532:
482:
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171:(mother city), although in many cases it collaborated with other cities. The place to be colonised was selected in advance with the goal of offering business advantages, but also security from raiders. In order to create a feeling of security and confidence in the new colony, the choice of place was decided according to its usefulness. The mission always included a leader nominated by the colonists. In the new cities, the colonists parceled out the land, including farms. The system of governance usually took a form similar to that of the metropolis.
31:
512:
493:
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1818:
152:
122:
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2008:
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274:
174:
Greek colonies were often established along coastlines, especially during the period of colonisation between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. Many Greek colonies were strategically positioned near coastlines to facilitate trade, communication, and access to maritime resources. These colonies played a
4637:
Hind, J., “Megarian
Colonization in the Western Half of the Black Sea: Sister‑ and Daughter‑Cities of Herakleia”, in Tsetskhladze, G.R. (ed.), The Greek Colonization of the Black Sea Area. Historical Interpretation of Archaeology, (Historia Einzelschriften 121) (Stuttgart 1998), pp.
4665:
Hind, J., “Megarian
Colonization in the Western Half of the Black Sea: Sister‑ and Daughter‑Cities of Herakleia”, in Tsetskhladze, G.R. (ed.), The Greek Colonization of the Black Sea Area. Historical Interpretation of Archaeology (Historia Einzelschriften 121, Stuttgart 1998), pp.
5292:
Settlements and
Necropoleis of the Black Sea and Its Hinterland in Antiquity: Select Papers from the Third International Conference 'The Black Sea in Antiquity and Tekkeköy: An Ancient Settlement on the Southern Black Sea Coast', 27-29 October 2017, Tekkeköy,
1567:
Although the Greeks had at one point called the Black Sea shore "inhospitable", according to ancient sources they eventually created 70 to 90 colonies. The colonization of the Black Sea was led by the
Megarans and some of the Ionian cities such as
1986:. The Phokaians arrived next on the coast of the Iberian peninsula. As related by Herodotus, a local king summoned the Phokaians to found a colony in the region and rendered meaningful aid in the fortification of the city. The Phokaians founded
1412:. The Corinthians founded important overseas colonies on the sea lanes to Southern Italy and the west which succeeded in making them the foremost emporia of the western side of the Mediterranean. Important colonies of Corinth included
4527:"Reviewed work: Grčki utjecaj na istočnoj obali Jadrana/ Greek Influence along the East Adriatic Coast. Proceedings of the International Conference Held in Split from September 24th to 26th 1998, N. Cambi, S. Čače, B. Kirigin"
5198:
The
Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister, Stillwell, Richard, MacDonald, William L., McAlister, Marian Holland, Ed., Nikonion
4679:
1646:
which according to prevailing opinion was founded by
Miletus some time around the middle of the 7th century BC. Sinope was founded with a series of other colonies in the Pontic region:
4724:
5010:
4874:
1529:. Evidence of coinage on the Illyrian coast used for trade between the Illyrians and the Greeks can be dated to around the 4th century BC and minted in Adriatic colonies such as
5098:
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4896:
4808:
4885:
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143:
of the motherland, and that the land of these Greek city states could not support a large city. The areas that the Greeks would try to colonise were hospitable and fertile.
5175:
5076:
5032:
1922:
Similar to the emporion established in the Nile Delta it is possible there was a Greek trading colony established by the
Euboians along the Syrian coast on the mouth of the
4295:
STEFANIA DE VIDO 'Capitani coraggiosi'. Gli Eubei nel
Mediterraneo C. Bearzot, F. Landucci, in Tra il mare e il continente: l'isola d'Eubea (2013) ISBN 978-88-343-2634-3
236:
but colonial foundation continued by other Greeks such as the
Ionians and Corinthians. The Ionians started their first colonies around the 7th century in Southern Italy,
531:
183:
regions. While some colonies were established inland for various reasons, coastal locations were generally more common due to the Greeks' strong connection to the sea.
307:
Chalcidice was settled by
Euboeans, chiefly from Chalcis, who lent their name to these colonies. The most important settlements of the Euboeans in Chalcidice were
2342:
4995:
4683:
5789:
1525:
which talks about the founding of another Greek settlement there in the 3rd or 4th century BC, by colonists from Issa. The artifact is known as
8698:
3722:
were originally Greeks who settle away from the coastal emporia among the Budini and their language evolved into half Greek and half Scythian.
4935:
3069:
3806:
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1915:
at Egypt, suggested that Greeks, who were already allowed to trade in the city, "had started to take root" there as early as during the
7389:
2295:
1941:
3677:
3081:
3077:
4513:
4001:
3697:
3129:
4852:
1455:, in present-day Albania. The fact that about the 6th century BC the citizens of Epidamnus constructed a Doric-style treasury at
4647:
Ewa Stanecka, Callatis as a Seaport, Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation, 10.12797/SAAC.17.2013.17.28, 17, (325-333), (2013)
5131:
4778:
4391:"Book Review of Meetings of Cultures: Between Conflict and Coexistence, edited by Pia Guldager Bilde and Jane Hjarl Petersen"
4280:
4253:
3895:
5186:
5054:
695:
and Ionians; the Athenians had notably refused to take part in the colonisation. The strongest of the Sicilian colonies was
84:
rather than the simplistic movement of tribes, which characterised the aforementioned earlier migrations. Many colonies, or
6777:
5109:
4012:
5237:
5782:
5197:
4819:
2029:
1970:. Massalia became the base for a series of further foundations farther away in the region of Spain. Phokaia also founded
5021:
1724:
peninsula (the Greeks then called it Tauric Chersonese or "Peninsula of the Bulls") they founded likewise the cities of
8691:
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6782:
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5736:
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5656:
5637:
5618:
5599:
5580:
5561:
5540:
5521:
5502:
5481:
5462:
5443:
5424:
5403:
5384:
5365:
5346:
5327:
5280:
5261:
5164:
3738:
1550:
17:
6787:
6762:
5222:
5120:
4989:
4486:
4152:
4101:
2055:
375:
founded the city of Ennea Hodoi (Ἐννέα ὁδοὶ), meaning nine roads, at the current location of the "Hill 133" north of
3849:
2037:
1934:
on the promontory Ras al-Bassit was colonised just to the south of the Orontes estuary later in the 7th century BC.
8596:
7345:
6772:
6767:
521:
4959:
7239:
7099:
7094:
6371:
4766:
1693:
The most important colony founded on the southern shore of the Black Sea was a Megaran and Boeotian foundation:
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2033:
497:
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8175:
7668:
7184:
7104:
6802:
6512:
4438:
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4323:
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3165:
2122:
writes that some say that the city of Bizone belongs to the barbarians, while others to be a Greek colony of
1916:
8591:
7120:
6574:
539:
1486:
in 385 BC founded the colony Pharos on the island of Hvar in the Adriatic, on the site of the present-day
8887:
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7130:
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6746:
6701:
6477:
6166:
1906:
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3161:
8790:
8307:
8180:
7313:
7308:
7284:
7194:
6711:
5809:
3794:
1542:
4725:"Sunken ancient temples were found in a mysterious underwater city, with Egyptian and Greek treasures"
664:
BC. At an unknown date between the 8th and 6th centuries BC the Athenians, of Ionian lineage, founded
8665:
8608:
7564:
7367:
7352:
7274:
7209:
6529:
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5898:
5832:
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wrote that they might be Greeks among the Slavs and Fins (Μιξέλληνες - half Greeks half barbarians).
3157:
399:
63:
7176:
7156:
6354:
6012:
5758:
Ancient Greek Colonization and Trade and their Influence on Greek Art-The Metropolitan Museum of Art
5273:
Greek Colonization in Local Context: Case Studies Exploring the Dynamics among Locals and Colonizers
1863:, which evolved into a very powerful city in the region. Other colonies in Kyrenaika later included
7362:
7325:
7259:
6925:
6812:
3723:
2018:
1957:
360:
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7769:
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7554:
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7340:
7320:
7289:
7189:
7125:
6741:
6726:
6696:
6657:
6534:
6386:
5888:
4783:
2749:
2022:
1491:
481:
8866:
8800:
8603:
7606:
7377:
7335:
7269:
7234:
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6670:
6366:
6307:
6156:
6151:
4187:
3517:
3095:
3015:
2951:
2781:
2387:
1628:
824:
454:
3811:
777:
Evidence of frequent contact between the Greek settlers and the indigenous peoples comes from
386:
Numerous other colonies were founded in the region of Thrace by the Ionians from the coast of
8711:
8655:
7884:
7874:
7864:
7849:
7539:
7279:
7249:
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6830:
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6490:
6146:
6017:
5981:
5210:
4706:
4472:
4243:
3445:
2915:
2801:
2785:
2769:
2757:
2629:
834:
535:
372:
192:
48:
8775:
8127:
8121:
8107:
7591:
7549:
7521:
7406:
7219:
6449:
6245:
4447:
4377:
2985:
2903:
2887:
2809:
2503:
1880:
1864:
1499:
562:
5651:. Studies of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol 10. Brill Academic Pub.
613:
The first great migratory wave directed towards the western Mediterranean was that of the
8:
8861:
8258:
8228:
7616:
7511:
7506:
6943:
6258:
6171:
6141:
6095:
5858:
5436:
Greek Colonisation: An Account Of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas: Volume 1
5416:
Greek Colonisation: An Account Of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas: Volume 2
3381:
3377:
3313:
3273:
2499:
2459:
2427:
2224:
2085:
2077:
1868:
1799:
1663:
1593:
1487:
1464:
1460:
1448:
858:
778:
755:
450:
403:
5752:
5254:
Colonization and Subalternity in Classical Greece: Experience of the Nonelite Population
3297:
3023:
2907:
1901:
gave a trade concession to Milesian merchants for one establishment on the banks of the
1809:
of the 4th-3rd centuries BC near the town of Baherove in Crimea was discovered in 2018.
8785:
8475:
8372:
8278:
7922:
7839:
7229:
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6569:
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6277:
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5304:
5065:
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2989:
2973:
2966:
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1729:
1526:
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320:
175:
crucial role in expanding Greek culture, trade networks, and influence throughout the
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6313:
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6181:
6176:
5827:
5732:
5711:
5690:
5671:
5652:
5633:
5614:
5595:
5576:
5557:
5536:
5517:
5498:
5477:
5458:
5439:
5420:
5399:
5380:
5361:
5342:
5323:
5308:
5276:
5257:
5218:
4747:
4586:
4482:
4412:
4276:
4249:
3961:
3891:
3875:
3816:
3641:
3613:
3513:
3477:
3473:
3353:
2637:
2463:
2455:
2391:
2331:
1840:
1826:
1760:
1463:. An ancient account describes Epidamnos as 'a great power and very populated' city.
492:
368:
340:
52:
5757:
5455:
Pharos. The Parian Settlement in Dalmatia: A study of a Greek colony in the Adriatic
3887:
1991:
30:
8480:
8012:
7977:
7794:
7651:
7529:
7416:
7411:
6736:
6691:
6522:
6429:
6045:
5878:
5863:
5853:
5296:
5275:. University of Cambridge Museum of Classical Archaeology Monographs. Oxbow Books.
4788:
4779:"Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Meschela"
4680:"Russian archaeologists said they discovered an ancient Greek settlement in Crimea"
4576:
4538:
4459:
4402:
4228:
4216:
4126:
4120:
4031:
3953:
3883:
3565:
3553:
3453:
3293:
3201:
2805:
2733:
2653:
2182:
2142:
1944:(Μεσχέλα), a city on the northern coast of Africa, founded by the Greeks after the
1937:
1694:
1555:
1440:
846:
838:
696:
584:
511:
501:
8676:
5396:
Colonial Encounters in Ancient Iberia: Phoenician, Greek, and Indigenous Relations
5142:
3941:
1905:, founding a trading post which evolved into a prosperous city by the time of the
1794:
Only a few colonies were founded during the Greek Classical period which included
1677:
the Greeks colonised the islet, probably then a peninsula, of Barythmenis (modern
197:
The Greeks started colonising around the beginning of the 8th century BC when the
8840:
8495:
8253:
8041:
7854:
7596:
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7394:
6721:
6319:
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6295:
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5931:
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5726:
5705:
5551:
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5414:
5317:
4999:
4909:
4841:
4476:
4444:
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4270:
4025:
3957:
3673:
3645:
3521:
3409:
3389:
3301:
2944:
2773:
2681:
2495:
2134:
1997:
1456:
634:
525:
407:
332:
293:
232:
At the end of the 8th century, Euboea fell into decline with the outbreak of the
222:
80:
67:
8520:
8233:
4407:
4390:
1392:
796:
in the south of Sicily; or the Zancleans, who led the founding of the colony of
8377:
8317:
8312:
8268:
8049:
7997:
7987:
7967:
7957:
7701:
7696:
7691:
6544:
6343:
6337:
6325:
6125:
6100:
5873:
5798:
5011:
Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Myrlēa
4478:
Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas
4211:
4166:
3770:
3730:
3661:
3625:
3589:
3225:
2923:
2919:
2745:
2697:
2693:
2657:
2475:
2419:
2208:
2119:
1678:
862:
850:
715:
676:
629:
nearby, their first colony on the mainland, and then in the Strait of Messina,
580:
395:
364:
312:
278:
226:
140:
44:
8740:
5132:
Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Samos
4809:
Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Golgi
8881:
8770:
8613:
8530:
8505:
8195:
8117:
7799:
7742:
7641:
7631:
7601:
7583:
7457:
6609:
6391:
6283:
6239:
6201:
6040:
5961:
5290:
Tsetskhladze, Gocha R.; Atasoy, Sümer; Temür, Akın; Yiğitpaşa, Davut (2019).
4590:
4416:
3965:
3573:
3569:
3469:
3437:
3413:
3341:
3269:
3233:
3183:
3145:
2891:
2849:
2741:
2515:
2511:
2365:
2319:
1923:
1887:
1860:
1817:
1768:
1643:
1546:
820:
572:
516:
486:
466:
249:
233:
176:
165:
The founding of the colonies was consistently an organised enterprise by the
161:, the myth thought to pertain to the bold nautical expeditions of this period
151:
91:
8760:
5514:
The Archaeology of Greek Colonisation: Essays Dedicated to Sir John Boardman
8430:
8382:
8248:
8102:
7972:
7611:
7447:
6953:
6915:
6614:
5491:
Cerchiai, Luca; Janelli, Lorena; Longo, Fausto; Edward Smith, Mark (2004).
3786:
3750:
3581:
3253:
3057:
2895:
2845:
2323:
2216:
2186:
1844:
1705:
1701:
1674:
1530:
1495:
576:
3027:
3011:
8845:
8450:
8342:
8322:
8150:
7658:
7636:
7626:
7621:
7544:
7501:
7048:
6958:
6948:
6835:
6825:
6589:
5966:
5941:
4346:
3766:
3585:
3577:
2789:
2701:
2451:
2439:
1737:
1682:
1615:
On the western shore of the Black Sea the Megarans founded the cities of
1597:
767:
551:
443:
336:
157:
8830:
8155:
5300:
4924:
4717:
4268:
3365:
3325:
3149:
1700:
On the north shore of the Black Sea Miletus was the first to start with
415:
121:
8755:
8725:
8387:
8357:
8352:
8337:
8223:
8190:
7859:
7829:
7496:
7224:
7058:
6900:
6895:
6885:
6870:
6855:
6845:
6820:
6196:
5951:
5906:
5573:
Greek Pottery from the Iberian Peninsula: Archaic and Classical Periods
5121:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, NAGIDOS (Bozyazi) Turkey
4581:
4564:
4550:
3782:
3778:
3557:
3493:
3441:
3265:
3125:
3121:
3065:
3053:
2977:
2930:
2817:
2813:
2613:
2507:
2443:
2369:
1945:
1912:
1902:
1798:(modern Nessebar) by the Megareans in 493 BC. Heraclea Pontica founded
1745:
1733:
1725:
1401:
805:
782:
665:
649:
645:
618:
596:
476:
427:
411:
387:
376:
297:
210:
202:
167:
105:), that were founded during this period eventually evolved into strong
4962:. The Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation UK (FSTC UK)
3605:
2228:
2212:
1518:
1507:
841:
civilisations. One of the most important cultural transplants was the
8362:
8288:
8273:
8243:
8238:
8170:
8094:
8079:
8064:
8007:
7907:
7559:
7491:
7063:
7043:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6968:
6963:
6933:
6880:
6840:
6619:
6485:
6439:
6419:
6050:
5921:
5358:
The Black Sea, Greece, Anatolia and Europe in the First Millennium BC
3824:
3820:
3774:
3715:
3693:
3665:
3629:
3621:
3485:
3321:
3309:
3305:
3277:
3153:
3106:
2962:
2869:
2705:
2689:
2661:
2543:
2539:
2487:
2291:
2273:
2232:
2123:
2097:
2081:
1963:
1931:
1898:
1891:
1876:
1856:
1795:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1581:
1560:
1452:
1421:
854:
813:
719:
669:
472:
419:
241:
180:
85:
71:
56:
34:
Greek territories and colonies during the Archaic period (750–550 BC)
4542:
4526:
2315:
2299:
2007:
1919:
and that likely Greek mercenaries were employed to defend the city.
1490:
in Croatia. In the early 4th century BC the Greek tyrant of Syracus
8835:
8412:
8402:
8392:
8367:
8145:
8112:
8074:
8017:
7932:
7917:
7774:
7764:
7681:
7676:
7073:
7068:
7028:
7023:
6998:
6978:
6905:
6860:
6850:
6706:
6604:
6539:
6467:
6075:
5762:
5689:. Hellenistic Culture and Society. University of California Press.
4620:
3762:
3758:
3742:
3681:
3657:
3609:
3593:
3561:
3497:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3421:
3401:
3345:
3249:
3245:
3098:(North Macedonia) while others believe that it was near the modern
3073:
3031:
2954:(North Macedonia) while others believe that it was near the modern
2829:
2825:
2797:
2721:
2665:
2601:
2555:
2547:
2535:
2483:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2383:
2357:
2335:
2240:
2178:
2166:
2112:
1987:
1983:
1872:
1822:
1783:
1764:
1514:
1429:
793:
771:
751:
684:
680:
600:
588:
566:
391:
356:
348:
308:
206:
198:
73:
8165:
5687:
The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor
4853:
Géographie historique et administrative de la Gaule romaine, p.734
3241:
3133:
2089:
8820:
8815:
8805:
8765:
8708:
8555:
8545:
8490:
8485:
8470:
8460:
8445:
8440:
8327:
8215:
8205:
8084:
8059:
8054:
8027:
8022:
8002:
7992:
7982:
7947:
7937:
7927:
7879:
7869:
7844:
7809:
7804:
7779:
7432:
7214:
6875:
6865:
6624:
6594:
6584:
6579:
6559:
6554:
6434:
6381:
6090:
6080:
6070:
6065:
6055:
5767:
5217:. Colloquia Pontica. Vol. 6. Leiden: Brill. pp. 67–90.
4972:
Article references a book and an exhibition: Gerald Butt (1995),
4471:
Cabanes, Pierre (2008). "Greek Colonisation in the Adriatic". In
3802:
3798:
3708:
3701:
3689:
3685:
3669:
3617:
3601:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3505:
3425:
3393:
3373:
3369:
3329:
3257:
3237:
3209:
3197:
3137:
3004:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2841:
2821:
2793:
2777:
2761:
2753:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2685:
2669:
2649:
2645:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2597:
2563:
2531:
2523:
2471:
2447:
2431:
2361:
2311:
2258:
2193:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2093:
2070:
1975:
1927:
1895:
1831:
1806:
1776:
1756:
1717:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1605:
1573:
1569:
1522:
1468:
1444:
1433:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
842:
801:
792:
for new colonies such as the Syracusans, who founded the city of
759:
739:
723:
707:
692:
688:
657:
653:
423:
352:
328:
324:
218:
8500:
7814:
5533:
Greek Settlements in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea
5516:. Oxford University School of Archaeology; 2nd Revised edition.
5490:
5289:
5238:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Tarpanchi, Crimea
4960:"Gaza at the Crossroad of Civilisations: Two Contemporary Views"
2765:
710:
which evolved into one of the most powerful cities in the area.
610:
Greeks began to settle in southern Italy in the 8th century BC.
8825:
8810:
8525:
8455:
8435:
8397:
8263:
8069:
7962:
7899:
7889:
7834:
7452:
7437:
7033:
7018:
6993:
6988:
6973:
6634:
6629:
6396:
6376:
6120:
6110:
6105:
5976:
5936:
5926:
5911:
4430:
4360:
3746:
3719:
3653:
3649:
3637:
3633:
3597:
3541:
3533:
3509:
3501:
3481:
3449:
3433:
3429:
3397:
3349:
3317:
3285:
3281:
3261:
3229:
3221:
3190:
3099:
3088:
3045:
3038:
3019:
2955:
2911:
2853:
2837:
2709:
2673:
2621:
2605:
2585:
2559:
2527:
2519:
2479:
2467:
2423:
2376:
2349:
2307:
2280:
2254:
2247:
2236:
2204:
2200:
2101:
1971:
1741:
1721:
1713:
1503:
1472:
1425:
797:
763:
747:
743:
731:
711:
703:
641:
630:
622:
614:
604:
592:
439:
435:
380:
344:
316:
301:
286:
282:
253:
237:
136:
5590:
Boardman, John; Solovyov, Sergei; Tsetskhladze, Gocha (2001).
4976:, and "Gaza at the Crossroads of Civilizations" (2007) at the
4087:
4063:
3823:
and their metropolitan cities depicted with red labels, while
1998:
List of Greek colonies before Alexander the Great (pre-336 BC)
1962:
On the north side of the Mediterranean, the Phokaians founded
1786:
on the southern coast of Romania at the end of the 6th c. BC.
1587:
1580:. The majority of colonies in the region of the Black Sea and
27:
Archaic Greek expansion across the Mediterranean and Black Sea
8535:
8510:
8407:
8347:
8332:
8200:
8160:
7912:
7824:
7819:
7789:
7784:
7759:
7442:
6983:
6938:
6890:
6462:
6414:
6115:
6085:
6032:
6007:
5946:
5916:
5649:
The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest
5319:
Theater outside Athens: Drama in Greek Sicily and South Italy
3978:
3790:
3734:
3417:
3385:
3361:
3217:
3213:
3176:
3169:
3141:
3114:
3061:
3049:
2937:
2899:
2880:
2833:
2737:
2677:
2641:
2593:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2551:
2403:
2353:
2266:
2158:
1979:
1709:
1592:
In the area of Propontis, the Megarans founded the cities of
1483:
829:
827:, its religious rites, and its traditions of the independent
727:
626:
546:
505:
431:
257:
245:
214:
106:
5763:
Topostext: Education / Reference Tool for Greek Civilization
5589:
1642:
In the south of the Black Sea the most important colony was
8540:
8515:
8465:
7952:
7942:
4875:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Tauromenium
4201:
4144:
4138:
4093:
4072:
4069:
4049:
3549:
3489:
3405:
3357:
3337:
3333:
3289:
3205:
2713:
2435:
2303:
2287:
2220:
1967:
1886:
By the middle of the 7th century, the lone Greek colony in
1749:
1667:
1659:
1577:
865:, which became the most widely used alphabet in the world.
809:
735:
460:
5339:
A Small Greek World: Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean
4141:
4090:
1755:
On the eastern shore, which was known in ancient times as
679:, which became the base for the founding of the cities of
5592:
Northern Pontic Antiquities in the State Hermitage Museum
5099:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Hamaxitus
5044:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Lamponeia
5022:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Teichiussa
4897:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Hydruntum
4132:
4081:
4057:
4043:
4040:
273:
5215:
North Pontic Archaeology: Recent Discoveries and Studies
4886:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Leontini
4864:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Palaerus
4831:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Tauroeis
1387:
5088:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Termera
5055:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Hydrela
4947:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Helorum
5474:
A History of the Archaic Greek World: ca. 1200-479 BCE
5176:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Geloni
5077:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Carusa
5033:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Paesus
4495:
3094:* Some historians believe that it was near the modern
2950:* Some historians believe that it was near the modern
1604:
which occupied a privileged position. Miletus founded
485:
Ancient Greek colonies and their dialect groupings in
5530:
5271:
Lucas, Jason; Murray, Carrie Ann; Owen, Sara (2019).
4269:
Luca Cerchiai; Lorena Jannelli; Fausto Longo (2004).
4153:
4102:
4066:
4046:
4034:
837:
soon developed, and later interacted with the native
800:. Likewise, Naxos, which founded many colonies while
213:, Greece. Subsequently, they founded the colonies of
5377:
A History of the Classical Greek World: 478 - 323 BC
4727:. businessinsider. 20 September 2023. Archived from
4262:
4241:
4135:
4084:
4060:
1802:
in Crimea at the end of the 5th or early 4th c. BC.
1494:
founded the colony Issa on the modern-day island of
1459:
confirms that the city was among the richest of the
8706:
5611:
The Greeks Overseas: Their Early Colonies and Trade
4129:
4078:
4054:
4037:
3917:
1775:by the Romans and Byzantines and is known today as
70:, in that it consisted of organised direction (see
4957:
1482:Further west, colonists from the Greek city-state
260:founded multiple colonies in the Northern Aegean.
125:Illustration of an Archaic Greek ship on pottery,
5728:A History of the Greek City States, 700-338 B. C.
5393:
4907:
1930:in the early 8th century BC. The Greek colony of
625:), the oldest Greek settlement in Italy, founded
8879:
5570:
4460:https://www.locriantica.it/storia/per_greco1.htm
3876:"Greek colonization movement, 8th–6th centuries"
2971:
644:who concentrated initially on the Ionian coast (
430:, becoming the source of its name. Finally, the
139:were strong economic growth with the consequent
6003:
5394:Dietler, Michael; López-Ruiz, Carolina (2009).
5270:
5256:. Cambridge University Press; Reprint edition.
4625:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor
1990:in this region and later the even more distant
1688:
823:was exported to Italy with its dialects of the
699:, an 8th-century BC colony of the Corinthians.
5531:Tsetskhladze, Gocha; Snodgrass, A. M. (2002).
3989:Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες (Archaeology & Art)
2341:* Abkhazia is recognised only by Russia and a
1744:(in Rostov), Tyritace, Myrmeceum, Cecrine and
1513:In 1877 a Greek inscription was discovered in
1510:) on the Illyrian mainland in 3rd century BC.
1498:, and traders from Issa then went on to found
453:was regent of Macedon, he founded the city of
339:. Other important colonies in Chalcidice were
8692:
5783:
4623:[The Colonisation of the Black Sea].
3942:"Greek colonization: small and large islands"
633:in Sicily, and nearby on the opposite coast,
311:(which was settled in collaboration with the
5630:The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area
5627:
5511:
5494:The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily
5433:
5412:
5355:
5341:. Oxford University Press; Reprint edition.
4316:
4272:The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily
1951:
1740:(Lake Maiotis to the ancients) they founded
691:. They were accompanied by small numbers of
5707:Religion and Colonization in Ancient Greece
5668:The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History
5571:Dominguez, Adolfo; Sanchez, Carmen (2001).
5251:
4618:
4423:
4171:
3979:Eleni Triakoupoulou-Salakidou (June 1997).
2329:
2036:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1588:The first phase (2nd half of the 7th c. BC)
8699:
8685:
6669:
5790:
5776:
5208:
4914:. Cambridge University Press. p. 105.
4767:The Library of History of Diodorus Siculus
4707:"The Archaic Period:Economy:Trade Station"
4674:
4672:
4458:LA COLONIZZAZIONE E LE ORIGINI DEI COLONI
4248:. Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
3880:The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration
3873:
1839:The Greek colonies expanded as far as the
1536:
607:which were extensively settled by Greeks.
5110:Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, 6.2
4974:Life at the Crossroads: A History of Gaza
4580:
4406:
3918:Nikolaos Papahatzis; et al. (1971).
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3874:Descœudres, Jean-Paul (4 February 2013).
2942:
2056:Learn how and when to remove this message
1712:). In about 560 BC the Milesians founded
1563:, marked by their corresponding centuries
1467:was another Greek colony in Illyria. The
788:Many cities in the region became in turn
5665:
5608:
4842:Marins de Provence et du Languedoc, p.43
4713:. The Foundation for the Hellenic World.
4627:. Translated by Kalogeropoulou, Georgia.
4514:Pausanias, Description of Greece, 5.22.4
4242:Henry Fanshawe Tozer (30 October 2014).
4235:
4002:Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, 4.102
3939:
3827:colonies are depicted with yellow labels
3810:
1816:
1554:
1391:
781:which shows influence of Greek style in
545:
530:
510:
491:
480:
461:Magna Graecia: mainland Italy and Sicily
457:after defeating a local Thracian tribe.
272:
150:
135:The reasons for the Greeks to establish
120:
62:The Archaic expansion differed from the
29:
5452:
4669:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4603:Ancient Europe 8000 B.C-A.D 1000 Vol. 2
4501:
4470:
1907:Persian expedition to Egypt in 525 B.C.
1447:, which evolved into important cities,
617:aimed at the Gulf of Naples who, after
268:
14:
8880:
7723:
5724:
5553:Collected Papers on Greek Colonization
5549:
5374:
5315:
4958:The editorial team (24 January 2009).
4925:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, 429.7
4741:
4524:
4429:
4359:
3904:
3842:
1812:
1771:and Dioscouris. The latter was called
8680:
8580:
7722:
7151:
6655:
6002:
5822:
5771:
5684:
5646:
4991:Les Villes Philistines, Gaza, Ascalon
4704:Strabo, Geographia 17.1.18, cited in
4388:
4227:
4210:
4165:
3983:[Acanthus-Erissus-Hierissus]
3926:]. Vol. 2. Ekdotike Athenon.
1855:In North Africa, on the peninsula of
1388:Ionian Sea, Adriatic Sea, and Illyria
675:In Sicily the Euboeans later founded
109:, functioning independently of their
8191:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
5823:
5703:
5471:
5336:
4606:
3935:
3933:
3869:
3867:
2928:
2034:adding citations to reliable sources
2001:
1835:typifies the particulars of the age.
1805:The ancient Greek settlement called
1627:the Milesians founded the cities of
1623:. A little farther north in today's
1584:were founded in the 7th century BC.
1517:on the eastern tip of the island of
1436:- all in modern-day western Greece.
1396:Greek Colonies on the Adriatic coast
876:Year (BC) of foundation - by author
5213:. In Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (ed.).
4978:Musée d'art et d'histoire in Geneva
4481:. Vol. 2. Brill. p. 271.
1767:, the Greeks founded the cities of
1681:) which evolved into the colony of
1443:also founded important colonies in
99:
24:
7152:
5797:
5535:. British Archaeological Reports.
5457:. British Archaeological Reports.
5245:
4994:(in French), at antikforever.com.
4744:Handbook to life in ancient Greece
4619:Demetriadou, Daphne (9 May 2003).
2110:
1551:Greek colonies in Thrace and Dacia
292:Numerous colonies were founded in
146:
25:
8904:
5746:
5187:Perseus Encyclopedia, Borysthenes
4742:Adkins, Lesley & Roy (1997).
4275:. Getty Publications. p. 7.
3930:
3864:
3706:
3002:
2191:
2068:
1789:
1748:, the last being a colony of the
8739:
8660:
8650:
8641:
8640:
5731:University of California Press.
4621:"Αποικισμός του Εύξεινου Πόντου"
4389:Allen, Peter S. (October 2010).
4125:
4030:
3188:
3086:
3036:
2374:
2278:
2245:
2006:
1911:2023 archaeological findings in
522:National Museum of Magna Graecia
8661:
5628:Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (1998).
5398:. University Of Chicago Press.
5231:
5202:
5191:
5180:
5169:
5158:
5154:Herodotus, The Histories, 4.108
5147:
5136:
5125:
5114:
5103:
5092:
5081:
5070:
5059:
5048:
5037:
5026:
5015:
5004:
4983:
4951:
4940:
4929:
4918:
4901:
4890:
4879:
4868:
4857:
4846:
4835:
4824:
4813:
4802:
4771:
4760:
4735:
4698:
4659:
4650:
4641:
4631:
4597:
4557:
4531:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
4518:
4507:
4464:
4452:
4395:American Journal of Archaeology
4382:
4353:
4338:
4307:
4298:
4289:
3946:Mediterranean Historical Review
3888:10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm260
3174:
3112:
2878:
2568:
2343:small number of other countries
2264:
1859:, colonists from Thera founded
5322:. Cambridge University Press.
4245:A History of Ancient Geography
4017:
4006:
3995:
3972:
861:subsequently evolved into the
540:Archaeological Museum of Milan
359:with the help of the Athenian
13:
1:
6262:
6249:
6230:
6213:
5710:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5594:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5575:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5556:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5438:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5419:. Brill Academic Publishers.
5252:Zuchtriegel, Gabriel (2020).
3940:Lombardo, Mario (June 2012).
3836:
2993:
1917:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
1763:and the autonomous region of
555:
126:
7390:Funeral and burial practices
6575:Military of Mycenaean Greece
5512:Tsetskhladze, Gocha (2004).
5434:Tsetskhladze, Gocha (2006).
5413:Tsetskhladze, Gocha (2008).
5356:Tsetskhladze, Gocha (2011).
5165:Perseus Encyclopedia, Geloni
5143:Pomponius Mela, Chorographia
4202:
3958:10.1080/09518967.2012.669150
3920:Ιστορία του ελληνικού έθνους
1689:The second phase (6th c. BC)
438:under the leadership of the
343:, founded by colonists from
263:
103: "home away from home"
86:
78:) away from the originating
72:
7:
5647:Isaac, Benjamin H. (1997).
5066:The British museum, Hydrela
4746:. New York: Facts On File.
4711:Hellenic History on the Web
4408:10.3764/ajaonline1144.allen
3981:"Ακάνθος-Εριίσσος-Ιερίσσος"
3924:History of the Greek Nation
1408:were colonised strictly by
640:The second wave was of the
296:, chiefly in the region of
43:refers to the expansion of
10:
8909:
8791:Alexandria in the Caucasus
7314:Greek Revival architecture
6656:
5472:Hall, Jonathan M. (2006).
5209:Sekerskaya, N. M. (2001).
4908:John Bagnell Bury (2015).
4191:
4167:[ˈmaŋnaˈɡrae̯ki.a]
1955:
1543:Greeks in pre-Roman Crimea
1540:
575:was the name given by the
470:
464:
390:. Important colonies were
300:but also in the region of
190:
186:
116:
95:
47:, particularly during the
8854:
8748:
8737:
8718:
8636:
8587:
8581:
8576:
8421:
8298:
8287:
8214:
8136:
8093:
8040:
7898:
7750:
7741:
7737:
7718:
7667:
7582:
7520:
7482:
7475:
7425:
7385:
7376:
7298:
7175:
7171:
7147:
7113:
7082:
6924:
6811:
6755:
6722:Attalid kings of Pergamon
6677:
6668:
6664:
6651:
6530:Antigonid Macedonian army
6503:
6476:
6448:
6405:
6362:
6353:
6195:
6134:
6031:
6027:
5998:
5897:
5846:
5842:
5818:
5805:
5753:Greek colonies to 500 BCE
5685:Cohen, Getzel M. (1996).
4215:, with the same meaning;
3991:(in Greek). Vol. 63.
1952:Rest of the Mediterranean
1850:
1782:Heraclea Pontica founded
1559:Greek colonies along the
875:
853:which was adopted by the
371:, the Athenians with the
5632:. Franz Steiner Verlag.
5497:. J. Paul Getty Museum.
5453:Kirigin, Branko (2006).
5316:Bosher, Kathryn (2016).
4998:1 September 2022 at the
4229:[ˈmaɲɲaˈɡrɛːtʃa]
3831:
1958:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
1716:in the region of modern
812:founded its own colony,
579:to the coastal areas of
561:–405 BC), sporting
426:colonised the island of
361:Callistratus of Aphidnae
8796:Alexandria on the Indus
5725:Sealey, Raphæl (1976).
5666:Treister, M Yu (1997).
5613:. Thames & Hudson.
5609:Boardman, John (1999).
4784:Perseus Digital Library
4569:Studia Latina et Graeca
4212:[meɡálɛːhellás]
2988:, probably a colony of
1673:Further north from the
1537:Black Sea and Propontis
1477:Thronion at the Illyria
758:. According to legend,
442:and father of the poet
8867:Alexandropolis Maedica
8801:Alexandria Prophthasia
6756:Artists & scholars
6671:List of ancient Greeks
6308:Second Athenian League
6157:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
5982:Ancient Greek colonies
5375:Rhodes, P. J. (2010).
5360:. Peeters Publishers.
4575:(3). 28 January 2019.
4525:Wilkes, J. J. (2003).
4473:Tsetskhladze, Gocha R.
4220:
4013:Plutarch, Alexander, 9
3828:
3815:Greek colonies of the
3518:Apollonia ad Rhyndacum
1836:
1564:
1397:
825:Ancient Greek language
804:founded the colony of
569:
543:
528:
508:
489:
455:Alexandropolis Maedica
289:
281:, a classical city of
205:in Southern Italy and
162:
132:
35:
8821:Laodicea in Phoenicia
7875:Sybaris on the Traeis
6600:Sacred Band of Thebes
6340:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
5854:Cycladic civilization
5704:Irad, Malkin (1987).
5337:Irad, Malkin (2013).
4731:on 20 September 2023.
3814:
3080:RU10. Patraeus RU11.
2504:Heraclea in Acarnania
1821:Legendary Greek king
1820:
1685:in the next century.
1558:
1395:
835:Hellenic civilization
660:), shortly before 720
549:
534:
514:
495:
484:
373:Hagnon, son of Nikias
276:
193:Colonies in antiquity
191:Further information:
154:
124:
33:
8776:Alexandria Arachosia
7400:mythological figures
7121:Ancient Greek tribes
6246:Peloponnesian League
2986:Anthedon (Palestine)
2296:Tauroentium/Tauroeis
2030:improve this section
1619:and a little later,
1475:founded the city of
363:founded the city of
335:in the peninsula of
269:Macedonia and Thrace
49:8th–6th centuries BC
8862:Antigonia (Paeonia)
7512:Tunnel of Eupalinos
7507:Theatre of Dionysus
7131:Ancient Macedonians
6747:Tyrants of Syracuse
6259:Amphictyonic League
5859:Minoan civilization
5379:. Wiley-Blackwell.
5301:10.2307/j.ctvwh8bw7
4911:A History of Greece
4686:on 16 November 2018
3724:Pavel Jozef Šafárik
3382:Astacus in Bithynia
2678:Epizepherean Locris
2500:Heraclea in Trachis
1813:Wider Mediterranean
1800:Chersonesus Taurica
1594:Astacus in Bithynia
1461:Ancient Greek world
1170:Λοκροί Ἐπιζεφύριοι
859:Old Italic alphabet
819:With colonisation,
779:Timpone Della Motta
756:Epizephyrean Locris
583:in the present-day
498:Temple of Concordia
451:Alexander the Great
64:Iron Age migrations
8888:Greek colonization
8786:Alexandria Eschate
8186:Menestheus's Limin
7840:Pandosia (Lucania)
7728:Greek colonisation
7090:Athenian statesmen
6851:Diogenes of Sinope
6712:Kings of Macedonia
6702:Kings of Commagene
6570:Macedonian phalanx
6550:Hellenistic armies
6298:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
6162:Indo-Greek Kingdom
5884:Hellenistic Greece
5476:. Wiley-Blackwel.
4582:10.4312/keria.20.3
3829:
3162:Menestheus's Limin
3122:Portus Illicitanus
2990:Anthedon (Boeotia)
2967:Heraclea Lyncestis
1926:river at the site
1890:had been founded,
1837:
1608:and the Phocaeans
1565:
1527:Lumbarda Psephisma
1400:The region of the
1398:
762:which was between
738:together with the
570:
544:
529:
509:
490:
290:
163:
133:
41:Greek colonisation
36:
18:Greek colonization
8875:
8874:
8781:Alexandria Ariana
8731:Ptolemais Hermiou
8674:
8673:
8632:
8631:
8572:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8564:
8563:
8138:Iberian Peninsula
8070:Lipara/Meligounis
8036:
8035:
7714:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7687:Cypriot syllabary
7578:
7577:
7487:Athenian Treasury
7471:
7470:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7138:
6732:Ptolemaic dynasty
6692:Archons of Athens
6647:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6518:Athenian military
6499:
6498:
6332:League of Corinth
6314:Thessalian League
6290:Chalcidian League
6272:Acarnanian League
6182:Ptolemaic Kingdom
5994:
5993:
5990:
5989:
4433:(1903). "6.2.6".
4363:(1903). "6.2.2".
4282:978-0-89236-751-1
4255:978-1-108-07875-7
4200:
4110:-see-ə, -
3897:978-1-4443-3489-0
3817:Mediterranean Sea
3642:Prusias ad Hypium
3614:Heraclea (Aeolis)
2674:Lipara/Meligounis
2066:
2065:
2058:
1913:Thonis-Heracleion
1841:Iberian Peninsula
1825:on the island of
1385:
1384:
538:exhibited in the
520:exhibited in the
504:, in present-day
449:In 340 BC, while
369:Peloponnesian War
285:, in present-day
107:Greek city-states
53:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
8900:
8816:Laodicea Paralos
8743:
8701:
8694:
8687:
8678:
8677:
8664:
8663:
8654:
8644:
8643:
8578:
8577:
8296:
8295:
7795:Heraclea Lucania
7748:
7747:
7739:
7738:
7720:
7719:
7480:
7479:
7412:Twelve Olympians
7383:
7382:
7173:
7172:
7149:
7148:
6737:Seleucid dynasty
6717:Kings of Paionia
6666:
6665:
6653:
6652:
6523:Scythian archers
6430:Graphe paranomon
6360:
6359:
6267:
6264:
6254:
6251:
6235:
6232:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6029:
6028:
6000:
5999:
5879:Classical Greece
5864:Mycenaean Greece
5844:
5843:
5820:
5819:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5769:
5768:
5742:
5721:
5700:
5681:
5662:
5643:
5624:
5605:
5586:
5567:
5546:
5527:
5508:
5487:
5468:
5449:
5430:
5409:
5390:
5371:
5352:
5333:
5312:
5295:. Archaeopress.
5286:
5267:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5206:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5162:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5041:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5008:
5002:
4987:
4981:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4955:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:Brill, Mactorium
4933:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4789:Tufts University
4775:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4682:. Archived from
4676:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4615:
4604:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4584:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4522:
4516:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4442:
4437:. Translated by
4427:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4386:
4380:
4372:
4367:. Translated by
4357:
4351:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4124:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4029:
4021:
4015:
4010:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3986:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3915:
3902:
3901:
3871:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3846:
3202:Heraclea Pontica
2998:
2995:
2806:Heraclea Lucania
2326:F11. Pergantium
2183:Heraclea Sintica
2061:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2010:
2002:
1966:on the coast of
1938:Diodorus Siculus
1695:Heraclea Pontica
1070:Ερυθρά / Ρήγιον
868:
867:
663:
621:(on the isle of
560:
557:
502:Valle dei Templi
131:
128:
104:
101:
97:
89:
77:
21:
8908:
8907:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8898:
8897:
8878:
8877:
8876:
8871:
8850:
8841:Seleucia Pieria
8744:
8735:
8714:
8705:
8675:
8670:
8628:
8583:
8560:
8423:
8417:
8300:
8291:
8283:
8254:Melaina Korkyra
8210:
8132:
8089:
8042:Aeolian Islands
8032:
7894:
7752:
7733:
7732:
7706:
7663:
7574:
7516:
7467:
7421:
7372:
7294:
7285:Wedding customs
7167:
7166:
7135:
7126:Thracian Greeks
7109:
7100:Olympic victors
7078:
6920:
6807:
6751:
6742:Kings of Sparta
6727:Kings of Pontus
6697:Kings of Athens
6673:
6660:
6639:
6535:Army of Macedon
6495:
6472:
6444:
6401:
6349:
6322:(370–c. 230 BC)
6320:Arcadian League
6304:(c. 400–188 BC)
6302:Aetolian League
6296:Boeotian League
6278:Hellenic League
6265:
6252:
6242:(c. 650–404 BC)
6233:
6227:Italiote League
6220:
6216:
6210:Doric Hexapolis
6200:
6191:
6187:Seleucid Empire
6130:
6023:
6022:
5986:
5893:
5869:Greek Dark Ages
5838:
5837:
5814:
5801:
5796:
5749:
5739:
5718:
5697:
5678:
5659:
5640:
5621:
5602:
5583:
5564:
5550:Graham (2001).
5543:
5524:
5505:
5484:
5465:
5446:
5427:
5406:
5387:
5368:
5349:
5330:
5283:
5264:
5248:
5246:Further reading
5243:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5207:
5203:
5196:
5192:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5148:
5141:
5137:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5104:
5097:
5093:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5071:
5064:
5060:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5038:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5016:
5009:
5005:
5000:Wayback Machine
4988:
4984:
4965:
4963:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4919:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4869:
4862:
4858:
4851:
4847:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4761:
4754:
4740:
4736:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4616:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4543:10.2307/3246311
4523:
4519:
4512:
4508:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4469:
4465:
4457:
4453:
4445:Perseus Project
4428:
4424:
4387:
4383:
4375:Perseus Project
4358:
4354:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4240:
4236:
4224:
4207:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4162:
4155:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4077:
4053:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3984:
3977:
3973:
3938:
3931:
3916:
3905:
3898:
3872:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3714:* According to
3712:
3674:Daminon Teichos
3454:Heraion Teichos
3194:
3180:
3118:
3092:
3042:
3008:
2996:
2982:
2948:
2945:North Macedonia
2934:
2884:
2574:
2380:
2339:
2284:
2270:
2251:
2229:Kórkyra Mélaina
2197:
2116:
2074:
2062:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2027:
2011:
2000:
1960:
1954:
1853:
1815:
1792:
1697:in 560-550 BC.
1691:
1590:
1553:
1539:
1506:) and Epetion (
1390:
849:variety of the
770:was founded by
661:
585:Italian regions
558:
536:Apulian pottery
526:Reggio Calabria
479:
469:
463:
294:Northern Greece
271:
266:
195:
189:
149:
147:Characteristics
129:
119:
102:
68:Greek Dark Ages
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8906:
8896:
8895:
8893:Archaic Greece
8890:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8869:
8864:
8858:
8856:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8752:
8750:
8746:
8745:
8738:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8722:
8720:
8716:
8715:
8704:
8703:
8696:
8689:
8681:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8668:
8658:
8648:
8637:
8634:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8574:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8427:
8425:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8304:
8302:
8293:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8220:
8218:
8212:
8211:
8209:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8142:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8125:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8099:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8046:
8044:
8038:
8037:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7988:Megara Hyblaea
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7968:Hybla Gereatis
7965:
7960:
7958:Heraclea Minoa
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7904:
7902:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7756:
7754:
7745:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7724:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7702:Attic numerals
7699:
7697:Greek numerals
7694:
7692:Greek alphabet
7689:
7684:
7679:
7673:
7671:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7661:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7588:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7526:
7524:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7483:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7346:Musical system
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7305:
7303:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7179:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7159:
7153:
7145:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6930:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6778:Mathematicians
6775:
6770:
6765:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6687:Kings of Argos
6683:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6662:
6661:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6545:Cretan archers
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6482:
6480:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6344:Achaean League
6341:
6338:Euboean League
6335:
6329:
6326:Epirote League
6323:
6317:
6311:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6281:
6275:
6274:(c. 500–31 BC)
6269:
6256:
6243:
6237:
6224:
6206:
6204:
6202:Confederations
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6126:Lissus (Crete)
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6004:
5996:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5874:Archaic Greece
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5850:
5848:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5799:Ancient Greece
5795:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5748:
5747:External links
5745:
5744:
5743:
5738:978-0520031777
5737:
5722:
5717:978-9004071193
5716:
5701:
5696:978-0520083295
5695:
5682:
5677:978-9004104730
5676:
5663:
5658:978-9004069213
5657:
5644:
5639:978-3515073028
5638:
5625:
5620:978-0500281093
5619:
5606:
5601:978-9004121461
5600:
5587:
5582:978-9004116047
5581:
5568:
5563:978-9004116344
5562:
5547:
5542:978-1841714424
5541:
5528:
5523:978-0947816612
5522:
5509:
5504:978-0892367511
5503:
5488:
5483:978-0631226680
5482:
5469:
5464:978-1841719917
5463:
5450:
5445:978-9004122048
5444:
5431:
5426:978-9004155763
5425:
5410:
5405:978-0226148472
5404:
5391:
5386:978-1405192866
5385:
5372:
5367:978-9042923249
5366:
5353:
5348:978-0199315727
5347:
5334:
5329:978-1107527508
5328:
5313:
5287:
5282:978-1789251326
5281:
5268:
5263:978-1108409223
5262:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5230:
5223:
5201:
5190:
5179:
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5157:
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5124:
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5025:
5014:
5003:
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4856:
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4834:
4823:
4812:
4801:
4770:
4759:
4752:
4734:
4716:
4697:
4668:
4658:
4656:Herodotus 6.33
4649:
4640:
4630:
4605:
4596:
4556:
4517:
4506:
4504:, p. 175.
4494:
4487:
4463:
4451:
4422:
4381:
4352:
4337:
4324:"MAGNA GRECIA"
4315:
4313:Herodotus 8.47
4306:
4297:
4288:
4281:
4261:
4254:
4234:
4016:
4005:
3994:
3971:
3929:
3903:
3896:
3863:
3850:"Magna Grecia"
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3711:
3705:
3193:
3187:
3179:
3173:
3117:
3111:
3091:
3085:
3041:
3035:
3016:Histria/Istros
3007:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2997: 520 BCE
2981:
2970:
2947:
2941:
2933:
2927:
2924:Menelai Portus
2883:
2877:
2746:Heraclea Minoa
2694:Megara Hyblaea
2573:
2567:
2379:
2373:
2338:
2328:
2283:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2250:
2244:
2196:
2190:
2120:Pseudo-Scymnus
2115:
2109:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2046:September 2023
2014:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1992:Hemeroskopeion
1953:
1950:
1852:
1849:
1814:
1811:
1791:
1790:Later Colonies
1788:
1690:
1687:
1589:
1586:
1538:
1535:
1521:in modern-day
1502:in Tragurion (
1389:
1386:
1383:
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1379:
1376:
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1363:
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991:
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984:
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977:
974:
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908:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
872:
863:Latin alphabet
851:Greek alphabet
833:. An original
766:and the river
746:together with
716:Megara Hyblaea
702:Refugees from
668:(near today's
581:Southern Italy
465:Main article:
462:
459:
446:, Telesicles.
351:, a colony of
270:
267:
265:
262:
188:
185:
148:
145:
141:overpopulation
118:
115:
45:Archaic Greeks
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8905:
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8442:
8439:
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8420:
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8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
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8356:
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8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
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8339:
8336:
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8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8166:Hemeroscopion
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
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7909:
7906:
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7903:
7901:
7897:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7743:Magna Graecia
7740:
7736:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7721:
7717:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7660:
7657:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7617:Arcadocypriot
7615:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7581:
7571:
7570:Zeus, Olympia
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7555:Hera, Olympia
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
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7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7481:
7478:
7474:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7458:Mount Olympus
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7426:Sacred places
7424:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7375:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7297:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7250:Olympic Games
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7240:Homosexuality
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6654:
6650:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6610:Seleucid army
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6447:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6306:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6284:Delian League
6282:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6260:
6257:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6240:Ionian League
6238:
6228:
6225:
6221: 560 BC
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:Magna Graecia
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5793:
5788:
5786:
5781:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5740:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5702:
5698:
5692:
5688:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5635:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5584:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5534:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5340:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5239:
5234:
5226:
5224:9789004120419
5220:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5051:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4986:
4979:
4975:
4961:
4954:
4948:
4943:
4937:
4932:
4926:
4921:
4913:
4912:
4904:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4805:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4763:
4755:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4712:
4708:
4701:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4662:
4653:
4644:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4600:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4521:
4515:
4510:
4503:
4498:
4490:
4488:9789047442448
4484:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4325:
4319:
4310:
4304:Strabo 6.1.12
4301:
4292:
4284:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4204:
4203:Megálē Hellás
4198:
4189:
4188:Ancient Greek
4168:
4160:
4159:
4149:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4098:
4027:
4020:
4014:
4009:
4003:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3975:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3868:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:Alopeconnesus
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3438:Apamea Myrlea
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3234:Halicarnassus
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3134:Hemeroscopeum
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:Castelmezzano
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2060:
2057:
2049:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2015:This section
2013:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1899:Psammitecus I
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:Sympheropolis
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:Pontic Greeks
1544:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
985:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
880:
879:
873:
870:
869:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:
826:
822:
821:Greek culture
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:Magna Graecia
568:
564:
553:
548:
541:
537:
533:
527:
523:
519:
518:
517:Riace Bronzes
513:
507:
503:
499:
494:
488:
487:Magna Graecia
483:
478:
474:
468:
467:Magna Graecia
458:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:also founded
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:. During the
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
288:
284:
280:
275:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:Lelantine War
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
194:
184:
182:
178:
177:Mediterranean
172:
170:
169:
160:
159:
153:
144:
142:
138:
130: 520 BC
123:
114:
112:
108:
93:
88:
83:
82:
76:
75:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
51:, across the
50:
46:
42:
38:
32:
19:
8831:Philadelphia
8761:Alexandretta
8707:Hellenistic/
8461:Dionysopolis
8431:Abonoteichos
8383:Pantikapaion
7973:Hybla Heraea
7727:
7309:Architecture
7265:Prostitution
6954:Aristophanes
6813:Philosophers
6783:Philosophers
6615:Spartan army
6346:(280–146 BC)
6334:(338–322 BC)
6328:(370–168 BC)
6316:(374–196 BC)
6310:(378–355 BC)
6292:(430–348 BC)
6286:(478–404 BC)
6280:(499–449 BC)
5967:Peloponnesus
5889:Roman Greece
5727:
5706:
5686:
5667:
5648:
5629:
5610:
5591:
5572:
5552:
5532:
5513:
5493:
5473:
5454:
5435:
5415:
5395:
5376:
5357:
5338:
5318:
5291:
5272:
5253:
5233:
5214:
5204:
5193:
5182:
5171:
5160:
5149:
5138:
5127:
5116:
5105:
5094:
5083:
5072:
5061:
5050:
5039:
5028:
5017:
5006:
4990:
4985:
4973:
4964:. Retrieved
4953:
4942:
4931:
4920:
4910:
4903:
4892:
4881:
4870:
4859:
4848:
4837:
4826:
4820:Brill, Golgi
4815:
4804:
4794:30 September
4792:. Retrieved
4782:
4773:
4762:
4743:
4737:
4729:the original
4719:
4710:
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4684:the original
4661:
4652:
4643:
4633:
4624:
4599:
4572:
4568:
4559:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4509:
4502:Cabanes 2008
4497:
4477:
4466:
4454:
4434:
4425:
4398:
4394:
4384:
4364:
4355:
4345:
4340:
4328:. Retrieved
4326:(in Italian)
4318:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4271:
4264:
4244:
4237:
4221:Magna Grecia
4192:Μεγάλη Ἑλλάς
4181:Great Greece
4019:
4008:
3997:
3988:
3974:
3952:(1): 73–85.
3949:
3945:
3923:
3919:
3879:
3854:. Retrieved
3852:(in Italian)
3844:
3751:Panticapaeum
3728:
3713:
3195:
3181:
3119:
3104:
3093:
3043:
3009:
2960:
2949:
2935:
2885:
2846:Pithekoussai
2575:
2381:
2347:
2340:
2285:
2271:
2252:
2198:
2128:
2117:
2075:
2052:
2043:
2028:Please help
2016:
1961:
1936:
1921:
1910:
1885:
1854:
1845:North Africa
1838:
1830:
1804:
1793:
1781:
1773:Sebastopolis
1772:
1754:
1706:Panticapaeum
1702:Pontic Olbia
1699:
1692:
1675:Danube delta
1672:
1641:
1614:
1591:
1566:
1533:and Pharos.
1512:
1481:
1438:
1404:and that of
1399:
990:Συρακκούσες
930:Μεταπόντιον
900:
895:
890:
885:
828:
818:
789:
787:
776:
701:
674:
639:
612:
609:
571:
550:A Syracusan
542:, 380-370 BC
515:
448:
385:
306:
291:
231:
196:
173:
166:
164:
156:
134:
110:
79:
61:
40:
39:
37:
8846:Serraepolis
8609:Place names
8521:Salmydessus
8343:Kalos Limen
8323:Chersonesus
8313:Borysthenes
8018:Tauromenion
7830:Metapontion
7592:Proto-Greek
7545:Erechtheion
7540:Athena Nike
7502:Philippeion
7331:Mathematics
7302:and science
7185:Agriculture
7049:Stesichorus
6959:Bacchylides
6949:Archilochus
6836:Antisthenes
6826:Anaximander
6798:Seven Sages
6788:Playwrights
6768:Geographers
6763:Astronomers
6590:Pezhetairos
6217: 1100
6197:Federations
6096:Megalopolis
6033:City states
6008:City states
4690:16 November
4537:: 251–253.
4439:W. Falconer
4435:Geographica
4369:W. Falconer
4365:Geographica
4347:Geographica
3787:Kalos Limen
3767:Chersonesus
3731:Borysthenes
3586:Neonteichos
3582:Chrysopolis
3578:Marathesium
3214:Dios Hieron
3070:Korokondame
2908:Euesperides
2702:Tauromenium
2690:Selinountas
2602:Dicaearchia
2324:Athenopolis
2320:Rhodanousia
2147:Agathopolis
1869:Euesperides
1759:, today in
1738:Sea of Azov
1683:Borysthenes
1598:Chalcedonia
1492:Dionysius I
1329:Μελιγουνίς
1190:Ποσειδωνία
1187:Poseidonia
927:Metapontum
790:metropoleis
768:Sinni River
685:Tauromenion
646:Metapontion
552:tetradrachm
444:Archilochus
240:and on the
158:Argonautica
8882:Categories
8756:Ai-Khanoum
8726:Alexandria
8709:Macedonian
8511:Polemonion
8388:Phanagoria
8358:Kimmerikon
8353:Kerkinitis
8338:Hermonassa
8328:Dioscurias
8224:Aspalathos
8171:Kalathousa
8146:Akra Leuke
8075:Phoenicusa
7860:Scylletium
7845:Poseidonia
7765:Brentesion
7652:Pamphylian
7647:Macedonian
7565:Samothrace
7550:Hephaestus
7497:Long Walls
7476:Structures
7417:Underworld
7363:Technology
7326:Literature
7260:Philosophy
7225:Euergetism
7114:By culture
7059:Thucydides
6901:Pythagoras
6896:Protagoras
6886:Parmenides
6871:Heraclitus
6856:Empedocles
6846:Democritus
6831:Anaximenes
6821:Anaxagoras
6773:Historians
6266: 595
6253: 550
6234: 800
6219: – c.
6147:Cappadocia
5952:Ionian Sea
5942:Hellespont
5907:Aegean Sea
5211:"Nikonion"
4966:10 January
4753:0816031118
3837:References
3825:Phoenician
3783:Kimmerikon
3779:Kerkinitis
3526:Pythopolis
3494:Teichiussa
3442:Klazomenai
3378:Themiscyra
3362:Polemonion
3266:Kelenderis
3154:Kalathousa
3126:Akra Leuke
3102:(Serbia).
3066:Hermonassa
3054:Phanagoria
2978:Gaza Strip
2958:(Serbia).
2931:Montenegro
2912:Antipyrgus
2818:Agathyrnum
2814:Scylletium
2666:Phoenicusa
2614:Metapontum
2610:Poseidonia
2590:Parthenope
2508:Anactorium
2444:Amphipolis
2362:Dioscurias
2261:CY3.Golgi
2209:Aspálathos
2098:Bouthroton
1956:See also:
1946:Trojan War
1746:Phanagoria
1734:Hermonassa
1662:, Cromne,
1541:See also:
1488:Stari Grad
1441:Syracusans
1422:Anactoreum
1402:Ionian Sea
1366:Agrigento
1286:Selinunte
1242:c. 675
1182:c. 700
1082:c. 730
1010:Λεοντῖνοι
886:Thucydides
843:Chalcidean
806:Poseidonia
783:Oneotroian
666:Scylletium
650:Poseidonia
619:Pithecusae
597:Basilicata
559: 415
477:Siceliotes
471:See also:
434:colonised
428:Samothrace
416:Rhaedestus
412:Hellespont
388:Asia Minor
377:Amphipolis
298:Chalcidice
211:Chalcidice
203:Pithecusae
168:metropolis
111:metropolis
81:metropolis
8597:in Epirus
8546:Trapezous
8491:Mesambria
8476:Eupatoria
8446:Apollonia
8441:Anchialos
8403:Theodosia
8373:Nymphaion
8363:Myrmekion
8333:Gorgippia
8289:Black Sea
8274:Tragurion
8259:Nymphaion
8244:Epidauros
8239:Epidamnos
8229:Apollonia
8206:Zacynthos
8128:Ptolemais
8122:Apollonia
8095:Cyrenaica
8085:Therassía
8080:Strongyle
8060:Ereikousa
7983:Leontinoi
7923:Apollonia
7800:Hipponion
7597:Mycenaean
7560:Parthenon
7492:Lion Gate
7395:Mythology
7358:Sculpture
7321:Astronomy
7255:Pederasty
7230:Festivals
7215:Education
7095:Lawgivers
7064:Timocreon
7044:Sophocles
7039:Simonides
7014:Philocles
7009:Panyassis
7004:Mimnermus
6969:Herodotus
6964:Euripides
6934:Aeschylus
6881:Leucippus
6841:Aristotle
6620:Strategos
6486:Synedrion
6440:Ostracism
6420:Areopagus
6372:Free city
6167:Macedonia
6051:Byzantion
5957:Macedonia
5922:Cyrenaica
5899:Geography
5833:Geography
5670:. Brill.
5309:241412939
4591:2350-4234
4417:1939-828X
4197:romanized
4154:-
3966:0951-8967
3821:Black Sea
3807:Tarpanchi
3775:Myrmekion
3763:Theodosia
3755:Nymphaion
3716:Herodotus
3694:Hamaxitus
3666:Rhoiteion
3630:Mariandyn
3622:Lamponeia
3514:Apollonia
3486:Perinthus
3374:Trapezous
3366:Pharnakia
3322:Lampsacus
3310:Nicomedia
3306:Chalcedon
3298:Perinthos
3278:Byzantium
3262:Zephyrion
3198:Selymbria
3138:Zakynthos
3107:Damastion
3062:Gorgippia
3028:Axiopolis
3024:Stratonis
2974:Palestine
2963:Damastion
2916:Apollonia
2904:Ptolemais
2900:Taucheira
2870:Mactorium
2742:Hipponion
2726:Ereikousa
2670:Therassía
2650:Kale Akte
2638:Gallipoli
2540:Colonides
2488:Rhaecelus
2312:Antipolis
2274:Naucratis
2233:Epidaurum
2213:Epidaurus
2205:Tragyrion
2177:* BUL12.
2171:Anchialos
2159:Naulochos
2139:Apollonia
2131:Mesembria
2124:Mesembria
2086:Apollonia
2082:Epidamnos
2078:Nymphaeum
2017:does not
1940:mentions
1932:Posideion
1892:Naukratis
1881:Apollonia
1877:Taucheira
1857:Kyrenaika
1796:Mesembria
1736:. On the
1730:Nymphaeum
1720:. On the
1648:Trebizond
1637:Apollonia
1617:Selymbria
1610:Lampsacus
1602:Byzantium
1582:Propontis
1561:Black Sea
1465:Nymphaeum
1453:Epidamnus
1449:Apollonia
1349:Καμάρινα
1346:Camarina
1289:Σελινούς
1269:Κασμέναι
1230:Καυλωνία
1227:Caulonia
987:Syracuse
855:Etruscans
785:pottery.
670:Catanzaro
473:Italiotes
420:Propontis
400:Milesians
313:Athenians
277:Ruins of
264:Locations
242:Black Sea
181:Black Sea
57:Black Sea
8836:Seleucia
8712:colonies
8646:Category
8624:Theatres
8551:Tripolis
8486:Kerasous
8481:Heraclea
8413:Tyritake
8368:Nikonion
8279:Thronion
8201:Salauris
8156:Emporion
8113:Berenice
8103:Balagrae
8055:Euonymos
8028:Tyndaris
8013:Syracuse
8008:Selinous
7978:Kamarina
7933:Casmenae
7918:Akrillai
7835:Neápolis
7770:Caulonia
7751:Mainland
7682:Linear B
7677:Linear A
7607:Dialects
7584:Language
7378:Religion
7336:Medicine
7270:Religion
7235:Folklore
7220:Emporium
7195:Clothing
7190:Calendar
7074:Xenophon
7069:Tyrtaeus
7054:Theognis
7029:Polybius
7024:Plutarch
6999:Menander
6979:Hipponax
6906:Socrates
6861:Epicurus
6707:Diadochi
6605:Sciritae
6565:Hetairoi
6540:Ballista
6505:Military
6468:Gerousia
6458:Ekklesia
6425:Ecclesia
6407:Athenian
6355:Politics
6268:–279 BC)
6255:–366 BC)
6236:–389 BC)
6172:Pergamon
6142:Bithynia
6135:Kingdoms
6076:Pergamon
6018:Military
6013:Politics
5810:Timeline
4996:Archived
4666:137‑138.
4350:, 6.1.10
4344:Strabo,
3759:Tyritake
3743:Nikonion
3682:Athymbra
3658:Gryneium
3646:Dardanus
3610:Coryphas
3606:Kydonies
3594:Semystra
3562:Caryanda
3498:Triopium
3478:Crithote
3462:Erythrae
3458:Bisanthe
3422:Bargylia
3410:Colophon
3402:Pergamon
3370:Kerasous
3354:Tripolis
3346:Tirebolu
3326:Panormos
3286:Amastris
3250:Aspendos
3246:Phaselis
3184:Posidium
3150:Emporion
3142:Salauris
3074:Taganrog
3032:Kallatis
3020:Aegyssus
2896:Balagrae
2830:Casmenae
2826:Akrillai
2790:Metauros
2754:Trotilon
2750:Caulonia
2734:Kamarina
2730:Euonymos
2722:Leontini
2654:Syracuse
2606:Neapolis
2556:Myrcinus
2548:Potidaea
2536:Philippi
2484:Pistyrus
2464:Galepsus
2456:Akanthos
2428:Arethusa
2416:Olynthus
2412:Krinides
2408:Maroneia
2400:Ambracia
2392:Acanthus
2388:Stageira
2384:Potidaea
2354:Triglite
2336:Abkhazia
2308:Monoikos
2292:Massalia
2241:Lumbarda
2179:Develtos
2167:Pistiros
2113:Bulgaria
2106:Thronion
1988:Empuries
1984:Sardinia
1964:Massalia
1942:Meschela
1873:Benghazi
1871:(modern
1823:Odysseus
1784:Callatis
1765:Abkhazia
1708:(modern
1515:Lumbarda
1430:Ambracia
1381:580/576
1369:Ακράγας
1361:598/596
1358:601/600
1355:598/597
1341:580/576
1298:650/649
1266:Casmene
1219:691/690
1147:Taranto
1142:709/708
1127:Crotone
1122:721/720
1119:709-708
1116:708-707
1110:Σύβαρις
1107:Sybaris
1087:Milazzo
1039:737/736
1027:Catania
1007:Lentini
999:738/737
956:757/756
919:1050(?)
891:Eusebius
794:Camarina
772:Phocians
754:founded
752:Locrians
734:founded
726:founded
720:Selinous
714:founded
706:founded
697:Syracuse
681:Leontini
642:Achaeans
615:Euboeans
601:Campania
589:Calabria
567:quadriga
563:Arethusa
392:Maroneia
357:Thasians
349:Potidaea
341:Acanthus
309:Olynthos
248:founded
207:Olynthus
201:founded
199:Euboeans
137:colonies
74:oikistes
55:and the
8806:Attalia
8766:Antioch
8666:Outline
8619:Temples
8556:Zaliche
8536:Thèrmae
8526:Sesamus
8496:Odessos
8471:Cytorus
8466:Cotyora
8216:Illyria
8181:Mainake
8176:Kypsela
8065:Hycesia
8023:Thermae
8003:Segesta
7993:Messana
7948:Helorus
7928:Calacte
7908:Akragas
7870:Sybaris
7855:Rhegion
7810:Krimisa
7760:Alision
7669:Writing
7642:Locrian
7632:Epirote
7602:Homeric
7535:Artemis
7522:Temples
7463:Olympia
7433:Eleusis
7368:Theatre
7353:Pottery
7280:Warfare
7275:Slavery
7210:Economy
7205:Cuisine
7200:Coinage
7177:Society
7162:Culture
7157:Society
7105:Tyrants
6944:Alcaeus
6926:Authors
6876:Hypatia
6866:Gorgias
6803:Writers
6625:Toxotai
6595:Sarissa
6585:Peltast
6580:Phalanx
6560:Hoplite
6555:Hippeis
6478:Macedon
6450:Spartan
6435:Heliaia
6382:Proxeny
6091:Larissa
6086:Kerkyra
6081:Eretria
6071:Miletus
6066:Ephesus
6061:Corinth
6056:Chalcis
5977:Taurica
5847:Periods
5828:History
4638:135‑137
4565:"Keria"
4551:3246311
4475:(ed.).
4217:Italian
4199::
4175:
3805:* U19.
3803:Gelonus
3799:Manitra
3709:Ukraine
3707:Modern
3702:Nagidos
3696:TR128.
3692:TR127.
3690:Termera
3688:TR126.
3686:Carussa
3684:TR125.
3680:TR124.
3678:Hydrela
3676:TR123.
3672:TR122.
3670:Cadrema
3668:TR121.
3664:TR120.
3660:TR119.
3656:TR118.
3652:TR117.
3648:TR116.
3644:TR115.
3640:TR114.
3636:TR113.
3632:TR112.
3628:TR111.
3624:TR110.
3620:TR109.
3618:Gargara
3616:TR108.
3612:TR107.
3608:TR106.
3604:TR105.
3602:Cypasis
3600:TR104.
3596:TR103.
3592:TR102.
3588:TR101.
3584:TR100.
3566:Athenae
3546:Scepsis
3538:Kolonai
3530:Cytorus
3506:Scylace
3466:Priapus
3426:Madytus
3394:Phocaea
3358:Cotyora
3338:Sigeion
3330:Cyzicus
3282:Amaseia
3258:Sillyon
3242:Tralles
3238:Miletus
3210:Ephesus
3189:Modern
3175:Modern
3166:Kypsela
3158:Mainake
3113:Modern
3087:Modern
3082:Toricos
3078:Tyramba
3037:Modern
3005:Romania
3003:Modern
2972:Modern
2965:* MA2.
2943:Modern
2938:Bouthoe
2929:Modern
2879:Modern
2874:Helorus
2862:Lagaria
2858:Ortygia
2842:Thapsos
2822:Adranon
2816:* I60.
2794:Krimisa
2782:Macalla
2778:Tindari
2774:Rhegion
2718:Catania
2706:Acragas
2686:Lentini
2682:Rhegium
2662:Hycesia
2646:Messina
2634:Crotona
2618:Sybaris
2598:Procida
2569:Modern
2564:Sollium
2544:Oliarus
2532:Scabala
2524:Amorgos
2496:Methoni
2472:Phagres
2460:Astacus
2448:Argilus
2404:Corcyra
2375:Modern
2332:Georgia
2330:Modern
2279:Modern
2265:Modern
2259:Kyrenia
2246:Modern
2194:Croatia
2192:Modern
2185:BUL14.
2181:BUL13.
2173:BUL11.
2169:BUL10.
2163:Krounoi
2155:Pomorie
2151:Kavarna
2143:Antheia
2135:Odessos
2111:Modern
2094:Chimara
2071:Albania
2069:Modern
2038:removed
2023:sources
1976:Corsica
1928:Al-Mina
1924:Orontes
1896:pharaoh
1832:Odyssey
1807:Manitra
1777:Sukhumi
1761:Georgia
1757:Colchis
1722:Crimean
1718:Ukraine
1679:Berezan
1670:, etc.
1660:Cotyora
1656:Cytorus
1652:Cerasus
1629:Histria
1625:Romania
1621:Nesebar
1606:Cyzicus
1574:Phocaea
1570:Miletus
1523:Croatia
1519:Korčula
1508:Stobreč
1500:emporia
1469:Abantes
1457:Olympia
1445:Illyria
1434:Corcyra
1418:Astacus
1414:Leucada
1410:Corinth
1406:Illyria
1338:629(?)
1335:627(?)
1326:Lipari
1306:Himera
1295:757(?)
1202:700(?)
1130:Κρότων
1099:716(?)
1096:715(?)
1067:Reggio
1050:Μέγαρα
1047:Megara
1030:Κατάνη
950:Ζάγκλη
947:Zancle
936:773(?)
847:Cumaean
814:Acragas
802:Sybaris
760:Lagaria
740:Cretans
724:Phocaea
708:Taranto
693:Dorians
689:Catania
654:Sybaris
635:Rhegium
432:Parians
424:Samians
410:on the
353:Corinth
333:Cleonae
329:Aphytis
325:Sermyle
223:Rhegium
187:History
117:Motives
100:transl.
96:ἀποικία
87:apoikia
66:of the
8855:Europe
8826:Nicaea
8811:Edessa
8771:Apamea
8719:Africa
8656:Portal
8604:People
8592:Cities
8531:Sinope
8516:Rhizos
8506:Phasis
8456:Bathus
8451:Athina
8436:Amisos
8398:Tanais
8393:Pityus
8318:Charax
8269:Pharos
8264:Orikon
8161:Helike
8151:Alonis
8118:Cyrene
8050:Didyme
7963:Himera
7938:Catana
7900:Sicily
7890:Thurii
7885:Terina
7850:Pixous
7805:Hydrus
7780:Croton
7612:Aeolic
7530:Aphaea
7453:Dodona
7438:Delphi
7407:Temple
7083:Others
7034:Sappho
7019:Pindar
6994:Lucian
6989:Ibycus
6974:Hesiod
6911:Thales
6679:Rulers
6658:People
6635:Xyston
6630:Xiphos
6491:Koinon
6397:Tyrant
6387:Stasis
6377:Koinon
6177:Pontus
6152:Epirus
6121:Sparta
6111:Rhodes
6106:Megara
6101:Thebes
6046:Athens
5972:Pontus
5937:Epirus
5927:Cyprus
5912:Aeolis
5735:
5714:
5693:
5674:
5655:
5636:
5617:
5598:
5579:
5560:
5539:
5520:
5501:
5480:
5461:
5442:
5423:
5402:
5383:
5364:
5345:
5326:
5307:
5293:Samsun
5279:
5260:
5221:
4750:
4589:
4549:
4485:
4431:Strabo
4415:
4361:Strabo
4330:7 July
4279:
4252:
4163:Latin:
3964:
3894:
3856:9 July
3791:Yalita
3771:Charax
3747:Odessa
3720:Geloni
3700:TR129.
3698:Mastya
3654:Temnos
3650:Pygela
3638:Knidos
3634:Claros
3598:Cobrys
3590:Artace
3580:TR99.
3576:TR98.
3572:TR97.
3568:TR96.
3564:TR95.
3560:TR94.
3558:Mopsus
3556:TR93.
3554:Mallus
3552:TR92.
3548:TR91.
3544:TR90.
3542:Paesus
3540:TR89.
3536:TR88.
3534:Armene
3532:TR87.
3528:TR86.
3524:TR85.
3522:Myrina
3520:TR84.
3516:TR83.
3512:TR82.
3510:Arisba
3508:TR81.
3504:TR80.
3502:Placia
3500:TR79.
3496:TR78.
3492:TR77.
3488:TR76.
3484:TR75.
3482:Pactya
3480:TR74.
3476:TR73.
3474:Limnae
3472:TR71.
3468:TR70.
3464:TR69.
3460:TR68.
3456:TR67.
3452:TR66.
3450:Parion
3448:TR65.
3446:Notion
3444:TR64.
3440:TR63.
3436:TR62.
3434:Tieion
3432:TR61.
3430:Elaeus
3428:TR60.
3424:TR59.
3420:TR58.
3416:TR57.
3414:Patara
3412:TR56.
3408:TR55.
3404:TR53.
3400:TR52.
3398:Smyrna
3396:TR51.
3392:TR50.
3390:Pitane
3388:TR49.
3384:TR48.
3380:TR47.
3376:TR46.
3372:TR45.
3368:TR44.
3364:TR43.
3360:TR42.
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3350:Amisos
3348:TR39.
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3342:Sinope
3340:TR37.
3336:TR36.
3332:TR35.
3328:TR34.
3324:TR33.
3320:TR32.
3318:Sestos
3316:TR31.
3314:Abydos
3312:TR30.
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3304:TR28.
3302:Cardia
3300:TR27.
3296:TR26.
3292:TR25.
3288:TR24.
3284:TR23.
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3276:TR21.
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3270:Mallus
3268:TR19.
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3256:TR16.
3252:TR15.
3248:TR14.
3244:TR13.
3240:TR12.
3236:TR11.
3232:TR10.
3230:Priene
3222:Myndus
3191:Turkey
3170:Helike
3130:Alonis
3100:Vranje
3089:Serbia
3046:Tanais
3039:Russia
2956:Vranje
2920:Cinyps
2892:Cyrene
2866:Hydrus
2854:Licata
2838:Engyon
2802:Saturo
2786:Temesa
2770:Terina
2758:Pyxous
2710:Himera
2658:Didyme
2622:Thurii
2586:Ancona
2562:GR46.
2560:Tarphe
2558:GR45.
2554:GR44.
2550:GR43.
2546:GR42.
2542:GR41.
2538:GR40.
2534:GR39.
2530:GR38.
2528:Actium
2526:GR37.
2522:GR36.
2520:Toroni
2518:GR35.
2514:GR34.
2510:GR33.
2506:GR32.
2502:GR31.
2498:GR30.
2494:GR29.
2492:Dicaea
2490:GR28.
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2482:GR26.
2480:Stryme
2478:GR25.
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2470:GR23.
2468:Oesyme
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2442:GR16.
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2422:GR11.
2420:Abdera
2418:GR10.
2377:Greece
2370:Gyenos
2366:Phasis
2358:Pityus
2350:Bathys
2316:Alalia
2304:Nicaea
2281:France
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2248:Cyprus
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2225:Pharos
2201:Salona
2175:Bizone
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2161:BUL8.
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1894:. The
1879:, and
1861:Kyrene
1851:Africa
1829:; the
1827:sirens
1769:Phasis
1750:Teians
1742:Tanais
1714:Odessa
1664:Pteria
1644:Sinope
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750:; the
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744:Lipari
732:Rhodes
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593:Apulia
577:Romans
565:and a
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396:Abdera
394:, and
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283:Thrace
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256:, and
254:Andros
250:Cyrene
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