740:
areas defending a limited territory, and in exploded lekking, displaying males are covered over an expansive land area and share larger territories. Male grouse can also compete with one another for access to female grouse through territoriality, in which a male defends a territory which has resources that females need, like food and nest sites. These differences in male behavior in mating systems account for the evolution of body size in grouse. Males of territorial species were smaller than those of exploded lekking species, and males of typical lekking species were the largest overall. The male birds that exhibit lekking behavior, and have to compete with other males for females to choose them, have greater sexual dimorphism in size. This suggests the hypothesis of sexual selection affecting male body size and also gives an explanation for why some species of grouse have a more drastic difference between male and female body size than others.
721:. Male grouse tend to be larger than female grouse, which seems to hold true across all the species of grouse, with some difference within each species in terms of how drastic the size difference is. The hypothesis with the most supporting evidence for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in grouse is sexual selection. Sexual selection favors large males; stronger selection for larger size in males leads to greater size dimorphism. Female size will increase correspondingly as male size increases, and this is due to heredity (but not to the extent of the male size). This is because females that are smaller will still be able to reproduce without a substantial disadvantage, but this is not the case with males. The largest among the male grouse (commonly dubbed 'Biggrouse') attract the greatest numbers of females during their mating seasons.
1160:
852:
625:, but may replace it if the eggs are lost. She begins to lay about a week after mating and lays one egg every day or two; the clutch comprises five to 12 eggs. The eggs have the shape of hen's eggs and are pale yellow, sparsely spotted with brown. On laying the second-last or last egg, the female starts 21 to 28 days of incubation. Chicks hatch in dense, yellow-brown down and leave the nest immediately. They soon develop feathers and can fly shortly before they are two weeks old. The female (and the male in the willow grouse) stays with them and protects them until their first autumn, when they reach their mature weights (except in the male
1001:
921:
962:
1219:
891:
281:
1250:
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71:
822:
638:
758:
1300:
8249:
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6828:
1040:
6840:
46:
6816:
8238:
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739:
behavior, which is when many males come together in one area and put on displays to attract females. Females selectively choose among the males present for traits they find more appealing. Male grouse exhibit two types: typical lekking and exploded lekking. In typical lekking, males display in small
491:(the largest of the traditional grouse). Like many other galliforms, males often sport incredibly elaborate ornamentation, such as crests, fan-tails, and inflatable, brightly colored patches of bare skin. Many grouse have feathered nostrils, and some species, such as the
424:
are closely allied with grouse, but they have traditionally been excluded from
Tetraonini, often placed in their own tribe, subfamily, or family; certain more modern treatments also exclude them. Later phylogenomic analyses demonstrated conclusively that they are
495:, have legs which are entirely covered in feathers; in winter the toes, too, have feathers or small scales on the sides, an adaptation for walking on snow and burrowing into it for shelter. Unlike many other galliforms, they typically have no
748:
Sexual size dimorphism can manifest itself differently between grouse and other birds. In some cases, the female is dominant over the male in breeding behavior, which can result in females that are larger than the males.
614:, give vocalizations that vary widely between species, and may engage in other activities, such as drumming or fluttering their wings, rattling their tails, and making display flights. Occasionally, males fight.
567:) are the most social, forming flocks of up to 100 in winter. All grouse spend most of their time on the ground, though when alarmed, they may take off in a flurry and go into a long glide.
676:
The three tundra species have maintained their former numbers. The prairie and forest species have declined greatly because of habitat loss, though popular game birds such as the
487:
toms are the largest grouse species, attaining lengths of 130 cm (50 in) and weighing up to 10 kg (22 lb). Male grouse are larger than females, and can be twice as heavy in the
511:, leaves, and twigs—which typically accounts for over 95% of adults' food by weight. Thus, their diets vary greatly with the seasons. Hatchlings eat mostly insects and other
657:
in the Arctic and
Subarctic. Their numbers may fall sharply in years of bad weather or high predator populations—significant grouse populations are a major food source for
2036:
Traditionally excluded, but recent phylogenomic data have suggested a close alliance; these species can thus be regarded as basal
Tetraonini, but treatment still varies.
1462:
704:, and some national and regional populations are also in danger. The wild turkey precipitously declined before returning to abundance, even in developed areas.
445:
Like many other galliforms, grouse are generally heavily-built birds. The traditional grouse (excluding turkeys) range in length from 31 to 95 cm (12 to
515:, gradually reducing their proportion of animal food to adult levels. Several of the forest-living species are notable for eating large quantities of
1948:
Soulsbury, Carl D; Kervinen, Matti; Lebigre, Christophe (2014). "Sexual size dimorphism and the strength of sexual selection in mammals and birds".
5716:
8366:
8405:
8474:
8093:
1719:"Role of sexual and natural selection in evolution of body size and shape: a phylogenetic study of morphological radiation in grouse"
8353:
8379:
5711:
1539:
363:
7905:
2185:
2100:
1822:"Sorting out relationships among the grouse and ptarmigan using intron, mitochondrial, and ultra-conserved element sequences"
1676:
1616:
8384:
1531:
7910:
1967:
Mueller, H. C. "The
Evolution of Reversed Sexual Dimorphism in Owls: An Empirical Analysis of Possible Selective Factors".
1493:
777:, and hunters kill millions each year for food, sport, and other uses. In the United Kingdom, this takes the form of
355:
289:
8410:
570:
Most species stay within their breeding range all year, but make short seasonal movements; many individuals of the
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5255:
6878:
4100:
2425:
2155:
8392:
4120:
2983:
2955:
2415:
1104:
1064:
410:
1820:
Persons, Nicholas W.; Hosner, Peter A.; Meiklejohn, Kelly A.; Braun, Edward L.; Kimball, Rebecca T. (2016).
8192:
3971:
610:
and in some species, brightly colored inflatable sacs on the sides of their necks. The males display their
1821:
1404:
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7915:
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5701:
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70:
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5398:
5388:
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4130:
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3640:
3518:
2790:
2178:
1265:
2110:
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7920:
7463:
5724:
5706:
5148:
4424:
4209:
4160:
4150:
4110:
4020:
3851:
3423:
851:
793:. Folk dances from the Alps to the North American prairies imitate the displays of lekking males.
1000:
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4219:
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1055:
701:
689:
264:
20:
5403:
2092:
2080:
1668:
1662:
553:
species flock only in autumn and winter, though individuals tolerate each other when they meet.
8436:
8270:
7889:
7864:
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6820:
5696:
5508:
5458:
5188:
5178:
5168:
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4519:
4509:
3981:
3740:
3308:
2995:
2743:
2390:
1195:
1087:
778:
693:
8431:
8371:
8308:
8165:
8108:
8040:
7942:
7468:
5533:
5158:
5138:
5068:
5058:
4843:
4499:
4479:
4459:
4299:
4254:
4090:
3861:
3541:
3455:
3034:
434:
8423:
2149:
920:
595:
7884:
7874:
6161:
5018:
4863:
4713:
4469:
3720:
3660:
3363:
3343:
3318:
3298:
3128:
2768:
2624:
2171:
1274:
961:
945:
629:). They are sexually mature the following spring, but often do not mate until later years.
488:
157:
1996:
Storrs L. Olson; John
Farrand, Jr. (1974). "Rhegminornis restudies: a tiny Miocene turkey"
8:
8464:
8175:
7869:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7827:
7819:
5691:
5583:
5523:
5468:
5248:
5198:
5078:
4668:
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3383:
3288:
3168:
2945:
2910:
2360:
2350:
1969:
1887:
1095:
1025:
621:
on the ground—often in cover—with a scanty lining of plant material. The female lays one
429:
to the traditionally-defined grouse, and they, along with the somewhat earlier-diverging
406:
394:
378:
1463:"A classification of the grouse (Aves: Tetroninae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences"
8217:
7857:
7747:
7548:
6871:
6474:
5538:
5498:
5463:
4918:
4908:
4578:
4558:
4489:
4065:
3770:
3373:
2571:
2460:
1748:
1653:
1559:
1485:
1440:
700:
is listed as "endangered". Some subspecies, such as
Attwater's prairie chicken and the
254:
65:
8418:
8327:
8143:
8045:
7650:
7501:
7214:
6827:
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4623:
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4379:
4324:
3750:
3670:
3620:
3564:
3403:
3103:
3093:
2096:
1987:
Larry D. Martin; James Tate, Jr. (1970). "A new turkey from the
Pliocene of Nebraska"
1843:
1740:
1735:
1718:
1672:
1612:
1444:
1432:
1424:
1218:
718:
654:
599:
351:
7767:
7169:
1489:
1405:"A phylogenomic supermatrix of Galliformes (Landfowl) reveals biased branch lengths"
437:
members of the
Tetraonini). This is reflected in some more recent circumscriptions.
8332:
8212:
8113:
8007:
8002:
7511:
7423:
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7334:
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2558:
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2124:
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1730:
1477:
1416:
1315:
1175:
876:
837:
828:
591:
430:
329:
301:
8459:
8148:
8050:
7488:
7443:
7433:
7274:
7051:
6908:
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6526:
5996:
5518:
5503:
5441:
5340:
5268:
5048:
4943:
4898:
4748:
4414:
4369:
4344:
4264:
4001:
3587:
3445:
3228:
3203:
3158:
3148:
3044:
2920:
2651:
2450:
1235:
1016:
697:
336:
322:
280:
8397:
1861:
1838:
1420:
8118:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7641:
7473:
7329:
7154:
7119:
7094:
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7031:
6996:
6808:
6738:
6690:
6624:
6563:
6518:
6505:
6379:
6342:
6193:
5967:
5804:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5528:
5513:
5408:
5383:
5378:
5360:
5241:
5128:
5098:
4823:
4768:
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4598:
4334:
4244:
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1346:
1204:
1145:
607:
579:
571:
524:
496:
398:
2132:
890:
684:
have benefited from habitat management. Most grouse species are listed by the
8453:
8293:
8253:
8160:
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7980:
7952:
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7553:
7516:
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1428:
936:
927:
906:
897:
858:
762:
681:
642:
622:
603:
575:
421:
285:
35:
2085:
Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 2. New World
Vultures to Guineafowl
1249:
618:
8182:
8170:
8138:
8022:
7707:
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7571:
7369:
7206:
7194:
7104:
7001:
6913:
6832:
6576:
6421:
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6075:
6023:
5895:
5856:
5625:
5613:
5603:
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5290:
4758:
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4081:
4045:
3579:
3279:
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3015:
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2815:
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2406:
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2006:
1847:
1744:
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1370:
1363:
1324:
1136:
1007:
986:
977:
821:
782:
670:
637:
626:
512:
426:
199:
1770:"turkeys, grouse, pheasants, and partridges articles-Encyclopedia of Life"
766:
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54:
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4678:
4614:
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3842:
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3064:
3025:
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2591:
2490:
2292:
1184:
736:
730:
677:
520:
382:
229:
5233:
1769:
1403:
Kimball, Rebecca T.; Hosner, Peter A.; Braun, Edward L. (2021-05-01).
785:'s tail feathers are a traditional ornament for hats in areas such as
8340:
8035:
7757:
7665:
7655:
7636:
7606:
7458:
7418:
7384:
7354:
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402:
374:
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193:
181:
82:
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8207:
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8012:
7762:
7742:
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7727:
7722:
7591:
7581:
7533:
7496:
7299:
7254:
7229:
7189:
7159:
7109:
7021:
7011:
6682:
6412:
6387:
6333:
6244:
6216:
6106:
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6062:
6044:
5939:
5924:
5908:
5655:
5618:
5451:
4934:
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3902:
3832:
3556:
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2341:
2212:
2148:
2050:
786:
390:
386:
175:
102:
1039:
8083:
7947:
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7777:
7660:
7586:
7453:
7428:
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7390:
7374:
7359:
7269:
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7259:
7244:
7234:
7184:
7129:
6991:
6928:
6895:
6592:
6445:
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6209:
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6113:
5934:
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5330:
3334:
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2253:
2063:
2046:
1510:
1306:
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611:
563:
554:
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241:
217:
7772:
7672:
7626:
7527:
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7448:
7438:
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7026:
6981:
6722:
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6429:
6358:
6182:
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6003:
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3074:
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1120:
666:
646:
558:
550:
536:
508:
235:
187:
166:
92:
45:
2163:
717:
The phenotypic difference between males and females is called
8187:
7787:
7732:
7697:
7692:
7596:
7576:
7364:
7314:
7056:
6933:
6608:
6395:
5958:
2263:
414:
310:
8237:
2133:"Etho-Ecological Apects of Hybridization in the Tetraonidae"
1819:
1461:
Gutiérrez, R. J.; Barrowclough, G. F.; Groth, J. G. (2000).
7413:
7319:
7164:
7066:
7061:
6986:
6887:
6584:
5951:
5914:
5884:
5298:
5264:
2218:
790:
685:
658:
602:
on the ground at dawn and dusk, which in some are given in
359:
112:
7687:
7071:
6918:
6706:
5563:
5325:
662:
304:
1947:
6856:
1915:
Fiske, Peder; Rintamaki, Pekka; Karvonen, Eevi (1998).
1914:
1888:"Turkey Records - The National Wild Turkey Federation"
2083:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
1584:"Phasianidae: Turkeys, Grouse, Pheasants, Partridges"
653:
Grouse make up a considerable part of the vertebrate
313:
2568:
1768:
1650:
1073:
499:, although turkeys do possess very prominent spurs.
307:
5855:
1716:
1607:Rands, Michael R.W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
1606:
743:
1917:"Mating success in lekking males: a meta-analysis"
1717:Drovetski, S. V.; Rohwer, S.; Mode, N. A. (2006).
1652:
1511:"AOU Checklist of North and Middle American Birds"
1402:
523:refuse. To digest vegetable food, grouse have big
459: in), and in weight from 0.3 to 6.5 kg (
688:as "least concern" or "near threatened", but the
8451:
606:. The displays feature males' brightly colored
6872:
5249:
2179:
5763:
2078:
724:
1456:
1454:
531:, eat grit to break up food, and have long
6879:
6865:
5256:
5242:
2186:
2172:
1960:
1862:"Turkey Description, Habitat, & Facts"
1298:
1217:
1158:
1119:
999:
960:
919:
889:
850:
820:
44:
3023:
2238:
2130:
1941:
1932:
1837:
1734:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1560:"Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List"
707:
3486:
2537:
2300:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
1910:
1908:
1451:
756:
636:
279:
5263:
3817:
2498:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1611:. London: Merehurst Press. p. 91.
1540:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
507:Grouse feed mainly on vegetation—buds,
335:. Grouse are presently assigned to the
8452:
2113:. The Upland Hunter. 1 September 2017.
1764:
1762:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1625:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1503:
712:
574:(called rock ptarmigan in the US) and
8269:
8268:
6860:
5748:
5237:
3816:
3485:
2237:
2167:
2023:
1905:
1826:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1651:Storch, Ilse; Bendell, J. F. (2003).
1409:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
502:
433:, may be treated as grouse (i.e., as
364:International Ornithological Congress
354:sequence studies, and applied by the
6815:
2261:
1398:
1396:
1394:
617:The nest is a shallow depression or
578:(called willow ptarmigan in the US)
6839:
1966:
1759:
1685:
1572:
1524:
696:are listed as "vulnerable" and the
13:
8475:Taxa named by William Elford Leach
2137:World Pheasant Association Journal
1600:
14:
8486:
5717:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
2118:
1664:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
1391:
1338:
483: lb). If they are included,
350:), a classification supported by
290:Kortright Centre for Conservation
8248:
8247:
8236:
6963:
6957:
6838:
6826:
6814:
6803:
6802:
6693:(New World vultures and condors)
1736:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01097.x
1513:. American Ornithologists' Union
1248:
1038:
801:
744:Contrast with other bird species
300:
69:
5226:185 living species in 32 genera
2193:
2127:on the Internet Bird Collection
2056:
2039:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1880:
1854:
1813:
1788:
1723:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1609:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
598:. Many species have elaborate
585:
5749:
4101:Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant
2156:New International Encyclopedia
1552:
632:
440:
356:American Ornithologists' Union
321:are a group of birds from the
1:
7906:Countries by meat consumption
2956:Columbian sharp-tailed grouse
2081:"Family Tetraonidae (Grouse)"
1950:Evolutionary Ecology Research
1796:"Phasianidae Horsfield, 1821"
1379:
1105:Columbian sharp-tailed grouse
752:
557:species are more social, and
8193:Non-vegetarian food in India
7911:Countries by meat production
3972:Chestnut-necklaced partridge
2007:"BioLib: Biological library"
1384:
590:In all but one species (the
7:
7916:Food and drink prohibitions
6757:(woodpeckers and relatives)
3631:Chestnut-breasted partridge
2426:Szechenyi's monal-partridge
1839:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.003
1421:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107091
1354:Proagriocharis kimballensis
10:
8491:
6955:
6619:(cormorants and relatives)
5712:Extinct species since 1500
4121:Germain's peacock-pheasant
3781:Chestnut-bellied partridge
2984:Attwater's prairie chicken
2416:Verreaux's monal-partridge
2072:
1667:. Firefly Books. pp.
1091:Tympanuchus pallidicinctus
1065:Attwater's prairie chicken
796:
728:
519:needles, which most other
411:Attwater's prairie chicken
18:
8277:
8231:
8129:
8064:
8021:
7973:
7958:Psychology of eating meat
7933:
7898:
7818:
7811:
7562:
7502:Black soldier fly maggots
7487:
7383:
7205:
7085:
6972:
6894:
6798:
6749:(kingfishers and rollers)
6681:
6636:
6603:(albatrosses and petrels)
6575:
6546:
6517:
6496:
6487:(swifts and hummingbirds)
6469:(nightjars and relatives)
6457:
6420:
6411:
6378:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6319:
6293:(pheasants and relatives)
6268:
6192:
6151:
6089:
6061:
6037:
6013:
5986:
5907:
5894:
5851:
5824:
5820:
5759:
5755:
5744:
5740:
5679:
5582:
5482:
5432:
5359:
5289:
5276:
5224:
4957:
4932:
4877:
4792:
4727:
4702:
4647:
4612:
4547:
4537:
4448:
4403:
4358:
4313:
4288:
4233:
4200:Mountain bamboo partridge
4188:
4178:
4131:Mountain peacock-pheasant
4079:
4034:
4009:
3999:
3960:
3925:
3900:
3875:
3840:
3830:
3826:
3812:
3681:Chestnut-headed partridge
3651:Rufous-throated partridge
3641:White-necklaced partridge
3601:
3578:
3555:
3532:
3519:Udzungwa forest partridge
3499:
3495:
3481:
3332:
3277:
3252:
3217:
3182:
3117:
3072:
3062:
3013:
2934:
2899:
2874:
2839:
2804:
2791:Black-billed capercaillie
2757:
2700:
2665:
2640:
2603:
2589:
2527:
2488:
2439:
2404:
2339:
2329:
2290:
2251:
2247:
2233:
2201:
1588:Aves – A taxonomy in flux
1266:Black-billed capercaillie
1030:Centrocercus urophasianus
725:Mating behavior selection
260:
253:
172:
165:
66:Scientific classification
64:
59:Centrocercus urophasianus
52:
43:
30:
8031:Beef hormone controversy
6886:
6648:(seriemas and relatives)
6627:(pelicans and relatives)
4425:White-throated francolin
4210:Chinese bamboo partridge
4161:Bornean peacock-pheasant
4151:Malayan peacock-pheasant
4111:Palawan peacock-pheasant
4021:Crimson-headed partridge
3852:Vietnamese crested argus
2629:C. canadensis franklinii
2017:
1832:. Elsevier BV: 123–132.
1100:Tympanuchus phasianellus
582:hundreds of kilometers.
342:(formerly the subfamily
6741:(hornbills and hoopoes)
6656:(falcons and relatives)
5119:Double-spurred spurfowl
4999:Chestnut-naped spurfowl
4979:Mount Cameroon spurfowl
4220:Taiwan bamboo partridge
4141:Hainan peacock-pheasant
3791:Grey-breasted partridge
3731:Orange-necked partridge
3711:White-cheeked partridge
3509:Rubeho forest partridge
3194:Lady Amherst's pheasant
2968:Greater prairie chicken
2779:Cantabrian capercaillie
2062:Extinct species, early
1866:Encyclopedia Britannica
1284:Cantabrian capercaillie
1240:Falcipennis falcipennis
1056:Greater prairie chicken
982:Dendragapus fuliginosus
765:in the coat of arms of
702:Cantabrian capercaillie
21:Grouse (disambiguation)
8056:Water holding capacity
6725:(trogons and quetzals)
6537:(cranes and relatives)
5807:(emus and cassowaries)
5697:Glossary of bird terms
5509:Confuciusornithiformes
5189:Grey-breasted spurfowl
5179:Yellow-necked spurfowl
5109:Hildebrandt's spurfowl
5009:Black-fronted spurfowl
4814:Przevalski's partridge
4510:Orange River francolin
3982:Green-legged partridge
3741:Red-breasted partridge
3309:Tibetan eared pheasant
2996:Lesser prairie chicken
2744:White-tailed ptarmigan
2131:Johnsgard, P. (1982).
2045:Extinct species, late
1934:10.1093/beheco/9.4.328
1371:Rhegminornis calobates
1196:White-tailed ptarmigan
1088:Lesser prairie chicken
779:driven grouse shooting
770:
708:Sexual size dimorphism
694:lesser prairie chicken
650:
293:
8432:Paleobiology Database
8041:Feed conversion ratio
7943:Ethics of eating meat
6566:(kagu and sunbittern)
6529:(gulls and relatives)
5534:Songlingornithiformes
5499:Omnivoropterygiformes
5149:Clapperton's spurfowl
5059:Grey-striped spurfowl
4500:Grey-winged francolin
4460:Ring-necked francolin
4255:Sri Lankan junglefowl
4091:Grey peacock-pheasant
3862:Malayan crested argus
3542:Ferruginous partridge
3424:Hoogerwerf's pheasant
3035:Long-billed partridge
2111:"What Do Grouse Eat?"
2079:De Juana, E. (1994).
1320:Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi
941:Canachites canadensis
760:
640:
561:species (ptarmigans,
283:
8094:Environmental impact
6388:Phoenicopteriformes
5039:Swierstra's spurfowl
4950:) (possibly extinct)
4864:Red-legged partridge
4714:Madagascar partridge
4470:Red-winged francolin
4435:Schlegel's francolin
3721:Bar-backed partridge
3661:Red-billed partridge
3414:Salvadori's pheasant
3319:Brown eared pheasant
3299:White eared pheasant
3139:Mrs. Hume's pheasant
2769:Western capercaillie
1774:Encyclopedia of Life
1659:Perrins, Christopher
1482:10.2981/wlb.2000.017
1275:Western capercaillie
1021:Centrocercus minimus
991:Dendragapus obscurus
735:Male grouse display
535:with well-developed
489:western capercaillie
19:For other uses, see
6359:Mesitornithiformes
6353:(doves and pigeons)
5687:Families and orders
5549:Ichthyornithiformes
5524:Patagopterygiformes
5199:Red-necked spurfowl
5169:Swainson's spurfowl
5079:Red-billed spurfowl
4969:Hartlaub's spurfowl
4669:Snow Mountain quail
4520:Shelley's francolin
3384:Vietnamese pheasant
3289:Blue eared pheasant
2946:Sharp-tailed grouse
2911:Greater sage-grouse
2391:Temminck's tragopan
1970:The Wilson Bulletin
1270:Tetrao urogalloides
1150:Tetrastes sewerzowi
1096:Sharp-tailed grouse
1026:Greater sage-grouse
872:Meleagris gallopavo
842:Pucrasia macrolopha
832:– koklass pheasant
713:Male size selection
379:Northern Hemisphere
8218:Warmed-over flavor
7986:Semi-vegetarianism
6701:(eagles and hawks)
6601:Procellariiformes
6506:Opisthocomiformes
6475:Steatornithiformes
5702:List by population
5539:Hongshanornithidae
5464:Evolution of birds
5159:Harwood's spurfowl
5139:Heuglin's spurfowl
5069:Jackson's spurfowl
4919:Manipur bush quail
4909:Painted bush quail
4844:Philby's partridge
4579:Himalayan snowcock
4559:Caucasian snowcock
4490:Moorland francolin
4480:Finsch's francolin
4300:Latham's francolin
4165:P. schleiermacheri
4066:Sri Lanka spurfowl
3771:Sumatran partridge
3456:Swinhoe's pheasant
3378:L. erythrophthalma
3374:Crestless fireback
2572:Californian turkey
1921:Behavioral Ecology
1060:Tympanuchus cupido
881:Meleagris ocellata
771:
651:
600:courtship displays
503:Feeding and habits
294:
8470:Bird common names
8447:
8446:
8419:Open Tree of Life
8271:Taxon identifiers
8262:
8261:
7929:
7928:
6854:
6853:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6587:(loons or divers)
6556:Phaethontiformes
6548:Phaethontimorphae
6498:Opisthocomiformes
6467:Caprimulgiformes
6407:
6406:
6396:Podicipediformes
6315:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6033:
6032:
5816:
5815:
5773:Struthioniformes
5641:Waterfowl hunting
5574:Gastornithiformes
5569:Aepyornithiformes
5559:Lithornithiformes
5231:
5230:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5143:P. icterorhynchus
5063:P. griseostriatus
5029:Djibouti spurfowl
5019:Erckel's spurfowl
5003:P. castaneicollis
4989:Handsome spurfowl
4913:P. erythrorhyncha
4889:Jungle bush quail
4854:Barbary partridge
4804:Arabian partridge
4624:See-see partridge
4533:
4532:
4390:Chinese francolin
4380:Painted francolin
4325:Crested francolin
4174:
4173:
3995:
3994:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3751:Malayan partridge
3671:Siamese partridge
3621:Sichuan partridge
3565:Crested partridge
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3428:L. i. hoogerwerfi
3404:Imperial pheasant
3364:Edward's pheasant
3344:Bulwer's pheasant
3129:Elliot's pheasant
3104:Tibetan partridge
3094:Daurian partridge
3058:
3057:
3009:
3008:
3000:T. pallidicinctus
2960:T. p. columbianus
2783:T. u. cantabricus
2625:Franklin's grouse
2585:
2584:
2523:
2522:
2484:
2483:
2375:T. melanocephalus
2325:
2324:
2286:
2285:
2102:978-84-87334-15-3
1678:978-1-55297-777-4
1618:978-1-85391-186-6
1336:
1335:
1288:T. u. cantabricus
1141:Tetrastes bonasia
1109:T. p. columbianus
1050:– prairie grouse
946:Franklin's grouse
719:sexual dimorphism
352:mitochondrial DNA
278:
277:
273:
268:
161:
8482:
8440:
8439:
8427:
8426:
8414:
8413:
8401:
8400:
8398:NBNSYS0000172131
8388:
8387:
8375:
8374:
8362:
8361:
8349:
8348:
8336:
8335:
8323:
8322:
8313:
8312:
8311:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8266:
8265:
8251:
8250:
8241:
8240:
8213:Roadkill cuisine
8008:Meat alternative
8003:Plant-based diet
7921:Meat substitutes
7816:
7815:
6967:
6961:
6881:
6874:
6867:
6858:
6857:
6842:
6841:
6830:
6818:
6817:
6806:
6805:
6758:
6750:
6742:
6734:
6731:Leptosomiformes
6726:
6718:
6710:
6702:
6699:Accipitriformes
6694:
6673:
6672:(perching birds)
6665:
6657:
6649:
6628:
6620:
6612:
6604:
6596:
6593:Sphenisciformes
6588:
6567:
6559:
6538:
6530:
6527:Charadriiformes
6509:
6488:
6470:
6449:
6441:
6438:Musophagiformes
6433:
6418:
6417:
6399:
6391:
6370:
6362:
6354:
6339:
6338:
6330:
6329:
6321:
6320:
6294:
6281:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6048:
5961:
5954:
5918:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5822:
5821:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5784:
5776:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5609:Bird collections
5564:Dinornithiformes
5469:Darwin's finches
5459:Origin of flight
5399:Seabird breeding
5389:Sexual selection
5258:
5251:
5244:
5235:
5234:
4834:Chukar partridge
4808:A. melanocephala
4743:C. coromandelica
4628:A. griseogularis
4589:Tibetan snowcock
4569:Caspian snowcock
4545:
4544:
4339:O. pondicerianus
4275:Green junglefowl
4186:
4185:
4056:Painted spurfowl
4007:
4006:
3838:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3761:Roll's partridge
3725:A. brunneopectus
3701:Taiwan partridge
3691:Hainan partridge
3665:A.a rubrirostris
3497:
3496:
3483:
3482:
3394:Crested fireback
3354:Siamese fireback
3268:Catreus wallichi
3169:Reeve's pheasant
3070:
3069:
3021:
3020:
2830:L. mlokosiewiczi
2826:Caucasian grouse
2712:Willow ptarmigan
2601:
2600:
2570:
2559:Ocellated turkey
2535:
2534:
2510:Koklass pheasant
2496:
2495:
2371:Western tragopan
2361:Cabot's tragopan
2351:Blyth's tragopan
2337:
2336:
2298:
2297:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2235:
2234:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2114:
2106:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1738:
1729:(4): 1083–1091.
1714:
1683:
1682:
1656:
1648:
1623:
1622:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1492:. Archived from
1470:Wildlife Biology
1467:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1400:
1316:Caucasian grouse
1302:
1279:Tetrao urogallus
1252:
1221:
1176:Willow ptarmigan
1162:
1123:
1075:
1042:
1003:
964:
950:C. c. franklinii
923:
901:– ruffed grouse
893:
877:Ocellated turkey
854:
838:Koklass pheasant
824:
806:
805:
592:willow ptarmigan
543:bacteria digest
482:
481:
477:
474:
468:
467:
463:
458:
457:
453:
450:
431:koklass pheasant
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
309:
306:
271:
263:
156:
74:
73:
48:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
8490:
8489:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8480:
8479:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8443:
8435:
8430:
8422:
8417:
8409:
8404:
8396:
8391:
8383:
8378:
8370:
8365:
8357:
8352:
8344:
8339:
8331:
8326:
8318:
8316:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8292:
8291:
8286:
8273:
8263:
8258:
8243:Food portal
8235:
8227:
8149:Case-ready meat
8131:
8125:
8099:Factory farming
8060:
8017:
7969:
7935:
7925:
7894:
7807:
7564:
7558:
7483:
7388:
7379:
7201:
7081:
7052:Lamb and mutton
6968:
6962:
6953:
6890:
6885:
6855:
6850:
6762:
6756:
6748:
6740:
6739:Bucerotiformes
6733:(cuckoo-roller)
6732:
6724:
6716:
6708:
6700:
6692:
6691:Cathartiformes
6677:
6671:
6663:
6662:Psittaciformes
6655:
6647:
6632:
6626:
6625:Pelecaniformes
6618:
6610:
6602:
6594:
6586:
6571:
6565:
6564:Eurypygiformes
6557:
6542:
6536:
6528:
6513:
6507:
6492:
6486:
6468:
6453:
6447:
6439:
6431:
6403:
6397:
6389:
6374:
6368:
6367:Pterocliformes
6360:
6352:
6303:
6292:
6279:
6264:
6188:
6147:
6085:
6050:
6049:
6042:
6041:
6029:
6009:
5982:
5959:
5952:
5912:
5911:
5899:
5898:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5812:
5806:
5805:Casuariiformes
5798:
5797:Apterygiformes
5790:
5782:
5774:
5751:
5736:
5707:Lists by region
5675:
5585:
5578:
5519:Chaoyangiformes
5504:Jeholornithidae
5478:
5442:Origin of birds
5428:
5409:Brood parasites
5355:
5285:
5272:
5262:
5232:
5227:
5208:
5123:P. bicalcaratus
5113:P. hildebrandti
5049:Ahanta spurfowl
4983:P. camerunensis
4953:
4948:O. superciliosa
4944:Himalayan quail
4928:
4923:P. manipurensis
4899:Rock bush quail
4873:
4788:
4749:Harlequin quail
4723:
4718:M. madagarensis
4698:
4663:S. ypsilophorus
4643:
4608:
4583:T. himalayensis
4529:
4474:S. levaillantii
4464:S. streptophora
4444:
4415:Coqui francolin
4399:
4370:Black francolin
4354:
4345:Swamp francolin
4309:
4284:
4265:Grey junglefowl
4229:
4170:
4095:P. bicalcaratum
4075:
4030:
4025:H. sanguiniceps
4002:Polyplectronini
3991:
3956:
3921:
3896:
3871:
3822:
3800:
3705:A. crudigularis
3597:
3588:Black partridge
3574:
3551:
3528:
3523:X. udzungwensis
3491:
3465:
3446:Silver pheasant
3440:L. leucomelanos
3328:
3303:C. crossoptilon
3273:
3248:
3229:Common pheasant
3213:
3204:Golden pheasant
3178:
3163:S. soemmerringi
3159:Copper pheasant
3149:Mikado pheasant
3113:
3054:
3045:Dulit partridge
3039:R. longirostris
3005:
2988:T. c. attwateri
2950:T. phasianellus
2930:
2921:Gunnison grouse
2915:C. urophasianus
2895:
2870:
2835:
2800:
2795:T. urogalloides
2753:
2696:
2661:
2652:Siberian grouse
2636:
2594:
2581:
2519:
2480:
2461:Sclater's monal
2451:Himalayan monal
2435:
2400:
2321:
2282:
2243:
2229:
2197:
2192:
2147:
2121:
2109:
2103:
2075:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1965:
1961:
1946:
1942:
1913:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1776:. 27 April 2013
1767:
1760:
1715:
1686:
1679:
1649:
1626:
1619:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1580:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1544:
1542:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1401:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1341:
1260:– capercaillies
1236:Siberian grouse
1230:Siberian grouse
1200:Lagopus leucura
1180:Lagopus lagopus
1131:– hazel grouse
1069:T. c. attwateri
1017:Gunnison grouse
931:– spruce grouse
911:Bonasa umbellus
815:Extant Species
804:
799:
755:
746:
733:
727:
715:
710:
698:Gunnison grouse
635:
588:
505:
479:
475:
472:
470:
465:
461:
460:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
377:regions of the
369:Grouse inhabit
366:, and others.
346:and the family
303:
299:
269:
245:
239:
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
191:
185:
179:
155:
68:
57:
39:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8488:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8428:
8415:
8402:
8389:
8376:
8363:
8350:
8337:
8324:
8314:
8299:
8283:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8256:
8254:Category: Meat
8245:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8146:
8141:
8135:
8133:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8119:Slaughterhouse
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8070:
8068:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7996:Pollotarianism
7993:
7991:Pescetarianism
7983:
7977:
7975:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7939:
7937:
7931:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7902:
7900:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7824:
7822:
7813:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7653:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7568:
7566:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7493:
7491:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7395:
7393:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7211:
7209:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7198:
7197:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7091:
7089:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6978:
6976:
6970:
6969:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6884:
6883:
6876:
6869:
6861:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6836:
6824:
6812:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6752:
6747:Coraciiformes
6744:
6736:
6728:
6723:Trogoniformes
6720:
6712:
6704:
6696:
6687:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:Passeriformes
6667:
6659:
6654:Falconiformes
6651:
6646:Cariamiformes
6642:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6622:
6614:
6609:Ciconiiformes
6606:
6598:
6590:
6581:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6561:
6552:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6532:
6523:
6521:
6519:Cursorimorphae
6515:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6502:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6463:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6443:
6435:
6426:
6424:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6393:
6384:
6382:
6380:Mirandornithes
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6364:
6356:
6351:Columbiformes
6347:
6345:
6343:Columbimorphae
6336:
6327:
6317:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6288:
6283:
6278:Meleagridinae
6274:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6198:
6196:
6194:Odontophoridae
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6157:
6155:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6095:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6056:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6019:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6000:
5992:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5973:Stictonettinae
5970:
5968:Dendrocygninae
5965:
5964:
5963:
5956:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5921:
5919:
5902:
5889:
5846:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5802:
5794:
5786:
5778:
5769:
5767:
5753:
5752:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5721:Notable birds
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5671:Egg collecting
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5554:Hesperornithes
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5529:Ambiortiformes
5526:
5521:
5516:
5514:Enantiornithes
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5488:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5438:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5306:
5301:
5295:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5238:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5186:
5183:P. leucoscepus
5176:
5166:
5156:
5153:P. clappertoni
5146:
5136:
5129:Scaly spurfowl
5126:
5116:
5106:
5099:Natal spurfowl
5096:
5086:
5076:
5066:
5056:
5046:
5036:
5033:P. ochropectus
5026:
5016:
5006:
4996:
4986:
4976:
4965:
4963:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4940:
4938:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4916:
4906:
4896:
4885:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4861:
4851:
4841:
4831:
4824:Rock partridge
4821:
4811:
4800:
4798:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4776:
4769:Japanese quail
4766:
4756:
4753:C. delegorguei
4746:
4735:
4733:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4710:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4676:
4673:S. monorthonyx
4666:
4655:
4653:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4634:Sand partridge
4631:
4620:
4618:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4599:Altai snowcock
4596:
4586:
4576:
4566:
4555:
4553:
4542:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4507:
4497:
4487:
4477:
4467:
4456:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4432:
4429:C. albogularis
4422:
4411:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4394:F. pintadeanus
4387:
4377:
4374:F. francolinus
4366:
4364:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4342:
4335:Grey francolin
4332:
4321:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4296:
4294:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4272:
4262:
4252:
4245:Red junglefowl
4241:
4239:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4196:
4194:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4098:
4087:
4085:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4070:G. bicalcarata
4063:
4053:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4017:
4015:
4004:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3968:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3944:
3937:Indian peafowl
3933:
3931:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3908:
3906:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3883:
3881:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3848:
3846:
3835:
3824:
3823:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3748:
3738:
3728:
3718:
3715:A. atrogularis
3708:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3668:
3658:
3655:A. rufogularis
3648:
3638:
3628:
3618:
3611:Hill partridge
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3505:
3503:
3493:
3492:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3436:Kalij pheasant
3433:
3432:
3431:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3388:L. hatinhensis
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3323:C.mantchuricum
3316:
3306:
3296:
3285:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3264:Cheer pheasant
3260:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:Green pheasant
3236:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3190:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3125:
3123:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3084:Grey partridge
3080:
3078:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3031:
3029:
3018:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2942:
2940:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2907:
2905:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2882:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2861:Chinese grouse
2858:
2847:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2812:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2765:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2734:Rock ptarmigan
2731:
2730:
2729:
2708:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2691:D. fuliginosus
2684:
2673:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2656:F. falcipennis
2648:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2611:
2609:
2598:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2576:M. californica
2566:
2556:
2545:
2543:
2532:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2506:
2504:
2493:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2412:
2410:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2381:Satyr tragopan
2378:
2368:
2358:
2347:
2345:
2334:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2312:Blood pheasant
2308:
2306:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:Snow partridge
2269:
2267:
2256:
2245:
2244:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2150:"Grouse"
2145:
2128:
2120:
2119:External links
2117:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2055:
2038:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1959:
1940:
1927:(4): 328–338.
1904:
1879:
1853:
1812:
1787:
1758:
1684:
1677:
1624:
1617:
1599:
1571:
1551:
1523:
1502:
1499:on 2015-03-27.
1476:(4): 205–212.
1450:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1347:Proagriocharis
1340:
1339:Extinct genera
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1329:Lyrurus tetrix
1322:
1311:
1310:– black grouse
1303:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1272:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1205:Rock ptarmigan
1202:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1146:Chinese grouse
1143:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1023:
1012:
1011:– sage grouse
1004:
996:
995:
994:
993:
984:
973:
972:– blue grouse
965:
957:
956:
955:
954:
953:
952:
932:
924:
916:
915:
914:
913:
902:
894:
886:
885:
884:
883:
874:
863:
855:
847:
846:
845:
844:
833:
825:
817:
816:
813:
810:
803:
800:
798:
795:
754:
751:
745:
742:
729:Main article:
726:
723:
714:
711:
709:
706:
634:
631:
587:
584:
504:
501:
442:
439:
399:rock ptarmigan
276:
275:
258:
257:
251:
250:
170:
169:
163:
162:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
62:
61:
50:
49:
41:
40:
33:
16:Tribe of birds
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8487:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8438:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8310:
8304:
8300:
8295:
8289:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8276:
8272:
8267:
8255:
8246:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8233:
8230:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8161:Cultured meat
8159:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8128:
8120:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8067:
8066:Meat industry
8063:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8020:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7988:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7981:Vegetarianism
7979:
7978:
7976:
7972:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7953:Animal rights
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7932:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7817:
7814:
7812:List articles
7810:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7713:Luncheon meat
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7561:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7525:
7522:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7310:Pacific saury
7308:
7306:
7305:Orange roughy
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7208:
7204:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6882:
6877:
6875:
6870:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6859:
6847:
6846:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6801:
6800:
6797:
6759:
6753:
6751:
6745:
6743:
6737:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6721:
6719:
6713:
6711:
6707:Strigiformes
6705:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6652:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6635:
6629:
6623:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6607:
6605:
6599:
6597:
6591:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6558:(tropicbirds)
6554:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6539:
6533:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6483:
6481:
6480:Podargiformes
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6430:Cuculiformes
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6400:
6394:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6371:
6365:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6128:Macrocephalon
6125:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6046:
6040:
6036:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6015:Anseranatidae
6012:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5962:
5957:
5955:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5823:
5819:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5795:
5793:
5789:Tinamiformes
5787:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5765:Palaeognathae
5762:
5758:
5754:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:Pigeon racing
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5493:Archaeopteryx
5490:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5254:
5252:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5223:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5193:P. rufopictus
5190:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5173:P. swainsonii
5170:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5103:P. natalensis
5100:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5089:Cape spurfowl
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5053:P. ahantensis
5050:
5047:
5044:
5043:P. swierstrai
5040:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4783:C. pectoralis
4780:
4779:Stubble quail
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4705:Margaroperdix
4701:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4563:T. caucasicus
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4514:S. gutturalis
4511:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4494:S. psilolaema
4491:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4440:
4439:C. schlegelii
4436:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4269:G. sonneratii
4266:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4214:B. thoracicus
4211:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4145:P. katsumatae
4142:
4139:
4136:
4135:P. inopinatum
4132:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3976:T. charltonii
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3963:Tropicoperdix
3959:
3952:
3948:
3947:Green peafowl
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3913:
3912:Congo peafowl
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3867:
3866:R. nigrescens
3863:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3811:
3796:
3795:A. orientalis
3792:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3745:A. hyperythra
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:A. cambodiana
3682:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3625:A. rufipectus
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3513:X. obscuratus
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:L. nycthemera
3447:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3408:L. imperialis
3405:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3243:P. versicolor
3240:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:C. amherstiae
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3108:P. hodgsoniae
3105:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3050:
3049:R. dulitensis
3046:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2886:Ruffed grouse
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2726:L. l. scotica
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:C. canadensis
2616:
2615:Spruce grouse
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2515:
2514:P. macrolopha
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2476:
2472:
2471:Chinese monal
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2430:T. szechenyii
2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2395:T. temminckii
2392:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2125:Grouse videos
2123:
2122:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:Lynx Edicions
2087:. Barcelona:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2008:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1977:(3): 387–406.
1976:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1775:
1771:
1765:
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1746:
1742:
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1699:
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1589:
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1537:
1535:
1527:
1512:
1506:
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1464:
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1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1355:
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1349:
1348:
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1314:
1313:
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1267:
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1247:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:L. l. scotica
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:– ptarmigans
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
988:
985:
983:
979:
976:
975:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
959:
958:
951:
947:
944:
943:
942:
938:
937:Spruce grouse
935:
934:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
918:
917:
912:
908:
907:Ruffed grouse
905:
904:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
888:
887:
882:
878:
875:
873:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
849:
848:
843:
839:
836:
835:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
819:
818:
814:
811:
808:
807:
802:Extant genera
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
768:
764:
763:willow grouse
759:
750:
741:
738:
732:
722:
720:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:ruffed grouse
679:
674:
672:
671:birds of prey
668:
664:
660:
656:
648:
644:
643:ruffed grouse
639:
630:
628:
627:capercaillies
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:), males are
593:
583:
581:
577:
576:willow grouse
573:
568:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:invertebrates
510:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
438:
436:
432:
428:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
331:
327:
324:
318:
298:
291:
288:found at the
287:
286:ruffed grouse
282:
274:
266:
259:
256:
252:
249:
248:and see text
246:
244:
243:
238:
237:
232:
231:
226:
225:
220:
219:
214:
213:
208:
207:
202:
201:
196:
195:
190:
189:
184:
183:
178:
177:
171:
168:
164:
159:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
60:
56:
51:
47:
42:
37:
36:Early Miocene
29:
26:
22:
8278:
8183:Mystery meat
8139:Arachnophagy
8079:Branch house
8046:Preservation
8023:Meat science
7974:Alternatives
7963:Meat paradox
7885:Smoked foods
7524:Grasshoppers
7469:Sea cucumber
7464:Shrimp/prawn
6843:
6831:
6819:
6807:
6717:(mousebirds)
6715:Coliiformes
6585:Gaviiformes
6577:Aequornithes
6485:Apodiformes
6446:Otidiformes
6422:Otidimorphae
6369:(sandgrouse)
6298:
6291:Phasianinae
6257:
6250:
6243:
6238:Odontophorus
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6076:Oreophasinae
6022:
6002:
5995:
5900:(waterfowls)
5896:Anseriformes
5646:Cockfighting
5631:Conservation
5626:Bird feeding
5614:Birdwatching
5604:Ornithomancy
5544:Gansuiformes
5491:
5484:Fossil birds
5374:Intelligence
5202:
5192:
5182:
5172:
5162:
5152:
5142:
5133:P. squamatus
5132:
5122:
5112:
5102:
5092:
5083:P. adspersus
5082:
5072:
5062:
5052:
5042:
5032:
5022:
5013:P. atrifrons
5012:
5002:
4992:
4982:
4973:P. hartlaubi
4972:
4958:
4947:
4933:
4922:
4912:
4903:P. argoondah
4902:
4892:
4878:
4867:
4857:
4847:
4837:
4827:
4817:
4807:
4793:
4782:
4772:
4762:
4759:Common quail
4752:
4742:
4728:
4717:
4703:
4693:S. chinensis
4692:
4683:S. adansonii
4682:
4672:
4662:
4648:
4637:
4627:
4613:
4602:
4593:T. tibetanus
4592:
4582:
4572:
4562:
4550:Tetraogallus
4548:
4523:
4513:
4503:
4493:
4483:
4473:
4463:
4449:
4438:
4428:
4418:
4406:Campocolinus
4404:
4393:
4383:
4373:
4359:
4348:
4338:
4328:
4314:
4303:
4289:
4278:
4268:
4259:G. lafayetii
4258:
4248:
4234:
4224:B. sonorivox
4223:
4213:
4203:
4189:
4164:
4155:P. malacense
4154:
4144:
4134:
4124:
4114:
4105:P. chalcurum
4104:
4094:
4082:Polyplectron
4080:
4069:
4059:
4049:
4046:Red spurfowl
4035:
4024:
4010:
3986:T. chloropus
3985:
3975:
3961:
3950:
3941:P. cristatus
3940:
3926:
3916:A. congensis
3915:
3901:
3890:
3876:
3865:
3855:
3841:
3794:
3784:
3775:A. sumatrana
3774:
3764:
3755:A. campbelli
3754:
3744:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3694:
3684:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3635:A. mandellii
3634:
3624:
3615:A. torqueola
3614:
3591:
3580:Melanoperdix
3568:
3545:
3522:
3512:
3459:
3449:
3439:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3333:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3292:
3280:Crossoptilon
3278:
3267:
3253:
3242:
3233:P. colchicus
3232:
3218:
3207:
3197:
3185:Chrysolophus
3183:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3142:
3132:
3118:
3107:
3097:
3087:
3073:
3048:
3038:
3024:
3016:Rhizotherini
2999:
2987:
2971:
2959:
2949:
2935:
2924:
2914:
2902:Centrocercus
2900:
2889:
2875:
2865:T. sewerzowi
2864:
2854:
2851:Hazel grouse
2840:
2829:
2819:
2816:Black grouse
2805:
2794:
2782:
2773:T. urogallus
2772:
2758:
2747:
2737:
2725:
2715:
2701:
2690:
2687:Sooty grouse
2680:
2677:Dusky grouse
2666:
2655:
2641:
2628:
2618:
2604:
2595:
2575:
2562:
2553:M. gallopavo
2552:
2538:
2530:Meleagridini
2513:
2499:
2474:
2464:
2455:L. impejanus
2454:
2440:
2429:
2419:
2407:Tetraophasis
2405:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2354:
2340:
2332:Lophophorini
2315:
2301:
2276:
2262:
2154:
2140:
2136:
2084:
2058:
2041:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1924:
1920:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1868:. 4 May 1999
1865:
1856:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1773:
1726:
1722:
1663:
1608:
1602:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:
1582:Boyd, John.
1563:. Retrieved
1554:
1543:. Retrieved
1533:
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1505:
1494:the original
1473:
1469:
1412:
1408:
1369:
1364:Rhegminornis
1362:
1352:
1345:
1328:
1325:Black grouse
1319:
1305:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1255:
1239:
1224:
1209:Lagopus muta
1208:
1199:
1188:
1179:
1165:
1149:
1140:
1137:Hazel grouse
1126:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:T. c. cupido
1080:
1068:
1059:
1045:
1029:
1020:
1008:Centrocercus
1006:
990:
987:Dusky grouse
981:
978:Sooty grouse
967:
949:
940:
926:
910:
896:
880:
871:
857:
841:
827:
783:black grouse
772:
747:
734:
716:
675:
652:
616:
589:
586:Reproduction
569:
562:
549:
506:
444:
419:
401:in northern
391:mountainside
383:pine forests
368:
347:
343:
339:
296:
295:
272:Vigors, 1825
270:Tetraoninae
262:Tetraonidae
261:
247:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
210:
204:
200:Centrocercus
198:
192:
186:
180:
174:
173:
152:
58:
25:
8309:Tetraoninae
8303:Wikispecies
8279:Tetraoninae
8166:Entomophagy
8154:Meat diaper
8144:Cannibalism
7820:Meat dishes
7602:Charcuterie
7565:preparation
7549:Mopane worm
7539:Mezcal worm
6845:WikiProject
6755:Piciformes
6638:Australaves
6617:Suliformes
6535:Gruiformes
6390:(flamingos)
6299:Tetraoninae
6270:Phasianidae
6259:Rhynchortyx
6224:Dactylortyx
6091:Megapodidae
6081:Penelopinae
6039:Galliformes
5781:Rheiformes
5775:(ostriches)
5725:individuals
5599:Ornithology
5586:interaction
5341:Preen gland
5163:P. harwoodi
5093:P. capensis
5073:P. jacksoni
5023:P. erckelii
4893:P. asiatica
4773:C. japonica
4763:C. coturnix
4659:Brown quail
4603:T. altaicus
4540:Coturnicini
4524:S. shelleyi
4451:Scleroptila
4361:Francolinus
4329:O. sephaena
4191:Bambusicola
4125:P. germaini
4115:P. emphanum
4060:G. lunulata
4050:G. spadicea
4037:Galloperdix
4012:Haematortyx
3887:Great argus
3856:R. ocellata
3785:A. javanica
3603:Arborophila
3460:L. swinhoii
3418:L. inornata
3368:L. edwardsi
3098:P. dauurica
2937:Tympanuchus
2890:B. umbellus
2681:D. obscurus
2668:Dendragapus
2643:Falcipennis
2563:M. ocellata
2549:Wild turkey
2465:L. sclateri
2442:Lophophorus
2420:T. obscurus
2316:I. cruentus
2241:Phasianinae
2225:Galliformes
2195:Phasianidae
2091:. pp.
1534:Tetraoninae
1226:Falcipennis
1047:Tympanuchus
969:Dendragapus
868:Wild turkey
781:. The male
773:Grouse are
633:Populations
521:vertebrates
485:wild turkey
441:Description
348:Tetraonidae
344:Tetraoninae
333:Phasianidae
326:Galliformes
224:Falcipennis
212:Tympanuchus
206:Dendragapus
143:Phasianinae
139:Subfamily:
133:Phasianidae
123:Galliformes
55:sage grouse
8465:Tetraonini
8454:Categories
8223:White meat
8198:Pink slime
8176:Artificial
8051:Tenderness
7936:psychology
7934:Ethics and
7768:Salt-cured
7474:Sea urchin
7042:Guinea pig
6595:(penguins)
6448:(bustards)
6286:Perdicinae
6231:Dendrortyx
6203:Callipepla
6135:Megapodius
6100:Aepypodius
5978:Tadorninae
5960:true geese
5791:(tinamous)
5750:Neornithes
5661:Pheasantry
5636:Aviculture
5404:Incubation
5394:Lek mating
4993:P. nobilis
4960:Pternistis
4858:A. barbara
4848:A. philbyi
4739:Rain quail
4689:King quail
4679:Blue quail
4615:Ammoperdix
4573:T. caspius
4484:S. finschi
4349:O. gularis
4316:Ortygornis
4304:P. lathami
4291:Peliperdix
4204:B. fytchii
3951:P. muticus
3878:Argusianus
3843:Rheinardia
3818:Subfamily
3675:A. diversa
3645:A. gingica
3569:R. rouloul
3546:C. oculeus
3534:Caloperdix
3501:Xenoperdix
3489:Rollulinae
3487:Subfamily
3348:L. bulweri
3313:C. harmani
3293:C. auritum
3173:S. reevesi
3133:S. ellioti
3120:Syrmaticus
3065:Phasianini
3026:Rhizothera
2925:C. minimus
2855:T. bonasia
2748:L. leucura
2722:Red grouse
2716:L. lagopus
2606:Canachites
2592:Tetraonini
2491:Pucrasiini
2475:L. lhuysii
2355:T. blythii
2293:Ithaginini
2239:Subfamily
2049:and early
1593:2014-03-13
1565:2021-08-01
1545:2013-03-13
1517:2014-03-13
1415:: 107091.
1380:References
1185:Red grouse
928:Canachites
862:– turkeys
753:In culture
731:Lek mating
678:red grouse
596:polygamous
533:intestines
493:ptarmigans
340:Tetraonini
230:Canachites
153:Tetraonini
8114:Slaughter
8036:Drip loss
7758:Rillettes
7718:Marinated
7656:Forcemeat
7642:Fermented
7582:Barbecued
7554:Palm grub
7385:Shellfish
7355:Swordfish
7290:Mahi Mahi
7120:Crocodile
7095:Alligator
6974:Livestock
6904:Cassowary
6664:(parrots)
6508:(hoatzin)
6459:Strisores
6440:(turacos)
6432:(cuckoos)
6361:(mesites)
6280:(turkeys)
6252:Philortyx
6169:Agelastes
6162:Acryllium
6153:Numididae
6142:Talegalla
6052:gamebirds
6045:landfowls
6024:Anseranas
5988:Anhimidae
5947:Anserinae
5730:fictional
5452:dinosaurs
5447:Theropoda
5434:Evolution
5379:Migration
5361:Behaviour
4880:Perdicula
4838:A. chukar
4828:A. graeca
4795:Alectoris
4384:F. pictus
4279:G. varius
4249:G. gallus
3820:Pavoninae
3735:A. davidi
3695:A. ardens
3398:L. ignita
3358:L. diardi
3220:Phasianus
3208:C. pictus
3153:S. mikado
3143:S. humiae
3088:P. perdix
2980:(extinct)
2978:Heath hen
2972:T. cupido
2842:Tetrastes
2820:L. tetrix
2540:Meleagris
2385:T. satyra
2365:T. caboti
2303:Ithaginis
2205:Kingdom:
1897:27 August
1872:27 August
1805:27 August
1780:27 August
1445:231963063
1429:1055-7903
1385:Footnotes
1128:Tetrastes
1077:Heath hen
859:Meleagris
767:Enontekiö
572:ptarmigan
545:cellulose
541:symbiotic
539:in which
403:Greenland
375:subarctic
371:temperate
328:, in the
194:Tetrastes
182:Meleagris
89:Kingdom:
83:Eukaryota
38:to recent
8317:BioLib:
8288:Wikidata
8208:Red meat
8203:Raw meat
8132:subjects
8013:Veganism
7880:Meatball
7743:Pemmican
7728:Meatloaf
7723:Meatball
7563:Cuts and
7544:Silkworm
7534:Mealworm
7512:Crickets
7424:Crayfish
7404:Calamari
7300:Milkfish
7285:Mackerel
7280:Kingfish
7255:Flounder
7155:Pangolin
7140:Kangaroo
7125:Elephant
7110:Bushmeat
6809:Category
6683:Afroaves
6611:(storks)
6413:Passerea
6398:(grebes)
6334:Columbea
6245:Oreortyx
6217:Cyrtonyx
6107:Alectura
6071:Cracinae
6063:Cracidae
5940:Oxyurini
5930:Aythyini
5925:Anatinae
5909:Anatidae
5656:Falconry
5619:big year
5474:Seabirds
5384:Foraging
5331:Feathers
4935:Ophrysia
4818:A. magna
4730:Coturnix
4650:Synoicus
4419:C. coqui
3903:Afropavo
3891:A. argus
3833:Pavonini
3765:A. rolli
3592:M. niger
3557:Rollulus
2501:Pucrasia
2342:Tragopan
2277:L. lerwa
2213:Chordata
2211:Phylum:
2207:Animalia
2143:: 42–57.
2051:Pliocene
1956:: 63–76.
1848:26879712
1745:16780509
1654:"Grouse"
1490:85807603
1437:33545275
829:Pucrasia
789:and the
787:Scotland
680:and the
529:gizzards
387:moorland
255:Synonyms
176:Pucrasia
129:Family:
103:Chordata
99:Phylum:
93:Animalia
79:Domain:
8359:4847862
8294:Q201240
8171:Marbled
8130:Related
8109:Packing
8084:Butcher
7948:Carnism
7890:Sausage
7865:Seafood
7833:Chicken
7803:Tartare
7798:Tandoor
7778:Sausage
7763:Roasted
7748:Poached
7738:Pickled
7661:Cretons
7651:supreme
7592:Braised
7587:Biltong
7489:Insects
7454:Scallop
7444:Octopus
7434:Lobster
7429:Dolphin
7399:Abalone
7391:seafood
7375:Walleye
7360:Tilapia
7335:Sardine
7325:Pollock
7275:Herring
7270:Halibut
7265:Haddock
7260:Grouper
7245:Crappie
7235:Catfish
7215:Anchovy
7185:Venison
7002:Buffalo
6992:Beefalo
6929:Ostrich
6909:Chicken
6896:Poultry
6821:Commons
6325:Neoaves
6210:Colinus
6176:Guttera
6114:Eulipoa
5935:Mergini
5799:(kiwis)
5783:(rheas)
5594:Ringing
5419:Hybrids
5414:Nesting
5369:Singing
5346:Plumage
5321:Dactyly
5291:Anatomy
5281:Outline
5271:: Aves)
5203:P. afer
4868:A. rufa
4638:A. heyi
4504:S. afra
4181:Gallini
3335:Lophura
3255:Catreus
2807:Lyrurus
2738:L. muta
2703:Lagopus
2254:Lerwini
2223:Order:
2217:Class:
2159:. 1905.
2093:376–411
2073:General
2064:Miocene
2047:Miocene
1753:6144117
1669:184–187
1661:(ed.).
1361:Genus â€
1344:Genus â€
1307:Lyrurus
1167:Lagopus
797:Species
737:lekking
690:greater
667:martens
655:biomass
612:plumage
580:migrate
564:Lagopus
555:Prairie
517:conifer
509:catkins
478:⁄
464:⁄
454:⁄
422:turkeys
393:, from
381:, from
242:Lyrurus
218:Lagopus
149:Tribe:
119:Order:
109:Class:
8460:Grouse
8424:999677
8411:466585
8385:553485
8372:108676
8346:1TTRAF
8252:
8104:Jobber
8089:Cutter
8074:Broker
7875:Steaks
7793:Stewed
7783:Smoked
7773:Salumi
7753:Potted
7703:Kidney
7683:Ground
7678:Frozen
7647:Fillet
7627:Cutlet
7617:Corned
7612:Confit
7597:Burger
7528:locust
7507:Cicada
7449:Oyster
7439:Mussel
7409:Chiton
7389:other
7330:Salmon
7295:Marlin
7180:Turtle
7170:Rabbit
7145:Monkey
7135:Iguana
7077:Żubroń
7032:Snails
7027:Donkey
6982:Alpaca
6949:Turkey
6934:Pigeon
6833:Portal
6709:(owls)
6183:Numida
6121:Leipoa
6004:Chauna
5997:Anhima
5692:Genera
5666:Imping
5584:Human
5424:Colony
5351:Vision
5336:Flight
4538:Tribe
4236:Gallus
4179:Tribe
4000:Tribe
3831:Tribe
3075:Perdix
3063:Tribe
3014:Tribe
2877:Bonasa
2760:Tetrao
2596:Grouse
2590:Tribe
2528:Tribe
2489:Tribe
2330:Tribe
2291:Tribe
2252:Tribe
2099:
1846:
1751:
1743:
1675:
1615:
1488:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1257:Tetrao
898:Bonasa
669:, and
647:Canada
623:clutch
619:scrape
559:tundra
551:Forest
427:sister
330:family
297:Grouse
267:, 1825
265:Vigors
236:Tetrao
188:Bonasa
167:Genera
160:, 1819
31:Grouse
8437:67700
8367:IRMNG
8333:628B9
8188:Offal
7899:Other
7788:Steak
7733:Offal
7708:Liver
7698:Kebab
7693:Jerky
7673:Fried
7632:Dried
7622:Cured
7577:Bacon
7517:Flour
7479:Whale
7365:Trout
7340:Shark
7315:Perch
7175:Snake
7150:Mouse
7057:Llama
7047:Horse
7007:Camel
6997:Bison
6939:Quail
6924:Goose
5953:swans
5915:ducks
5885:fowls
5680:Lists
5304:Brain
5269:class
5265:Birds
2264:Lerwa
2018:Notes
1749:S2CID
1657:. In
1497:(PDF)
1486:S2CID
1466:(PDF)
1441:S2CID
812:Genus
809:Image
663:foxes
608:combs
537:caeca
525:crops
497:spurs
435:basal
415:Texas
405:) to
337:tribe
323:order
158:Leach
53:Male
8406:NCBI
8380:ITIS
8354:GBIF
8341:EPPO
8320:8554
7870:Veal
7853:Pork
7848:Lamb
7843:Goat
7838:Fish
7828:Beef
7666:Pâté
7607:Chop
7572:Aged
7497:Ants
7459:Seal
7419:Crab
7414:Clam
7370:Tuna
7350:Swai
7345:Sole
7320:Pike
7230:Carp
7225:Bass
7220:Basa
7207:Fish
7195:Wolf
7165:Hare
7115:Boar
7105:Bear
7087:Game
7067:Veal
7062:Pork
7037:Frog
7017:Goat
6987:Beef
6944:Rhea
6914:Duck
6888:Meat
5326:Eggs
5314:milk
5309:Crop
5299:Beak
3928:Pavo
2219:Aves
2097:ISBN
1899:2023
1874:2023
1844:PMID
1807:2023
1800:GBIF
1782:2023
1741:PMID
1673:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1433:PMID
1425:ISSN
791:Alps
775:game
692:and
686:IUCN
659:lynx
604:leks
527:and
420:The
417:).
407:28°N
395:83°N
389:and
373:and
360:ITIS
113:Aves
8393:NBN
8328:CoL
7858:Ham
7688:Ham
7637:Dum
7387:and
7250:Eel
7240:Cod
7190:Dog
7160:Rat
7130:Fox
7100:Bat
7072:Yak
7022:Dog
7012:Cat
6919:Emu
4427:, (
2141:VII
1929:doi
1834:doi
1731:doi
1478:doi
1417:doi
1413:158
645:in
469:to
413:in
385:to
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