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1073:. Created before the war, its actors were mostly German officers stationed with the local garrison The mayor responded by pointing out that the theatre was being monitored because of suspected "anti-state activities". According to Kotowski, this episode indicates that even the most minor activities of the German minority were closely scrutinized by the Polish authorities beginning with the earliest phase of Polish policy towards the German minority. The German theatre was re-opened by the Nazis in 1943, while the last director of the Polish theatre in the city in the years 1922–24 was murdered by them.
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57:
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50:
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68:
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1150:. It was headed by a Nazi sympathiser Hilgendorf who praised Nazi ideology The Polish authorities were alarmed when a notebook of one female student was discovered by them, which contained the Nazi party anthem, the Horst Wessel Lied and revisionistic text. The discovery caused outrage and calls to dismiss Hilgendorf due to his irredentist beliefs In November 1933 two German craftsmen were killed by a Polish mob during a local election campaign.
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228:
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974:. To resist Germanisation, Polish activists started to publish the newspaper "Gazeta Grudziądzka" in 1894. It advocated the social and economic emancipation of rural society and opposed Germanization – publishing articles critical of Germany. German attempts to repress its editor Wiktor Kulerski only helped to increase its circulation. From 1898 to 1901, a
1241:, i.e. persons of mixed race) gather at the headquarters of the Einsatzgruppe V (established in the local school). Around 100 people responded to the demand and were immediately arrested and robbed. After this they were transported to an unknown destination and disappeared – it is believed that they were most likely executed by the Germans in the
1228:. After their initial release on the return of the members of the German minority, they were re-arrested and most of them were shot. On 9 September a further 85 Poles were imprisoned by the Germans. The German authorities destroyed the city's monuments to Polish independence, and banned Polish priests from speaking Polish during church masses.
1325:. The local Germans who ran the camp established their own "court" which decided the fate of the prisoners. The "court" comprised: Kurt Gotze, Helmut Domke, Horst Kriedte, Hans Abromeit (owner of a drugstore), Paul Neuman (barber). Based on their decisions, some of the prisoners were sent to concentration camps, 300 were murdered
994:
bilingual people (that is those who could speak both German and Polish) were classified as
Germans. Some analysts have asserted that all people registering as bilingual were classified as Germans. The Polish population in this heavily Germanised city has been officially estimated at around 12–15% during this period.
993:
Census figures published by the German Empire have been criticised as unreliable. Historians believe they have a high degree of falsification; formal pressure on census takers (predominantly school-teachers) was possible, and a new bilingual category was created to further complicate the results, as
577:
In the 14th century, papal verdicts ordered the restoration of the town and region to Poland, however, the
Teutonic Knights did not comply and continued to occupy it. During the era of the Teutonic Knights, Graudenz had become a distinguished trade center in particular for textiles and agricultural
788:
had a station in Grudziądz, which in 1640 was already so strong that it was able to form a residence in Grudziądz, despite objections from the side of the magistrate of the town. In 1648 construction work for building a Jesuit church was taken up. The
Jesuits also founded the Jesuit College, which
1145:
In 1920 a German-language school was founded. In 1931 the Polish government decreed a reduction in the number of German classes in the school and requested lists of
Catholic children and those pupils with Polish-sounding names which they viewed as victims of Germanization, from the German school.
840:
flourished. Among the most successful grain traders were the Schönborn family. In 1776, a decision was made to build a fortress in the town. Between 1796 and 1804, by decision of the King of
Prussia, the Grudziądz Castle was demolished. During the Napoleonic invasion in Prussia in 1806–1807, the
573:
The oldest building parts of the
Catholic St. Nicholas' Church stem from the end of the 13th century. The Holy Spirit Church, which apparently was founded during the 13th century, is mentioned together with the town's hospital for the first time in 1345. Other documents reveal that in the 14th
981:
In
Graudenz, German soldiers were stationed in the local fortress as part of the Germanization measures, and the authorities placed soldiers with the most chauvinistic attitude towards the Poles there. The German government brought in more stationed military, merchants and state officials to
768:
gave order that the
Protestants had to return all churches taken over by them in the past to the Catholics, including all accessories. The Protestants remained in possession solely of St. George's Church until in 1618 when the base of the building was washed away by the
1316:
Teachers, officials, social workers, doctors, merchants, members of patriotic organisations, lawyers, policemen, farmers and 150 Polish priests were held in this camp. There were also around 200 Polish boys, students of local schools, who were soon deported to
1040:
Between 1926 and 1934 the number of
Germans (34,194 in 1910) rose from 3,542 to 3,875. Some Polish authors emphasize a wider emigration pattern motivated chiefly by economic conditions and the unwillingness of the German minority to live in the Polish state.
945:
was enforced to assimilate residents. He brought in German and
Frisian workers and peasants, who in his opinion, were more suitable for building up his new civilization. Frederick settled around 300,000 colonists in the eastern provinces of
1369:
participated in those battles and covered the final surrender of the German garrison in his book "To Be Preserved Forever". He describes the joint psychological warfare in March 1945 by the Red Army and members of the
966:
writes that in areas where the Polish population lived alongside Germans a virtual apartheid existed, with bans on the Polish language and religious discrimination, besides attempts to colonize the areas with Germans.
721:, the city and its castle were captured by the Swedes and occupied for four years. In 1659, the Swedes had been besieged for several days and retreated. During their departure, part of the town was destroyed by fire.
555:. The erection of the castle, with the help of stone as building material, was begun around the middle of the 13th century. Under the protection of the castle the settlement gradually began to develop into a town.
910:
to the most widely spread newspapers of east Germany. Around the turn to the 20th century, Graudenz had become an important cultural centre in east Germany with numerous schools, municipal archives and a museum.
442:
1231:
On 4 September, the Einsatzgruppe V demanded a list of names of all members of the 600-strong Jewish community within 14 hours, as well as a list of all their possessions. They were also fined 20,000 zlotych
712:
After the great depression of the Thirteen Years' War, new economical growth in the town was slow before the middle of the 16th century. Economic progress was hampered by the religious struggles and by the
1220:. On 7 September, 25 Polish citizens were detained as hostages – priests, teachers and other members that enjoyed the respect of local society. They were threatened with execution if any harm came to the
1005:
received 53% of all votes, whilst Polish candidates won 23% of votes. In 1912, Wiktor Kulerski founded the Polish Catholic Peasant Party in the city, which aimed at protecting the local Polish population
1337:
near Grudziądz; in October and November 1939 several hundred people were murdered there and their bodies buried in five mass graves. The victims were usually shot at the edges of already dug out graves.
1029:), although a majority of its inhabitants were German. At that time Józef Włodek, the newly appointed Polish mayor, described his impression of the town as "modern but unfortunately completely German"
2952:
Bogdan Chrzanowski: Eksterminacja ludności polskiej w pierwszych miesiącach okupacji (wrzesień − grudzień 1939) w: Stutthof: hitlerowski obóz koncentracyjny. Warszawa: Interpress, 1988, page 16.
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River and the church was torn down. For a while, they used once more the vacant Holy Spoirit Church, until in 1624 this building together with the hospital had to be handed over to nuns of the
1770:
1047:
Prejudices, stereotypes and conflicts dating back to German harsh rule and discrimination of Poles influenced Polish policies towards minorities in the new independent Polish state.
1044:
The German author Christian Raitz von Frentz writes that after the First World War ended, the Polish government tried to reverse the systematic Germanization of the past decades
574:
century the town already had a well-developed infrastructure. A document of 1380, as an example, refers to the construction of an aqueduct, a fountain and a town-hall cellar.
678:
in March 1454. Although there was support the Knights inside the city walls during the entirety of the war, both the city and the castle remained under Polish control. The
1216:. They also carried out mass searches of Polish courthouses, organizations, police stations, etc., and seized large amounts of grain, textiles, coffee, equipment, and even
3776:
1126:
were stationed in Grudziądz during the 19 years of the inter-war period. They were part of the 16th Infantry Division, which had its headquarters in the city, as did the
954:
wave of ethnic Germans was pursued by Prussia after 1832. Laws were passed aimed at Germanisation of the Polish inhabited areas and 154,000 colonists were settled by the
918:
were imprisoned by the Prussians in the local fortress and subjected to forced labour, malnutrition, beatings and insults. Released prisoners who left Europe formed the
2576:
A Lesson Forgotten: Minority Protection Under the League of Nations: The Case of the German Minority in Poland, 1920-193 page 8 LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 1999
867:. With the improvement of the railway network in Germany, Graudenz transiently lost its meaning as an important trading place for grain. In 1878, the railway line to
3478:
2400:
Studia i materiały do dziejów Wielkopolski i Pomorza, Tom 18, Wydanie 1 Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne. Oddział w Poznaniu, page 119, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
2321:
Wielka historia Polski t. 4 Polska w czasach walk o niepodległość (1815–1864). Od niewoli do niepodległości (1864–1918) Marian Zagórniak, Józef Buszko 2003 page 186
1065:
Fearful of a re-Germanization of the city, the Polish paper "Słowo Pomorskie" (23.19.1923) criticized the authorities of Grudziądz for tolerating the local German
1146:
Although the list was not prepared, some of the children were transferred, which led to a school-strike. The German school followed ideas and customs as those in
978:
of Polish students seeking to restore Polish independence operated in the city, but the activists were tried by German courts in 1901, frustrating their efforts.
694:
2636:
Pamiętnik teatralny: kwartalnik poświẹcony historii i krytyce teatru, Tom 46 Państwowy Instytut Sztuki (Poland), Instytut Sztuki (Polska Akademia Nauk) page 464
2567:
Niemiecka mniejszość narodowa w Polsce w latach 1919-1939, Paweł Kacprzak, Wydawnictwo Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej, Studia Lubuskie. 2007, 3, s. 145–158
1050:
The Polish authorities, supported by the public (e.g. the "explicitly anti-German" Związek Obrony Kresów Zachodnich), initiated a number of measures to further
887:) opened. Graudenz became a rapidly growing industrialized city. In 1883 also the Thorn (Toruń)-Graudenz-Marienburg (Malbork) railway line went into operation.
2204:
Kasparek, Norbert (2014). "Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację". In Katafiasz, Tomasz (ed.).
919:
1345:
executed ten Polish teachers, four Polish priests and four women. Additionally, 37 people were murdered in Grudziądz city park. On 29 October 1939 a unit of
1334:
2742:
Mniejszości narodowe i wyznaniowe na Pomorzu w XIX i XX wieku:zbiór studiów Mieczysław Wojciechowski Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 1998 – 292, page 82,90
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products including grain. Around 1454, Graudenz had already reached about the same level of economic development as other towns in the western part of the
1892:
804:, where instead of walls there stood huge massive grain silos, from where grain could be transported through wooden pipes to the embankment of the river.
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1318:
2706:
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Fryderyk II Stanisław Salmonowicz Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1985 "Z funduszy na kolonizację osiedlano w miastach fachowców z krajów niemieckich"
1390:, where they had been asked by the Soviet authorities to either accept incorporation into the U.S.S.R. or to leave what had been their former homeland.
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2627:
Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit, 1919–1939 (Studien der Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa an der Universität Dortmund). S. 94–95.
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1876:
2594:
Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit, 1919–1939 (Studien der Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa an der Universität Dortmund). S. 94.
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and several military schools located both in and around the city. A large economic potential and the existence of important institutions like the
3786:
1617:
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1731:
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1142:, the Air School of Shooting and Bombarding, and the N.C.O. Professional School, which offered courses for infantry reserve officer cadets.
1782:
1092:. Grudziądz's economic potential was featured at the First Pomeranian Exhibition of Agriculture and Industry in 1925, officially opened by
942:
849:
1798:
1321:
in Germany. It is estimated that around 4,000 to 5,000 people went through the camp. Other arrested Poles were held in the cellars of the
188:
1999:
828:. In 1773, it had a population of only 2,172 persons. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it was part of the area affected by the
816:
19th century view of the Klimek Tower, the last remaining part of the Grudziądz Castle, after its destruction by the Prussian authorities
3059:
2152:
1454:
has a slightly more modest following, playing in the lower leagues (as of 2022). GKS Olimpia Grudziądz is also a multi-sports club with
1264:, he declared that the area was to become "one hundred percent" German, and that Poles "have nothing to do here, and should be evicted"
1349:
mass-murdered ten Polish hostages as revenge for posters that had appeared in the city calling for resistance against Nazi occupation.
1235:
On 6 September, the whole city was covered with posters demanding that Jews and "mixed races" of category I and IInd degree (so-called
880:
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2344:
1383:
1242:
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1375:
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influence population figures. In the 1910 census 84% of the population of the town and 58% of the county was recorded as German.
1715:
3796:
2828:
Jan Sziling. Niektóre problemy okupacji hitlerowskiej w Grudziądzu (1939–1945). "Rocznik Grudziądzki". V-VI, ss. 448–449, 1962.
1246:
567:
1755:
2880:
2817:
2700:
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2477:Życie kulturalno-literackie Grudziądza w latach 1918–1939 Eugenia Sławińska Gdańskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 1980 – 211, page 11
1371:
1313:
created an internment camp for Poles seeking to restore Polish independence, whose commandant was a local German Kurt Gotze.
1213:
1076:
In the interbellum, Grudziądz served as an important centre of culture and education with one of the biggest Polish military
1158:
3720:
3306:
1175:
667:
1743:
1134:. The Grudziądz Centre of Cavalry Training educated many notable army commanders, including future Polish resistance hero
2391:, Jerzy Szews, Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii Nauki, Oświaty i techniki, Zakład Dziejów Oświaty, 1992 – page 129
480:
2645:
Rocznik Gdański, Tom 50, Wydanie 2, Gdańskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. Wydział I Nauk Społecznych i Humanistycznych, page 215
1830:
74:
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670:(1454–66), the citizens forced the Teutonic Order to hand over the castle. The confederation asked the King of Poland,
1818:
3089:
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Further executions were carried out in desolate areas of Grudziądz: on 11 November 1939 near Grudziądz Fortress, the
846:
3663:
1883:
1587:
1471:
38:
3781:
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Tax Office and the Pomeranian Chamber of Industry and Trade, helped Grudziądz become the economic capital of the
472:
245:
159:
3710:
3046:
1406:
1131:
955:
3289:
3264:
2618:
Historia Pomorza: 1850–1918, pt. 2. Polityka i kultura Gerard Labuda, Stanisław Salmonowicz – 2002, page 398 -
2526:
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became effective, the city was reincorporated under its Polish name Grudziądz into the reborn Polish state (
1623:
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in Grudziądz. In it he postulated the principle that "bad money drives out good" which became known as the
679:
363:
126:
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2515:
Quotation:"Es habe auf ihn,..., den Eindruck einer modernen und "leider völlig deutschen" Stadt gemacht,"
2021:
1861:
1701:
1305:
were established – a paramilitary formation of members of the German minority in the region. The head of
1272:
914:
The city was the site of a military prison for Polish activists. In 1832, also 249 Polish insurgents the
579:
2170:
950:. Using state funds for colonization, German craftsmen were placed in all local Polish cities. A second
3750:
3419:
2377:
Kraj a emigracja. Ruch ludowy wobec wychodźstwa chłopskiego do krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej (do 1939 roku)
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Kraj a emigracja. Ruch ludowy wobec wychodźstwa chłopskiego do krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej (do 1939 roku)
56:
49:
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Gemeindelexikon für die Regierungsbezirke Allenstein, Danzig, Marienwerder, Posen, Bromberg und Oppeln
1093:
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2100:
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821:
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116:
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864:
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391:
381:
220:
1329:; only a few were released. Those sentenced to death were mostly executed through shooting by the
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67:
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985:
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Neither German nor Pole: Catholicism and National Indifference in a Central European Borderland
1538:
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543:. The fortress and tower were built to protect the Poles from attacks by the Baltic Prussians.
412:
407:
240:
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2289:
2283:
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2208:(in Polish). Koszalin: Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie. pp. 177–178.
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1995:
1171:
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868:
686:
476:
89:
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reached a circulation of 128,000, making it the third largest Polish newspaper in the world.
631:
342:
3771:
3547:
2108:
1477:
1322:
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Zbigniew Otremba: Grudziądz. Kronika miasta. Gdańsk: wydawnictwo Regnum, 2007, pages 81–82.
2838:
2812:
Zbigniew Otremba: Grudziądz. Kronika miasta. Gdańsk: wydawnictwo Regnum, 2007, page 81–82.
2172:
Feste Graudienz 1807 unter Gouverneur de Courbiere - Geschichte der Blockade und Belagerung
1600:
1572:
1447:
1022:
891:
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and is the fourth-largest city in its province. The Old Town of Grudziądz and 14th-century
352:
3577:
3031:
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Grudziądz: Wydawnictwo Komitetu Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa w Grudziądzu, 1999, p. 9
2875:
Zbigniew Otremba: Grudziądz. Kronika miasta. Gdańsk: wydawnictwo Regnum, 2007, ss. 81–82.
2751:
Volk, Staat, Gott!«Die deutsche Minderheit in Polen und ihr Schulwesen 1918–1939, page 585
2389:
Filomaci Pomorscy: tajne związki młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim w latach 1830–1920
1451:
1365:
As the result of heavy fighting in 1945, over 60% of the city was destroyed. Soviet Major
639:
8:
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2218:
Historia Polski, 1795–1918 Stefan Kieniewicz Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1975 page 142
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Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919–1939 Albert S. Kotowski p. 43
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Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion.
2765:
Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion.
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National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918–1922
2293:
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1578:
1520:
1379:
1178:
it. From 26 October 1939 to 1945 the city was part of the administrative district of
915:
842:
760:, in 1569 the local Protestants were given access to the Holy Spirit Church; in 1572
3612:
3562:
3322:
1490:
3557:
3424:
3378:
3368:
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3284:
3075:
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Eksterminacja inteligencji polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim (wrzesień – grudzień 1939).
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2330:
A history of modern Germany, 1800–2000 Martin Kitchen Wiley-Blackwel 2006, page 130
1932:
1430:
Grudziądz has two professional sports teams. The largest following has the popular
927:
781:
738:
718:
3327:
3254:
1590:(1951–1981), Olympic Champion in the 3000m steeplechase race, 1980 Summer Olympics
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which opposed the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights. At the beginning of the
3552:
3398:
3353:
3337:
2410:
2348:
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Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Stadt- und Landkreis Graudenz
2156:
1566:
1532:
1202:
1119:
1089:
1066:
998:
456:
435:
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Volk, Staat, Gott, Die deutsche Minderheit in Polen und ihr Schulwesen 1918–1939
1593:
Mateusz "Scriptwelder" Sokalszczuk (born 1985), flash game developer, author of
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508:
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1208:
1135:
975:
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448:
3705:
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1357:
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from the city who were detained and held by the Polish authorities during the
3765:
3098:
1955:
1642:
1582:
1221:
1217:
970:
Approximately 16,850 Poles and about 26,000 Germans lived in the district of
856:
690:
654:
533:
468:
203:
190:
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Jan Sziling. Niektóre problemy okupacji hitlerowskiej w Grudziądzu... p. 451
728:, who aside from his astronomical work was also an economist, presented his
3602:
3582:
3435:
3430:
3137:
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2850:
Jan Sziling. Niektóre problemy okupacji hitlerowskiej w Grudziądzu. S. 450.
1301:
1051:
951:
899:
812:
748:
704:
1673:
1032:
800:
The town proper was surrounded by town walls, except on the side of river
741:
or the Gresham–Copernicus law. This work included an early version of the
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3147:
2431:(in German). Berlin: Königlich Preußisches Statistisches Landesamt. 1912.
1982:
Wojciech Słowakiewicz, Jacek Słowiński, Piotr Turkot page 270 Fogra, 2000
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1550:
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1514:
1508:
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1138:. Military education in Grudziądz was also provided by the Centre of the
1123:
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907:
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559:
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701:(royal administrative officials). It was often visited by Polish kings.
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923:
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to join Poland. The King agreed and signed the act of incorporation in
3162:
2263:
Zwischen polnischer Ständegesellschaft und preußischem Obrigkeitsstaat
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Zwischen polnischer Ständegesellschaft und preußischem Obrigkeitsstaat
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496:
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3198:
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German residents in Grudziądz welcome forces of Nazi Germany in 1939.
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941:
had nourished a particular contempt for the Polish state and people.
333:
3228:
3183:
3178:
3122:
2052:
675:
591:
558:
In 1277 both "the castle and the town" were besieged heavily by the
500:
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Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych
1115:
729:
698:
623:
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2444:, James E. Bjork, 2008, page 152-153; University of Michigan Press
1374:. As the war ended, the German population of the city fled or was
906:, founded by book seller Rothe in 1826, belonged up to the end of
890:
In 1899, the Chamber of Commerce was established in Graudenz. The
785:
764:
seemed to have vanished almost entirely in the town. In 1597 King
599:
3127:
3000:
1686:
1668:
1147:
1127:
876:
875:) opened. After the construction of a railroad bridge across the
859:. Administratively it belonged to the administrative district of
801:
770:
658:
The Water Gate and the city walls of Grudziądz, 14th/15th century
607:
492:
3067:
3487:
3486:
3218:
3157:
3052:
3026:
2914:
2660:
Borodziej, Wlodzimierz; Endres, Gerald; Lachauer, Ulla (2009).
2499:
Borodziej, Wlodzimierz; Endres, Gerald; Lachauer, Ulla (2009).
1722:
1651:
1636:
1070:
583:
464:
359:
338:
252:
233:
2528:
Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919–1939
2468:, Tom 34, Instytut Zachodni, Instytut Zachodni., 1978 page 214
3188:
3132:
3117:
1867:
1681:
1656:
1287:
Monument to Poles murdered by the German ethnic organisation
1253:
689:, which itself was since 1466 part of the Polish province of
2841:: Einsatzgruppen w Polsce. Warszawa: Bellona, 2009, page. 89
1278:
717:
throughout the 17th century. At the end of 1655, during the
1553:(1911–2008), stage actor, operatic tenor and opera director
1459:
539:
Initially Grudziądz was a defensive stronghold, known as a
491:
Grudziądz is located close to the east shore of the river
423:
3152:
3039:
1309:
in Grudziądz was Doctor Joachim Gramse. In October 1939,
546:
2941:
Martyrologia grudziądzan podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej.
2909:
Martyrologia grudziądzan podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej.
2730:
Mniejszość niemiecka na Pomorzu w okresie międzywojennym
2606:
Mniejszość niemiecka na Pomorzu w okresie międzywojennym
2456:, T. Hunt Tooley, page 13; University of Nebraska Press.
1054:. The local press was also hostile towards the Germans.
824:
declared on August 5, 1772, the city was annexed by the
2979:
Martyrologia grudziądzan podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej
2864:
Eksterminacja inteligencji polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim
2659:
2498:
2379:
Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego 2006, page 285
2364:
Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego 2006, page 290
1382:. The city became home to Poles who had emigrated from
1069:"Deutsche Bühne". The theatre was funded by money from
997:
The Polish population numbers rose steadily before the
777:
for the purpose of founding an affiliated institution.
682:
confirmed the re-incorporation of Grudziądz to Poland.
551:
The settlement was re-fortified again from 1234 by the
2206:
Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu
685:
Between 1454 and 1772 the city was part of the Polish
495:, approximately 22 km (14 mi) north-east of
2288:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
2237:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
2489:, Jerzy Topolski, Wydawn. Poznańskie 1973, page 503,
934:
Germanisation of the Poles in the Prussian Partition
3777:
Cities and towns in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
752:
Grudziądz Town Hall, former Jesuit college building
3063:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 381.
1398:In 2018, it was populated by 95,045 inhabitants.
2417:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo Literackie. p. 444.
467:, with 92,552 inhabitants (2021). Located on the
3763:
2105:Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen
18:Place in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
2531:(in German). Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa,
1737:Memorial to Polish soldiers, main market square
807:
88:From top, left to right: City panorama and the
2178:(in German). Graudenz: Verlag Arnold Kriedte.
1618:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland
3664:
3472:
3083:
2372:
2370:
1611:
855:In 1871, Graudenz became part of the unified
697:. The Grudziądz Castle was seat of the local
1990:
1988:
1927:
1925:
503:and 170 km (106 mi) south-west of
2927:Maria Wardzyńska: Był rok 1939... page 171.
2803:Poznań: Instytut Zachodni, 1972, pp. 78–79.
1446:(Poland's top division), whereas the local
1252:On 19 October, the city was visited by the
1021:On 23 January 1920, the regulations of the
3671:
3657:
3479:
3465:
3090:
3076:
2367:
1575:(1935–2011), Olympic champion weightlifter
1541:(1899–1992), Polish aviator and test pilot
2285:Frederick the Great: A Historical Profile
2234:Frederick the Great: A Historical Profile
2121:"Partitions of Poland Facts | Britannica"
1985:
1922:
1352:
1279:Selbstschutz participation in mass murder
3001:"Oficjalna Strona GKS Olimpia Grudziądz"
2960:
2958:
2779:
2777:
2759:
2757:
2524:
2265:, Oldenbourg, Munich 1995, p. 205 ff. (
2203:
1405:
1384:Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
1356:
1299:administration, the first structures of
1282:
1157:
1102:
1056:
1031:
984:
811:
791:
789:was the first high school in Grudziądz.
747:
708:Siege of Grudziądz by the Swedes in 1655
703:
653:
519:
486:
2935:
2933:
2837:Jochen Böhler, Klaus-Michael Mallmann,
2409:
2168:
3764:
3347:Historical and prehistoric inhabitants
2903:
2901:
2727:
2709:from the original on 25 September 2021
2655:
2653:
2651:
2603:
2549:from the original on 25 September 2021
2278:
2227:
2046:
1001:. In the German election of 1912, the
989:View of the city between 1914 and 1918
568:monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
547:Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
3787:10th-century establishments in Poland
3652:
3460:
3071:
2955:
2891:
2889:
2774:
2754:
1597:, a game that takes place in the city
481:National Historic Monuments of Poland
301:57.76 km (22.30 sq mi)
3678:
3307:Third Millennium John Paul II Bridge
2930:
2684:
1410:Grudziądz Technical High School and
1212:IV and V entered the city to commit
850:Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière
796:Grudziądz Castle in the 18th century
649:
566:in 1291 while under the rule of the
2898:
2648:
2503:(in German). Rowohlt. p. 127.
2487:Dzieje Wielkopolski: Lata 1793–1918
2333:
2185:from the original on 1 October 2020
2148:, Oldenbourg, Munich 1995, p. 404 (
2094:
1810:Park Miejski im. Piotra Janowskiego
1700:that this city is suspended due to
1559:(1915–2003), Polish boxing champion
1200:Following the German invasion, the
1166:On 3 September 1939 units from the
499:, 93 km (58 mi) south of
13:
3260:General Stefan Grot-Rowecki Bridge
2886:
2002:from the original on 22 March 2014
1998:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
1945:Data for territorial unit 0462000.
1721:Szultz Port (at present Grudziadz
1267:Grudziądz was the location of the
1189:
1016:
852:against attacks by French troops.
14:
3808:
3316:Channels and artificial waterways
3097:
3019:
2091:. Warsaw, MUZA SA, 2003, p. 68-69
1980:Wielka encyklopedia polski: Tom 1
1956:"Grudziądz | Poland | Britannica"
1465:
1003:National Liberal Party of Germany
926:, England in 1835 as part of the
836:brought in 44 colonist families.
662:In 1440, the city co-founded the
166:
3719:
3531:
3427:(likely named after the Vistula)
3025:
2055:: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
1903:
1891:
1875:
1860:
1845:
1829:
1817:
1797:
1781:
1769:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1714:
1680:
1667:
1650:
1635:
902:, after the city. The newspaper
832:. To stimulate municipal trade,
434:
411:
406:
324:
323:
226:
165:
158:
125:
115:
73:
66:
55:
48:
37:
3792:Populated places on the Vistula
3492:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
2993:
2984:
2971:
2946:
2869:
2853:
2844:
2831:
2822:
2806:
2790:
2745:
2736:
2721:
2691:(in German). Nordost Institut,
2678:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2518:
2492:
2480:
2471:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2421:
2403:
2394:
2382:
2355:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2272:
2255:
2221:
2212:
2197:
2162:
2138:
2113:
1153:
1036:Townhouses on the Market Square
473:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
3689:Seat (not part of the county):
2732:(in Polish). UAM. p. 293.
2608:(in Polish). UAM. p. 219.
2107:. Teil II, Marienwerder 1789,
2081:
2068:
2059:
2040:
2014:
1973:
1948:
1511:(1875–1961), Mayor of Graudenz
1472:Category:People from Grudziądz
1418:Nicolaus Copernicus University
1132:18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment
1061:Cityscape of Grudziądz in 1928
956:Prussian Settlement Commission
745:– a key concept in economics.
693:, soon included in the larger
1:
3797:Holocaust locations in Poland
3275:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Bridge
2662:Als der Osten noch Heimat war
2501:Als der Osten noch Heimat war
1915:
1523:(1880–1934), U-boat commander
1481:
1393:
1214:crimes against the population
1184:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
1180:Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder
861:Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder
524:Grudziądz was founded by the
2525:Kotowski, Albert S. (1998).
1535:(1895–1963), Polish engineer
1529:(1882–1948), stage performer
1401:
1260:. In a public speech to the
808:Prussian Partition of Poland
103:Former Benedictine monastery
7:
2728:Hauser, Przemysław (1998).
2604:Hauser, Przemysław (1998).
1702:Russian Invasion of Ukraine
1569:College of London Institute
1499:(1863–1946), German chemist
1295:Alongside the military and
1273:Stutthof concentration camp
1256:Gauleiter (regional chief)
1170:entered the town after the
879:in 1878, a railway line to
580:State of the Teutonic Order
10:
3813:
2769:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
1630:
1615:
1612:Twin towns – sister cities
1469:
1440:Grudziądz Speedway Stadium
1193:
514:
142:Grudziądz – Miasto Otwarte
3728:
3717:
3698:
3686:
3540:
3529:
3498:
3407:
3346:
3315:
3237:
3171:
3105:
2415:Historia Polski 1795–1918
2101:Johann Friedrich Goldbeck
2065:Górski, p. 88-89, 206-207
2022:"wojny polsko-krzyżackie"
1898:After factory water tower
1707:
1421:Grudziądzka Szkoła Wyższa
1361:The Market Square in 1983
1269:German concentration camp
1196:Intelligenzaktion Pommern
1011:Polish Gazeta Grudziądzka
843:was successfully defended
822:First Partition of Poland
562:. The settlement adopted
419:
400:
390:
380:
370:
349:
332:
318:
313:
305:
297:
292:
284:
279:
271:
263:
251:
239:
219:
184:
153:
139:
111:
30:
23:
3394:Vistula delta Mennonites
1788:St. Nicholas' Basilica (
1425:
1412:astronomical observatory
865:Province of West Prussia
743:quantity theory of money
463:) is a city in northern
3782:City counties of Poland
3711:Gmina Radzyń Chełmiński
3290:Silesian–Dąbrowa Bridge
3060:Encyclopædia Britannica
2261:Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg:
2144:Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg:
2076:The World of Copernicus
1505:(1865–1952), politician
1378:in accordance with the
1271:Graudenz, a subcamp of
1182:in the new province of
1118:Regiments and the 16th
1094:Stanisław Wojciechowski
898:and its lead ship, the
775:Order of Saint Benedict
695:Greater Poland Province
453:Graudentum, Graudentium
424:http://www.grudziadz.pl
309:50 m (160 ft)
3420:Vistula–Oder offensive
2664:(in German). Rowohlt.
2533:University of Dortmund
2169:Fischer, Paul (1907).
2047:Górski, Karol (1949).
1414:
1362:
1353:World War II aftermath
1292:
1163:
1111:
1098:Second Polish Republic
1086:Pomeranian Voivodeship
1062:
1037:
1027:Second Polish Republic
990:
817:
797:
758:Protestant Reformation
753:
734:Monetae cudendae ratio
709:
664:Prussian Confederation
659:
460:
452:
3751:Gmina Świecie nad Osą
3415:Vistula–Bug offensive
3245:Anna Jagiellon Bridge
2693:University of Hamburg
2155:25 April 2016 at the
1790:Bazylika św. Mikołaja
1565:(1925–1984), dean of
1493:(1580–1646), composer
1409:
1360:
1286:
1194:Further information:
1161:
1106:
1060:
1035:
988:
815:
795:
751:
707:
657:
636:Nowe Miasto Lubawskie
520:Early medieval Poland
487:Geographical location
471:, it lies within the
351: • Summer (
204:53.48750°N 18.75500°E
146:Grudziądz – Open city
3302:Świętokrzyski Bridge
3034:at Wikimedia Commons
2339:Michael Rademacher:
1884:Bronisław Malinowski
1776:Sobieski High School
1601:Krzysztof Buczkowski
1588:Bronisław Malinowski
1573:Waldemar Baszanowski
1547:(1901–1991), Admiral
1023:Treaty of Versailles
892:Imperial German Navy
871:(then Germanized as
830:Partitions of Poland
672:Casimir IV Jagiellon
530:Bolesław I the Brave
3265:John Paul II Bridge
2685:Eser, Ingo (2010).
2347:27 May 2013 at the
1935:. Statistics Poland
1605:motorcycle speedway
1517:(1876–1947), writer
1442:and compete in the
1376:expelled to Germany
1172:Battle of Grudziądz
1109:Grudziądz Granaries
1096:, President of the
896:light cruiser class
869:Jabłonowo Pomorskie
847:General of Infantry
834:Frederick the Great
726:Nicolaus Copernicus
715:Polish–Swedish wars
687:Chełmno Voivodeship
668:Thirteen Years' War
507:. It is located in
246:Kuyavian-Pomeranian
200: /
90:Grudziądz Granaries
3699:Urban-rural gminas
3446:Vistula University
3333:Vistula Spit canal
3280:Poniatowski Bridge
2964:Maria Wardzyńska:
2783:Maria Wardzyńska:
2763:Maria Wardzyńska:
2267:restricted preview
2150:restricted preview
2125:www.britannica.com
1960:www.britannica.com
1763:St. Francis Xavier
1563:Henryk Sawistowski
1503:Alexander Pohlmann
1478:Piotr of Grudziądz
1438:, who race at the
1415:
1363:
1323:Grudziądz Fortress
1293:
1226:invasion of Poland
1203:Einsatzkommando 16
1164:
1114:The 64th and 65th
1112:
1063:
1038:
991:
826:Kingdom of Prussia
818:
798:
766:Sigismund III Vasa
754:
710:
660:
640:Preußisch Stargard
319: • Total
298: • Total
285: • Mayor
209:53.48750; 18.75500
3759:
3758:
3646:
3645:
3508:(governor's seat)
3454:
3453:
3359:Przeworsk culture
3295:Solidarity Bridge
3250:Cross-City Bridge
3238:Notable crossings
3030:Media related to
2881:978-83-920686-1-7
2818:978-83-920686-1-7
2702:978-3-447-06233-6
2671:978-3-87134-644-6
2510:978-3-87134-644-6
2466:Przegląd zachodni
2089:Zabytkowe ratusze
1933:"Local Data Bank"
1870:and Girl Monument
1749:St. Mary's Church
1695:
1694:
1579:Stefania Toczyska
1539:Bolesław Orliński
1521:Waldemar Kophamel
1452:Olimpia Grudziądz
1380:Potsdam Agreement
920:Gromada Grudziądz
916:November Uprising
680:1466 peace treaty
650:Kingdom of Poland
644:Starogard Gdański
429:
428:
3804:
3723:
3680:Grudziądz County
3673:
3666:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3535:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3425:Vistula, Indiana
3408:Related articles
3369:Lusatian culture
3364:Wielbark culture
3285:Siekierki Bridge
3092:
3085:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3054:"Graudenz"
3043:
3042:
3040:Official website
3029:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2997:
2991:
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2969:
2962:
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2950:
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2893:
2884:
2873:
2867:
2860:Barbara Bojarska
2857:
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2848:
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2810:
2804:
2797:Barbara Bojarska
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2079:
2074:Angus Armitage,
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2026:Encyklopedia PWN
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
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1824:Main Post Office
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1486:
1485: 1400–1480
1483:
1291:near Książe Góry
1122:Regiment of the
928:Great Emigration
446:
445:
444:
437:
415:
410:
375:86–300 to 86–311
356:
327:
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288:Maciej Glamowski
232:
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3736:Gmina Grudziądz
3724:
3715:
3694:
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3647:
3642:
3536:
3527:
3514:(assembly seat)
3494:
3485:
3455:
3450:
3403:
3399:Vistula Germans
3354:Oksywie culture
3342:
3338:Bydgoszcz Canal
3311:
3270:Łazienki Bridge
3233:
3167:
3101:
3096:
3051:
3047:History website
3038:
3037:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2977:Henryk Bierut:
2976:
2972:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2939:Henryk Bierut:
2938:
2931:
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2907:Henryk Bierut:
2906:
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2849:
2845:
2839:Jürgen Matthäus
2836:
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2811:
2807:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2775:
2771:, 2009, p. 109.
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2741:
2737:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2695:. p. 415.
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2349:Wayback Machine
2338:
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2329:
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2320:
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2311:
2307:
2300:
2280:Ritter, Gerhard
2277:
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2256:
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2229:Ritter, Gerhard
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
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2157:Wayback Machine
2143:
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2073:
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2031:
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2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1978:
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1964:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
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1918:
1911:
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1679:
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1634:
1620:
1614:
1567:City and Guilds
1533:Alfons Hoffmann
1484:
1474:
1468:
1428:
1404:
1396:
1355:
1281:
1198:
1192:
1190:Nazi atrocities
1156:
1120:Light Artillery
1090:interwar period
1067:amateur theatre
1019:
1017:Interwar Poland
999:First World War
936:
810:
652:
549:
522:
517:
489:
440:
439:
376:
350:
264:First mentioned
227:
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71:
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26:
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3441:Vistula Lagoon
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Vistula Veneti
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
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3323:Augustów Canal
3319:
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3310:
3309:
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3298:
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3115:
3109:
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3103:
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3095:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3049:
3044:
3035:
3021:
3020:External links
3018:
3015:
3014:
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2569:
2560:
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2535:. p. 55.
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2196:
2161:
2137:
2112:
2093:
2087:Roman Pawlak,
2080:
2078:, 1951, p. 91.
2067:
2058:
2039:
2013:
1984:
1972:
1947:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
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1902:
1900:
1897:
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1866:
1859:
1857:
1853:Witold Pilecki
1851:
1844:
1842:
1836:Klimek Tower (
1835:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1806:Piotr Janowski
1803:
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1585:
1576:
1570:
1560:
1557:Antoni Czortek
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1491:Johann Stobäus
1488:
1467:
1466:Notable people
1464:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1354:
1351:
1297:Einsatzgruppen
1280:
1277:
1258:Albert Forster
1222:ethnic Germans
1218:homing pigeons
1209:Einsatzgruppen
1191:
1188:
1155:
1152:
1136:Witold Pilecki
1018:
1015:
976:secret society
964:Martin Kitchen
935:
932:
820:Following the
809:
806:
719:Swedish Deluge
651:
648:
553:Teutonic Order
548:
545:
526:Duke of Poland
521:
518:
516:
513:
488:
485:
479:were declared
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120:
114:
113:
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109:
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105:
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101:
98:
95:
92:
85:
84:
72:
65:
64:
63:
54:
47:
46:
45:
36:
35:
34:
33:
32:
31:
28:
27:
24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3809:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:Gmina Rogóźno
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3712:
3709:
3707:
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3568:Golub-Dobrzyń
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:Land counties
3539:
3534:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:City counties
3497:
3493:
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3482:
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3463:
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3459:
3447:
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3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Przekop Wisły
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
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3296:
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3276:
3273:
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3258:
3256:
3255:Gdańsk Bridge
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
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3222:
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3202:
3200:
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3149:
3146:
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3141:
3139:
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3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3099:Vistula River
3093:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3050:
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2910:
2904:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2748:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2607:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2548:
2544:
2542:3-447-03997-3
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2301:
2299:0-520-02775-2
2295:
2291:
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2286:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2248:0-520-02775-2
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2215:
2207:
2200:
2181:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2109:p. 28, no. 1.
2106:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2062:
2054:
2051:(in Polish).
2050:
2043:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1889:
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1800:
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1779:
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1678:
1675:
1670:
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1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1643:Chernyakhovsk
1638:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1622:Grudziądz is
1619:
1606:
1603:(born 1986),
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:mezzo-soprano
1581:(born 1943),
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
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1552:
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1473:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:GKM Grudziądz
1433:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1399:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:forced labour
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1262:Volksdeutsche
1259:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1009:In 1913, the
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
987:
983:
979:
977:
973:
968:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
943:Germanisation
940:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
909:
905:
904:Der Gesellige
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:Goßlershausen
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:German Empire
853:
851:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
814:
805:
803:
794:
790:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
767:
763:
759:
750:
746:
744:
740:
739:Gresham's law
736:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
706:
702:
700:
696:
692:
691:Royal Prussia
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
575:
571:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
544:
542:
537:
535:
534:Piast dynasty
531:
527:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:Vistula River
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
443:
436:
433:
425:
422:
418:
414:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
348:
344:
340:
337:
335:
331:
321:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
267:11 April 1065
266:
262:
259:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
235:
224:
222:
218:
213:
185:Coordinates:
183:
161:
152:
147:
138:
128:
118:
110:
102:
99:
96:
94:Market Square
93:
91:
87:
86:
76:
69:
58:
51:
40:
29:
22:
16:
3729:Rural gminas
3691:
3688:
3517:
3436:Vistula Spit
3431:Vistula Land
3193:
3058:
3005:. Retrieved
2995:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2966:Był rok 1939
2965:
2948:
2940:
2908:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2846:
2833:
2824:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2764:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2687:
2680:
2661:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2527:
2520:
2500:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2441:
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2187:. Retrieved
2171:
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2025:
2016:
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1979:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1950:
1937:. Retrieved
1910:War cemetery
1838:Wieża Klimek
1837:
1809:
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1288:
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1234:
1230:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1165:
1154:World War II
1144:
1113:
1075:
1064:
1052:Polonization
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1020:
1010:
1008:
996:
992:
980:
969:
962:. Professor
952:colonization
937:
913:
903:
900:SMS Graudenz
889:
884:
872:
854:
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799:
779:
755:
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723:
711:
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635:
627:
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611:
603:
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587:
576:
572:
557:
550:
538:
523:
509:Chełmno Land
490:
431:
430:
275:18 June 1291
257:
145:
131:Coat of arms
15:
3741:Gmina Gruta
3706:Gmina Łasin
3548:Aleksandrów
3384:Pomeranians
3106:Tributaries
3003:(in Polish)
2943:pages 10–11
2028:(in Polish)
1996:"Grudziądz"
1808:City Park (
1595:Waterworks!
1551:Erich Witte
1545:Kurt Weyher
1515:Ernst Hardt
1509:Max Winkler
1497:Alfred Wohl
1487:), composer
1388:Curzon line
1367:Lev Kopelev
1335:Księże Góry
1140:Gendarmerie
1124:Polish Army
1107:The famous
960:World War I
908:World War I
838:Grain trade
780:Since 1622
762:Catholicism
560:Yotvingians
505:Kaliningrad
371:Postal code
272:Town rights
258:city county
241:Voivodeship
207: /
3766:Categories
3578:Inowrocław
3224:Sandomierz
2981:, page 54.
2968:, page 172
2767:Warszawa:
1916:References
1761:Church of
1698:italicized
1616:See also:
1470:See also:
1462:sections.
1444:Ekstraliga
1394:Population
1238:Mischlinge
1130:'s famous
1082:Pomeranian
930:movement.
924:Portsmouth
756:Following
608:Marienburg
582:, such as
392:Car plates
314:Population
280:Government
195:18°45′18″E
192:53°29′15″N
100:Water Gate
3772:Grudziądz
3692:Grudziądz
3633:Włocławek
3628:Wąbrzeźno
3598:Radziejów
3573:Grudziądz
3558:Bydgoszcz
3523:Włocławek
3518:Grudziądz
3506:Bydgoszcz
3374:Vistulans
3209:Włocławek
3199:Bydgoszcz
3194:Grudziądz
3032:Grudziądz
2713:2 October
2553:2 October
1676:, Germany
1674:Gütersloh
1527:Leo White
1456:athletics
1402:Education
1249:forests.
1174:and then
1168:Wehrmacht
1078:garrisons
939:Frederick
885:Laskowitz
881:Laskowice
841:fortress
724:In 1522,
699:starostas
477:granaries
432:Grudziądz
382:Area code
334:Time zone
306:Elevation
173:Grudziądz
97:Town Hall
25:Grudziądz
3553:Brodnica
3488:Counties
3007:12 March
2707:Archived
2547:Archived
2413:(2007).
2345:Archived
2282:(1974).
2231:(1974).
2180:Archived
2153:Archived
2032:19 April
2000:Archived
1939:9 August
1855:monument
1659:, Sweden
1645:, Russia
1448:football
1432:speedway
1327:en masse
1176:occupied
1116:Infantry
972:Graudenz
894:named a
730:treatise
628:Chojnice
564:Kulm law
461:Graudenz
402:Highways
3623:Tuchola
3613:Świecie
3608:Sępólno
3588:Mogilno
3563:Chełmno
3163:Wisłoka
3128:Dunajec
2866:p. 124.
2787:p. 110.
2352:(2006).
1965:5 April
1689:, China
1687:Nanning
1624:twinned
1243:Mniszek
1148:Germany
1128:cavalry
1088:in the
958:before
948:Prussia
877:Vistula
863:in the
802:Vistula
782:Jesuits
771:Vistula
632:Neumark
620:Chełmno
612:Malbork
532:of the
515:History
497:Świecie
493:Vistula
420:Website
386:+48 056
322:92,552
221:Country
3379:Polans
3229:Kraków
3219:Warsaw
3184:Elbląg
3179:Gdańsk
3172:Cities
3158:Wieprz
3143:Pilica
3123:Drwęca
2879:
2816:
2699:
2668:
2539:
2507:
2296:
2245:
2130:17 May
2053:Poznań
1886:Bridge
1723:Marina
1708:Sights
1626:with:
1071:Berlin
676:Kraków
638:) and
624:Konitz
596:Elbląg
592:Elbing
588:Gdańsk
584:Danzig
501:Gdańsk
465:Poland
457:German
328:(40th)
253:County
234:Poland
231:
3618:Toruń
3603:Rypin
3593:Nakło
3583:Lipno
3512:Toruń
3214:Płock
3204:Toruń
3189:Tczew
3133:Narew
3118:Bzura
2183:(PDF)
2176:(PDF)
2006:8 May
1868:Uhlan
1657:Falun
1607:rider
1450:team
1434:team
1426:Sport
1254:NSDAP
1247:Grupa
786:Toruń
784:from
604:Toruń
600:Thorn
449:Latin
438:
360:UTC+2
339:UTC+1
3638:Żnin
3138:Nida
3113:Brda
3009:2023
2877:ISBN
2814:ISBN
2715:2020
2697:ISBN
2666:ISBN
2555:2020
2537:ISBN
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2294:ISBN
2243:ISBN
2191:2020
2132:2022
2034:2024
2008:2013
1967:2023
1941:2022
1882:The
1804:The
1460:judo
1458:and
1372:NKFD
1206:and
616:Kulm
541:gord
364:CEST
293:Area
121:Flag
3490:of
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3148:San
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2239:172
1333:in
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