104:
257:
1515:
662:
897:
817:
913:
46:
881:
34:
956:
124:
929:
865:
282:
833:
781:
343:
293:, the Junta had a majority of mainland Spain-born delegates, which would vote down almost every measure they suggested, including the measure on the abolition of slavery. However, Acosta could convince the Junta that abolition could be achieved in Puerto Rico without disrupting the local economy, including its Cuban members, who frowned upon implementing it in Cuba because of its much higher numbers of slave labor.
849:
458:
772:
Juan de Mata
Terreforte, who fought alongside Manuel Rojas, was exiled to New York City. He joined the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee and was named its vice-president. Terreforte and the members of the Revolutionary committee adopted the Flag of Lares as the flag of Puerto Rico until 1892, when
300:
Beyond abolition, however, proposals for autonomy were voted down, as were other petitions to limit the governor general's power over virtually every aspect of life in Puerto Rico. Once the Junta members returned to Puerto Rico, they met with local community leaders in a famed meeting at the
Hacienda
581:
The leaders decided to start their revolution in the town of Lares on
September 23. Some 400–600 rebels gathered on that day in the hacienda of Manuel Rojas, located in the vicinity of Pezuela, on the outskirts of Lares. Led by Rojas and Juan de Mata Terreforte, the poorly trained and sparsely
704:
under the command of
Brugman. Although he was studying law in Spain, and therefore had not participated in the Lares uprising, Ríus Rivera was an avid follower of Caribbean politics. When he learned about the failed revolt, he interrupted his law studies and traveled to the United States, where he
692:
and other prominent Puerto Ricans were successful in interceding with
President Francisco Serrano, who had himself just led a revolution against the monarchy in Spain. In an effort to appease the already tense atmosphere on the island, the incoming governor, José Laureano Sanz, dictated a general
240:
In mid-19th century Puerto Rico, many supporters of independence from Spain, as well as others who did not support independence from Spain but simply called for liberal reforms, were jailed or exiled. However, in 1865, the central government in Madrid, finally attempted to appease the growing
530:
on
September 29. The meeting was attended by Marcelino Vega, Carlos Martínez, Bonifacio Agüero, José Antonio Hernández, Ramón Estrella, Bartolomé González, Cesilio López, Antonio Santiago, Manuel Ramírez, Ulises Cancela. Cancela instructed Manuel María González to deliver all of the acts and
542:
would be neutralized by poisoning the bread rations. Given the fact that
September 29 would be a holiday for most laborers, simultaneous uprisings would occur, beginning with the cell in Camuy, and following with the ones in various other points; reinforcements would arrive on a ship,
558:. They allowed him to recruit a small army, and gave him a ship containing weapons. However, when the ship was about to sail, the Spanish government made its move. It prohibited the ship's departure from Dominican territory. The authorities in the then Danish West Indies
233:. At the time, Puerto Rico and Cuba also suffered a severe economic crisis because of increasing tariffs and taxes imposed by the Spanish central government on most import and export goods. The Spanish crown needed the funds badly to subsidize its troops in the
399:
or statements attacking the exploitation of the Puerto Ricans by the
Spanish centralist system and called for immediate insurrection. These statements soon circulated throughout the island as local dissident groups began to organize. Among them,
589:
The rebels then entered the town's church and placed the revolutionary flag of Lares on the High Altar. This was the sign that the revolution had begun. The
Republic of Puerto Rico was proclaimed at (2:00 am local time) under the presidency of
547:, and the cells would be reinforced by more than 3,000 mercenaries. Castañón and his men then entered González's residence and confiscated the documents of Medina's meeting and alerted his commanding officer in Arecibo. The cell leaders at the
311:, who supported independence from Spain and had been exiled by the Spanish government twice, was invited by Ruiz and attended. After listening to the Junta members' list of voted-down measures, Betances stood up and retorted:
2220:
434:. The flag was divided in the middle by a white Latin cross, the two lower corners were red and the two upper corners were blue. A white star was placed in the upper left blue corner. According to Puerto Rican poet
586:(Spanish mainland-born men) and took over the city hall. Spanish mainland-born merchants and Puerto Rican government authorities, considered by the rebels as enemies of the fatherland, were taken as prisoners.
438:
the white cross stands for the yearning for homeland redemption; the red squares, the blood poured by the heroes of the rebellion and the white star in the blue solitude square, stands for liberty and freedom.
329:, by the continuing repression on the island, all of which was caused by the extreme centralism of the Spanish central government in Madrid, an armed rebellion was soon staged by the pro-independence movement.
1391:
by
Francisco Modesto Berroa Ubiera, Professor of the Escuela de Historia, and former director of the institute of History of the Humanities Faculty of the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo
270:
The Puerto Rican delegation was freely elected by those eligible to vote (male Caucasian property owners) in what was one of the first exercises of political openness in Spain. The separatist
297:, once he became minister for foreign affairs in 1870, finally approved an abolition bill and praised the efforts of the Puerto Rican members, who were sincerely moved by Acosta's arguments.
322:
Betances then suggested an outright island-wide rebellion, with a proclamation of independence as soon as possible. To Acosta's horror, many of the meeting's attendees sided with Betances.
725:
574:
278:, which horrified the governor of Puerto Rico as well as most of residents of the island since the majority of Puerto Ricans did not support independence from the rest of Spain.
245:(Informative Board on Overseas Reforms) would be formed by representatives of each overseas province in proportion to their collective population. The board would meet in
1084:
709:
and offered his services. Juan Ríus Rivera went to Cuba and became the Commander-in-Chief of the Cuban Liberation Army of the west after General Antonio Maceo's death.
1635:
319:(You can't give away what you don't own), a phrase that he used throughout his entire life to refer to Spain's unwillingness to grant Puerto Rico or Cuba any reforms.
565:
Seeing their plans disrupted, the other leaders feared arrest. They decided to change the date of the revolution for an earlier one without consulting Betances.
516:
The critical state of the economy, slavery, and the increasing political repression from the Spanish central government, served as catalysts for the rebellion.
185:. Three decades after rebelling in Lares, the revolutionary committee carried out a second unsuccessful revolt in the neighboring southwestern municipality of
1461:
2185:
994:
594:
at the church and the revolutionaries offered freedom to the slaves who joined them. President Ramírez Medina appointed Government officials as follows:
409:
685:, where they were tortured and humiliated. On November 17, a military court imposed the death penalty, for treason and sedition, on all the prisoners.
653:
The insurgents retreated back to Lares. Upon an order from the governor, Julián Pavía, the militia soon rounded them up, and the insurrection was over.
1608:
1914:
241:
discontent in all its overseas provinces by setting up a "board of review" to receive complaints from provincial representatives. The board, the
2241:
2210:
693:
amnesty early in 1869 and all prisoners were released. However Betances, Rojas, Lacroix, Aurelio Méndez, and many others were sent into exile.
650:, and several other towns. This caused confusion amongst the rebels, who were greatly disadvantaged without the weapons provided by Betances.
741:
During the years immediately following the Grito, there were minor pro-independence protests and skirmishes with the Spanish authorities in
700:
met and befriended Betances, and joined the pro-independence movement in the island. He became a member of the Mayagüez revolutionary cell
2205:
1058:
450:
bringing together members from all sectors of society including landowners, merchants, professionals, peasants, and slaves. Most were
2285:
2310:
1598:
1504:
45:
1406:
33:
1578:
1159:"Junta Informativa de Ultramar"; Author Spain. Ministerio de Ultramar; Publisher: Imp. de la Biblioteca Universal Económica, 1869
1034:
419:, inspired by Ramón Emeterio Betances's quest for Puerto Rico's independence, wrote the patriotic lyrics to the existing tune of
738:
Although the revolt failed to achieve its main objective, the Spanish government granted more political autonomy to the island.
383:
174:
128:
2280:
1518:
793:
While there is not an official El Grito de Lares holiday, the day is celebrated in the Plaza de Recreo de la Revolución in
1274:
1348:
1716:
1039:
887:
674:
622:
473:
447:
1809:
1375:
559:
412:, adopted by France's National Assembly in 1789, which contained the principles that inspired the French Revolution.
2124:
1746:
217:
In the 1860s, the government of Spain was involved in several conflicts across Latin America. It became involved in
2160:
1804:
1593:
166:
114:
1819:
1671:
1588:
1258:
1024:
969:
1292:
2305:
2300:
1929:
1029:
582:
armed rebels reached the town by horse and foot around midnight. They looted local stores and offices owned by
177:
on September 23, 1868. Having been planned, organized, and launched in the mountainous western municipality of
2315:
2145:
1603:
1019:
979:
896:
635:
2039:
1834:
1583:
1497:
1141:
1899:
1894:
1736:
816:
2290:
2195:
1701:
1691:
903:
598:
591:
523:
2295:
2074:
1711:
919:
519:
The stronghold of the movement were towns located in the mountains, on the western part of the island.
416:
256:
2119:
1686:
1681:
1651:
1386:
974:
912:
823:
742:
689:
555:
375:
308:
1784:
1756:
928:
535:
2114:
1949:
1779:
1706:
1328:
936:
670:
1889:
1731:
294:
2019:
1814:
1193:
832:
643:
275:
2215:
2024:
2014:
1696:
1490:
314:
290:
2165:
1869:
1849:
1110:
1004:
758:
2099:
2009:
1999:
1984:
1624:
2104:
2094:
2004:
1859:
713:
435:
2175:
2054:
1979:
1435:
1315:
989:
766:
746:
639:
302:
2059:
1864:
1829:
1741:
1482:
880:
848:
1944:
1629:
1573:
754:
682:
431:
2069:
864:
8:
2236:
2129:
1939:
1874:
1854:
1726:
839:
794:
762:
750:
379:
271:
218:
206:
199:
1721:
697:
638:. The Puerto Rican militia surprised them with strong resistance, by moving troops from
2155:
2109:
2064:
1959:
1909:
1789:
1403:
984:
961:
647:
539:
527:
234:
191:
186:
178:
75:
1954:
1666:
577:
Roman Catholic Church of Lares and Monument to the Grito at the Plaza de la Revolución
526:
held a meeting at his house in which the insurrection was planned and set to begin in
2049:
1844:
1794:
1537:
1371:
1232:
634:
The next day, on September 24, the rebel forces departed to take over the next town,
426:
Eduvigis Beauchamp Sterling, named Treasurer of the revolution by Betances, provided
2089:
1799:
1174:; Vol. 63, Num 1; January 2002; "El Mito Americano"; p. 1; by Alberto Medina Carrero
162:
2221:
Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
1656:
1532:
855:
678:
427:
367:
326:
2034:
1751:
1676:
1142:"Junta Informativa de Reformas « Puerto Rico: su transformación en el tiempo"
420:
360:
was synonymous with a "cry for independence" and that cry was made in Brazil with
2200:
2190:
1974:
1964:
1884:
1661:
1410:
1352:
1278:
1014:
1009:
871:
731:
497:
443:
408:) written in exile in Saint Thomas in November 1867. It is directly based on the
250:
1388:
El Pueblo de Lares Antes de la Rebelion de 1868. Las Conspiraciones y Sus Causas
661:
2170:
1969:
1839:
1514:
1271:
999:
442:
Secret cells of the Revolutionary Committee were established in Puerto Rico by
108:
1462:"Independentistas de Puerto Rico dedican el Grito de Lares al reo Oscar López"
1085:"Muestran antigua bandera del Grito de Lares que se exhibe en museo de España"
734:(seated L-R) Juan de Mata Terreforte, Dr. Jose Julio Henna and Roberto H. Todd
2274:
2084:
2044:
1989:
1761:
1342:
562:, where the ship was anchored, boarded the vessel and confiscated its cargo.
2079:
2029:
1994:
1879:
538:, overheard two cell members commenting that on September 29 the troops at
784:
Tomb of Ramón E. Betances in Cabo Rojo, with the Lares flag in front, 2007
1919:
1904:
1824:
1215:
371:
289:
To the frustration of the Puerto Rican delegates, including their leader
170:
1220:(in Spanish). Establecimiento Tipográfico de Narciso Ramírez y Compañía.
774:
724:
457:
342:
1557:
281:
2258:
1213:
780:
392:) on January 6, 1868, from their exile in the Dominican Republic.
1552:
1542:
573:
1547:
246:
568:
1512:
465:
The Revolutionary Committee named twelve of their members as
226:
354:
was a planned uprising that occurred on September 23, 1868.
730:(standing L-R) Manuel Besosa, Aurelio Méndez Martínez, and
531:
important papers in regard to the meeting to Manuel Rojas.
230:
222:
1425:, Fundación La Voz del Centro, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2005
1214:
Pérez Morís, José; Cueto y González Quijano, Luis (1872).
249:
and report to the Minister of State (Ministro de Estado),
51:
Original Revolutionary Flag of the Grito de Lares, c. 1868
39:
Original Revolutionary Flag of the Grito de Lares, c. 1868
1421:
Moscoso, Francisco, as quoted by Collado Schwarz, Ángel,
1233:"Proclama de los Diez Mandamientos de los Hombres Libres"
554:
On another front, the Dominican government had supported
807:
People directly or indirectly involved with the revolt
1364:
Historia militar de Puerto Rico, Colección Encuentros
951:
1428:
995:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
410:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1609:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
1404:Madrinas to us all: Significant Latinas in history
1257:, p. 103. The original manuscript is owned by the
1370:; publisher: Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario.
1230:
629:
2272:
285:Ramón Emeterio Betances, co-leader of the revolt
266:can be seen on an overpass as one enters Lares.
16:1868 revolt against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico
1200:. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades.
1172:Revista del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico
1059:"Exhiben en UPR bandera de Lares con 150 años"
1498:
777:, was unveiled and adopted by the committee.
387:
361:
355:
261:
1235:(in Spanish). Biblioteca Digital Ciudad Seva
1111:"ADNPR Localiza Banderas del Grito de Lares"
482:Juan de Mata Terreforte, General of Division
705:immediately went to the Cuba Revolutionary
625:, Commander in Chief of the Liberation Army
569:Proclamation of the Republic of Puerto Rico
476:, Commander-in-Chief of the Liberation Army
402:Los Diez Mandamientos de los hombres libres
1505:
1491:
1231:Emeterio Betances, Ramón (November 1867).
1103:
350:The Lares uprising, commonly known as the
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1077:
610:Celedonio Abril, Minister of the Treasury
243:Junta Informativa de Reformas de Ultramar
1599:Hostosian National Independence Movement
1454:
1335:
1051:
779:
723:
660:
604:Aurelio Méndez, Minister of the Interior
572:
456:
341:
325:Frustrated by the lack of political and
280:
255:
1579:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
1264:
1115:Archivo Digital Nacional de Puerto Rico
1035:List of Puerto Rican military personnel
619:Bernabé Pol, Secretary to the President
2273:
2242:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
2186:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1636:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
1177:
1167:
1165:
1136:
1134:
1132:
773:the current design, modeled after the
712:Mariana Bracetti moved to the town of
534:Juan Castañón, a captain stationed in
384:Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico
274:was elected to the Junta representing
175:Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico
2211:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
1486:
1290:
656:
506:Francisco Arroyo, General of Division
494:Dorvid Beauchamp, General of Division
488:Nicolás Rocafort, General of Division
485:Joaquín Parrilla, General of Division
374:. In Puerto Rico, a group led by Dr.
1519:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
1217:Historia de la Insurrección de Lares
1209:
1207:
1155:
1153:
1151:
728:Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee
616:Clemente Millán, Minister of Justice
389:Comité Revolucionario de Puerto Rico
229:and had to address slave revolts in
1347:. Retrieved on September 26, 2007.
1162:
1129:
212:
161:, was the first of two short-lived
13:
1466:San Diego Union-Tribune en Español
1040:List of revolutions and rebellions
613:Federico Valencia, Minister of War
551:cell in Camuy were soon arrested.
503:Rafael Arroyo, General of Division
491:Gabino Plumey, General of Division
14:
2327:
1366:by Negroni, Hector Andres (1992)
1284:
1204:
1148:
607:Manuel Ramírez, Minister of State
560:Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
423:, Puerto Rico's national anthem.
337:
2286:Political history of Puerto Rico
1513:
1065:(in Spanish). September 16, 2018
954:
927:
911:
895:
879:
863:
847:
831:
815:
800:
669:Some 475 rebels, among them Dr.
454:(Spaniards born on the island).
406:The Ten Commandments of Free Men
122:
115:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
102:
44:
32:
2311:1868 in the Spanish West Indies
1589:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1468:(in Spanish). 23 September 2013
1415:
1397:
1380:
1357:
1272:Betances, El Grito y St. Thomas
1259:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1247:
1025:Puerto Rican Independence Party
970:Military history of Puerto Rico
479:Andrés Pol, General of Division
315:Nadie puede dar lo que no tiene
2125:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1757:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1594:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1224:
1030:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
673:(leader of the Arecibo cell),
630:Confrontation at San Sebastián
512:Abdón Pagán, Artillery General
1:
2146:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
2060:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1820:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1672:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
1045:
980:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
788:
509:Pablo Rivera, Cavalry General
183:Grito de Lares (Cry of Lares)
181:, the revolt is known as the
2281:Declarations of independence
2206:Truman assassination attempt
1584:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
1341:The Women from Puerto Rico.
1091:(in Spanish). April 22, 2022
719:
332:
196:(The Attempted Coup of Yauco
129:Puerto Rican revolutionaries
7:
2196:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1805:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
1198:Encyclopedia of Puerto Rico
1117:(in Spanish). March 8, 2022
947:
432:Revolutionary Flag of Lares
430:with the materials for the
205:is recognized as the first
145:), also referred to as the
10:
2332:
1574:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1261:, which bought it in 1985.
716:, where she died in 1903.
395:Betances authored several
346:Manuel Rojas house in 1965
2250:
2229:
2138:
1928:
1900:María de Lourdes Santiago
1895:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1770:
1737:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1644:
1617:
1566:
1525:
94:
58:
28:
23:
1732:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1702:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1692:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
1436:"El Grito de Lares 1868"
904:Francisco Ramírez Medina
665:General Juan Ríus Rivera
636:San Sebastián del Pepino
599:Francisco Ramírez Medina
592:Francisco Ramírez Medina
524:Francisco Ramírez Medina
295:Emilio Castelar y Ripoll
2216:Cerro Maravilla murders
2161:Levantamiento de Ciales
2120:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
2040:Tomás López de Victoria
2025:Andres Figueroa Cordero
2015:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1835:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1697:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1687:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1682:Eugenio María de Hostos
1652:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1567:Political organizations
975:Ramón Emeterio Betances
824:Ramón Emeterio Betances
690:Eugenio María de Hostos
556:Ramón Emeterio Betances
469:(generals). They were:
446:, Mariana Bracetti and
376:Ramón Emeterio Betances
309:Ramón Emeterio Betances
2115:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
2010:Isabel Freire de Matos
2000:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1950:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1780:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1707:José Gualberto Padilla
1645:19th century activists
1625:Cadets of the Republic
1618:Militant organizations
1323:Cite journal requires
1255:El Desterrado de París
937:José Gualberto Padilla
785:
735:
688:Meanwhile, in Madrid,
671:José Gualberto Padilla
666:
578:
462:
388:
362:
356:
347:
286:
267:
262:
2306:September 1868 events
2301:September observances
2075:Helen Rodríguez Trías
2055:Francisco Matos Paoli
2020:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1980:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1915:Carlos Alberto Torres
1815:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1771:20th and 21st century
1712:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1526:Indigenous resistance
1351:July 8, 2008, at the
1302:(3). Nuestra Herencia
1194:"Grito de Lares 1868"
990:Puerto Rican Campaign
920:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
783:
727:
664:
576:
500:, General of Division
460:
417:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
415:That same year, poet
345:
284:
260:The city's nickname,
259:
2316:1860s in Puerto Rico
2166:Río Piedras massacre
1870:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1850:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1785:Félix Benítez Rexach
1630:Boricua Popular Army
1270:Moscoso, Francisco,
1253:Ojeda Reyes, Félix,
1005:Río Piedras massacre
461:General Manuel Rojas
363:el Grito de Ipiranga
2237:Grito de Lares flag
2130:Olga Viscal Garriga
2105:Clemente Soto Vélez
2095:Vidal Santiago Díaz
2005:José Ferrer Canales
1940:Pedro Albizu Campos
1890:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1875:Antonio S. Pedreira
1860:Luis Lloréns Torres
1855:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1727:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
1423:Voces de la Cultura
1293:"Beauchamp history"
840:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
795:Lares barrio-pueblo
681:were imprisoned in
436:Luis Lloréns Torres
380:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
368:El Grito de Dolores
272:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
207:flag of Puerto Rico
2291:Lares, Puerto Rico
2156:Intentona de Yauco
2110:Griselio Torresola
2065:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1960:Casimiro Berenguer
1910:Alejandrina Torres
1865:Oscar López Rivera
1830:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1747:Fernando Fernandez
1742:Manuel Zeno Gandía
1409:2009-03-02 at the
1291:Rodríguez, Kathy.
1277:2016-03-03 at the
985:Intentona de Yauco
962:Puerto Rico portal
786:
736:
667:
657:Trials and amnesty
579:
549:Lanzador del Norte
463:
348:
291:José Julián Acosta
287:
268:
235:Dominican Republic
192:Intentona de Yauco
76:Lares, Puerto Rico
66:September 23, 1868
2296:Conflicts in 1868
2268:
2267:
2180:Ley de la Mordaza
2070:Germán Rieckehoff
1985:José Coll y Cuchí
1932:Nationalist Party
1845:Leopoldo Figueroa
1795:Americo Boschetti
797:every September.
522:On September 20,
370:and in Cuba with
366:, in Mexico with
305:, in early 1865.
134:
133:
90:
89:
2323:
1722:Juan Ríus Rivera
1657:Mariana Bracetti
1517:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1419:
1413:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1378:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1344:Mariana Bracetti
1339:
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1995:Rosa Collazo
1930:Puerto Rican
1880:Pedro Pietri
1717:Manuel Rojas
1632:(Macheteros)
1538:Agüeybaná II
1470:. Retrieved
1465:
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1444:. Retrieved
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1393:(in Spanish)
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1368:(in Spanish)
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1237:. Retrieved
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1121:November 26,
1119:. Retrieved
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1095:November 23,
1093:. Retrieved
1089:El Nuevo Día
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1067:. Retrieved
1063:Primera Hora
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888:Manuel Rojas
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95:Belligerents
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1920:Iris Zavala
1905:Piri Thomas
1825:Juan Dalmau
1533:Agüeybaná I
1306:January 21,
1239:January 21,
702:Capá Prieto
601:, President
171:Puerto Rico
2275:Categories
1472:26 January
1446:26 January
1046:References
789:Celebrated
775:Cuban flag
743:Las Marías
397:Proclamas,
1810:Roy Brown
1773:activists
720:Aftermath
467:generales
333:Rebellion
157:, or the
2259:Claridad
1407:Archived
1349:Archived
1275:Archived
1069:March 7,
948:See also
767:Toa Baja
747:Adjuntas
644:Mayagüez
640:San Juan
452:criollos
303:Carolina
276:Mayagüez
165:against
71:Location
2230:Symbols
2176:Gag Law
1558:Urayoán
1553:Jumacao
1543:Arasibo
759:Bayamón
755:Vieques
683:Arecibo
198:). The
163:revolts
2139:Events
1548:Hayuya
1374:
763:Ciales
751:Utuado
714:Añasco
247:Madrid
153:, the
149:, the
83:Result
2251:Media
1296:(PDF)
707:Junta
648:Ponce
540:Camuy
528:Camuy
357:Grito
227:Chile
221:with
219:a war
187:Yauco
179:Lares
1474:2023
1448:2023
1372:ISBN
1329:help
1308:2014
1241:2014
1123:2023
1097:2023
1071:2023
935:Dr.
765:and
677:and
378:and
231:Cuba
225:and
223:Peru
203:flag
63:Date
169:in
2277::
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1438:.
1320::
1318:}}
1314:{{
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141:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
