1057:
523:
187:
27:
1012:, which have lower traffic densities than the main trunk roads, or A roads. This classification has nothing to do with the width or quality of the physical road, and B roads can range from dual carriageways to single track roads with passing places. B roads follow the same numbering scheme as A roads, but almost always have 3- and 4-digit designations. Many 3-digit B roads outside the
129:. A classification system was created in 1922, under which important routes connecting large population centres, or for through traffic, were designated as Class I, and roads of lesser importance were designated as Class II. The definitive list of those roads was published on 1 April 1923, following consultations with
380:. In Central London, the A40 (Holborn Viaduct, Holborn, High Holborn and Oxford Street) provides a border between the 4 and 5 zones east of Marble Arch. The original A5 (now renumbered A5183) also provides such a border, and north of St Albans the original A6 (now renumbered A1081) provides an Eastern border.
721:(The A6 originally started in Barnet on the old A1. When the A1 was moved onto the Barnet Bypass in the 1950s, the A6 was cut back to the A1/A1(M) junction (later A1/M25 junction). Further renumbering in the St Albans area means that it now starts in Luton town centre. The old route is numbered as A1081).
145:
With the introduction of motorways in the late 1950s, a new classification of "M" was introduced. In many cases the motorways duplicated existing stretches of A road, which therefore lost much of their significance and were in some cases renumbered. There was no consistent approach to the renumbering
136:
Shortly after this, the numbers started to appear in road atlases and on signs on the roads themselves, making them a tool for motorists in addition to their use for determining funding. The numbers of the roads changed quite frequently during the early years of the system, because it was a period of
46:
and identify all roads. Each road is given a single letter (representing a category) and a subsequent number (between one and four digits). Though this scheme was introduced merely to simplify funding allocations, it soon became used on maps and as a method of navigation. There are two sub-schemes in
862:
The system continues to three and four digit numbers which further split and criss-cross the radials. Lower numbers originate closer to London than higher numbered ones. As roads have been improved since the scheme commenced, some roads with 3 or 4 digit numbers have increased in significance, for
533:
first came to
Britain over three decades after the advent of the A-road numbering event, and as a result required a new numbering system. They were given an M prefix, and in England and Wales a numbering system of their own not coterminous with that of the A-road network, though based on the same
1137:
prefixes but, while these are numbered, in general this is done for use by the local authorities who are responsible for maintaining them and the non-unique numbering is in a local series which usually does not appear on road signs; use of local numbers on signs in
England is "not advised".
968:
Some sections of A roads have been improved to the same standard as motorways, but do not completely replace the existing road; they form a higher standard part of the route for those which are not excluded. These sections retain the same number but are suffixed with (M), for example the
498:, causing some of the roads in Zone 1 to lie in Zone 6. The designated A1 later moved to the western bypass around the city, and roads between the two found themselves back in Zone 1. For the most part the roads affected retained their original numbers throughout.
58:, no E-routes are signposted in the United Kingdom. Due to changes in local road designation, in some cases roads are numbered out of zone. There are also instances where two unrelated roads have been given exactly the same number; for example, the
109:- money raised by taxation to pay for new road construction and for repair of damage done to existing roads by the growing number of motorists. As the Board needed to work out which roads should be funded, upgraded or replaced, its secretary,
141:
gave the
Ministry direct control of major routes and a new classification system was created to identify these routes. Originally, those numbers beginning in T were to be made public, but that was eventually deemed unnecessary.
562:, the UK's first motorway section, should have been numbered A6(M) under the scheme decided upon, but it was decided to keep the number M6 as had already been applied. The first full-length motorway in the UK was the
830:
be slightly less important, but may still be classified as trunk routes, although many of these routes have lost a lot of their significance due to motorway bypasses, or the upgrading of other A-roads (such as the
1024:
B roads in the county of Devon have further sub-classifications according to their accessibility. This is due to the rural nature of Devon's topology making some roads unsuitable for certain types of vehicle.
605:(Scottish Government after 1999), the decision was taken to adopt a scheme whereby motorways took the numbers of the all-purpose routes they replaced. As a result, there is no M7 (as no motorway follows the
835:). These routes are not all centred on London, but as far as possible follow the general principle that their number locates them radially clockwise from the associated single digit route. For example, the
818:
While these routes remain the basis for the numbering of the A road network, they are no longer necessarily major roads, having been bypassed by motorways or other changes to the road network.
1298:
1755:
977:. There have been occasions where this designation has been used to indicate motorway bypasses of an existing road, but the original retains the A road designation, for example
886:
is a proposed classification of major local-authority controlled A roads that the government committed to implementing in 2017, with the aim of better targeting road funding.
117:, one of the Board's senior engineers, to devise a classification system and then assign numbers to the highways for identification purposes. The work was interrupted by the
1456:
460:
125:
was formed in 1919 and given authority to classify highways and to allocate funding for road maintenance, authority for which was granted by section 17 (2) of the
601:, and applied only in England and Wales. It was decided to reserve the numbers 7, 8 & 9 for Scotland. In Scotland, where roads were the responsibility of the
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
859:(London to Dover), and so on. These roads have been numbered either outwards from or clockwise around their respective hubs, depending on their alignment.
1202:, no road that forms part of this network is signposted as such and only the road's national designation is shown. The same is true in Northern Ireland.
1413:
490:
starts in Zone 3, and is therefore numbered with an A3x number, even though it passes through Zones 4 and 5 to end in Zone 6. Additionally, the A1 in
174:). Occasionally, the new motorway would take the name of the old A road rather than having its own number. The most notable example of that is the
638:
In
England and Wales, the six single-digit numbers reflect the traditionally most important radial routes coming out of London. Starting with the
1155:
1533:
694:, (Also known as the Great West Road or the Bath Road), although this route is not used as a long-distance road since the completion of the
1745:
956:, which implies that central government rather than local government has responsibility for them. A more recent classification is that of
1740:
570:
505:
474:
The first digit in the number of any road should be the number of the furthest-anticlockwise zone entered by that road. For example, the
1016:
area are former A roads which have been downgraded owing to new road construction; others may link smaller settlements to A roads.
207:. In both cases the main single-digit roads normally define the zone boundaries. The exception is between Zones 1 and 2, where the
158:
in
Warwickshire became the A3400 after the M40 was built), and the remainder were downgraded to B or unclassified roads (e.g. the
1750:
1562:
517:
199:
In
England and Wales the road numbering system for all-purpose (i.e. non-motorway) roads is based on a radial pattern centred on
48:
1305:
1485:
501:
Elsewhere when single-digit roads were bypassed, roads were often re-numbered in keeping with the original zone boundaries.
1776:
1599:
569:
Shorter motorways typically take their numbers from a parent motorway in contravention of the zone system, explaining the
1720:
1659:
1526:
960:, the category of recommended routes for long-distance traffic. Primary routes include both trunk and non-trunk roads.
1028:
The classification is denoted by the colour of the sign border and direction arrow, and can be summarised as follows:
1379:
1256:
1231:
1577:
1330:
1056:
415:. Between St Albans and Luton, the original A6 (now renumbered A1081) provides the Western border of the 6-zone.
1179:
1151:
133:. Government funding towards the repairs of these roads were set at 60% for the former and 50% for the latter.
126:
1587:
1572:
1567:
1519:
19:
1199:
94:
55:
1542:
875:. New routes have also been allocated 3 or 4 digit numbers, for example the Edinburgh City Bypass is the
790:
on 16 May 1935, and later cut back at the southern end because of the construction of the main runway at
543:
539:
137:
rapid expansion of the network and some numbered routes did not follow the most usual routes taken. The
1223:
82:
1395:
740:
598:
122:
86:
725:
Similarly, in
Scotland, important roads radiating from Edinburgh have single-digit numbers, thus:
1273:
970:
852:
768:
750:
729:
711:
701:
687:
667:
646:
639:
606:
522:
446:
1352:
105:
Work on classification began in 1913. The Road Board had been established in 1909 to administer
795:
762:
744:
314:
1190:
prefixes for Cycle
Superhighways, marked using magenta signs, but these are being phased out.
419:
110:
59:
947:
803:
642:
which heads due north, numbers were allocated sequentially in a clockwise direction, thus:
138:
186:
8:
1582:
1159:
491:
418:
Zone 7: North of the Solway Firth/Eden
Estuary, west of the A7, south of the A8 covering
106:
63:
1138:
Exceptions to this are known in the forms of numbers on signs and past use of prefixes
883:
856:
848:
844:
840:
836:
388:
304:
155:
1481:
1375:
1252:
1227:
791:
783:
736:
718:
130:
994:
982:
974:
408:
361:
256:
39:
1506:
990:
832:
807:
618:
602:
442:
396:
330:
326:
167:
118:
90:
1035:- roads suitable for cars, minibuses and light goods vehicles - but NOT caravans
656:, (Also known as the Great North Road), but most of the road is bypassed by the
1009:
787:
661:
559:
400:
365:
310:
274:
252:
228:
220:
43:
1511:
1438:
1162:, including the creation of a new vehicular access onto a highway. The letter
26:
1770:
1501:
1147:
957:
590:
586:
558:
numbers were reserved for the other two planned long distance motorways. The
494:
has moved twice. Originally along the Great North Road, it then moved to the
450:
300:
248:
244:
146:– some A roads retained their existing number as non-primary roads (e.g. the
114:
35:
839:(London to King's Lynn) is the first main route clockwise from the A1, the
799:
622:
594:
578:
574:
427:
353:
349:
270:
260:
236:
216:
208:
151:
953:
695:
657:
563:
555:
551:
547:
535:
495:
435:
357:
334:
318:
232:
163:
826:
These radials are supplemented by two-digit codes which are routes that
978:
868:
794:
on top of it. As such, the route from
Edinburgh is now replaced by the
681:
582:
479:
384:
377:
338:
296:
291:
Zone 3: North/West of the A3, south of the A4 covering part of Surrey,
674:, (The southern part of Watling Street, also known as the Dover Road).
1457:"DfT - Guidance on Road Classification and the Primary Route Network"
876:
872:
864:
779:
775:
732:
691:
653:
530:
487:
392:
342:
292:
264:
240:
204:
1121:
Roads and lanes with yet lower traffic densities are designated as
754:
705:
614:
610:
475:
468:
441:
Zone 8: North of the A8, west of the A9 covering northern Glasgow,
423:
412:
369:
159:
147:
74:
1414:"Proposals for the Creation of a Major Road Network: Consultation"
761:, now has a 25-mile (40 km) gap, where it is replaced by the
771:
758:
677:
431:
404:
373:
322:
70:
1353:"List of Class I and Class II Roads and Numbers (transcription)"
1198:
Despite numerous large roads in Great Britain being part of the
1041:- roads that are only suitable for cars and other light traffic
1013:
986:
811:
649:
483:
464:
383:
Zone 6: East of the A6 and A7, west of the A1 covering eastern
282:
278:
200:
171:
1396:"Sandbox: 1920s Renumbering - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki"
1186:
prefix and marked using pale green signs. There are also some
538:
the zones were defined for Zones 1 to 4 based on the proposed
714:
671:
224:
175:
78:
1167:
597:. This numbering system was devised in 1958–59 by the then
456:
348:
Zone 5: North/East of the A5, west of the A6, south of the
309:
Zone 4: North of the A4, south/west of the A5 covering the
286:
54:
While some of Great Britain's major roads form part of the
1220:
Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979
190:
This sign at Crouch Hill shows two road numbers in Zone 2.
154:), others were given "less significant" numbers (e.g. the
1304:. Department for Transport. 5 August 2005. Archived from
81:; a separate system using similar conventions is used in
211:
defines the boundary so that all of Kent is in Zone 2.
30:
The numbering zones for A & B roads in Great Britain
1475:
1357:
HMSO and National Archives files MT39/241 and MT39/246
1502:
Pathetic Motorways – How the motorways were numbered
1251:. Newcastle: Red Kite Prayer/Front Page Creations.
1166:is used for many important unclassified roads in
941:
851:(London to Shoeburyness); the next radial is the
455:Zone 9: North of the A8, east of the A9 covering
1768:
1541:
1388:
534:principle of zones. Running clockwise from the
85:, as well as outside the United Kingdom in the
1527:
1476:Bancroft, Peter; Andrew Emmerson (May 2007).
1291:
1369:
1345:
203:. In Scotland the same scheme is centred on
1060:C road sign in Ribblesdale, North Yorkshire
810:). On 1 April 1997, the A9 was diverted to
1534:
1520:
1047:- roads recommended for local traffic only
843:(London to Norwich) is the next, then the
526:Motorway number zones of England and Wales
1331:"History of roads and National Highways"
1111:
1055:
660:and many sections have been upgraded to
599:Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation
521:
185:
25:
1217:
708:, (The Northern part of Watling Street)
633:
518:List of motorways in the United Kingdom
1769:
1478:A, B, C and M: Road Numbering Revealed
1323:
51:, and another for non-motorway roads.
1515:
1240:
1152:main roads have a regular grid system
1116:
757:, which formerly linked Edinburgh to
684:, (Also known as the Portsmouth Road)
1266:
1246:
1154:. These designations are used when
963:
747:motorways now form the primary link.
1051:
1019:
889:
621:, the short M85 became part of the
13:
1469:
1370:Porter, John; Bridle, Ron (2002).
1333:. National Highways. 15 April 2020
814:and Scrabster at the northern end.
273:, east of the A3 covering most of
219:, east of the A1 covering much of
14:
1788:
1495:
1480:. Capital Transport Publishing.
821:
181:
1449:
1431:
1274:"Road numbers: how it happened"
194:
1406:
1374:. Thomas Telford. p. 27.
1363:
1299:"FOI Request – Road numbering"
1211:
942:Trunk roads and primary routes
847:(London to Lowestoft) and the
127:Ministry of Transport Act 1919
121:. It did not resume until the
1:
1507:roads.org.uk - Road Numbering
1249:Roads Were Not Built For Cars
1205:
613:was re-routed to replace the
20:Odonymy in the United Kingdom
1200:International E-road network
1173:
952:Some A roads are designated
571:apparently anomalous numbers
511:
162:, which was replaced by the
95:British Overseas Territories
69:This scheme applies only to
56:international E-road network
7:
1777:Roads in the United Kingdom
1543:Roads in the United Kingdom
10:
1793:
1741:Anomalously numbered roads
1419:. Department for Transport
1224:Cambridge University Press
1218:Daunton, Martin J (2002).
1193:
1000:
945:
778:. Originally Edinburgh to
628:
593:motorways as those of the
515:
100:
66:are both designated A594.
17:
1733:
1668:
1607:
1598:
1549:
782:, the A9 was extended to
1588:Gaelic-speaking Scotland
1556:Road numbering schemes:
1372:The Motorway Achievement
1400:www.sabre-roads.org.uk
1247:Reid, Carlton (2014).
1061:
527:
191:
150:running alongside the
31:
1160:planning applications
1125:roads commonly using
1112:Other classifications
1059:
806:as an alternative to
525:
420:Dumfries and Galloway
269:Zone 2: South of the
215:Zone 1: North of the
189:
123:Ministry of Transport
111:William Rees Jeffreys
29:
1756:Primary destinations
948:Trunk roads in Wales
804:Queensferry Crossing
634:Single-digit A roads
506:anomalously numbered
139:Trunk Roads Act 1936
492:Newcastle upon Tyne
461:North East Scotland
107:Vehicle Excise Duty
60:Leicester Ring Road
1158:deal with certain
1117:Unclassified roads
1062:
884:Major Road Network
855:, followed by the
528:
389:North East England
305:South West England
192:
32:
1764:
1763:
1729:
1728:
1563:Motoring taxation
1487:978-1-85414-307-5
1156:planning officers
1010:distributor roads
964:Motorway sections
792:Edinburgh Airport
131:local authorities
64:a road in Cumbria
1784:
1721:Northern Ireland
1660:Northern Ireland
1605:
1604:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1491:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1443:www.roads.org.uk
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1215:
1052:Lists of B roads
1020:B roads in Devon
890:Lists of A roads
609:), and when the
504:A few roads are
428:Central Scotland
409:Scottish Borders
257:Scottish Borders
83:Northern Ireland
40:numbering scheme
1792:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1725:
1664:
1594:
1545:
1540:
1498:
1488:
1472:
1470:Further reading
1467:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1439:"Devon help us"
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1368:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1196:
1176:
1119:
1114:
1054:
1022:
1003:
966:
950:
944:
892:
824:
739:, although the
636:
631:
603:Scottish Office
585:of the M4, and
520:
514:
443:Argyll and Bute
397:Nottinghamshire
331:Buckinghamshire
327:Gloucestershire
255:, parts of the
197:
184:
119:First World War
103:
91:Roads in Jersey
22:
12:
11:
5:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1730:
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1560:
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1547:
1546:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1496:External links
1494:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1448:
1430:
1405:
1387:
1380:
1362:
1344:
1322:
1311:on 12 May 2009
1290:
1265:
1257:
1239:
1232:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1182:are using the
1175:
1172:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:Zone 9 B roads
1103:
1101:Zone 8 B roads
1098:
1096:Zone 7 B roads
1093:
1091:Zone 6 B roads
1088:
1086:Zone 5 B roads
1083:
1081:Zone 4 B roads
1078:
1076:Zone 3 B roads
1073:
1071:Zone 2 B roads
1068:
1066:Zone 1 B roads
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1021:
1018:
1002:
999:
965:
962:
958:primary routes
943:
940:
939:
938:
936:Zone 9 A roads
933:
931:Zone 8 A roads
928:
926:Zone 7 A roads
923:
921:Zone 6 A roads
918:
916:Zone 5 A roads
913:
911:Zone 4 A roads
908:
906:Zone 3 A roads
903:
901:Zone 2 A roads
898:
896:Zone 1 A roads
891:
888:
823:
820:
816:
815:
784:John o' Groats
766:
748:
723:
722:
709:
699:
685:
675:
665:
635:
632:
630:
627:
560:Preston Bypass
516:Main article:
513:
510:
472:
471:
453:
439:
416:
401:Leicestershire
381:
366:Leicestershire
346:
307:
289:
267:
253:Northumberland
229:Cambridgeshire
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183:
180:
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99:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1559:
1558:Great Britain
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1537:
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581:motorways as
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312:
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301:Isle of Wight
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263:and on up to
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182:Zoning system
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115:Henry Maybury
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47:use: one for
45:
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38:, there is a
37:
36:Great Britain
28:
24:
21:
16:
1669:B-road lists
1608:A-road lists
1557:
1477:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1390:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1306:the original
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1278:Roads.org.uk
1277:
1268:
1248:
1242:
1219:
1213:
1197:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1163:
1146:on signs in
1143:
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1126:
1123:unclassified
1122:
1120:
1044:
1038:
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1005:
1004:
967:
951:
881:
863:example the
861:
827:
825:
817:
724:
637:
568:
548:M4 motorways
529:
503:
500:
473:
430:, including
376:and western
354:Eden Estuary
350:Solway Firth
275:South London
261:East Lothian
237:Lincolnshire
221:North London
209:River Thames
198:
195:Non-motorway
144:
135:
113:, appointed
104:
68:
53:
33:
23:
15:
1734:Other lists
1337:23 December
1315:27 December
1222:. England:
1178:In London,
954:trunk roads
802:across the
564:M1 motorway
496:Tyne Tunnel
358:North Wales
319:Oxfordshire
295:(excluding
239:, parts of
233:East Anglia
87:Isle of Man
1578:Road signs
1423:5 February
1206:References
946:See also:
798:(with the
704:London to
690:London to
682:Portsmouth
680:London to
670:London to
480:trunk road
407:, and the
399:, eastern
385:Lancashire
378:Lancashire
364:, western
297:Portsmouth
277:, part of
18:See also:
1751:Motorways
1746:Junctions
1180:Cycleways
1174:Cycleways
780:Inverness
776:Scrabster
733:Edinburgh
692:Avonmouth
654:Edinburgh
617:south of
531:Motorways
512:Motorways
488:Mansfield
393:Yorkshire
356:covering
343:Mid Wales
293:Hampshire
265:Edinburgh
241:Yorkshire
205:Edinburgh
49:motorways
1771:Category
1550:Articles
1283:18 March
755:Greenock
737:Carlisle
719:Carlisle
706:Holyhead
476:A38 road
469:Shetland
449:and the
447:Highland
424:Ayrshire
413:Lothians
370:Cheshire
362:Midlands
360:, North
168:Tiverton
166:between
75:Scotland
44:classify
42:used to
1573:Odonymy
1568:Driving
1194:E-roads
1006:B roads
1001:B roads
995:A627(M)
983:A329(M)
975:A404(M)
833:A38 (M)
772:Falkirk
759:Glasgow
629:A roads
573:of the
432:Glasgow
405:Rutland
374:Cumbria
323:Bristol
299:), the
101:History
71:England
1484:
1378:
1255:
1230:
1150:where
1014:London
991:A48(M)
987:A38(M)
812:Thurso
650:London
550:. The
484:Bodmin
465:Orkney
283:Sussex
279:Surrey
271:Thames
217:Thames
201:London
172:Exeter
1600:Zones
1583:Wales
1460:(PDF)
1417:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
1302:(PDF)
1263:p.30.
1045:White
1039:Brown
979:A3(M)
971:A1(M)
869:A1079
808:Perth
715:Luton
672:Dover
662:A1(M)
619:Perth
583:spurs
436:Clyde
335:south
311:south
225:Essex
176:A1(M)
79:Wales
1482:ISBN
1425:2018
1376:ISBN
1339:2022
1317:2007
1285:2022
1253:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1168:Fife
1142:and
1133:and
1033:Blue
993:and
973:and
882:The
877:A720
873:A414
871:and
865:A127
788:Wick
786:via
743:and
591:M275
589:and
587:M271
577:and
554:and
546:and
478:, a
467:and
457:Fife
426:and
411:and
403:and
341:and
339:west
333:and
313:and
303:and
287:Kent
285:and
170:and
93:and
77:and
62:and
857:A20
849:A13
845:A12
841:A11
837:A10
828:may
800:M90
774:to
741:M74
735:to
717:to
652:to
623:M90
615:A85
611:A90
595:M27
579:M49
575:M48
486:to
160:A38
156:A34
152:M40
148:A40
34:In
1773::
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1188:CS
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867:,
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796:M9
769:A9
763:M8
751:A8
745:M8
730:A7
712:A6
702:A5
696:M4
688:A4
678:A3
668:A2
658:M1
647:A1
640:A1
625:.
607:A7
566:.
556:M6
552:M5
544:M3
542:,
540:M2
536:M1
508:.
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164:M5
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352:/
345:.
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