List
2704:Navy
2631:Army
2212:Wars
2065:Rise
1246:link
1203:ISSN
1175:link
1127:link
1076:link
1014:ISBN
997:ISBN
283:and
144:The
139:başı
113:Iraq
76:IPA:
2517:Rūm
2219:Law
1254:at
1183:at
1135:at
1084:at
242:'s
111:or
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223:.
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