48:
4217:
558:
3186:
1093:(not capitalised) were defined as "personsof nomadic habit of life, whatever their race or origin, but does not include members of an organised group of travelling showmen, or persons engaged in travelling circuses, travelling together as such". This particular definition included non-Romani groups as
956:
that: "We asked many members of the Gypsy, Roma and
Traveller communities how they preferred to describe themselves. While some find the term "Gypsy" to be offensive, many stakeholders and witnesses were proud to associate themselves with this term and so we have decided that it is right and proper
2555:
From the quotations collected for the dictionary, the prevalent spelling of late years appears to have been gipsy. The plural gypsies is not uncommon, but the corresponding form in the singular seems to have been generally avoided, probably because of the awkward appearance of the repetition of
3678:
3620:
p. 52 in Elena
Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov's "Historical and ethnographic background; Gypsies, Roma, Sinti" in Will Guy Between Past and Future: The Roma of Central and Eastern Europe , 2001, UK: University of Hertfordshire
3218:
952:
Committee parliamentary inquiry, as described in their report "Tackling inequalities faced by Gypsy, Roma and
Traveller communities" (published 2019), stated about their findings in the
4182:
2373:
3851:
3069:
934:. The word, while sometimes positively embraced by Romani persons, is also sometimes rejected by other Romani persons as offensive due to it being tainted by its use as a
4177:
2646:
3279:
3511:
2393:
4069:
3836:
2130:
While many Roma feel compelled to hide their identity in fear of persecution, some people of Romani heritage do not consider themselves to be Roma.
1086:
2429:
2204:
p. 13 in Illona
Klimova-Alexander's The Romani Voice in World Politics: The United Nations and Non-State Actors (2005, Burlington, VT.: Ashgate
3397:
3814:
533:
2370:
620:
and various linguistic variations of these names. There are also numerous subgroups and clans with their own self-designations, such as the
2990:
3452:
938:
and a pejorative connotation implying illegality and irregularity, and some modern dictionaries either recommend avoiding use of the word
682:
as an adjective, Romani began to be used as an alternative noun for the entire ethnic group. It is used by some organizations such as the
1774:. This term would later be adapted by the French to refer to a particular artistic and impoverished lifestyle of an individual, known as
3338:
4167:
2624:
4059:
3841:
3578:
2010:
4099:
3705:
3339:"Metal-workers, agriculturists, acrobats, military-people and fortune-tellers: Roma (Gypsies) in and around the Byzantine empire"
2568:
Wolniak, Michal (2019) . "Travelling through Shades of
Whiteness: Irish Travellers as Inferior Whites". In Kirkland, Ewan (ed.).
587:
310:
3077:
2930:
949:
2552:
From the Oxford
English Dictionary (second edition, 1989; online version December 2011) Etymology section for the word gipsy:
790:), to which it has no relation. This is well established in Romani itself, since it represents a phoneme (/ʀ/ also written as
3486:
3159:
3111:
3053:
2970:
2716:
2689:
2665:
2597:
2349:
2316:
2283:
2247:
519:
2986:
3667:
978:
The first usage of the word in
English found by the OED was 1514, with several more usages in the same century, and both
561:
523:
515:
340:
3672:
4202:
3799:
2911:
2892:
2873:
2851:
2832:
2808:
2779:
2760:
2741:
2625:"What's in a Name? Professor take on roles of Romani activist and spokesperson to improve plight of their ethnic group"
678:
is the primary term used in political contexts to refer to the Romani people as a whole. Because all Roma use the word
370:
3372:
3128:
2458:
3794:
2499:
2441:
2123:(plural) were endorsed for Romani people worldwide, these terms have become increasingly widespread, particularly in
179:
3262:
4139:
4114:
3749:
2380:
at In Other WORDS project – Web
Observatory & Review for Discrimination alerts & Stereotypes deconstruction
440:
430:
219:
57:
2215:
2181:
345:
3981:
3887:
3170:
47:
3809:
1946:
4197:
4124:
4008:
3736:
495:
425:
87:
17:
1097:. However, it is commonly understood that the term is an exonym for the Romani people. It originates from
4192:
4064:
3846:
3698:
2171:
580:
420:
3177:
Vol. 1 No. 1. July 2004, pp. 18–28, ISSN 1756-1957. See footnote 5 page 19 (page 2 of the PDF document).
2137:, a number of people of Romani heritage identify as Turks or Bulgarians and some identify as Romanians.
1737:
employs the
Adsincani to exterminate wild animals, who were destroying the game in the imperial park of
1546:
4094:
3904:
3744:
2124:
544:
410:
290:
285:
122:
67:
3208:, Traveller Law Research Unit, Cardiff Law School, P O Box 427, Cardiff CF1 1XD. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
3924:
2417:
1734:
962:
707:
480:
475:
455:
325:
320:
3662:
4187:
4157:
4104:
4003:
3998:
3826:
3420:
2176:
1045:
in lowercase. As time elapsed, the notion of "the gipsy/gypsy" altered to include other associated
539:
505:
460:
435:
390:
385:
375:
360:
355:
350:
330:
305:
300:
295:
280:
1567:
2492:
1325:
1105:
500:
490:
470:
465:
450:
445:
415:
405:
400:
380:
365:
335:
315:
3535:
3691:
3297:
2031:
999:
930:), and some Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names, particularly in the
573:
395:
2824:
2818:
4134:
3877:
3350:
3325:
3045:
2706:
2655:
2156:
687:
112:
2679:
2306:
2273:
2237:
3986:
3774:
3438:
2057:
1910:
1725:
798:) which in some Romani dialects has remained different from the one written with a single
8:
4109:
4043:
4028:
4013:
3882:
3831:
2528:
Non-Aryan linguistic elements in the
Atharvaveda: a study of some words of Austric origin
2005:
1603:
1489:
1276:
1195:
983:
971:
871:
851:
239:
4243:
4162:
4074:
3804:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3314:
3269:, (From March 1995 to December 2002). Retrieved 2008-10-09. Archived from original 2008
3266:
3157:
Human Rights as a Perspective on Entitlements: The Debate over 'Gypsy Fairs' in England
2603:
1671:
1576:
1418:
1409:
1372:
1352:
1204:
1164:
4119:
1424:
117:
4079:
3976:
3492:
3482:
3107:
3049:
2966:
2907:
2888:
2869:
2847:
2828:
2804:
2775:
2756:
2737:
2712:
2685:
2661:
2640:
2607:
2593:
2495:
2345:
2312:
2279:
2243:
1941:
1919:
1888:
1865:
1541:
1532:
1507:
1498:
1469:
1066:
691:
657:
199:
3917:
3412:
2585:
2581:
2435:
1977:
1930:
1835:
1733:, named Adsincani, who were renowned sorcerers and villains". In the text, emperor
1629:
1612:
1594:
1516:
1480:
1444:
1433:
1343:
1312:
1113:
1094:
923:
875:
529:
3156:
2473:
4248:
4221:
3961:
3912:
3892:
3872:
3631:
3596:
3219:"Gypsy, Roma, Traveller & Showmen culture - Support for schools and settings"
3174:
3163:
3099:
3039:
2994:
2928:
2861:
2510:
2462:
2377:
2339:
1957:
1894:
1851:
1808:
1686:
1460:
1400:
1382:
1334:
1296:
882:
847:
272:
154:
92:
82:
31:
3416:
2111:
meaning "black" in Romani language). Following the first World Roma Congress in
4149:
3971:
3939:
3376:
3104:
The world atlas of divination: the systems, where they originate, how they work
2675:
2423:
1798:
1391:
1260:
1168:
979:
953:
946:
931:
683:
62:
2711:. Non-state actors in international law. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 31.
2589:
4237:
4089:
3929:
3779:
3714:
1558:
915:
601:
259:
244:
149:
39:
3821:
3657:
3496:
702:
be restricted to the language and culture: Romani language, Romani culture.
4129:
4084:
3993:
3966:
3956:
3934:
3205:
3132:
2708:
The Romani voice in world politics: the United Nations and non-state actors
2455:
2079:
1821:
1729:(written in the Georgian language), as "a Samaritan people, descendants of
994:
661:
509:
194:
169:
102:
97:
77:
72:
2074:
1018:
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the name was written in various ways:
993:
is sometimes written with a capital letter, to show that it designates an
974:
origin, which first appeared in England about the beginning of the 16th c.
864:
856:
840:
827:
653:
3189:
2061:
1775:
1738:
1730:
1104:
Romani "gipsies" have been a recognised ethnic group for the purposes of
1082:
1046:
935:
889:
739:
have been in use in English since the 19th century as an alternative for
224:
139:
3239:
3206:
Challenging Gypsy planning policies occasional discussion paper number 1
4172:
3949:
3944:
3856:
2161:
2151:
2048:
1715:
1710:
819:
815:
649:
234:
229:
2931:"Tackling inequalities faced by Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities"
740:
641:
209:
2371:
Roma, Sinti, Gypsies, Travellers...The Correct Terminology about Roma
1135:
In several countries, Romani people were thought to come from Egypt.
1054:
625:
184:
164:
3167:
1065:
is used refer to any person perceived by the speaker as fitting the
4033:
3789:
3554:
2769:
2134:
2094:
1050:
1041:, and that is one reason that it is often spelled with the initial
862:, is connected with drumming, linked with the Sanskrit verbal root
829:
823:
645:
633:
605:
214:
2929:
House of Commons Women & Equalities Committee (5 April 2019).
2734:
Sinti and Roma: Gypsies in German-Speaking Society and Literature
2267:
2265:
2146:
1767:
1120:(having already gained recognition in Northern Ireland in 1997).
811:
783:
779:
665:
485:
189:
174:
4183:
Leeds University Library's Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections
3683:
2887:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 400.
2846:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 405.
2801:
The new Partridge dictionary of slang and unconventional English
2755:(3rd ed.). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Pub. p. 159.
4038:
4018:
3784:
3256:
2577:
2573:
2112:
1714:, literally "untouchables"), a term applied to the sect of the
990:
698:
to refer to Romani people around the world, and recommend that
669:
637:
629:
254:
204:
159:
144:
3453:"The Etymology of the words țigan (gypsy) and (r)rom (romany)"
2951:
Oxford English Dictionary 2nd Edition 1989. "Gipsy, gypsy, n."
2337:
2298:
2262:
4023:
2543:
2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), p. 257, entry #2949.
2229:
2166:
2087:
1703:
1689:
1585:
970:
member of a wandering race (by themselves called Romany), of
621:
249:
3852:
Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism
3072:
The 'Gypsy' stereotype and the sexualisation of Romani women
1037:
comes from the spellings which had lost the initial capital
3481:. Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 11.
2186:
1971:
1647:
4178:
Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma
3131:. Roma Participation Program. pp. 1–8. Archived from
3026:», car on attribuait aux bohémiens une origine égyptienne.
1756:, with the meaning ‘nomad, migrant, searcher, traveller’.
3187:
Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act 1960 (c.62)
2770:
Totten, Samuel; Paul R. Bartrop; Steven Leonard (2008).
926:
is pervasive (and is a legal term under English law—see
3129:"PERSPECTIVES The Struggle for the Control of Identity"
957:
to use it, where appropriate, throughout the report."
2860:
2803:(Reprint. ed.). London : Routledge. p. 943.
1744:
An alternative etymological approach traces the Greek
1722:
appear in an 11th-century text preserved in Mt Athos,
2681:
Insiders, Outsiders and Others: Gypsies and Identity
3272:
3240:"Gypsy | Etymology of the name Gypsy by etymonline"
2906:(1. publ., . ed.). London: Sage. p. 291.
2085:In German-speaking Europe, the self-designation is
1101:(a historical name for Romani people in Britain).
2823:. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. 1998. p.
2099:while the groups of Spain, Wales, and Finland use
835:"a man of low caste, living by singing and music"
4070:European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma
2774:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 371.
2704:
1087:Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act 1960
942:entirely or give it a negative or warning label.
4235:
3436:P. Peeters, 'Histoire monastiques géorgiennes',
2645:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2014:
1766:Because many Roma living in France had come via
1678:; use of "roma" is also widespread and supported
1288:
1061:refer to gypsies as "Wise Women". Colloquially,
3559:(in Spanish) (23.6 ed.). RAE – ASALE. 2022
2820:Merriam-Webster's pocket guide to English usage
2338:Nicolae, Valeriu; Slavik, Hannah (2007-07-01).
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
822:share the same etymological origin, reflecting
3528:
2660:. University of California Press. p. 25.
2657:Gypsy law: Romani legal traditions and culture
2304:
2271:
2235:
1950:
1923:
1874:
1869:
1551:
3837:2008–2009 neo-Nazi murders of Roma in Hungary
3815:Deportations of Romani people to Transnistria
3699:
3290:
2901:
2426:at Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
2022:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1934:
1844:
1839:
1622:
1616:
1148:
686:and the US Library of Congress. However, the
581:
3280:"ijito – Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia bilaketa"
2979:
2561:
2489:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
1965:
1903:
1898:
1855:
1827:
1819:
1783:
1476:Central Europe), cíngaros (those from Italy)
1304:
1140:
1110:Commission for Racial Equality v Dutton 1989
1010:
1004:
870:'to sound (as a drum)', perhaps a loan from
3536:"buhame – Harluxet Hiztegi Entziklopedikoa"
3200:
3198:
2798:
2674:
2530:, Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar, 2000, p. 10, 76.
2456:The Institute for Middle East Understanding
2410:
1268:
1179:
1172:
1081:has had several overlapping meanings under
3706:
3692:
3673:Romani words for Romanies and non-Romanies
3516:(in Spanish) (10 ed.). Euskaltzaindia
3298:"ijito – Harluxet Hiztegi Entziklopedikoa"
2736:. Oxford: Berghahn Books, Inc. p. x.
2684:. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 8.
2627:. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016
1653:
1651:
782:in order to distinguish from the Romanian
705:In the English language (according to the
588:
574:
4168:European Center for Antiziganism Research
2945:
2904:Dictionary of race, ethnicity and culture
1167:, they are known by names related to the
838:The ultimate origin of the Sanskrit term
4060:Central Council of German Sinti and Roma
3842:Deportation of Roma migrants from France
3195:
3151:
3149:
3106:. Headline Book Publishing. p. 81.
3097:
2750:
2653:
2481:
1993:
1981:
4100:Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues
3579:"Institutionalisation and Emancipation"
3044:. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p.
3037:
2960:
2731:
2567:
2216:"Les Roms, une nation sans territoire?"
927:
14:
4236:
2882:
2841:
2034:, Romani people are commonly known as
3687:
3476:
3336:
3146:
1072:
694:and other organizations use the term
3546:
2991:Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
2388:
2386:
2364:
3503:
3126:
2868:. New York: Philosophical Library.
2622:
2541:A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary
1899:
1617:
557:
24:
4203:Museum of Roma Culture of Belgrade
3800:Rescue of Roma during the Porajmos
2965:. Slavica Publishers. p. 17.
2885:A dictionary of modern legal usage
2213:
2040:Romany Gypsies, Roma Gypsies, Roma
895:
25:
4260:
3795:Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp
3713:
3658:'gypsy' on the English Wiktionary
3651:
3370:
3098:Matthews, John (6 October 1994).
2866:Dictionary of gypsy life and lore
2705:Klímová-Alexander, Ilona (2005).
2383:
2046:The Roma of England are known as
4216:
4215:
4140:European Roma Information Office
4115:European Roma Information Office
3750:Archaeology of the Romani people
3556:Diccionari de la lengua española
3326:Royal Galician Academy "cíngaro"
2308:We Are the Romani People, Pg XIX
2275:We Are the Romani People, Pg XXI
2115:where usage of the Romani terms
1123:
727:is also a noun (with the plural
556:
46:
3624:
3614:
3589:
3571:
3470:
3445:
3430:
3390:
3364:
3330:
3319:
3315:Royal Galician Academy "cigano"
3308:
3232:
3211:
3180:
3120:
3091:
3062:
3031:
2954:
2922:
2790:
2614:
2546:
2533:
2520:
2504:
2467:
2449:
2311:. Univ of Hertfordshire Press.
2278:. Univ of Hertfordshire Press.
2242:. Univ of Hertfordshire Press.
2239:We Are the Romani People, Pg XX
2182:White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller
3888:Environmental racism in Europe
3810:Gypsy family camp in Auschwitz
2844:Garner's modern American usage
2751:Liégeois, Jean-Pierre (2007).
2654:Weyrauch, Walter Otto (2001).
2474:Online Etymology Dictionary –
2331:
2207:
2198:
1832:(for Basque-speaking Romanies)
1128:
881:'a pair of kettle-drums', and
13:
1:
3679:The Muslim Gypsies in Romania
2192:
1059:The World Atlas of Divination
914:is commonly used to indicate
4198:Gordon Boswell Romany Museum
4125:National Agency for the Roma
4009:World Day of Romani Language
3760:Moldavian–Wallachian slavery
3597:"Fighting for Roma identity"
3479:The Roma in Romanian History
3373:"A Brief History of the Rom"
2539:T. Burrow and M.B. Emeneau,
2420:at dictionary.cambridge.org
1759:
1474:ciganos (those from East and
1156:
1118:O'Leary v Allied Domecq 2000
805:
7:
4193:Basketry Museum of the Roma
4065:European Roma Rights Centre
3847:Roma Holocaust Memorial Day
3417:10.1080/0032472031000147856
3263:Traveller Law Research Unit
3190:The UK Statute Law Database
2902:Guido Bolaffi, ed. (2002).
2515:Sanskrit-English Dictionary
2172:Origin of the Romani people
2140:
1999:
1987:
1966:
1904:
1891:: Arixhi (handler of bears)
1875:
1845:
1770:, they were referred to as
1623:
1552:
1329:
1180:
1116:in England and Wales since
865:
857:
841:
828:
715:is a noun (with the plural
10:
4265:
4095:International Romani Union
3727:Names of the Romani people
3668:Names of the Romani People
2125:Central and Eastern Europe
2009:
1856:
1788:(in the Northern dialects)
1704:
1690:
854:) is uncertain. Its stem,
766:are spelled with a double
723:) and an adjective, while
604:are known by a variety of
134:Romani people by sub-group
4211:
4148:
4052:
3903:
3865:
3735:
3722:
3513:Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia
3411:(2): 365–372. July 1994.
3168:Essex Human Rights Review
2963:A Handbook of Vlax Romani
2883:Garner, Bryan A. (2011).
2842:Garner, Bryan A. (2009).
2799:Tom Dalzell, ed. (2007).
2590:10.1163/9781848883833_011
2432:at oxforddictionaries.com
1961:
1945:
1870:
1840:
1784:
1726:Saint George the Athonite
1685:The name originates with
1652:
1545:
1356:
1316:
1289:
1280:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1173:
963:Oxford English Dictionary
731:) and an adjective. Both
708:Oxford English Dictionary
4188:Museum of Romani Culture
4158:Romani Studies (journal)
4105:Decade of Roma Inclusion
4004:International Romani Day
3041:We are the Romani people
3038:Hancock, Ian F. (2002).
2678:; Myers, Martin (2008).
2444:at collinsdictionary.com
2177:Romani people by country
1882:
3006:Emprunté de l'espagnol
2732:Tebbutt, Susan (1998).
2493:Oxford University Press
2305:Hancock, Ian F (2002).
2272:Hancock, Ian F (2002).
2236:Hancock, Ian F (2002).
2036:Gypsies, Romani Gypsies
2015:
1792:
1511:
1106:Race Relations Act 1976
3583:coe.int/education/roma
3477:Achim, Viorel (2004).
3284:www.euskaltzaindia.eus
2864:; Wade Baskin (1973).
2772:Dictionary of genocide
2558:
2438:at merriam-webster.com
2064:are commonly known as
2032:English-speaking world
2023:
1951:
1935:
1924:
1914:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1802:
1735:Constantine Monomachos
1675:
1633:
1607:
1598:
1580:
1536:
1520:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1473:
1464:
1448:
1437:
1428:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1376:
1347:
1338:
1305:
1300:
1269:
1264:
1149:
1141:
1015:have the same origin.
1011:
1005:
976:
966:states a 'gipsy' is a
918:, and use of the word
814:of the Romani people,
4135:World Romani Congress
4053:Politics and advocacy
3878:Anti-Romani sentiment
3636:Minority Rights Group
3337:White, Karin (1999).
2961:Hancock, Ian (1995).
2553:
2341:Roma diplomacy, Pg 16
2157:List of Romani people
1568:Caló (Spanish Romani)
968:
3775:Great Gypsy Round-up
3457:romanianlanguage.org
3439:Analecta Bollandiana
2584:. pp. 119–131.
1009:and the Basque term
4110:Roma Education Fund
4044:World Roma Festival
4029:Kris (Romani court)
4014:King of the Gypsies
3905:Society and culture
3883:Roma Special School
3832:2006 Ferentari riot
3827:1993 Hădăreni riots
3349:(2). Archived from
2570:Shades of Whiteness
2487:McArthur, T. (ed.)
1528:Other Indo-European
1057:. John Matthews in
997:. The Spanish term
984:William Shakespeare
688:World Roma Congress
195:Kale (Finnish Roma)
190:Kale (Iberian Roma)
4163:Gypsy Lore Society
4075:Ketani Association
3982:Bible translations
3805:Szczurowa massacre
3770:Egyptians Act 1554
3765:Egyptians Act 1530
3755:Feudum Acinganorum
3632:"Roma in Bulgaria"
3405:Population Studies
3267:Cardiff University
3244:www.etymonline.com
3173:2010-04-23 at the
3162:2011-08-25 at the
2461:2007-05-23 at the
2376:2014-07-19 at the
1746:tsiganos/atsiganos
1731:Simon the Magician
1465:tsiganes, tziganes
1165:continental Europe
1073:Use in English law
1003:, the French term
778:, particularly in
311:Bosnia-Herzegovina
4231:
4230:
4080:NGO Roma Together
3488:978-963-9241-84-8
3442:, 36–37, 1917–19.
3113:978-0-7472-7928-0
3055:978-1-902806-19-8
2972:978-0-89357-258-7
2718:978-0-7546-4173-5
2691:978-1-902806-71-6
2667:978-0-520-22186-4
2599:978-1-84888-383-3
2398:www.romarchive.eu
2351:978-1-932716-33-7
2318:978-1-902806-19-8
2285:978-1-902806-19-8
2249:978-1-902806-19-8
1494:ciganos, zíngaros
1067:gypsy stereotypes
906:The English term
692:Council of Europe
598:
597:
200:Kale (Welsh Roma)
16:(Redirected from
4256:
4219:
4218:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3628:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3601:www.eurozine.com
3593:
3587:
3586:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3540:www1.euskadi.net
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3449:
3443:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3419:. Archived from
3402:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3375:. Archived from
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3334:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3302:www1.euskadi.net
3294:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3270:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3215:
3209:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3178:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3076:. Archived from
3066:
3060:
3059:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3014:, altération de
3003:
3002:
2993:. Archived from
2983:
2977:
2976:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2898:
2879:
2857:
2838:
2814:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2766:
2747:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2671:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2582:Brill Publishers
2565:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2465:
2453:
2447:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2390:
2381:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2214:Rothéa, Xavier.
2211:
2205:
2202:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1991:(from Turkish);
1990:
1984:
1983:
1969:
1963:
1954:
1949:
1938:
1927:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1787:
1748:to the Sanskrit
1716:Melchisedechians
1707:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1555:
1549:
1358:
1318:
1308:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1272:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1152:
1144:
1114:Irish Travellers
1095:Irish Travellers
1030:
1014:
1008:
986:used this word.
950:House of Commons
868:
860:
844:
833:
747:is also spelled
590:
583:
576:
560:
559:
534:Hungarian-Slovak
240:Sepečides Romani
50:
27:
26:
21:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4207:
4144:
4120:Kalé Dor Kayiko
4048:
3899:
3893:Romani feminism
3873:Romani diaspora
3861:
3731:
3718:
3712:
3654:
3649:
3640:
3638:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3489:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3382:
3380:
3371:Bates, Karina.
3369:
3365:
3356:
3354:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3309:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3203:
3196:
3185:
3181:
3175:Wayback Machine
3164:Wayback Machine
3154:
3147:
3138:
3136:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3096:
3092:
3083:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3036:
3032:
3023:
3019:
3000:
2998:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2933:. UK Parliament
2927:
2923:
2914:
2895:
2876:
2854:
2835:
2817:
2811:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2763:
2744:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2676:Bhopal, Kalwant
2668:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2600:
2566:
2562:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2534:
2526:Abhijit Ghosh,
2525:
2521:
2511:Monier-Williams
2509:
2505:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2468:
2463:Wayback Machine
2454:
2450:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2378:Wayback Machine
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2270:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2143:
2119:(singular) and
1970:(from the city
1885:
1852:Coptic language
1795:
1764:
1687:Byzantine Greek
1683:
1485:zingari, zigani
1475:
1161:
1133:
1126:
1075:
1028:
904:
808:
614:Roma, Tsinganoi
594:
549:
431:North Macedonia
277:
276:
273:Romani diaspora
264:
155:Burgenland Roma
136:
135:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4262:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3652:External links
3650:
3648:
3647:
3623:
3613:
3588:
3570:
3545:
3527:
3502:
3487:
3469:
3444:
3429:
3426:on 2009-09-14.
3398:"Book Reviews"
3389:
3363:
3329:
3318:
3307:
3289:
3271:
3255:
3231:
3210:
3204:Ravi Low-Beer
3194:
3179:
3155:Thomas Acton.
3145:
3127:Hancock, Ian.
3119:
3112:
3090:
3070:"Hancock, Ian
3061:
3054:
3030:
3018:, proprement «
2978:
2971:
2953:
2944:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:978-0761969006
2912:
2899:
2894:978-0195384208
2893:
2880:
2875:978-0806529851
2874:
2858:
2853:978-0195382754
2852:
2839:
2834:978-0877795148
2833:
2815:
2810:978-0415259378
2809:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:978-0313329678
2780:
2767:
2762:978-9287160515
2761:
2753:Roma in Europe
2748:
2743:978-1571819215
2742:
2729:
2717:
2702:
2690:
2672:
2666:
2651:
2623:Randall, Kay.
2613:
2598:
2560:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2503:
2480:
2476:Douglas Harper
2466:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2409:
2382:
2363:
2350:
2330:
2317:
2297:
2284:
2261:
2248:
2228:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2060:. The Roma of
2028:
2027:
2019:
2003:
1975:
1955:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1908:
1892:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1863:
1849:
1833:
1816:
1806:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1763:
1758:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1645:
1627:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1539:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1514:
1512:zìngari, zanni
1505:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1467:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1330:цигани, cigani
1326:Serbo-Croatian
1323:
1310:
1294:
1274:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1220:
1202:
1187:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1074:
1071:
980:Edmund Spenser
954:United Kingdom
932:United Kingdom
922:in modern-day
903:
894:
846:(perhaps from
807:
804:
684:United Nations
596:
595:
593:
592:
585:
578:
570:
567:
566:
565:
564:
551:
550:
548:
547:
542:
537:
527:
516:United Kingdom
513:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
346:Czechoslovakia
343:
341:Czech Republic
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
271:
270:
269:
266:
265:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
52:
51:
43:
42:
36:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4261:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4224:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Voice of Roma
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Gypsy Scourge
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:– Ian Hancock
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3617:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3558:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3379:on 2010-06-15
3378:
3374:
3367:
3353:on 2014-09-20
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3220:
3214:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3135:on 2009-04-09
3134:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3080:on 2011-07-17
3079:
3075:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3027:
3017:
3013:
3009:
2997:on 2007-08-07
2996:
2992:
2989:(in French).
2988:
2982:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2948:
2932:
2925:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2500:0-19-214183-X
2497:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2266:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1989:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1877:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:Balkan Romani
1557:
1554:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:(after Dutch)
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1245:
1243:(female Roma)
1242:
1233:
1230:
1221:
1219:(Roma people)
1218:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1124:List of names
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
975:
973:
967:
965:
964:
958:
955:
951:
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
916:Romani people
913:
909:
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
867:
861:
859:
853:
849:
845:
843:
836:
834:
832:
831:
825:
821:
817:
813:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:Romani people
591:
586:
584:
579:
577:
572:
571:
569:
568:
563:
555:
554:
553:
552:
546:
543:
541:
538:
535:
531:
530:United States
528:
525:
521:
517:
514:
511:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
274:
268:
267:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Servitka Roma
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
150:Bergitka Roma
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
130:
129:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
40:Romani people
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
19:
4220:
4130:Romani CRISS
4085:Opera Nomadi
3726:
3639:. Retrieved
3635:
3626:
3616:
3605:. Retrieved
3603:. 2022-08-22
3600:
3591:
3585:. p. 3.
3582:
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3555:
3548:
3539:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3512:
3505:
3478:
3472:
3461:. Retrieved
3459:. 2014-12-23
3456:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3421:the original
3408:
3404:
3392:
3381:. Retrieved
3377:the original
3366:
3355:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3346:
3342:
3332:
3321:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3258:
3247:. Retrieved
3243:
3234:
3223:. Retrieved
3221:. 2023-05-19
3213:
3182:
3137:. Retrieved
3133:the original
3122:
3103:
3093:
3082:. Retrieved
3078:the original
3071:
3064:
3040:
3033:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3005:
2999:. Retrieved
2995:the original
2981:
2962:
2956:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2924:
2903:
2884:
2865:
2843:
2819:
2800:
2792:
2771:
2752:
2733:
2722:. Retrieved
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2680:
2656:
2629:. Retrieved
2616:
2569:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2451:
2412:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:
2366:
2355:. Retrieved
2340:
2333:
2322:. Retrieved
2307:
2300:
2289:. Retrieved
2274:
2253:. Retrieved
2238:
2231:
2220:. Retrieved
2209:
2200:
2132:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2082:
2080:Scandoromani
2073:
2069:
2065:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
1860:
1822:erromintxela
1771:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1724:The Life of
1723:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1695:
1684:
1666:
1659:
1641:
1637:
1589:
1571:
1562:
1527:
1455:
1367:
1360:
1320:
1284:
1255:(Roma child)
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1190:
1178:
1162:
1157:
1134:
1129:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1078:
1076:
1062:
1058:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
998:
995:ethnic group
988:
977:
969:
961:
959:
944:
939:
919:
911:
907:
905:
900:
896:
885:
878:
863:
855:
839:
837:
826:
809:
799:
795:
791:
787:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
757:
752:
748:
744:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
706:
704:
699:
695:
679:
675:
674:
617:
613:
609:
608:, mostly as
599:
180:Judeo-Romani
170:Crimean Roma
107:
18:Gypsy (term)
3563:6 September
3520:6 September
3343:Golden Horn
2862:H.E. Wedeck
2218:(in French)
2062:Scandinavia
2058:Angloromani
1936:mustalaiset
1911:Azerbaijani
1776:Bohemianism
1750:atingan(in)
1739:Philopation
1231:(male Roma)
1163:In much of
1130:Gypsy/Gipsy
1083:English Law
1063:gipsy/gypsy
1047:stereotypes
1035:gipsy/gypsy
1033:. The word
936:racial slur
758:Sometimes,
562:WikiProject
496:Switzerland
441:Netherlands
426:New Zealand
225:Polska Roma
140:Afro-Romani
123:Settlements
58:Archaeology
4238:Categories
4173:Roma Route
3999:In fiction
3977:Literature
3866:Population
3857:Romanistan
3822:Mława riot
3641:2024-07-28
3607:2024-07-28
3510:"buhame".
3463:2024-06-11
3383:2010-01-09
3357:2007-08-26
3249:2024-07-31
3225:2024-07-31
3139:2009-05-11
3084:2010-07-08
3001:2007-08-26
2724:2010-05-20
2697:2010-05-20
2631:30 January
2442:Definition
2436:Definition
2430:Definition
2424:Definition
2418:Definition
2403:2024-07-28
2357:2008-07-31
2324:2008-07-31
2291:2008-07-31
2255:2008-07-31
2222:2008-07-31
2193:References
2162:Lom people
2152:Dom people
2092:in France
2075:Romanisael
2049:Romanichal
2006:Mingrelian
1754:tyāgan(in)
1711:athinganoi
1696:atsinganoi
1691:ἀτσίγγανοι
1636:(dialect:
1604:Lithuanian
1588:: चिंगारी
1490:Portuguese
1438:sigøynarar
1303:(synonym:
1287:(synonym:
1277:Macedonian
1267:(synonym:
1196:Belarusian
1112:, as have
654:Romanisael
650:Romanichal
618:Bohémiens,
421:Montenegro
275:by country
235:Ruska Roma
230:Romanichal
4244:Ethnonyms
3918:Alphabets
2608:201423395
2044:Romanies.
2021:Spanish:
2016:çaçanephi
1974:in Egypt)
1925:mustlased
1829:txingartu
1815:(synonym)
1805:(synonym)
1772:Bohémiens
1761:Bohémiens
1720:Adsincani
1705:ἀθίγγανοι
1700:adsincani
1672:Hungarian
1590:Chingaari
1577:Esperanto
1429:sigøynere
1419:Norwegian
1410:Icelandic
1387:sigøjnere
1373:Afrikaans
1353:Ukrainian
1253:tsiganche
1205:Bulgarian
1181:tsinganoi
1174:τσιγγάνοι
1158:Tsinganoi
1147:Spanish:
1085:. In the
1077:The term
1055:exoticism
888:'a drum,
872:Dravidian
852:Dravidian
806:Etymology
626:Kalderash
545:Venezuela
411:Lithuania
291:Australia
286:Argentina
220:Romanisæl
185:Kalderash
165:Cascarots
4222:Category
4034:Rom baro
3962:Folklore
3913:Language
3790:Porajmos
3745:Timeline
3663:dawn.com
3553:"calé".
3497:54529869
3171:Archived
3160:Archived
3022:Égyptien
3016:Egiptano
2641:cite web
2459:Archived
2374:Archived
2141:See also
2135:Bulgaria
2011:ჩაჩანეფი
1967:tsoʿănim
1964:
1942:Georgian
1920:Estonian
1889:Albanian
1866:Japanese
1846:Luōmǔrén
1818:Basque:
1782:Basque:
1698:, Latin
1572:čingarár
1563:Čingaren
1542:Armenian
1533:Albanian
1521:cíngaros
1508:Sicilian
1499:Romanian
1470:Galician
1449:zigenare
1414:sígaunar
1405:Zigeuner
1396:zigeuner
1377:sigeuner
1368:Germanic
1241:tsiganka
1229:tsiganin
1139:Basque:
1099:Egyptian
1051:nomadism
1049:such as
1024:Egypcian
1020:Egipcian
886:ṭamaṭama
824:Sanskrit
812:demonyms
770:, i.e.,
729:Romanies
646:Machvaya
634:Manouche
524:Scotland
481:Slovenia
476:Slovakia
456:Portugal
326:Colombia
321:Bulgaria
215:Machvaya
118:Religion
93:Language
83:Folklore
32:a series
30:Part of
4150:Studies
3972:Cuisine
3940:Hip hop
3737:History
2987:"gitan"
2491:(1992)
2147:Didicoy
2030:In the
1978:Kurdish
1931:Finnish
1836:Chinese
1813:Romowie
1768:Bohemia
1660:Changar
1634:Çingene
1630:Turkish
1613:Persian
1608:Čigonai
1595:Latvian
1517:Spanish
1481:Italian
1456:Romance
1445:Swedish
1434:Nynorsk
1361:tsyhani
1344:Slovene
1321:tsygane
1313:Russian
1306:Romowie
1301:Cyganie
1285:tsigani
1248:циганче
1236:циганка
1224:циганин
1217:tsigani
1091:gipsies
1031:gypcian
947:British
924:English
876:Kannada
874:, e.g.
784:endonym
780:Romania
776:rromani
753:Rommany
666:Xoraxai
642:Lăutari
610:Gypsies
540:Uruguay
506:Ukraine
461:Romania
436:Moldova
391:Ireland
386:Hungary
376:Germany
371:Georgia
361:Finland
356:Estonia
351:Denmark
331:Croatia
306:Belgium
301:Belarus
296:Austria
281:Albania
260:Zargari
210:Lăutari
175:Gurbeti
88:History
68:Culture
63:Cuisine
4249:Romani
4039:Ursari
4019:Marime
3930:Anthem
3785:Dazdie
3717:topics
3715:Romani
3495:
3485:
3110:
3052:
3024:
3020:
3012:gitana
3008:gitano
2969:
2937:13 May
2910:
2891:
2872:
2850:
2831:
2807:
2778:
2759:
2740:
2715:
2688:
2664:
2606:
2596:
2578:Boston
2574:Leiden
2517:(1899)
2498:
2394:"Roma"
2348:
2315:
2282:
2246:
2113:London
2107:(from
2095:Manush
1988:qaraçı
1982:قەرەچی
1962:צוענים
1958:Hebrew
1952:bošebi
1947:ბოშები
1915:Qaraçı
1905:ghájar
1895:Arabic
1809:Polish
1803:Romové
1785:buhame
1718:. The
1676:cigány
1667:Uralic
1642:Cingan
1638:Çingan
1599:čigāni
1581:Cigano
1503:țigani
1461:French
1425:Bokmål
1401:German
1383:Danish
1357:цигани
1348:cigani
1339:cigáni
1335:Slovak
1317:цыгане
1297:Polish
1281:цигани
1270:Romové
1265:cikáni
1212:цигани
1200:цыгане
1191:Slavic
1150:gitano
1108:since
1000:gitano
991:exonym
972:Indian
890:tomtom
883:Telugu
879:ḍamāra
788:români
764:romani
749:Romany
745:Romani
737:Romani
725:Romani
700:Romani
690:, the
680:Romani
670:Modyar
638:Lovari
630:Boyash
510:Crimea
501:Turkey
491:Sweden
471:Serbia
466:Russia
451:Poland
446:Norway
416:Mexico
406:Latvia
401:Kosovo
381:Greece
366:France
336:Cyprus
316:Brazil
255:Ursari
205:Lovari
160:Boyash
145:Arlije
113:People
4024:Gadjo
3994:Media
3987:Poets
3967:Dress
3957:Dance
3935:Music
3621:Press
3424:(PDF)
3401:(PDF)
2604:S2CID
2167:Lyuli
2088:Sinti
2072:, or
2070:Tater
2066:Romer
1883:Other
1799:Czech
1702:) or
1586:Hindi
1553:gnčʿu
1547:գնչու
1537:Cigan
1392:Dutch
1290:ѓупци
1261:Czech
1171:term
1169:Greek
1142:ijito
1079:gipsy
1029:'
1012:ijito
1006:gitan
989:This
940:gypsy
928:below
920:gipsy
912:gipsy
908:gypsy
901:gipsy
897:Gypsy
848:Munda
751:, or
741:Gypsy
662:Kaale
622:Sinti
606:names
486:Spain
396:Italy
250:Sinti
108:Names
103:Music
98:Media
78:Dress
73:Dance
3950:Punk
3945:Jazz
3925:Flag
3565:2023
3522:2023
3493:OCLC
3483:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3050:ISBN
2967:ISBN
2939:2021
2908:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2848:ISBN
2829:ISBN
2805:ISBN
2776:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2738:ISBN
2713:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2647:link
2633:2013
2594:ISBN
2576:and
2496:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2313:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2187:Zott
2121:Roma
2109:kalo
2105:Kale
2101:Kalo
2054:Romá
2042:and
2024:calé
1972:Soan
1876:Roma
1861:Roma
1857:ⲣⲱⲙⲁ
1793:Roma
1752:and
1654:چنگھ
1648:Urdu
1624:Koli
1618:کولی
1053:and
982:and
960:The
899:and
866:ḍam-
842:ḍoma
830:ḍoma
818:and
810:The
794:and
774:and
772:rrom
762:and
735:and
721:Roms
717:Roma
696:Roma
676:Roma
668:and
658:Kale
600:The
520:term
3413:doi
3100:"9"
3046:xxi
2825:178
2586:doi
2133:In
2117:Rom
2078:in
2068:or
2056:in
2052:or
2000:dom
1994:دۆم
1900:غجر
1841:罗姆人
1826:or
1640:or
1185:):
910:or
892:'.
858:ḍom
850:or
820:Dom
816:Lom
760:rom
755:.
733:Rom
719:or
713:Rom
711:),
672:.
4240::
3634:.
3599:.
3581:.
3538:.
3491:.
3455:.
3409:48
3407:.
3403:.
3345:.
3341:.
3300:.
3282:.
3265:,
3242:.
3197:^
3166:,
3148:^
3102:.
3048:.
3010:,
3004:.
2827:.
2643:}}
2639:{{
2602:.
2592:.
2580::
2572:.
2556:y.
2513:,
2416:*
2396:.
2385:^
2344:.
2264:^
2127:.
2038:,
2008::
1997:,
1985:,
1960::
1944::
1933::
1922::
1913::
1897::
1871:ロマ
1868::
1854::
1838::
1811::
1801::
1778:.
1741:.
1674::
1658:,
1650::
1632::
1621:,
1615::
1606::
1597::
1579::
1570::
1561::
1550:,
1544::
1535::
1519::
1510::
1501::
1492::
1483::
1472::
1463::
1447::
1436::
1427::
1421::
1412::
1403::
1394::
1385::
1375::
1359:,
1355::
1346::
1337::
1328::
1319:,
1315::
1299::
1283:,
1279::
1263::
1251:,
1239:,
1227:,
1215:,
1207::
1198::
1089:,
1069:.
1026:,
1022:,
945:A
802:.
796:rh
743:.
664:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
648:,
644:,
640:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
616:,
612:,
536:)
526:)
522:,
512:)
34:on
3707:e
3700:t
3693:v
3644:.
3610:.
3567:.
3542:.
3524:.
3499:.
3466:.
3415::
3386:.
3360:.
3347:7
3304:.
3286:.
3252:.
3228:.
3192:.
3142:.
3116:.
3087:.
3074:"
3058:.
2975:.
2941:.
2916:.
2897:.
2878:.
2856:.
2837:.
2813:.
2784:.
2765:.
2746:.
2727:.
2700:.
2670:.
2649:)
2635:.
2610:.
2588::
2406:.
2360:.
2327:.
2294:.
2258:.
2225:.
2103:/
2097:,
2090:,
2083:.
1708:(
1694:(
1644:)
1309:)
1293:)
1273:)
1177:(
1043:g
1039:E
800:r
792:ř
786:(
768:r
589:e
582:t
575:v
532:(
518:(
508:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
