425:, had a growing concern over the rights of those accused and the testimonies used to condemn them, particularly as the testimonies were given by children who were merely asked to confirm their former statement rather than to repeat them. On 11 September 1676, one of the child witnesses admitted to have lied in court. This confession was followed by the complete breakdown of all the child witnesses before court, who admitted to having lied and who were instead charged with perjury. As a consequence, the Witchcraft Commission immediately order a stop of the witch hunt nationwide, and started to issue investigation in how the witch hysteria could be effectively stopped.
28:
240:, Norrköping 1617, northern Värmland 1603–07 and Vassunda 1603. Because of the large number of accused people in northern Värmland, it seems to have come close to the same amount of trials as in Östergötland, but because the court ruling is lacking, the consequences of these trials are basically unknown. However, in a preserved document, it is stated that a man named Mats in Olaby was sentenced according to the law of
191:, where sorcery was condemned by death, was personally in favor of being strict toward sorcery. In 1607, Charles IX condemned a woman to be burned after she was accused of sucking all the power and blood of her son through a magician. The magician was also prosecuted on orders from the king, but there are no known documents to prove how he was prosecuted. It is also the only known accusation of
129:(literally:"Twelve Men's Oath'). However, the trial did not take place until 1563, when Hansson's heirs brought it to the king's high council. The woman was then offered to go through the previously proposed oath, with the condition that if she could not, she would be sentenced as guilty, this meant she would be sentenced to pay fines "by Sweden's law".
505:, who visited the province of the witch trial, informed the authorities in the capital that a witch trial was taking place in the province, the central authorities immediately ordered the trial to be stopped, and the accused were freed and given monetary compensation for the torture they had been forced to endure.
384:
in Ă…ngermanland, 71 people; of which 65 women (every fifth woman in TorsĂĄkers parish), 2 men and 4 boys, were beheaded and then burned on the stake on June 1, 1675. According to some sources, 9 people were executed already on March 28 and the remaining 62 on June 1, 1675, on a mountain in the border
259:
The first wave of trials in Sweden, which occurred between the 1590s and 1610s (which was also the most intensive time period in Europe), stopped in the 1620s, and for the following forty years, death penalty for witchcraft was a rare sentence in Sweden. These first witch-trials were few compared to
183:
in the capital of
Stockholm, which also included descriptions of witchcraft of the kind it was by then becoming the modern one on the continent. However, the old Swedish sorcery law was not made to deal with witchcraft cases in the manner they were performed in the nearby Germany, and death sentences
34:
At the bottom, devils and witches. Above, women and children are being interrogated and are given testimony. A prisoner drives a flock of imprisoned witches and wizards. Around the bonfire where the convicted burn, witches are seen carrying children on brooms, goats and debris, while demons in animal
203:
In 1608, Sweden was given a modern
Witchcraft Act. It replaced the old law, where sorcery was only punishable if combined with murder, and introduced the death penalty for all forms of sorcery, based on the Bible's writings: "Thou shalt not let a sorceress live." This law was the beginning of the
488:
resulted in several people sentenced guilty of witchcraft, but they were not executed. This witch trial was first handled by the local court. When the high court was made aware of it, they took control over it in order to stop it. They restricted themselves to sentence only those who had themselves
368:
were, from that point on, legal to use to make them confess (torture had been commonly used before but without legal permission). The commission was divided into two departments under the supervision of
Governor Carl Larsson Sparre, who preserved to right to confirm all sentences before they could
346:
in
Dalarna in 1668, where 17 people were sentenced to death for having abducted children to Satan. The children who were supposed victims and witnesses were punished as well (not for having witnessed, but of having been to Satan and participated in the Sabbath, albeit by being kidnapped) - in Mora,
441:
was reluctant to confirm death sentences for witchcraft reported to them by local courts after 1676. While witchcraft cases occasionally appeared in the late 17th and early 18th century, they were few and isolated, and guilty verdicts of local courts were normally commuted to lesser punishment or
289:
had admitted that they had traveled to BlĂĄkulla and used magic tricks to milk other cows and were sentenced to death according to the 1608 law. When the High Court, which gave the sentence for decapitation and later being burned at a bonfire, referred the case to
Christina, she approved the death
263:
While the witch trials became more common in Sweden in the first half of the 17th century, they seldom resulted in death sentences. Prior to 1668, the most common outcome for someone accused for sorcery in Sweden was for the accused to be released or given a penalty other than death penalty. For
428:
In 1677, the
Witchcraft Commission and the government ordered the clergy nationwide to stop all witch panic by conducting a prayer of gratitude in their pulpits, thanking God that the witches had now been banned forever from the Kingdom. When some of the clergymen protested and insisted that the
359:
of Satan of
Blockula, where they were exposed to sexual abuse and forced to sell their souls, caused widespread panic among the parents of the nation, and parents of several parishes, alarmed by the rumours among their children, started to demand that the authorities issue investigations in their
363:
Eventually, the witch panic spreading around the provinces and the growing number of local witch trials caused the government to form a central national
Witchcraft Commission in an attempt to take control of the situation. The rules of the Witchcraft Commission was issued by the king in 1673 and
472:
or idolatry, having worshipped a Pagan god. However, the
Christian church regarded Pagan gods to be demons and worshipping them to be Satanism, which enabled an execution by use of the still existing witchcraft act. While the witchcraft act was used to enable these executions, they were in fact
260:
the large hysteria that would come to be in the 1660s and 70s. In 1635 the parliament, whose task it was to confirm the death sentences handed down by the local courts, expressed a relief that there had been very few cases of witch trials reported to them for a period of several years past.
354:
The witch trial of Mora attracted attention and caused a hysteria in the country. The witch hunt of 1668-1676 was endemic to its nature: it spread as rumours by way of mouth from parish to parish rather than being confined to one place. The phenomena of witches abducting children to the
500:
and forced to confess. This trial was conducted by the local church by approval of the local governor. However, while formally legal, as the
Witchcraft Act had never been abolished, witch trials were in practice considered a defunct phenomena in Sweden by this point. When countess
43:
compared to other countries in Europe. In Sweden, about four hundred people were executed for witchcraft prior to the last case in 1704. Most of these cases (circa 280) occurred during a short but intense period; the eight years between 1668 and 1676, when the witch hysteria called
156:, intended to root out anything not in accordance with Protestant practices, resulted in a wave of about 140 witch trials, especially in Götaland; however, they did not result in the death penalty but rather to fines, pillorying, whippings and other disciplinarian punishments.
132:
In 1571, the priests of the country were ordered to pay attention to all signs of witchcraft in the communities, and the following year a provision was introduced to exclude those who engaged in witchcraft from the congregation. Several such cases are said to take place in
224:
of 1617. There were likely several more who were accused and convicted during the witch hunt of the 1610s, but the number of cases and executions are badly documented as most of the contemporary documentation has been lost. In 1619, two "witches" were imprisoned in
1683:
429:
witches had indeed been guilty and the sorcery real, they were lectured by the Witchcraft Commission and forced to comply. By that act, the great witch hunt known as the Great Noise of 1668-1676 was ended in Sweden and the Witchcraft Commission was dissolved.
272:
books of upper district law, most of whom did not result in a death penalty. Indeed, the most serious trial in Dalarna before 1668 is considered to be the case of HĂĄll Karin in 1663, which resulted in banishment from the area instead of death penalty.
294:
was also sentenced to death for killing cattle with magic. It is considered the last death sentence for witchcraft in Sweden before 1668. Prior to 1668, a little under a hundred executions for witchcraft are estimated to have occurred in Sweden.
311:(literally: "the Great Noise") resulted in almost three hundred executions (more than any period prior), during the eight years until 1676, when they were stopped. They took place mainly on Northern Sweden and in the former Danish province of
364:
1674. The 1673 regulation stated that only those accused who confessed willingly and who had played a leading role were legal to execute. The revised rules of 1674 stated that people could be executed even if they had not confessed, but that
489:
confessed. The court referred to them as fools, who confessed themselves guilty because of insane dreams influenced by stories about the Great Noise fifty years prior, and sentenced them to be whipped and banished from their parish.
211:
took place, in which the deadly outcome was likely affected by the new laws, as she had been accused but acquitted before. During the 1610s, the first real witch hunt in Sweden resulting in death sentences took place in the Duchy of
420:
The witch trials of the Katarina Parish in Stockholm were, however, to be the end of the whole Swedish witch hunt. During the proceedings in Stockholm, several members of the Witchcraft Commission, notably Eric Noraeus and
280:
reign. In 1648 the high profiled case of Olof MĂĄnsson was commuted from a death sentence to a disciplinarian punishment. In the winter of 1649 the queen ordered the witch trial in the Swedish province of
1891:
184:
could not be issued in these cases because the law did not allow for death penalty for consorting with the Devil, which illustrate the difficulty for authorities to deal with this new phenomenon.
1821:
1841:
756:
2089:
1866:
268:
during 1631–1667, the vast majority received a mild punishment such as banishment or fines. 16 witchcraft trials (5 against men, 11 against women), were held in 1630–1671 according to
285:
in Germany be stopped so it wouldn't develop into a mass trial. However, while rare, the death penalty did occur in witchcraft trials during this time. In 1650, two old women from
2104:
2056:
1953:
207:
In 1611, a woman called Karin of Ă–ckleqvarna was subjected to the water test, by royal command, the result of her prosecution is however lost. The same year, the famous case of
2061:
1913:
48:("The Great Noise") took place, causing a large number of witch trials in the country. It is this infamous period of intensive witch hunt that is most well known and explored.
2066:
1983:
1943:
1903:
1806:
2094:
2114:
2099:
2046:
1826:
2084:
2023:
1973:
1933:
1811:
1796:
1791:
1786:
220:. Lussi from Svarttorp in Hällestad confessed that she had attended the Witche's Sabbath in Blåkulla and had sex with Satan, and seven women were executed in the
2109:
2051:
2018:
1988:
1938:
1876:
1836:
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in 1714 both ended in acquittals. In 1711 a Baron LĂĽtsow, and in 1718 the Uppsala student Daniel Salthenius were both sentenced to death for having made a
264:
example, out of the 14 people (3 men and 11 women) who were charged for sorcery (3 for witchcraft, 7 for harming humans or animals) in the province of
360:
parishes. In this way, witch trials spread from parish to parish, when more and more parents demanded that their children's stories be investigated.
98:
in 1527 to 1596, there were about 100 witch trials in Sweden, which may have resulted in ten deaths in total. These trials mainly took place in
778:
764:
121:
ordered those suspected of the murder of his secretary Clemens Hansson by use of poison and sorcery to be arrested, prosecuted, imprisoned and
1627:
1540:
699:
Ankarloo, Bengt, Satans raseri: en sannfärdig berättelse om det stora häxoväsendet i Sverige och omgivande länder, Ordfront, Stockholm, 2007
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Ankarloo, Bengt, Satans raseri: en sannfärdig berättelse om det stora häxoväsendet i Sverige och omgivande länder, Ordfront, Stockholm, 2007
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2135:
927:
917:
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1423:
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1763:
805:
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The death sentences of a witch trial in Vendel in 1687 were all repealed by the Svea Court of Appeal, and the witch trials of
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legally be carried out. All the condemned were executed by decapitation, after which their remains were burned at the stake.
1075:
848:
125:, but it appears his demands were not met. One of these women was offered by the court to swear herself free by a so-called
1263:
667:
Alf Åberg (1989). Häxorna.De stora trolldomsprocesserna i Sverige 1668-1676. Göteborg: Novum Grafiska AB. ISBN 91-24-16385-6
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734:Åberg, Alf, Häxorna: de stora trolldomsprocesserna i Sverige 1668–1676, Esselte studium/Akademiförl., Göteborg, 1989
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city's notebook in 1471, when Karin and Birgitta Andersdotter were accused of witchcraft. Another one, the case of
2150:
853:
64:), but there are no confirmed case that anyone was actually executed for sorcery in Sweden during the Middle Ages.
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In the Middle Ages, sorcery was not considered a serious crime. Sorcery was criminalized in Sweden–Finland in the
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2165:
1948:
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413:, Anna Måndotter, Anna Persdotter Lärka, Maria Jöransdotter, Margareta Matsdotter, Anna Simonsdotter Hack and
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was decapitated as the last person executed for witchcraft in Sweden. In 1724, the Södra Ny witch trial of
1611:
1058:
911:
833:
1240:
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Sund, Bill (2016-11-21), "Elit och bredd. Makten i Metall och Svenska Fotbollförbundet sedan 1950-talet",
2013:
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area between Torsåkers, Dals and Ytterlännäs parishes. In June 1675 the hysteria reached the capital of
67:
There are a few sorcery cases where the outcome is unknown (but was probably fines), such as a case from
17:
1923:
1756:
1635:
1482:
1163:
1023:
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In the 16th century, the law was beginning to be interpreted more strictly. During the period from the
743:
Wikman, Sture; Häxorna på Näset i essäsamlingen Häxor, schamaner och en yverboren; Tidens förlag 1992.
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141:, and later in 1607-1610 a series of additional cases were brought up, which was submitted to King
1292:
1268:
1133:
381:
236:
Other lesser-known early trials where several were convicted at the same time, including those in
79:(viewed by the Christian church as a demon), could be categorized as a witch trial, but also as a
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1881:
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became the first woman in Sweden confirmed to have been executed for witchcraft. In 1551, king
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after having testified in his own mothers witch trial. Eight women were executed during the
204:
real witch hunt in Sweden, and the period of the 1610s did see the first Swedish witch hunt.
171:, which were among the earliest cases were women in Sweden were accused of having attended a
1274:
1458:
1257:
1139:
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of 1350, which stated death penalty for sorcery only if it had been combined with murder (
8:
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because she confessed that she had been in BlĂĄkulla once and had intercourse with Satan.
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King Charles IX however, being a Protestant reformer with knowledge of the words of the
1523:
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152:' visitation journey through the country in 1596–97, in effect the final stage of the
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to be burned. In 1633, "Olof Fets' wife" was sentenced to be beheaded and burned in
213:
303:
The largest and most famous Swedish witch hunt took off in 1668 during the reign of
208:
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864:
604:
481:
414:
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1723:
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Skrifter. Bd 13, Häxornas Europa 1400-1700: historiska och antropologiska studier
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Treatises on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
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The worst phase occurred in 1675, when about 110 were executed in
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In 1779, the death penalty for witchcraft was finally abolished.
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While the Witchcraft Act of 1608 was still legally in force, the
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323:
265:
241:
192:
122:
457:, but in both cases the sentenced was commuted to imprisonment.
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783:
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Theodor Norlin: Svenska kyrkans historia, volym 1, Gleerup,1864
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from 1492, who was executed for consorting with the Pagan god
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It is dubious whether the 1693 trial against the Sami shaman
188:
180:
168:
35:
debris tumble into the air.German copper engraving from 1670.
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Kunskapens tider. Historiska perspektiv på kunskapssamhället
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Carl Grimberg: Svenska Folkets underbara öden IV. 1660-1707
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76:
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The witch hunt started when Lars Elvius, church pastor in
761:
Extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds
550:"The Swedish Witch Trials: How to Confront Dark Heritage"
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rather a part of the persecutions of idolatry during the
393:, who arrived to the capital from the provincial town of
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
728:
Konung Gustaf den förstes registratur, vol. 22, s. 31 f
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were accused of flying over "mountains and valleys" to
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Jan Guillou, Häxornas försvarare, Piratförlaget 2002 (
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two centuries prior, he was in actuality executed for
137:
during this time. In 1575, two women were executed in
523:
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The last witch trial in Sweden took place in Ă…hl in
417:, the last one of whom was, uniquely, burned alive.
663:
661:
659:
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655:
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464:should be categorized as a witch trial. Similar to
683:De svenska häxprocessernas utbrottsskede 1668-1671
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641:
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347:148 children were sentenced with being whipped or
2127:
573:Ankarloo, Bengt & Henningsen, Gustav (ed.),
52:The first wave: Swedish witch trials before 1668
626:
496:in 1757, were several people were subjected to
1541:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
603:, Stockholm University Press, pp. 80–95,
548:Tiderman-Ă–sterberg, Jennie (25 October 2021).
1757:
1628:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
799:
754:
145:, where torture occurred in several of them.
389:in the form of the migrating child witness
338:of Satan in Blockula. This expanded in to
1771:
1764:
1750:
806:
792:
577:. Stockholm: Nerenius & Santérus, 1987
608:
442:repealed altogether by the high courts.
326:, interrogates the little shepherd girl
290:sentence. In 1653, a woman from Lit in
26:
1424:Witch trials in the Spanish Netherlands
14:
2128:
1745:
1076:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
849:Witch trials in early modern Scotland
787:
229:for having intercourse with Satan in
928:Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1661–62
918:Great Scottish witch hunt of 1649–50
685:. Stockholm: Akademitryck AB. 1990.
598:
276:Witch trials hardly occurred during
1729:Witchcraft Act 1735 (Great Britain)
1447:Amersfoort and Utrecht witch trials
475:Christianization of the Sámi people
24:
1588:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
1186:Witch trials in Estonia and Latvia
829:Witchcraft in early modern Britain
748:
218:Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden
25:
2187:
883:Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1597
772:
175:. Notable cases were those with
2136:1704 disestablishments in Sweden
854:Witchcraft in early modern Wales
813:
503:Cathérine Charlotte De la Gardie
195:in the Swedish witch processes.
167:where they had intercourse with
1419:Witch trials in the Netherlands
1110:Pappenheimer family witch trial
674:
334:for having abducted her to the
86:This law was valid until 1608.
1572:Summis desiderantes affectibus
1365:Navarre witch trials (1525–26)
1264:Vardø witch trials (1651–1653)
757:"The Witch Mania, section VII"
704:Trolldomsprocesserna i Sverige
592:
580:
541:
299:The "Great noise" of 1668–1676
39:Sweden was a country with few
13:
1:
990:Northern Moravia witch trials
894:Northamptonshire witch trials
511:
89:
1707:accusations against children
1612:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
1059:Trial of the Wizards of Lyon
912:Bury St Edmunds witch trials
834:Channel Islands Witch Trials
516:
198:
32:The witch processes in Mora.
7:
2156:Political history of Sweden
1029:Aix-en-Provence possessions
307:, when the hysteria called
10:
2192:
1636:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
1483:Liechtenstein witch trials
1164:Witch trial of Fuersteneck
1024:Labourd witch-hunt of 1609
877:North Berwick witch trials
432:
2075:
2037:
1779:
1694:
1668:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
1533:
1492:
1409:
1353:Val Camonica witch trials
1333:Witch trials in Catalonia
1320:
1241:Vardø witch trials (1621)
1173:
1068:
1011:
984:Kasina Wielka witch trial
966:
923:Alloa witch trials (1658)
821:
2161:Social history of Sweden
1676:The Discovery of Witches
1548:Directorium Inquisitorum
1518:Witch trials in New York
1506:Connecticut Witch Trials
1500:Witch trials in Virginia
1338:Witch trials in Portugal
1152:Mergentheim witch trials
1146:Baden-Baden witch trials
914:(1645, 1662, 1655, 1694)
159:In 1597, three women in
2151:Legal history of Sweden
1773:Witch trials in Europe
1604:De praestigiis daemonum
1556:De maleficis mulieribus
1453:Bredevoort witch trials
1400:Witch trial of Nogaredo
1281:Kastelholm witch trials
1217:Copenhagen witch trials
1196:Witch trials in Iceland
1191:Witch trials in Finland
1181:Witch trials in Denmark
1098:Rottenburg witch trials
1092:Wiesensteig witch trial
974:Witch trials in Hungary
957:Islandmagee witch trial
839:Witch trials in England
2176:17th century in Sweden
2171:16th century in Sweden
2166:Witch trials in Sweden
1822:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1660:Compendium Maleficarum
1652:Magical Investigations
1543:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
1359:Mirandola witch trials
1343:Witch trials in Sicily
1206:Witch trials in Sweden
1201:Witch trials in Norway
1158:Esslingen witch trials
1128:Eichstätt witch trials
1086:Derenburg witch trials
1019:Witch trials in France
979:Witch trials in Poland
755:Carles Mackay (1841).
405:in Stockholm in 1676:
36:
2146:Early modern politics
1719:Werewolf witch trials
1512:Maryland Witch Trials
1477:Salzburg witch trials
1394:Terrassa witch trials
1348:Witch trials in Spain
1328:Witch trials in Italy
1299:Katarina witch trials
1293:TorsĂĄker witch trials
1269:KirkjubĂłl witch trial
1246:Akershus witch trials
1134:WĂĽrzburg witch trials
1122:Ellwangen witch trial
1081:Rottweil Witch Trials
1053:Affair of the Poisons
1047:Normandy witch trials
1002:Doruchowo witch trial
739:Dalarnas häxprocesser
399:Katarina witch trials
382:TorsĂĄker witch trials
30:
1459:Roermond witch trial
1429:Stedelen witch trial
1382:Witches of LaspaĂşles
1258:Rosborg witch trials
1235:FinspĂĄng witch trial
1140:Bamberg witch trials
1041:Louviers possessions
939:Bideford witch trial
844:Witchcraft in Orkney
822:In the British Isles
439:Svea Court of Appeal
349:running the gauntlet
254:Svea Court of Appeal
222:FinspĂĄng witch trial
143:Charles IX of Sweden
2038:States with limited
1620:Newes from Scotland
1580:Malleus Maleficarum
1441:Geneva witch trials
1435:Valais witch trials
1388:Basque witch trials
1311:Thisted witch trial
1305:RugĂĄrd witch trials
1252:Ramsele witch trial
1223:Gyldenstierne-sagen
1211:Põlula witch trials
996:Szeged witch trials
724:Ondskan i NordingrĂĄ
455:Deal with the Devil
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309:Det stora oväsendet
154:Swedish Reformation
150:Abraham Angermannus
96:Swedish Reformation
46:Det stora oväsendet
1524:Salem witch trials
1370:Lisbon witch trial
1321:In Southern Europe
1275:Vardø witch trials
1174:In Northern Europe
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1355:(1505, 1518)
1229:Køge Huskors
1205:
933:Bute witches
815:Witch trials
765:the original
760:
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682:
675:Bibliography
600:
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557:. Retrieved
553:
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479:
462:Lars Nilsson
459:
449:in 1708 and
444:
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423:Urban Hiärne
419:
374:Ă…ngermanland
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45:
41:witch trials
38:
31:
2105:Isle of Man
2040:recognition
2014:Switzerland
1949:Netherlands
1564:Formicarius
1526:(1692–1693)
1520:(1642–1790)
1514:(1654–1712)
1508:(1647–1663)
1502:(1626–1730)
1485:(1679–1682)
1479:(1675–1681)
1473:(1656–1660)
1449:(1591–1595)
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1313:(1696–1698)
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1231:(1608–1615)
1160:(1662–1666)
1154:(1628–1631)
1148:(1627–1631)
1142:(1626–1631)
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1130:(1617–1630)
1124:(1611–1618)
1118:(1603–1606)
1106:(1581–1593)
1100:(1578–1613)
1094:(1562–1563)
1061:(1742–1745)
1055:(1679–1682)
873:(1589–1593)
407:Anna Sippel
378:Gästrikland
161:Hälsingland
127:tolvmannaed
119:Gustav Vasa
18:Great noise
2130:Categories
1984:San Marino
1944:Montenegro
1924:Luxembourg
1904:Kazakhstan
1807:Azerbaijan
1714:Drudenhaus
1702:Witch-hunt
1410:Elsewhere
1376:Benandanti
1069:In Germany
717:916420037X
559:9 December
512:References
380:. In the
305:Charles XI
139:Fryksdalen
90:Until 1608
62:maleficium
58:County Law
2095:Gibraltar
1919:Lithuania
1412:in Europe
1402:(1646–47)
1372:(1559–60)
1307:(1685–86)
1277:(1662–63)
1049:(1669–70)
1037:(1633–34)
1012:In France
998:(1728–29)
517:Citations
391:Gävle Boy
387:Stockholm
270:Frykdal's
199:1608–1668
193:vampirism
109:In 1550,
2115:Svalbard
2100:Guernsey
2047:Abkhazia
1999:Slovenia
1994:Slovakia
1969:Portugal
1827:Bulgaria
554:Folklife
486:Värmland
470:Paganism
320:Ă„lvdalen
313:Bohuslän
292:Jämtland
246:Västerås
231:BlĂĄkulla
165:BlĂĄkulla
135:Värmland
123:tortured
104:Götaland
2024:Ukraine
1974:Romania
1934:Moldova
1892:Ireland
1887:Iceland
1882:Hungary
1872:Germany
1867:Georgia
1857:Finland
1852:Estonia
1847:Denmark
1832:Croatia
1817:Belgium
1812:Belarus
1802:Austria
1797:Armenia
1792:Andorra
1787:Albania
1695:Related
498:torture
494:Dalarna
451:Leksand
433:The end
401:in the
366:torture
324:Dalarna
266:Dalarna
242:Uppland
148:Bishop
100:SmĂĄland
83:trial.
2110:Jersey
2052:Kosovo
2019:Turkey
2009:Sweden
1989:Serbia
1979:Russia
1964:Poland
1959:Norway
1939:Monaco
1909:Latvia
1877:Greece
1862:France
1837:Cyprus
1687:(1751)
1679:(1647)
1671:(1627)
1663:(1608)
1655:(1599)
1647:(1597)
1639:(1595)
1631:(1593)
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879:(1590)
867:(1582)
861:(1579)
715:
689:
617:
447:Malung
250:Ă–rebro
81:heresy
69:Arboga
2085:Ă…land
2004:Spain
1929:Malta
1899:Italy
1534:Texts
395:Gävle
227:Gävle
189:Bible
181:Geske
169:Satan
115:Ă–land
713:ISBN
687:ISBN
615:ISBN
561:2021
376:and
344:Mora
287:UmeĂĄ
244:and
179:and
102:and
77:Odin
605:doi
342:in
322:in
252:by
113:of
2132::
759:.
628:^
613:,
552:.
525:^
477:.
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233:.
106:.
1765:e
1758:t
1751:v
807:e
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793:v
719:)
695:.
607::
563:.
20:)
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