994:
made. The first excavations date to 1606 when thirteen statues and two marble bas-reliefs were found; later finds included the large statue of
Jupiter from the Masseria del Gigante exhibited at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples. However, after the discovery of the Vesuvian sites the attention of the Bourbon explorers was diverted there and the Cumae area was abandoned and plundered of numerous finds which were then sold to private individuals. A first campaign of systematic excavations took place between 1852 and 1857 under Prince Leopoldo, brother of Ferdinando II of the Two Sicilies when the area of the Masseria del Gigante and some necropoles were explored. Later Emilio Stevens was given the concession and worked at Cumae between 1878 and 1893, completing the excavation of the necropolis, even though news of the various finds led to a continuous looting of the area.
705:
1106:
1243:
1385:
1343:
1219:
64:
1259:
402:
99:
71:
2029:
92:
2041:
685:
1001:
2047:
1271:
1331:
1397:
674:
1036:
47:
1370:
2035:
5298:
1157:
5308:
5318:
1028:
1231:
1358:
1204:
was built. An avalanche closed the sea entrance in the 3rd c. After 397 it was reopened. In the
Christian age it was used as a cemetery area; in the 6th c. the Byzantine general Narsete tried to use it to reach the city during the siege of Cumae, but weakened the structure and a large section of the vault collapsed.
476:
The site chosen was on the hill and later acropolis of Monte di Cuma surrounded on one side by the sea, and on the other by particularly fertile ground on the edge of the
Campanian plain. While continuing their maritime and commercial traditions, the settlers of Cumae strengthened their political and
1043:
The ancient city was divided into two zones, namely the acropolis and the lower part on the plains and the coast. The acropolis was accessible only from the south side and it was on this area that the first nucleus of the city developed crossed by a road called Via Sacra leading to the main temples.
1203:
With the displacement of the fleet from Portus Iulius to the port of Miseno in 12 BCE and the end of the Civil War between
Octavian and Mark Antony in 31 BCE the tunnel lost its strategic value. The forum entrance was made monumental with 4 statue niches in 95 AD at the same time as the Arco Felice
1051:
In the 6th c. BCE temples were built in tufa, wood and terracotta. Columns, cornices and capitals were made of yellow tufa, roofs and architraves of wood and to protect the overhang, terracotta tiles and elaborate antefix decorations. The city and acropolis walls were built from 505 BC, as well as
1008:
The explorations of the acropolis started in 1911, bringing to light the Temple of Apollo. Between 1924 and 1934 Amedeo Maiuri and
Vittorio Spinazzola investigated the Temple of Jupiter, the Cave of the Sibyl and the Crypta Romana, while between 1938 and 1953 the lower city was explored. A chance
993:
Despite the abandonment of the area of Cumae due to the formation of marshes, the memory of the ancient city remained alive. The ruins, although in a state of neglect, were later visited by many artists and with the repopulation of the area due to land reclamation, short excavation campaigns were
1047:
The lower city was defended by walls and during the Greek age the acropolis had probably the same type of defences, even if the remains today dating back to the 6th century BCE are only on the southeastern part of the hill perhaps also used as retaining walls of the ridge.
746:
The city prospered in the Roman period from the 1st c. BCE along with all the cities of
Campania and especially the bay of Naples as it became a desirable area for wealthy Romans who built large villas along the coast. The "central baths" and the amphitheatre are built.
809:, in which the author tells of a vision of a woman, identified with the church, who entrusts him with a text to read to the presbyters of the community in Cuma. At the end of the 4th century, the temple of Zeus at Cumae was transformed into a Christian basilica.
1176:
while the bridge also carried a road along the ridge of the hill. It was built of brick and tiled in marble, and surmounted by two rows of arches of lighter concrete covered with brick. The piers had three niches on both sides where statues were placed.
1191:
The Crypta Romana is a tunnel dug into the tufa under the Cuma hill, crossing the acropolis in an east-west direction, giving an easier route from the city to the sea. Its construction is part of the set of military enhancement works built by
1044:
The road began with two towers, one of which collapsed with part of the hill and the other was restored in the
Byzantine era and is still visible. The lower city developed from the Samnite period and to a greater extent during the Roman age.
1089:
In the 1st c. AD the "Temple of the Giant" was built, so-called because the famous giant bust of
Jupiter (now in Naples Archaeological Museum) was discovered in its ruins; the walls of the temple are incorporated into a later farmhouse.
534:
Cumae was at that time celebrated throughout all Italy for its riches, power, and all the other advantages, as it possessed the most fertile part of the
Campanian plain and was mistress of the most convenient havens round about
1059:
When the city was allied with the Romans in 338 BCE a new temple was built with exceptional painted friezes and ornamentation which have been discovered though the temple was destroyed after a few decades by fire.
1009:
discovery occurred in 1992 when during the construction of a gas pipeline near the beach a temple of Isis was discovered. In 1994 the "Kyme" project was activated for the restoration of the site. Excavation of the
624:, and in 492 BCE when Roman envoys travelled to Cumae to purchase grain, Aristodemus seized the envoys' vessels on account of the property of Tarquinius which had been seized at the time of Tarquinius' exile.
1180:
The via
Domitiana, whose paving is still perfectly preserved and is in continuous use today, connected to the via Appia, the artery of communication with Rome, as well as with Pozzuoli and Naples.
1067:
built west of the Porta mediana. The central baths were built and major work was done on the acropolis temples. From the end of the 2nd c. BCE Cumae's architecture became increasingly romanised.
1013:
was completed, first partly explored in 1902. In the area of the forum a basilica-shaped building, the Aula Sillana, was discovered, while along the coastline three maritime villas were found.
1200:
in 37 BC, including the construction of the new Portus Iulius and its connection with the port of Cumae through the so-called Grotta di Cocceio and the Crypta Romana itself.
762:
extensive public building works and roads were begun and in or near Cumae several road tunnels were dug: one through the Monte di Cumae linking the forum with the port, the
1074:
or "Sullan Aula" south of the forum, decorated with polychrome marble. Water supply to the town was increased by an extension to the town of the great Serino aqueduct, the
5526:
5516:
1982:
593:) and having attained the people's favour he overthrew the aristocratic faction and became a tyrant himself. It was probably at this point that Cumae founded
5400:
740:
493:
1242:
5541:
1445:
placed Cumae's Greek foundation at 1050 BCE; modern archaeology has not yet found the first settlers' graves, but fragments of Greek pottery
5354:
2445:
1975:
5506:
414:
5531:
5491:
4045:
1384:
5536:
5511:
5496:
1968:
1063:
Between the Punic Wars and the adoption of Latin as the official trading language (180 BC) the city walls were restored and a large
5521:
770:
and a third, the "Crypta Romana", 180m long between Lake Lucrino and Lake Averno. The temples of Apollo and Demeter were restored.
1277:
1947:
1856:
276:
1218:
409:
The oldest archaeological finds by Emil Stevens in 1896 date to 900–850 BC and more recent excavations have revealed a
3433:
1342:
921:, destroyed the city and its walls, as the stronghold of a nest of bandits. Its territory was divided and merged into the
718:
allied to the Samnites broke down the walls and took the city, ravaging the countryside. Some survivors fled to Neapolis.
150:
5347:
2438:
1614:
1270:
848:. Misenus was excommunicated on his return but was later rehabilitated and took part as bishop of Cumae in two synods of
829:
5546:
4055:
3745:
3438:
3372:
1485:
926:
539:
The growing power of the Cumaean Greeks led many indigenous tribes of the region to organise against them, notably the
63:
997:
A disaster occurred between 1910 and 1922 when draining of Lake Licola caused part of the necropolis to be destroyed.
3443:
3418:
5501:
5252:
4001:
3428:
3423:
2380:
922:
865:
91:
554:. This coalition was defeated by the Cumaeans in 524 BCE at the first Battle of Cumae under the direction of
3895:
3755:
3750:
3027:
2390:
2305:
352:
in the 8th century BCE. It became a rich Roman city, the remains of which lie near the modern village of Cuma, a
477:
economic power by exploitation of the land and extended their territory at the expense of neighbouring peoples.
5340:
5279:
3920:
3334:
2431:
704:
657:
to Rome in the 5th c. BCE. Also Rome obtained its priestesses who administered the important cult of
590:
480:
The colony thrived and in the 8th century BCE it was already strong enough to send Perieres to found
1330:
1016:
Since 2001 the CNRS has been excavating a necropolis dating from 6th to 1st c. BCE outside the Porta mediana.
627:
Eventually, the dispossessed nobles and their sons were able to take over Cumae in 490 BCE, and executed
5476:
5274:
4831:
4324:
3840:
3760:
3458:
3168:
300:
1877:
Paolo Caputo u. a.: Cuma e il suo Parco Archeologico. Un territorio e le sue testimonianze. Bardi, Roma 1996
5247:
3776:
3230:
1413:
492:
in Achaea, Pausanias was told. Cuma established its dominance over almost the entire Campanian coast up to
1164:
The Arco Felice was a 20 m high monumental entrance to the city built in a cut through Monte Grillo which
4302:
3910:
3786:
3448:
3402:
3357:
3133:
2822:
372:
123:
4841:
1019:
In June 2018 a painted tomb dating to the 2nd century BCE and depicting a banquet scene was discovered.
883:(535–554), when it was repeatedly attacked, as the only fortified city in Campania aside from Neapolis:
5551:
4963:
4836:
3969:
3964:
3940:
3850:
3367:
2465:
2385:
2068:
1712:
1591:
1258:
621:
605:
527:
382:
The archaeological museum of the Campi Flegrei in the Aragonese castle contains many finds from Cumae.
1105:
5321:
5264:
4220:
4023:
4008:
3930:
3865:
3185:
3080:
2554:
2488:
2249:
929:. Some of the citizens from Cumae, including the clergy and the cathedral capitular, took shelter in
910:
A bishopric was established around 450 AD. In 700 it gained territory from the suppressed Diocese of
3832:
3812:
3010:
2668:
1369:
4018:
3981:
3915:
3581:
3468:
2254:
2150:
2128:
2073:
1193:
880:
5445:
1396:
5301:
4425:
4225:
4210:
4013:
3996:
3976:
3945:
3845:
3781:
3397:
3382:
3352:
3313:
3190:
3042:
2544:
2133:
1887:
812:
The first historically documented bishop of Cumae was Adeodatus, a member of a synod convoked by
613:
573:
sent agents to Cumae to purchase grain in anticipation of a siege of Rome. Then in 505 BCE
5450:
5425:
5259:
4262:
4033:
3991:
3925:
3890:
3342:
3326:
3022:
2963:
2812:
2807:
1778:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of The History of Rome; Books Nine to Twenty-Six, by Titus Livius"
1697:
1657:
1637:
1573:
1249:
853:
805:
291:
1819:
5311:
4540:
4530:
4520:
4505:
4195:
3935:
3905:
3860:
3855:
3486:
3453:
3255:
3160:
3146:
2802:
2673:
2637:
2239:
2138:
2113:
2055:
1835:
1804:
1677:
1075:
930:
785:
512:
20:
1777:
558:. The glorious victories of the colony increased its prestige, so much so that according to
4783:
4777:
4763:
4247:
4205:
4177:
4062:
3875:
3105:
2901:
2412:
2320:
2000:
1743:
1442:
628:
601:
574:
555:
401:
8:
5430:
4914:
4884:
4272:
4167:
4162:
3599:
2914:
2827:
2797:
2751:
2514:
2362:
2342:
2210:
2100:
784:
Another very important innovation was the construction of the great Serino aqueduct, the
439:
The Greek settlement was founded in the 8th century BCE by emigrants from cities of
5435:
5131:
5028:
4934:
4578:
4495:
4383:
3885:
3709:
3225:
3205:
3062:
2933:
2817:
2612:
2539:
2271:
2259:
2175:
2160:
1927:
721:
The walls on the acropolis were rebuilt from 343 BCE. Cumae came under Roman rule with
391:
2028:
5486:
5307:
5206:
4793:
4342:
4190:
4142:
3986:
3955:
3900:
3817:
3694:
3566:
3387:
3220:
3173:
3113:
2987:
2969:
2945:
2927:
2882:
2837:
2832:
2483:
2395:
2227:
2198:
2040:
1955:
1852:
1376:
1183:
The arch probably replaced a smaller gate from Greek times and in a higher position.
763:
708:
658:
563:
470:
507:
The colony spread Greek culture in Italy and introduced a dialect of Greek, and the
5380:
5136:
4668:
4633:
4450:
4307:
4185:
4072:
4067:
3392:
3347:
3178:
3085:
2701:
2534:
2519:
2509:
2352:
2264:
2085:
1960:
1764:
1207:
It was brought to light between 1925 and 1931 by the archaeologist Amedeus Maiuri.
975:
732:
684:
559:
508:
489:
337:
229:
879:
Under Roman rule, so-called "quiet Cumae" was peaceful until the disasters of the
868:
after the destruction of Cumae in 1207. Accordingly, Cumae is today listed by the
5481:
5151:
4909:
4697:
4510:
4252:
4118:
4050:
3377:
2975:
2957:
2951:
2865:
2842:
2716:
2627:
2587:
2524:
2046:
1357:
1304:
1197:
1053:
895:
gained possession of Cumae, he found he had won the whole treasury of the Goths.
869:
678:
654:
643:
635:
600:
Further contact between the Romans and the Cumaeans occurred during the reign of
253:
5176:
4889:
841:
803:
The early presence of Christianity in Cumae is shown by the 2nd-century AD work
5395:
5033:
4973:
4968:
4924:
4705:
4653:
4643:
4623:
4613:
4357:
4352:
4347:
3200:
2999:
2993:
2981:
2781:
2756:
2529:
2454:
2310:
2290:
2244:
2013:
1521:
1230:
1000:
918:
849:
845:
833:
821:
817:
697:
520:
243:
225:
673:
5470:
5455:
5269:
5186:
5161:
4851:
4773:
4455:
4398:
4297:
4287:
4257:
4239:
4113:
3265:
3047:
2939:
2895:
2857:
2696:
2617:
2402:
2325:
2283:
1297:
1291:
1173:
1035:
904:
861:
813:
793:
755:
609:
421:
345:
239:
165:
152:
138:
46:
2034:
5086:
5038:
4904:
4758:
4628:
4267:
4103:
3609:
3571:
3270:
2315:
1608:
982:
837:
767:
578:
570:
516:
1902:"Painted tomb discovered in Cumae (Italy) : A banquet frozen in time"
735:, in spite of temptations to revolt from Roman authority, Cumae withstood
5410:
5106:
4998:
4978:
4806:
4314:
4292:
4282:
4277:
4200:
4157:
3704:
3614:
3604:
3491:
3481:
3245:
2622:
2597:
2370:
2347:
2205:
1423:
1094:
1010:
964:
873:
816:
in Rome in 465. Another was Misenus, who was one of the two legates that
5332:
4811:
1931:
1919:
971:
Bishop Louis-Marie-Joseph de Courrèges d’Ustou (1970.09.02 – 1970.12.10)
5405:
5043:
5013:
5008:
4993:
4879:
4846:
4515:
4485:
4152:
3880:
3714:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3526:
3511:
3501:
3476:
2852:
2607:
2562:
1836:
Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604)
1742:
tells the story of Xenocrite, the girl who roused the Cumaeans against
1556:
884:
456:
410:
268:
Direzione Regionale per i Beni Culturali e Paesaggistici della Campania
1505:
Cuma e il suo Parco Archeologico. Un territorio e le sue testimonianze
1156:
1078:, after 20 BCE and paid for by local benefactors, the Lucceii family,
917:
In 1207 it was suppressed when forces from Naples, acting for the boy-
856:
entrusted the administration of the diocese of Cumae to the bishop of
5018:
4944:
4929:
4899:
4894:
4826:
4750:
4735:
4720:
4663:
4563:
4215:
4147:
3719:
3699:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3624:
3619:
3589:
3536:
3496:
3275:
3141:
3095:
3075:
2706:
2577:
2145:
2063:
1418:
1169:
1083:
1070:
The Augustan age saw many fine new buildings in the city such as the
825:
797:
639:
551:
433:
329:
316:
1027:
5375:
5364:
5068:
5058:
5048:
5023:
4801:
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4673:
4588:
4573:
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3729:
3724:
3684:
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3260:
3195:
3123:
2731:
2337:
2300:
2278:
2217:
2155:
2090:
2008:
1992:
1729:
1172:, and allow easier access to Cumae along what was later called the
1165:
1071:
789:
759:
751:
736:
693:
418:
376:
368:
354:
127:
4821:
1901:
714:
The Greek period at Cumae came to an end in 421 BC, when the
5440:
5420:
5415:
5211:
5201:
5146:
5141:
5126:
5116:
5101:
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4683:
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4638:
4603:
4593:
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4535:
4525:
4500:
4465:
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4435:
4088:
3870:
3531:
3521:
3280:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3215:
3210:
3090:
3037:
2746:
2736:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2423:
2375:
2332:
2295:
2118:
2108:
2080:
1956:
GigaCatholic with resiedential.titular incumbenty biography links
1312:
1079:
1064:
857:
778:
774:
727:
662:
586:
582:
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425:
5156:
4470:
1920:"McKAY, A. (1997). THE MONUMENTS OF CUMAE. Vergilius, 43, 78-88"
496:
over the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, gaining sway over
5181:
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4919:
4725:
4618:
4555:
4545:
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2018:
1672:
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1316:
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in the forum as well as several other monuments and buildings.
911:
892:
888:
715:
650:
594:
485:
481:
465:
460:
448:
364:
360:
349:
199:
612:, lived his life in exile with Aristodemus at Cumae after the
5385:
5191:
5166:
5063:
5003:
4988:
4856:
4816:
4568:
4480:
4475:
4445:
4415:
4098:
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3546:
3118:
3070:
2771:
2741:
2688:
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2602:
2572:
2407:
2188:
2123:
1308:
722:
548:
540:
452:
429:
324:
311:
33:
750:
During the civil wars Cumae was one of the strongholds that
5196:
5171:
5121:
4608:
4598:
1821:
Le Chiese d'Italia dalla loro origine sino ai nostri giorni
1692:
1652:
1632:
788:
supplying many of the cities in the area from about 20 BC.
781:, the naval fleet base, also helped the region to prosper.
689:
617:
305:
348:
on the mainland of Italy and was founded by settlers from
1461:
Fox (2008) notes that whether the Euboeans were from the
860:. Later, both Misenum and Cumae ceased to be residential
963:
In 1970, the diocese was nominally restored as a Latin
1711:
1590:
1168:
made in 95 AD to avoid the long detour imposed by the
1093:
After Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, survivors from
1516:
1514:
511:, a variant of which was adapted and modified by the
1990:
1097:
came to Cumae and it became a well prosperous town.
597:(“new city”) in the late 6th century BCE.
562:, it was usual to associate the whole region of the
5527:
Populated places disestablished in the 13th century
5517:Populated places established in the 8th century BC
1511:
1022:
725:and in 338 BCE was granted partial citizenship, a
424:peoples whom the Greeks referred to by the names
5468:
1296:Cumae is perhaps most famous as the seat of the
455:. The Greeks were already established at nearby
2659:
405:The lower city of Cumae seen from the acropolis
1315:, a crater lake near Cumae, and was the route
1120:Capitoline temple of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva
1100:
864:and the territory of Cumae became part of the
824:and who were imprisoned and forced to receive
700:can still be seen in the back of the building.
5348:
2439:
1976:
1619:Delving into History ® _ Periklis Deligiannis
1486:"William J. Slater, Lexicon to Pindar, Κύ̂μα"
1465:colony or freshly arrived is a moot question.
692:at Cumae was converted into a paleochristian
620:records that Aristodemus became the heir of
1806:Cenni storici sulla distrutta città di Cuma
1300:. Her sanctuary is now open to the public.
5355:
5341:
3325:
2446:
2432:
1983:
1969:
1824:, vol. XIX, Venezia 1864, pp. 526–535
1615:"The Battle of Cumae, Italy (524 BC)"
1526:Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer
1160:Arco Felice and via Domitiana in use today
5362:
1082:of the city, who also built an elaborate
19:For other places with the same name, see
5401:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
1452:have been excavated near the city wall.
1155:
1104:
1034:
1026:
999:
840:and other Miaphysites were named in the
703:
683:
672:
668:
400:
344:) was the first ancient Greek colony of
5542:13th-century disestablishments in Italy
1839:, vol. I, Faenza 1927, pp. 206–210
577:led a Cumaean contingent to assist the
469:(founders): Megasthenes of Chalcis and
5469:
4379:
1555:
1502:
5336:
5236:
4378:
3807:
3311:
2658:
2478:
2427:
1964:
1572:
898:
796:provided an important highway to the
777:, the commercial port of Rome and to
463:) and were led to Cumae by the joint
16:Ancient Roman city near Naples, Italy
5507:Buildings and structures in Campania
4847:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
2479:
1728:
1196:for Augustus and designed by Lucius
585:in defeating the Etruscan forces of
5532:8th-century establishments in Italy
1520:
1319:used to descend to the Underworld.
1031:Athena terracotta antefix 6th c. BC
936:
830:Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople
51:The terrace of the Temple of Apollo
13:
3808:
2453:
1671:
1538:
981:Bishop Julio María Elías Montoya,
927:Roman Catholic Diocese of Pozzuoli
739:'s siege, under the leadership of
14:
5563:
5492:Euboean colonies of Magna Graecia
1941:
1851:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
634:The combined fleets of Cumae and
417:’ people, and later dwellings of
5537:1207 disestablishments in Europe
5512:Former populated places in Italy
5497:Archaeological sites in Campania
5316:
5306:
5297:
5296:
2381:Heraion at the mouth of the Sele
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
1691:
1651:
1631:
1395:
1383:
1368:
1356:
1341:
1329:
1269:
1257:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1186:
1039:Doric frieze from temple ~340 BC
923:Roman Catholic Diocese of Aversa
616:and died there in 495 BCE.
97:
90:
69:
62:
45:
5522:Tourist attractions in Campania
5317:
2306:Flavian Amphitheater (Pozzuoli)
1912:
1894:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1842:
1827:
1812:
1797:
1788:
1770:
1758:
1749:
1722:
1705:
1685:
1665:
1645:
1625:
1602:
1113:The visible monuments include:
1023:Development of the ancient city
942:Saint Massenzio (300? – ?)
800:and thence to Rome from 95 AD.
1584:
1566:
1549:
1532:
1496:
1478:
1455:
1436:
1307:, there is an entrance to the
1224:Psyche and Eros, forum 1-2c AD
1151:
988:
967:. The title has been held by:
958:
591:War between Clusium and Aricia
523:, still used worldwide today.
1:
2918:
2905:
2886:
2869:
1809:, Napoli 1846, pp. 37–38
1472:
1446:
488:, and another group to found
98:
70:
4046:Funeral and burial practices
3231:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1888:"Cumes - Centre Jean Bérard"
1414:List of ancient Greek cities
1285:
1210:
608:, the last of the legendary
330:
317:
306:
7:
1407:
1101:Surviving ancient monuments
844:, an event that led to the
547:with the leadership of the
515:and then re‑adapted by the
373:Metropolitan City of Naples
124:Metropolitan City of Naples
10:
5568:
3970:Greek Revival architecture
3312:
1713:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1592:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1336:The walls of the acropolis
1322:
1289:
902:
528:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
389:
385:
325:
312:
295:
34:
18:
5547:National museums of Italy
5371:
5292:
5243:
5237:
5232:
5077:
4954:
4943:
4870:
4792:
4749:
4696:
4554:
4406:
4397:
4393:
4374:
4323:
4238:
4176:
4138:
4131:
4081:
4041:
4032:
3954:
3831:
3827:
3803:
3769:
3738:
3580:
3467:
3411:
3378:Attalid kings of Pergamon
3333:
3324:
3320:
3307:
3186:Antigonid Macedonian army
3159:
3132:
3104:
3061:
3018:
3009:
2851:
2790:
2687:
2683:
2654:
2553:
2502:
2498:
2474:
2461:
2361:
2250:Catacombs of San Gaudioso
2174:
2099:
2054:
2025:
1999:
1276:Colossal Jupiter statue (
978:(1971.12.28 – 1986.08.09)
951:Gregorio (1187? – ?)
638:(on Sicily) defeated the
277:Sito Archeologico di Cuma
272:
264:
259:
249:
235:
221:
213:
205:
194:
189:
181:
144:
134:
118:
56:
44:
31:
5386:Ancient remains of Capua
2255:Catacombs of San Gennaro
2129:Santa Maria Capua Vetere
1991:Archaeological sites in
1849:Annuario Pontificio 2013
1803:Camillo Minieri Riccio,
1738:Regarding virtuous women
1429:
1390:Acropolis seen from west
1109:The Thermae of the Forum
948:Giovanni (1134? – 1141?)
945:Rainaldo (1073? – 1078?)
903:Not to be confused with
832:in a celebration of the
741:Tib. Sempronius Gracchus
566:with Cumaean territory.
396:
5502:Roman sites of Campania
2134:Arch of Hadrian (Capua)
1450: 750-740 BCE
1248:Votive relief 400 BCE (
754:used to defend against
614:Battle of Lake Regillus
432:(whose land was called
5451:Vesuvius National Park
5426:Santa Sofia, Benevento
3412:Artists & scholars
3327:List of ancient Greeks
2964:Second Athenian League
2813:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
2638:Ancient Greek colonies
2413:Villa Romana of Minori
1818:Giuseppe Cappelletti,
1734:De mulierum virturibus
1609:Periklis Deligiannis (
1503:Caputo, Paolo (1996).
1250:Antikensammlung Berlin
1161:
1110:
1040:
1032:
1005:
954:Leone (1207? – ?)
854:Pope Gregory the Great
806:The Shepherd of Hermas
728:civitas sine suffragio
711:
701:
681:
406:
341:
4531:Sybaris on the Traeis
3256:Sacred Band of Thebes
2996:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
2510:Cycladic civilization
2391:Second Temple of Hera
2151:Sant'Angelo in Formis
2139:Amphitheatre of Capua
2056:Province of Benevento
1678:Tusculan Disputations
1578:Description of Greece
1490:www.perseus.tufts.edu
1159:
1108:
1038:
1030:
1003:
707:
687:
676:
669:Oscan and Roman Cumae
404:
166:40.84861°N 14.05361°E
5477:Cumae (ancient city)
4056:mythological figures
3777:Ancient Greek tribes
2902:Peloponnesian League
2321:Macellum of Pozzuoli
2001:Province of Avellino
1908:. 25 September 2018.
1611:Περικλής Δεληγιάννης
1443:Eusebius of Caesarea
1147:Masseria del Gigante
236:Associated with
109:Show map of Campania
4168:Tunnel of Eupalinos
4163:Theatre of Dionysus
3787:Ancient Macedonians
3403:Tyrants of Syracuse
2915:Amphictyonic League
2515:Minoan civilization
2363:Province of Salerno
2343:Castello Barbarossa
2211:Villa of the Papyri
2101:Province of Caserta
1868:Juvenal, Satire III
1833:Francesco Lanzoni,
1621:(personal website).
661:from the temple of
413:settlement of the ‘
162: /
35:Κύμη / Κύμαι / Κύμα
28:
5446:Trinità della Cava
5436:Sorrento Peninsula
4842:Menestheus's Limin
4496:Pandosia (Lucania)
4384:Greek colonisation
3746:Athenian statesmen
3507:Diogenes of Sinope
3368:Kings of Macedonia
3358:Kings of Commagene
3226:Macedonian phalanx
3206:Hellenistic armies
2954:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
2818:Indo-Greek Kingdom
2540:Hellenistic Greece
2272:Macellum of Naples
2260:Crypta Neapolitana
2176:Province of Naples
2161:Trebula Balliensis
1794:Livy, xxiii.35-37.
1507:. Roma, IT: Bardi.
1162:
1111:
1041:
1033:
1006:
899:Diocese of Cuma(e)
891:held it, and when
766:1 km long to
712:
702:
682:
453:Opician settlement
407:
392:Greek colonisation
171:40.84861; 14.05361
78:Shown within Italy
26:
5552:Greek city-states
5464:
5463:
5330:
5329:
5288:
5287:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5219:
4794:Iberian Peninsula
4726:Lipara/Meligounis
4692:
4691:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4343:Cypriot syllabary
4234:
4233:
4143:Athenian Treasury
4127:
4126:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3388:Ptolemaic dynasty
3348:Archons of Athens
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3174:Athenian military
3155:
3154:
2988:League of Corinth
2970:Thessalian League
2946:Chalcidian League
2928:Acarnanian League
2838:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2421:
2420:
2396:Tomb of the Diver
2228:Piscina Mirabilis
2199:Grotta di Cocceio
1857:978-88-209-9070-1
1782:www.gutenberg.org
1613:) (4 June 2014).
1596:Roman Antiquities
1141:Grotta di Cocceio
1126:Temple of Demeter
866:diocese of Aversa
773:The proximity to
764:Grotta di Cocceio
709:Grotta di Cocceio
679:Cave of the Sibyl
653:sent the revered
646:in 474 BCE.
569:At this time the
564:Phlegraean Fields
471:Hippocles of Cyme
304:
285:
284:
81:Show map of Italy
5559:
5381:Amalfi Cathedral
5357:
5350:
5343:
5334:
5333:
5320:
5319:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5234:
5233:
4952:
4951:
4451:Heraclea Lucania
4404:
4403:
4395:
4394:
4376:
4375:
4136:
4135:
4068:Twelve Olympians
4039:
4038:
3829:
3828:
3805:
3804:
3393:Seleucid dynasty
3373:Kings of Paionia
3322:
3321:
3309:
3308:
3179:Scythian archers
3086:Graphe paranomon
3016:
3015:
2923:
2920:
2910:
2907:
2891:
2888:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2685:
2684:
2656:
2655:
2535:Classical Greece
2520:Mycenaean Greece
2500:
2499:
2476:
2475:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2386:Temple of Athena
2353:Villa Boscoreale
2086:Ligures Baebiani
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1948:Official website
1936:
1935:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1846:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1765:Diodorus Siculus
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1482:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1440:
1399:
1387:
1372:
1360:
1345:
1333:
1273:
1261:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1129:Temple of Apollo
976:Edoardo Pecoraio
937:Resident bishops
887:took it in 536,
733:Second Punic War
677:Entrance to the
560:Diodorus Siculus
509:Euboean alphabet
494:Punta Campanella
335:
328:
327:
322:
315:
314:
309:
299:
297:
281:
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
110:
106:Cumae (Campania)
101:
100:
94:
82:
73:
72:
66:
49:
37:
36:
29:
25:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5367:
5361:
5331:
5326:
5284:
5239:
5216:
5079:
5073:
4956:
4947:
4939:
4910:Melaina Korkyra
4866:
4788:
4745:
4698:Aeolian Islands
4688:
4550:
4408:
4389:
4388:
4362:
4319:
4230:
4172:
4123:
4077:
4028:
3950:
3941:Wedding customs
3823:
3822:
3791:
3782:Thracian Greeks
3765:
3756:Olympic victors
3734:
3576:
3463:
3407:
3398:Kings of Sparta
3383:Kings of Pontus
3353:Kings of Athens
3329:
3316:
3295:
3191:Army of Macedon
3151:
3128:
3100:
3057:
3005:
2978:(370–c. 230 BC)
2976:Arcadian League
2960:(c. 400–188 BC)
2958:Aetolian League
2952:Boeotian League
2934:Hellenic League
2921:
2908:
2898:(c. 650–404 BC)
2889:
2883:Italiote League
2876:
2872:
2866:Doric Hexapolis
2856:
2847:
2843:Seleucid Empire
2786:
2679:
2678:
2642:
2549:
2525:Greek Dark Ages
2494:
2493:
2470:
2457:
2452:
2422:
2417:
2357:
2170:
2095:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2023:
1995:
1989:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1847:
1843:
1832:
1828:
1817:
1813:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1727:
1723:
1710:
1706:
1698:Ab urbe condita
1690:
1686:
1670:
1666:
1658:Ab urbe condita
1650:
1646:
1638:Ab urbe condita
1630:
1626:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1589:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1554:
1550:
1537:
1533:
1519:
1512:
1501:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1391:
1388:
1379:
1373:
1364:
1363:Street in Cumae
1361:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1334:
1325:
1305:Roman mythology
1294:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1265:
1262:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1198:Cocceius Auctus
1189:
1154:
1117:Temple of Diana
1103:
1025:
991:
961:
939:
908:
901:
870:Catholic Church
671:
655:Sibylline Books
644:Battle of Cumae
519:and became the
399:
394:
388:
279:
254:Battle of Cumae
209:8th century BCE
198:Colonists from
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
114:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
85:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
75:
74:
52:
40:
38:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5565:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5396:Caserta Palace
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5360:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5337:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5314:
5304:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4949:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4644:Megara Hyblaea
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4624:Hybla Gereatis
4621:
4616:
4614:Heraclea Minoa
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4401:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4380:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4358:Attic numerals
4355:
4353:Greek numerals
4350:
4348:Greek alphabet
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4002:Musical system
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3961:
3959:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
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3789:
3784:
3779:
3773:
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3727:
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3707:
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3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
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3607:
3602:
3597:
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3509:
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3479:
3473:
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3465:
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3461:
3456:
3451:
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3441:
3436:
3434:Mathematicians
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Kings of Argos
3339:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3318:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Cretan archers
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3157:
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3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
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3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3000:Achaean League
2997:
2994:Euboean League
2991:
2985:
2982:Epirote League
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2930:(c. 500–31 BC)
2925:
2912:
2899:
2893:
2880:
2862:
2860:
2858:Confederations
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
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2782:Lissus (Crete)
2779:
2774:
2769:
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2749:
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2590:
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2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2530:Archaic Greece
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:Ancient Greece
2451:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2419:
2418:
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2410:
2405:
2400:
2399:
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2350:
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2340:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2311:Lucrinus Lacus
2308:
2298:
2293:
2291:Palazzo a Mare
2288:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2245:Bourbon Tunnel
2242:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2069:Arch of Trajan
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:Aequum Tuticum
2011:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1943:
1942:External links
1940:
1938:
1937:
1911:
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1375:The Temple of
1374:
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1348:The Temple of
1347:
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1290:Main article:
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919:King of Sicily
907:in Asia Minor.
900:
897:
850:Pope Symmachus
846:Acacian Schism
834:Divine Liturgy
822:Constantinople
818:Pope Felix III
698:baptismal font
688:The Temple of
670:
667:
649:The temple of
537:
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521:Latin alphabet
398:
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390:Main article:
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244:Gaius Blossius
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5483:
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5478:
5475:
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5472:
5457:
5456:Villa Poppaea
5454:
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5444:
5442:
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5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:Landmarks of
5358:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5323:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5305:
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5276:
5273:
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5268:
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4906:
4903:
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4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4822:Hemeroscopion
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4791:
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4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
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4709:
4707:
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4703:
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4695:
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4682:
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4677:
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4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:Magna Graecia
4396:
4392:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
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4309:
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4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Arcadocypriot
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4226:Zeus, Olympia
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:Hera, Olympia
4209:
4207:
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4202:
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4114:Mount Olympus
4112:
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4107:
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4100:
4097:
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4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:Sacred places
4080:
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3906:Olympic Games
3904:
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3896:Homosexuality
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3638:
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3628:
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3611:
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3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3568:
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3553:
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3548:
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3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
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3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
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3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
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3440:
3437:
3435:
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3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
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3396:
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3379:
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3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Seleucid army
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
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3222:
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3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
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3194:
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3187:
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3103:
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3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3001:
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2940:Delian League
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2900:
2897:
2896:Ionian League
2894:
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2877: 560 BC
2867:
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2616:
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2409:
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2403:Pertosa Caves
2401:
2397:
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2326:Portus Julius
2324:
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2309:
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2299:
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2284:Villa Poppaea
2282:
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2266:
2265:Virgil's tomb
2263:
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2074:Roman Theatre
2072:
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2062:
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2048:
2042:
2036:
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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1998:
1994:
1986:
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1974:
1972:
1967:
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1957:
1954:
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1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:www.jstor.org
1921:
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1310:
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1301:
1299:
1298:Cumaean Sibyl
1293:
1292:Cumaean Sibyl
1279:
1278:Naples museum
1272:
1267:
1260:
1255:
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1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1220:
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1199:
1195:
1187:Crypta Romana
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:via Domitiana
1171:
1167:
1158:
1146:
1144:Crypta Romana
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:The Acropolis
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
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1004:Crypta Romana
1002:
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905:Cuma (Aeolis)
896:
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890:
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867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:Pope Hilarius
810:
808:
807:
801:
799:
795:
794:via Domitiana
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
771:
769:
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756:Sextus Pompey
753:
748:
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742:
738:
734:
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724:
719:
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632:
630:
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623:
619:
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611:
610:Kings of Rome
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
550:
546:
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531:
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526:According to
524:
522:
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510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
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472:
468:
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451:, next to an
450:
446:
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437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
416:
412:
403:
393:
383:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
362:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:Magna Graecia
343:
339:
334:
333:
321:
320:
308:
302:
293:
292:Ancient Greek
289:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
241:
240:Cumaean Sibyl
238:
234:
231:
230:High Medieval
227:
226:Archaic Greek
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
188:
184:
180:
175:
147:
143:
140:
139:Magna Graecia
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
93:
65:
55:
48:
43:
30:
22:
5390:
5117:Dionysopolis
5087:Abonoteichos
5039:Pantikapaion
4629:Hybla Heraea
4440:
3965:Architecture
3921:Prostitution
3610:Aristophanes
3469:Philosophers
3439:Philosophers
3271:Spartan army
3002:(280–146 BC)
2990:(338–322 BC)
2984:(370–168 BC)
2972:(374–196 BC)
2966:(378–355 BC)
2948:(430–348 BC)
2942:(478–404 BC)
2936:(499–449 BC)
2623:Peloponnesus
2545:Roman Greece
2316:Lake Avernus
2240:Aqua Augusta
2193:
1951:(in Italian)
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1760:
1751:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1707:
1696:
1687:
1676:
1667:
1656:
1647:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1560:
1551:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1504:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1457:
1438:
1402:Amphitheater
1302:
1295:
1206:
1202:
1190:
1182:
1179:
1163:
1112:
1092:
1088:
1076:Aqua Augusta
1069:
1062:
1058:
1054:Sibyl's cave
1050:
1046:
1042:
1018:
1015:
1007:
996:
992:
962:
916:
909:
878:
838:Peter Mongus
811:
804:
802:
786:Aqua Augusta
783:
772:
768:Lake Avernus
749:
745:
726:
720:
713:
648:
633:
626:
599:
571:Roman senate
568:
538:
525:
506:
479:
475:
464:
438:
408:
381:
359:
353:
331:
318:
287:
286:
280:(in Italian)
5411:Herculaneum
5265:Place names
5177:Salmydessus
4999:Kalos Limen
4979:Chersonesus
4969:Borysthenes
4674:Tauromenion
4486:Metapontion
4248:Proto-Greek
4201:Erechtheion
4196:Athena Nike
4158:Philippeion
3987:Mathematics
3958:and science
3841:Agriculture
3705:Stesichorus
3615:Bacchylides
3605:Archilochus
3492:Antisthenes
3482:Anaximander
3454:Seven Sages
3444:Playwrights
3424:Geographers
3419:Astronomers
3246:Pezhetairos
2873: 1100
2853:Federations
2752:Megalopolis
2689:City states
2664:City states
2371:Monte Pruno
2348:Villa Jovis
2206:Herculaneum
1755:Livy, iv.44
1744:Aristodemus
1580:. vii.22.6.
1424:Fusaro Lake
1311:located at
1152:Arco Felice
1135:Arco Felice
1095:Herculaneum
1011:tholos tomb
989:Archaeology
974:Archbishop
965:titular see
959:Titular see
881:Gothic Wars
874:titular see
629:Aristodemus
602:Aristodemus
575:Aristodemus
556:Aristodemus
415:pit-culture
169: /
145:Coordinates
5471:Categories
5406:Faraglioni
5167:Polemonion
5044:Phanagoria
5014:Kimmerikon
5009:Kerkinitis
4994:Hermonassa
4984:Dioscurias
4880:Aspalathos
4827:Kalathousa
4802:Akra Leuke
4731:Phoenicusa
4516:Scylletium
4501:Poseidonia
4421:Brentesion
4308:Pamphylian
4303:Macedonian
4221:Samothrace
4206:Hephaestus
4153:Long Walls
4132:Structures
4073:Underworld
4019:Technology
3982:Literature
3916:Philosophy
3881:Euergetism
3770:By culture
3715:Thucydides
3557:Pythagoras
3552:Protagoras
3542:Parmenides
3527:Heraclitus
3512:Empedocles
3502:Democritus
3487:Anaximenes
3477:Anaxagoras
3429:Historians
2922: 595
2909: 550
2890: 800
2875: – c.
2803:Cappadocia
2608:Ionian Sea
2598:Hellespont
2563:Aegean Sea
1767:, xii. 76.
1740:]. 26.
1557:Thucydides
1473:References
1309:underworld
885:Belisarius
665:in Cumae.
622:Tarquinius
606:Tarquinius
589:(see also
457:Pithecusae
411:Bronze Age
265:Management
260:Site notes
185:Settlement
154:40°50′55″N
5431:Solfatara
5253:in Epirus
5202:Trapezous
5147:Mesambria
5132:Eupatoria
5102:Apollonia
5097:Anchialos
5059:Theodosia
5029:Nymphaion
5019:Myrmekion
4989:Gorgippia
4945:Black Sea
4930:Tragurion
4915:Nymphaion
4900:Epidauros
4895:Epidamnos
4885:Apollonia
4862:Zacynthos
4784:Ptolemais
4778:Apollonia
4751:Cyrenaica
4741:Therassía
4736:Strongyle
4716:Ereikousa
4639:Leontinoi
4579:Apollonia
4456:Hipponion
4253:Mycenaean
4216:Parthenon
4148:Lion Gate
4051:Mythology
4014:Sculpture
3977:Astronomy
3911:Pederasty
3886:Festivals
3871:Education
3751:Lawgivers
3720:Timocreon
3700:Sophocles
3695:Simonides
3670:Philocles
3665:Panyassis
3660:Mimnermus
3625:Herodotus
3620:Euripides
3590:Aeschylus
3537:Leucippus
3497:Aristotle
3276:Strategos
3142:Synedrion
3096:Ostracism
3076:Areopagus
3028:Free city
2823:Macedonia
2707:Byzantion
2613:Macedonia
2578:Cyrenaica
2555:Geography
2489:Geography
2146:Casilinum
2064:Benevento
1859:), p. 877
1681:. iii.27.
1598:. VII, 2.
1574:Pausanias
1522:Fox, R.L.
1419:Graecians
1286:Mythology
1211:Sculpture
1170:via Appia
1138:The Forum
1084:nymphaeum
931:Giugliano
836:in which
826:Communion
798:via Appia
731:. In the
640:Etruscans
552:Etruscans
513:Etruscans
379:, Italy.
301:romanized
214:Abandoned
157:14°3′13″E
5487:Pozzuoli
5376:Aeclanum
5365:Campania
5302:Category
5280:Theatres
5207:Tripolis
5142:Kerasous
5137:Heraclea
5069:Tyritake
5024:Nikonion
4935:Thronion
4857:Salauris
4812:Emporion
4769:Berenice
4759:Balagrae
4711:Euonymos
4684:Tyndaris
4669:Syracuse
4664:Selinous
4634:Kamarina
4589:Casmenae
4574:Akrillai
4491:Neápolis
4426:Caulonia
4407:Mainland
4338:Linear B
4333:Linear A
4263:Dialects
4240:Language
4034:Religion
3992:Medicine
3926:Religion
3891:Folklore
3876:Emporium
3851:Clothing
3846:Calendar
3730:Xenophon
3725:Tyrtaeus
3710:Theognis
3685:Polybius
3680:Plutarch
3655:Menander
3635:Hipponax
3562:Socrates
3517:Epicurus
3363:Diadochi
3261:Sciritae
3221:Hetairoi
3196:Ballista
3161:Military
3124:Gerousia
3114:Ekklesia
3081:Ecclesia
3063:Athenian
3011:Politics
2924:–279 BC)
2911:–366 BC)
2892:–389 BC)
2828:Pergamon
2798:Bithynia
2791:Kingdoms
2732:Pergamon
2674:Military
2669:Politics
2466:Timeline
2338:Suessula
2301:Pozzuoli
2279:Oplontis
2218:Liternum
2156:Sinuessa
2091:Saticula
2009:Aeclanum
1993:Campania
1932:41587083
1730:Plutarch
1718:. vii.3.
1661:. ii.21.
1524:(2008).
1408:See also
1166:Domitian
1080:praetors
1072:basilica
842:diptychs
820:sent to
790:Domitian
760:Augustus
758:. Under
752:Octavian
737:Hannibal
694:basilica
636:Syracuse
595:Neapolis
581:city of
535:Misenum.
459:(modern
419:Iron Age
377:Campania
369:Pozzuoli
355:frazione
128:Campania
119:Location
5441:Stabiae
5421:Pompeii
5416:Paestum
5322:Outline
5275:Temples
5212:Zaliche
5192:Thèrmae
5182:Sesamus
5152:Odessos
5127:Cytorus
5122:Cotyora
4872:Illyria
4837:Mainake
4832:Kypsela
4721:Hycesia
4679:Thermae
4659:Segesta
4649:Messana
4604:Helorus
4584:Calacte
4564:Akragas
4526:Sybaris
4511:Rhegion
4466:Krimisa
4416:Alision
4325:Writing
4298:Locrian
4288:Epirote
4258:Homeric
4191:Artemis
4178:Temples
4119:Olympia
4089:Eleusis
4024:Theatre
4009:Pottery
3936:Warfare
3931:Slavery
3866:Economy
3861:Cuisine
3856:Coinage
3833:Society
3818:Culture
3813:Society
3761:Tyrants
3600:Alcaeus
3582:Authors
3532:Hypatia
3522:Gorgias
3459:Writers
3281:Toxotai
3251:Sarissa
3241:Peltast
3236:Phalanx
3216:Hoplite
3211:Hippeis
3134:Macedon
3106:Spartan
3091:Heliaia
3038:Proxeny
2747:Larissa
2742:Kerkyra
2737:Eretria
2727:Miletus
2722:Ephesus
2717:Corinth
2712:Chalcis
2633:Taurica
2503:Periods
2484:History
2376:Paestum
2333:Stabiae
2296:Pompeii
2119:Calatia
2109:Allifae
2081:Caudium
1701:. 2:34.
1562:. 4, 4.
1463:Ischian
1323:Gallery
1313:Avernus
1194:Agrippa
1065:stadium
858:Misenum
779:Misenum
775:Puteoli
663:Demeter
642:at the
587:Clusium
545:Aurunci
502:Misenum
498:Puteoli
490:Tritaea
466:oecists
445:Chalcis
441:Eretria
426:Ausones
386:History
371:in the
358:of the
338:Italian
319:(Kumai)
303::
273:Website
222:Periods
217:1207 AD
206:Founded
195:Builder
190:History
130:, Italy
5482:Bacoli
5312:Portal
5260:People
5248:Cities
5187:Sinope
5172:Rhizos
5162:Phasis
5112:Bathus
5107:Athina
5092:Amisos
5054:Tanais
5049:Pityus
4974:Charax
4925:Pharos
4920:Orikon
4817:Helike
4807:Alonis
4774:Cyrene
4706:Didyme
4619:Himera
4594:Catana
4556:Sicily
4546:Thurii
4541:Terina
4506:Pixous
4461:Hydrus
4436:Croton
4268:Aeolic
4186:Aphaea
4109:Dodona
4094:Delphi
4063:Temple
3739:Others
3690:Sappho
3675:Pindar
3650:Lucian
3645:Ibycus
3630:Hesiod
3567:Thales
3335:Rulers
3314:People
3291:Xyston
3286:Xiphos
3147:Koinon
3053:Tyrant
3043:Stasis
3033:Koinon
2833:Pontus
2808:Epirus
2777:Sparta
2767:Rhodes
2762:Megara
2757:Thebes
2702:Athens
2628:Pontus
2593:Epirus
2583:Cyprus
2568:Aeolis
2235:Naples
2223:Miseno
2184:Atella
2166:Vescia
2114:Ausona
2019:Compsa
1930:
1855:
1673:Cicero
1641:. 2.9.
1545:. v.4.
1540:Strabo
1350:Apollo
1317:Aeneas
983:O.F.M.
912:Miseno
893:Narses
889:Totila
716:Oscans
696:. The
651:Apollo
583:Aricia
549:Capuan
517:Romans
486:Sicily
482:Zancle
461:Ischia
449:Euboea
434:Opicia
422:Italic
365:Bacoli
361:comune
350:Euboea
332:(Kuma)
307:(Kumē)
250:Events
200:Euboea
135:Region
122:Cuma,
5391:Cumae
5270:Stoae
5238:Lists
5157:Oinòe
5080:coast
5078:South
5064:Tyras
5034:Olbia
5004:Kepoi
4957:coast
4955:North
4948:basin
4890:Aulon
4852:Rhode
4764:Barca
4654:Naxos
4609:Henna
4569:Akrai
4536:Taras
4521:Siris
4481:Medma
4476:Locri
4441:Cumae
4431:Chone
4409:Italy
4315:Koine
4293:Ionic
4283:Doric
4278:Attic
4099:Delos
3997:Music
3640:Homer
3595:Aesop
3547:Plato
3449:Poets
3119:Ephor
3071:Agora
3048:Tagus
3023:Boule
2772:Samos
2697:Argos
2603:Ionia
2588:Doris
2573:Crete
2408:Velia
2194:Cumae
2189:Baiae
2124:Cales
1928:JSTOR
1736:[
1430:Notes
1377:Diana
1264:Nymph
1236:Diana
872:as a
828:with
723:Capua
659:Ceres
579:Latin
541:Dauni
430:Opici
397:Early
313:Κύμαι
288:Cumae
27:Cumae
5197:Tium
4964:Akra
4905:Issa
4599:Gela
4471:Laüs
4446:Elea
4104:Dion
3956:Arts
3946:Wine
3572:Zeno
3169:Wars
1906:CNRS
1853:ISBN
1693:Livy
1653:Livy
1633:Livy
1052:the
925:and
862:sees
690:Zeus
618:Livy
543:and
500:and
443:and
428:and
367:and
342:Cuma
326:Κύμα
296:Κύμη
182:Type
39:Cuma
21:Cuma
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