551:
particularly in the summer months, when shepherds move their flocks into the mountains to graze the summer alpine pastures. To assist the shepherds, government funding was provided to implement the same protection measures as those employed for wolves, and
Pyrenean Mountain Dogs were given to farmers in the Pyrenees to guard flocks from predators. Studies conducted in the mid-2000s found shepherds who employed Pyrenean Mountain Dogs across the Pyrenees reported 90% fewer stock losses to predators than shepherds who did not employ the dogs. The re-employment of Pyrenean Mountain Dogs within the Pyrenees has not been without issues, with reports of hikers traversing the mountains being attacked by the livestock guardians protecting their flocks, leading to a bilingual pamphlet being produced to warn walkers and bikers against risky behaviours in order to decrease incidents.
483:
428:, dogs stand from 70 to 80 cm (28 to 31 in) and bitches from 65 to 75 cm (26 to 30 in). Healthy adults typically weigh between 55 and 75 kg (120 and 165 lb). The head is not overly large in comparison to the body; the muzzle is long, broad and slightly pointed, the lips are not pendulous and the ears are small and triangular and hang flat to the head. The neck is short and strong, the chest broad and moderately deep, and the tail long, hanging low when the dog is at rest but curling over the back when the dog is roused. Unusually, the dewclaws on the hind legs are double; absence of these is considered a disqualifying fault for
259:
539:
protecting flocks from depredation, including electrified pasture fencing, secured electrified night pens, hiring of additional farm hands, and the purchase, training and upkeep of livestock guardian dogs. After the extirpation of wolves from France in the 1800s, livestock guardian dogs had been absent from the French Alps for over a century; when wolves resettled the country in the 1990s, the French
Pyrenean Mountain Dog was the breed selected for use, as the ITOVIC trials had already been conducted with the breed, and within the country, the APAP was breeding Pyrenean Mountain Dogs specifically for the purpose.
45:
394:
408:
469:
1452:
579:. Several factors influenced the move to integrate livestock guardian dogs into farming operations, including federal restrictions on the use of poisons to control predator numbers. A 1986 survey of over 400 farmers employing 763 livestock guardian dogs in the United States found 57% of them used Pyrenean Mountain Dogs, with
436:
shades of tan found mostly on the head; badger is defined as a mixture of brown, black, grey and white hairs and is commonly seen in puppies but usually fades as the dog ages. Purebred examples of the breed with black patches are sometimes seen in litters; such colouration is considered a disqualifying fault for show dogs.
554:
In 2009 there were over 1000 Pyrenean
Mountain Dogs being used to protect flocks against wolves in the Alps, and 500 protecting flocks in the Pyrenees. In 2019, French government funding was being provided for the upkeep of 4258 livestock guardian dogs throughout the country, 92% of which were in the
522:
were experiencing problems with stray dogs attacking their flocks, so the French ITOVIC commenced an experiment with around 15 Pyrenean
Mountain Dogs given to farmers. By the late 1980s the ITOVIC experiment had been completed and an association, APAP, had been formed with around 15 Pyrenean Mountain
341:
at the beginning of the century; British interest in such a large breed declined during the First World War. The French aristocrat and dog authority
Bernard Senac-Lagrange is credited with saving the breed from extinction at the beginning of the twentieth century, touring the mountains to collect the
435:
The coat is long, thick and double, providing protection from harsh weather; the long flat outer coat is particularly long around the neck, the tail and the backs of the legs, the under coat is fine and thick. The dogs are predominantly white in colour, with patches of black, badger, grey or various
379:
of Great
Britain. In 2011, to combat the perceived deterioration of show lines of the dog, the British Pyrenean Mountain Dog breed club released a brochure with instructions to show judges not to reward glamorous, heavy-bodied, short-muzzled examples of the breed over lean and muscular examples with
336:
After the extirpation of wolves from the
Pyrenees in the nineteenth century, numbers of the dogs declined and by the beginning of the twentieth century the breed was on the verge of extinction. Local shepherds sold pups to eager tourists and some of these found their way to Britain, where several
538:
had reported unusual stock predation, which was, at the time, attributed by authorities to uncontrolled domestic dogs. Wolves are protected in France; in order to protect the livelihoods of farmers from wolf predation, since the late 1990s, the French government has subsidized various methods of
550:
into the
Pyrenees, in order to save the species from extirpation from the region by genetic inbreeding, as the local population had been reduced to an estimated six bears. With the increased numbers of bears in the region, local shepherds reported increases of stock losses to bear predation,
374:
adopted a new breed standard that had a number of deviations from the French original that would not have been permitted in France. This standard promoted the exaggeration of certain physical features at the expense of functional form, and was later adopted by
460:, the former guarding the flocks and the latter herding them. They were also used to smuggle contraband between France and Spain, carrying packs over the Pyrenees on routes impassable to humans to avoid detection by customs officials.
369:
In the early 1930s the
Pyrenean Mountain Dog was exported to North America, where it is known as the Great Pyrenees and became a favourite in the show ring in both Canada and the United States. In 1935, the
325:, particularly in the south of the country. It is sometimes claimed that French settlers took these dogs with them to Canada and that they are among the forebears of the
530:
began to cross from Italy into France, where they have become established in approximately one third of its continental territories, particularly in the French Alps and
563:
Beginning in the late 1970s, sheep farmers in the United States began employing livestock guardian dogs to protect their flocks from various predators, particularly
1102:
607:. A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found 58% of Pyrenees died by the age of 10, higher than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.
238:
The Patou is widely used throughout France as a livestock guardian, particularly in the French Alps and the
Pyrenees, protecting flocks from predation by
523:
Dog breeders, with the objective of providing suitable livestock guardian dogs to potential farmers, and by 1991 around 100 dogs were working on farms.
812:
Parker, Heidi G.; Dreger, Dayna L.; Rimbault, Maud; Davis, Brian W.; Mullen, Alexandra B.; Carpintero-Ramirez, Gretchen; Ostrander, Elaine A. (2017).
321:, where they soon became in great demand, the King even naming it the Royal Dog of France. They came to be used by the French nobility to guard their
1189:
1391:"Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death"
1220:
1879:
1047:
498:
The Pyrenean Mountain Dog is today used in its original role as a livestock guardian for French shepherds in the French Pyrenees and the
314:
456:
studded with long nails for protection when fighting off wolves. They were often used by shepherds in combination with the much smaller
363:
172:
534:, but also throughout the Massif Central. Even before the presence of wolves was publicly reported in France, some farmers around the
2226:
362:
or Pyrenean Mastiff, with a slightly different breed standard. The Chien de Montagne des Pyrénées was definitively accepted by the
1333:
1590:
1318:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (2024-02-01).
1456:
1510:
1484:
1103:
Agriculture; Direction de la production et des Ă©changes - Direction des politiques Ă©conomiques et internationales (1958-1969)
1017:
985:
945:
796:
747:
603:
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 10.9 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
1585:
1137:"Missing shots: has the possibility of shooting wolves been lacking for 20 years in France's livestock protection measures?"
814:"Genomic Analyses Reveal the Influence of Geographic Origin, Migration, and Hybridization on Modern Dog Breed Development"
444:
For millennia these dogs were used by shepherds throughout the Pyrenean region to protect their flocks from predation by
555:
French Alps and Provence, although it is estimated the total number of dogs being employed at the time was around 5000.
1872:
1595:
1570:
355:
2236:
902:
482:
329:
dog breed. In the 1830s, Pyrenean Mountain Dogs were used as one of the foundation breeds in the creation of the
165:
1630:
1600:
1565:
2123:
17:
270:. In France it is usually called the 'Patou'. It is sometimes claimed that its forebears – and those of the
2067:
1865:
910:
592:
425:
351:
283:
160:
2128:
1723:
1225:
1194:
358:
recognised the large white livestock guardian dogs on the western or Spanish side of the Pyrenees as the
258:
1954:
1575:
1994:
1969:
1944:
1105:(Report) (in French). Pierrefitte-sur-Seine: Archives nationales (France). 1987. 19870111/1-19870111/12
142:
white with or without patches of badger, wolfgrey or reddish tan on the head and up to 1/3 of the body.
2207:= Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles
1949:
1560:
1525:
1620:
1477:
960:
1974:
1615:
1535:
535:
1610:
1959:
1831:
1530:
660:
In France, illegally killing a wolf is punishable by two years' imprisonment and a €150,000 fine.
1135:
Meuret, M.; Moulin, C.-H.; Bonnet, O.; Garde, L.; Nozie`res-Petit, M.-O.; Lescureux, N. (2020).
2166:
2146:
1964:
1924:
1888:
1635:
1605:
275:
220:
1089:
Agriculture information bulletin 588: Livestock guardian dogs: protecting sheep from predators
1939:
1836:
1683:
359:
235:
or Pyrenean Mastiff from the Spanish side of the mountains, to which it is closely related.
232:
2093:
1979:
1934:
1713:
1693:
1673:
1668:
1470:
1337:
691:
Les fondements de la cynologie française: Cynégétique et pastoralisme; Colloque cynologique
380:
weatherproof coats, capable of performing their original role in high mountainous regions.
371:
299:
889:(in French). Argelès-Gazost: Réunion des Amateurs de Chiens Pyrénéens. Accessed June 2023.
489:
8:
2231:
2118:
2019:
1718:
1580:
1555:
568:
543:
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finest specimens available to form a breeding base. In 1923 Senac-Lagrange established a
310:
177:
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2171:
2004:
1919:
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1390:
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838:
813:
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326:
228:
1251:. Direction régionale de l’Environnement, de l’Aménagement et du Logement Rhône-Alpes.
250:
in the United States, where it is also used to protect flocks from various predators.
2134:
1989:
1914:
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2014:
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1999:
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973:
791:. North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. pp. 374, 423 & 616.
784:
515:
421:
347:
2151:
1136:
350:; he also registered the breed as the Chien de Montagne des Pyrénées with the
231:
that separate France and Spain and is recognised as a separate breed from the
2220:
1929:
1744:
1462:
1416:
1407:
1357:
686:
503:
295:
963:. Thuin, Belgium: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed June 2023.
940:. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd. pp. 26–27 & 152–153.
2156:
2055:
1846:
1841:
1821:
1795:
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The name Patou is derived from the French word pâtre, which means shepherd.
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279:
193:
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1515:
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1984:
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132:
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Guarding Dogs, as known as "patou"/Chiens de Protection appelés "patous"
407:
322:
2141:
2103:
2062:
1826:
1645:
1550:
1297:
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The Pyrenean Mountain Dog is large and heavily built. According to the
343:
330:
243:
1800:
346:, the Réunion des Amateurs de Chiens Pyrénées, and drew up the first
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2044:
1899:
1739:
1264:"Livestock guard dogs reduce predation on domestic sheep in Colorado"
318:
216:
1279:
1153:
519:
2039:
2029:
2009:
1320:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
580:
547:
531:
429:
267:
2186:
1780:
1655:
1048:"Un mode de garde Ă©cologiquement correct: le chien de protection"
876:. Neptune City, N.J.: TFH Publications. pp. 8 & 465–467.
604:
2191:
2049:
1909:
1805:
1749:
1494:
1451:
1389:
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, ĂĄ; Olson, P (2005-09-30).
584:
572:
564:
287:
262:
Pyrenean Mountain Dog at the beginning of the twentieth century
1388:
961:
FCI breeds nomenclature: Chien de Montagne des Pyrenees (137)
291:
1317:
1904:
449:
445:
290:
of Hungary. Genomic data places it within the same genetic
239:
452:; in this role they were usually fitted with a heavy iron
811:
468:
1091:. United States Department of Agriculture. pp. 6–8.
266:
The Pyrenean Mountain Dog is a traditional breed of the
1134:
651:
or Association for the Promotion of Protection Animals.
648:
Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Protection
542:
In the mid-1990s the French government began importing
227:. It originates from the eastern or French side of the
938:
Dogs of the shepherds: a review of the pastoral breeds
789:
Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds
1012:. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company. p. 108.
1221:"Bear trouble spreads in the French Pyrénées: Pt. 3"
1190:"Bear trouble spreads in the French Pyrénées: Pt. 1"
1087:
Green, Jeffery S.; Woodruff, Roger A. (March 1990).
903:"Standard FCI N°137: Chien de Montagne des Pyrenees"
1262:Andelt, William F.; Hopper, Stuart N. (May 2000).
637:or Technical Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding.
317:, brought a dog of this type to the court of King
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
2218:
634:l'Institut technique de l’élevage ovin et caprin
871:
1492:
1130:
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1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1073:
1873:
1478:
1255:
1086:
738:Jones, Arthur F.; Hamilton, Ferelith (1971).
737:
693:(in French). Aubervilliers, France: 327–339.
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1214:
1212:
1183:
1181:
1179:
887:Historique, situation de l'Ă©levage en France
646:
632:
208:
1887:
1117:
1010:The encyclopedia of dogs: the canine breeds
742:. New York: Galahad Books. pp. 86–89.
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43:
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980:. Bath: Parragon Books Ltd. p. 356.
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872:Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995).
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1334:Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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687:"Le retour du patou en alpage, un défi"
684:
14:
2219:
926:
783:
673:
413:White and badger Pyrenean Mountain Dog
282:times, and thus that it is related to
223:; in France it is commonly called the
1861:
1466:
1246:
1218:
1187:
1045:
1026:
897:
895:
854:
756:
364:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
173:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1591:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange
712:
610:
474:Pyrenean Mountain Dog guarding sheep
954:
880:
24:
1586:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir
892:
514:In the early 1980s farmers in the
488:Pyrenean Mountain Dog with flock,
25:
2248:
1444:
595:being employed in fewer numbers.
278:brought to the area from Asia in
2227:Dog breeds originating in France
1511:Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie
1450:
874:Atlas of Dog Breeds of the World
558:
481:
467:
406:
392:
1382:
1311:
1240:
1095:
654:
640:
626:
123:55–75 kg (120–165 lb)
2124:Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog
1596:Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore
1571:Chien Français Blanc et Orange
1219:Woods, Mike (3 October 2019).
1188:Woods, Mike (1 October 2019).
740:The world encyclopedia of dogs
617:
383:
356:Real Sociedad Canina de España
354:in the same year. In 1946 the
211:Chien de Montagne des Pyrénées
60:Chien de Montagne des Pyrénées
13:
1:
1395:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
667:
593:Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdogs
115:65–75 cm (26–30 in)
105:70–80 cm (28–31 in)
2068:Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog
1631:Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
1601:Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen
1566:Chien Français Blanc et Noir
830:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.079
309:In the seventeenth century,
284:Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog
7:
2129:Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog
1724:Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
1268:Journal of Range Management
1226:Radio France Internationale
1195:Radio France Internationale
685:Vincent, Marc (July 2011).
399:White Pyrenean Mountain Dog
10:
2253:
2094:Perro de Pastor Mallorquin
1995:Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
1970:Central Asian Shepherd Dog
1945:Buryat-Mongolian Wolfhound
1350:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1008:Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1973).
253:
2200:
1895:
1814:
1768:
1732:
1654:
1621:Griffon Fauve de Bretagne
1501:
1247:Noars, Françoise (2014).
598:
509:
209:
187:
176:
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127:
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119:
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93:
89:
81:
73:
51:
42:
37:
1975:Entlebucher Mountain Dog
1955:CĂŁo de Gado Transmontano
1925:Appenzeller Mountain Dog
1616:Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
1576:Chien Français Tricolore
1536:Basset Fauve de Bretagne
1408:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121
978:The encyclopedia of dogs
536:Mercantour National Park
315:Louis, Dauphin of France
2237:Livestock guardian dogs
1960:Carpathian Shepherd Dog
1950:CĂŁo de Castro Laboreiro
1889:Livestock guardian dogs
1832:Grand Fauve de Bretagne
1561:Briquet Griffon Vendéen
1531:Basset Bleu de Gascogne
1526:Basset Artésien Normand
936:Hancock, David (2014).
911:Société Centrale Canine
426:Société Centrale Canine
352:Société Centrale Canine
276:livestock guardian dogs
161:Société Centrale Canine
2167:South Russian Ovcharka
2147:Sardinian Shepherd Dog
1965:Caucasian Shepherd Dog
1636:Petit Bleu de Gascogne
1606:Grand Bleu de Gascogne
1046:Bobbé, Sophie (2000).
699:10.13140/2.1.2944.1926
647:
633:
439:
263:
221:livestock guardian dog
2114:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
1940:Bucovina Shepherd Dog
1755:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
1684:Braque du Bourbonnais
1611:Grand Griffon Vendéen
1457:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
1141:The Rangeland Journal
337:were registered with
261:
246:. It is known as the
205:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
155:Kennel club standards
38:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
1980:Estrela Mountain Dog
1935:Bernese Mountain Dog
1714:Pont-Audemer Spaniel
1694:Braque Saint-Germain
1669:Blue Picardy Spaniel
1493:Dogs originating in
1459:at Wikimedia Commons
1055:Ethnologie française
544:European brown bears
502:, as well as in the
372:American Kennel Club
66:Pyrenean Herding Dog
2119:Rafeiro do Alentejo
2020:Kangal Shepherd Dog
1719:Saint-Usuge Spaniel
1581:Gascon Saintongeois
1556:Briquet de Provence
1342:2024NatSR..14..531M
526:In the early 1990s
311:Madame de Maintenon
2172:Tatra Shepherd Dog
2005:Himalayan Sheepdog
1920:Armenian Gampr dog
1837:King's White Hound
1679:Braque de l'Ariege
1325:Scientific Reports
360:MastĂn del Pirineo
264:
233:MastĂn del Pirineo
229:Pyrenees Mountains
2214:
2213:
1990:Georgian Shepherd
1915:Aksaray Malaklisi
1855:
1854:
1786:Dogue de Bordeaux
1760:Pyrenean Sheepdog
1674:Braque d'Auvergne
1626:Griffon Nivernais
1455:Media related to
1019:978-0-690-00056-6
987:978-1-4454-0853-8
947:978-1-84797-808-0
798:978-1-57076-219-2
749:978-0-88365-302-9
611:Explanatory notes
490:Sixt-Fer-Ă -Cheval
458:Pyrenean Sheepdog
300:Cirneco dell'Etna
286:of Italy and the
201:
200:
183:
182:
146:
145:
16:(Redirected from
2244:
2177:Tibetan Kyi Apso
2138:
2109:Pyrenean Mastiff
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272:Pyrenean Mastiff
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74:Common nicknames
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35:
34:
21:
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2216:
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2196:
2182:Tibetan Mastiff
2162:Spanish Mastiff
2157:Slovensky Cuvac
2133:
2085:
2074:Moscow Watchdog
2072:
2054:
2015:Kurdish Mastiff
1900:Afghan Shepherd
1891:
1886:
1856:
1851:
1810:
1764:
1728:
1709:Picardy Spaniel
1689:Braque Francais
1650:
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1302:
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1847:Talbot Hound
1842:Norman Hound
1822:Braque Dupuy
1776:Bichon Frise
1754:
1521:Artois Hound
1398:
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1301:. Retrieved
1289:10150/643758
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1199:. Retrieved
1193:
1166:. Retrieved
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1097:
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1061:(3): 459–472
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308:
304:Ibizan Hound
265:
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215:is a French
210:
204:
202:
194:domestic dog
131:long, thick
29:
2152:Ĺ arplaninac
1985:Gaddi Kutta
1503:Scenthounds
1147:: 401–413.
605:crossbreeds
571:, but also
569:black bears
500:French Alps
454:wolf collar
384:Description
133:double coat
53:Other names
2232:FCI breeds
2221:Categories
2142:Sarabi dog
2135:St Bernard
2104:Pshdar dog
2063:Leonberger
1827:Chien-gris
1646:Porcelaine
1551:Bloodhound
668:References
589:Anatolians
344:breed club
331:Leonberger
302:, and the
2081:Mucuchies
2045:Koyun dog
1740:Beauceron
1516:Ariégeois
1417:1751-0147
1358:2045-2322
1163:235007263
581:Komondors
366:in 1955.
319:Louis XIV
32:Dog breed
27:Dog breed
2056:Landseer
2040:Komondor
2010:Hovawart
1796:Papillon
1699:Brittany
1656:Gun dogs
1641:Poitevin
1435:16261925
1376:38302530
1367:10834484
976:(2008).
848:28445722
787:(2001).
548:Slovenia
532:Provence
323:châteaux
268:Pyrenees
178:standard
166:standard
2187:Tornjak
2137:
2089:
2076:
2058:
1815:Extinct
1801:Phalène
1781:Cursinu
1426:1624818
1338:Bibcode
1336:: 531.
1303:18 June
1298:4003429
1232:18 June
1201:18 June
1168:18 June
1109:19 June
1065:18 June
839:5492993
704:17 June
585:Akbashs
573:cougars
565:coyotes
430:showing
424:of the
294:as the
254:History
112:Females
2192:Vikhan
2050:Kuvasz
1910:Akbash
1806:Poodle
1750:Briard
1664:Barbet
1495:France
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1016:
984:
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599:Health
520:Lozère
510:France
446:wolves
288:Kuvasz
240:wolves
139:Colour
120:Weight
99:Height
94:Traits
85:France
82:Origin
1769:Other
1546:Billy
1401:(3).
1332:(1).
1294:JSTOR
1159:S2CID
1051:(PDF)
918:9 May
906:(PDF)
546:from
450:bears
292:clade
280:Roman
244:bears
225:Patou
217:breed
102:Males
77:Patou
2030:Kars
1905:Aidi
1431:PMID
1413:ISSN
1372:PMID
1354:ISSN
1305:2021
1234:2021
1203:2021
1170:2021
1111:2021
1067:2021
1014:ISBN
982:ISBN
942:ISBN
920:2021
844:PMID
793:ISBN
744:ISBN
706:2021
591:and
575:and
567:and
518:and
448:and
313:and
242:and
203:The
128:Coat
1421:PMC
1403:doi
1362:PMC
1346:doi
1284:hdl
1276:doi
1149:doi
834:PMC
826:doi
695:doi
440:Use
219:of
207:or
189:Dog
2223::
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197:)
191:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
