Graphic design - Knowledge

33: 1005: 710: 370: 1112:, writing, illustration, and others. Tasks may be assigned to individuals or a group and may be categorized as convergent or divergent. An example of a divergent task is generating alternative designs for a poster. An example of a convergent task is selecting one poster design. Companies, startups, small businesses and entrepreneurs have all benefitted from design crowdsourcing since it helps them source great graphic designs at a fraction of the budget they used to spend before. Getting a 247:

separation of the design of a communication medium (such as a poster) from its actual production. Increasingly, throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, advertising agencies, book publishers, and magazines hired art directors who organized all visual elements of communication and integrated them into a harmonious whole, creating an expression appropriate to the content. In 1922, typographer William A. Dwiggins coined the term graphic design to identify the emerging field.

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designers associate them with Swiss design. The desire for order in the 1940s resulted in a highly systematic approach to visualizing information. However, grids were later regarded as tedious and uninteresting, earning the label of "designersaur." Today, grids are once again considered crucial tools for professionals, whether they are novices or veterans.

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function. UX design involves creating the interface and interactions for a website or application, and is considered both an act and an art. This profession requires a combination of skills, including visual design, social psychology, development, project management, and most importantly, empathy towards the end-users.

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One area where emerging technologies are likely to have a significant impact on graphic design is in the automation of certain tasks. Machine learning algorithms, for example, can analyze large datasets and create designs based on patterns and trends, freeing up designers to focus on more complex and

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Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic artists, art directors, and clerical workers. Until the digital age, typography was a specialized occupation. Certain fonts communicate or resemble stereotypical notions. For example, the 1942 Report is a font which types text

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51 stating "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running

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Another important ethical consideration in graphic design is the need to avoid harmful stereotypes. This means avoiding any images or messaging that perpetuate negative or harmful stereotypes based on race, gender, religion, or other characteristics. Graphic designers should strive to create designs

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Graphic designers can work within companies devoted specifically to the industry, such as design consultancies or branding agencies, others may work within publishing, marketing or other communications companies. Especially since the introduction of personal computers, many graphic designers work as

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By the late 19th century, graphic design emerged as a distinct profession in the West, partly due to the process of labor specialization that occurred there and partly due to the new technologies and business possibilities brought about by the Industrial Revolution. New production methods led to the

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Nevertheless, the evolution of graphic design as a practice and profession has been closely linked to technological innovations, social needs, and the visual imagination of professionals. Graphic design has been practiced in various forms throughout history; in fact, good examples of graphic design

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in the 19th century and its evolution allowed its consolidation in the 20th century. Given the rapid and massive growth in information exchange today, the demand for experienced designers is greater than ever, particularly because of the development of new technologies and the need to pay attention

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and the compositional arrangement of the text, ornamentation, and imagery to convey ideas, feelings, and attitudes beyond what language alone expresses. The design work can be based on a customer's demand, a demand that ends up being established linguistically, either orally or in writing, that is,

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Social trends are also likely to shape the future of graphic design. As consumers become more conscious of environmental issues, for example, there may be a greater demand for designs that prioritize sustainability and minimize waste. Similarly, there is likely to be a growing focus on inclusivity

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Ethics are an important consideration in graphic design, particularly when it comes to accurately representing information and avoiding harmful stereotypes. Graphic designers have a responsibility to ensure that their work is truthful, accurate, and free from any misleading or deceptive elements.

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One way that graphic design influences consumer behavior is through the use of visual elements, such as color, typography, and imagery. Studies have shown that certain colors can evoke specific emotions and behaviors in consumers, and that typography can influence how information is perceived and

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A grid serves as a method of arranging both space and information, allowing the reader to easily comprehend the overall project. Furthermore, a grid functions as a container for information and a means of establishing and maintaining order. Despite grids being utilized for centuries, many graphic

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Throughout the 20th century, the technology available to designers continued to advance rapidly, as did the artistic and commercial possibilities of design. The profession expanded greatly, and graphic designers created, among other things, magazine pages, book covers, posters, CD covers, postage

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The diversity of opinions stems from some considering any graphic manifestation as a product of graphic design, while others only recognize those that arise as a result of the application of an industrial production model—visual manifestations that have been "projected" to address various needs:

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The future of graphic design is likely to be heavily influenced by emerging technologies and social trends. Advancements in areas such as artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, and automation are likely to transform the way that graphic designers work and create designs. Social

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Another way that graphic design impacts consumer behavior is through its ability to communicate complex information in a clear and accessible way. For example, infographics and data visualizations can help to distill complex information into a format that is easy to understand and engaging for

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The "process school" is concerned with communication; it highlights the channels and media through which messages are transmitted and by which senders and receivers encode and decode these messages. The semiotic school treats a message as a construction of signs which through interaction with

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led the Underground Group design and publicity movement. The first Underground station signs were introduced in 1908 with a design of a solid red disk with a blue bar in the center and the name of the station. The station name was in white sans-serif letters. It was in 1916 when Pick used the

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One of the key ethical considerations in graphic design is the responsibility to accurately represent information. This means ensuring that any claims or statements made in advertising or marketing materials are true and supported by evidence. For example, a company should not use misleading

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Experiential graphic design is the application of communication skills to the built environment. This area of graphic design requires practitioners to understand physical installations that have to be manufactured and withstand the same environmental conditions as buildings. As such, it is a

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User experience design (UX) is the study, analysis, and development of creating products that provide meaningful and relevant experiences to users. This involves the creation of the entire process of acquiring and integrating the product, including aspects of branding, design, usability, and

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A specialized branch of graphic design and historically its earliest form, print design involves creating visual content intended for reproduction on physical substrates such as silk, paper, and later, plastic, for mass communication and persuasion (e.g., marketing, governmental publishing,

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and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified using illustration techniques. Type arrangement is the selection of typefaces, point size, tracking (the space between all characters used), kerning (the space between two specific characters) and leading (line spacing).

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applications introduced computer image manipulation and creation capabilities that had previously been manually executed. Computers enabled designers to instantly see the effects of layout or typographic changes, and to simulate the effects of traditional media. Traditional tools such as

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Employment in design of online projects was expected to increase by 35% by 2026, while employment in traditional media, such as newspaper and book design, expect to go down by 22%. Graphic designers will be expected to constantly learn new techniques, programs, and methods.

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and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising, the ultimate objective is the sale of goods and services. In graphic design, "the essence is to give order to information, form to ideas, expression, and feeling to artifacts that document the human experience."

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Page layout deals with the arrangement of elements (content) on a page, such as image placement, text layout and style. Page design has always been a consideration in printed material and more recently extended to displays such as web pages. Elements typically consist of

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and the birth of written language in the third millennium BCE. However, the differences in working methods, auxiliary sciences, and required training are such that it is not possible to clearly identify the current graphic designer with prehistoric man, the 15th-century

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statistics to promote their product or service, or make false claims about its benefits. Graphic designers must take care to accurately represent information in all visual elements, such as graphs, charts, and images, and avoid distorting or misrepresenting data.

161:… The admittedly high standard of intelligence which prevails among printers is an assurance that with the elemental principles of design at their finger ends many of them will grow in knowledge and develop into specialists in graphic design and decorating. … 1028:

and often overlap. Workers perform specialized tasks, such as design services, publishing, advertising and public relations. As of 2023, median pay was $ 58,910 per year. The main job titles within the industry are often country specific. They can include

455:, published in 1927, was the first book to use "Graphic Design" in its title. In 1936, author and graphic designer Leon Friend published his book titled "Graphic Design" and it is known to be the first piece of literature to cover the topic extensively. 119:. In this sense, in some countries graphic design is related as only associated with the production of sketches and drawings, this is incorrect, since visual communication is a small part of a huge range of types and classes where it can be applied. 269:(618–907) wood blocks were cut to print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist texts. A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book. Beginning in the 11th century in China, longer scrolls and books were produced using 803:

Graphic designers are expected to be proficient in software programs for image-making, typography and layout. Nearly all of the popular and "industry standard" software programs used by graphic designers since the early 1990s are products of

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in their work from online design databases. Raster images may be edited in Adobe Photoshop, vector logos and illustrations in Adobe Illustrator and CorelDraw, and the final product assembled in one of the major page layout programs, such as

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Graphic design is essential for advertising, branding, and marketing, influencing how people act. Good graphic design builds strong, recognizable brands, communicates messages clearly, and shapes how consumers see and react to things.

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greatly influenced graphic design. They pioneered production techniques and stylistic devices used throughout the twentieth century. The following years saw graphic design in the modern style gain widespread acceptance and application.

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stamps, packaging, brands, signs, advertisements, kinetic titles for TV programs and movies, and websites. By the early 21st century, graphic design had become a global profession as advanced technology and industry spread worldwide.

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remembered. For example, serif fonts are often associated with tradition and elegance, while sans-serif fonts are seen as modern and minimalistic. These factors can all impact the way consumers perceive a brand and its messaging.

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Experiential graphic designers try to solve problems that people encounter while interacting with buildings and space (also called environmental graphic design). Examples of practice areas for environmental graphic designers are

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The definition of the graphic designer profession is relatively recent concerning its preparation, activity, and objectives. Although there is no consensus on an exact date when graphic design emerged, some date it back to the

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became one of the notable graphic designers in the late nineteenth-century due to creating art pieces in various Art Nouveau styles. Bradley created a number of designs as promotions for a literary magazine titled

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Graphic design has, as a field of application, different areas of knowledge focused on any visual communication system. For example, it can be applied in advertising strategies, or it can also be applied in the

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Designers disagree whether computers enhance the creative process. Some designers argue that computers allow them to explore multiple ideas quickly and in more detail than can be achieved by hand-rendering or

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creative tasks. Virtual and augmented reality technologies may also allow designers to create immersive and interactive experiences for users, blurring the lines between the digital and physical worlds.

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in the communication process is that of the encoder or interpreter of the message. They work on the interpretation, ordering, and presentation of visual messages. Usually, graphic design uses the

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Koukova, V. (2019). The Influence of Typography on Consumer Behavior. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education", 153-158.

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Due to its interdisciplinary nature, graphic design can be performed in different areas of application: branding, technical and artistic drawing, signage, photography, image and video editing,

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is a design consideration of the layout or interface. Combining visual communication skills with an understanding of user interaction and online branding, graphic designers often work with

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applied 'intellectual production' in different spheres of production. The movement saw individualistic art as useless in revolutionary Russia and thus moved towards creating objects for

1080:. As a designer becomes more senior, they spend less time designing and more time leading and directing other designers on broader creative activities, such as brand development and 191:

in the 20th and 21st centuries, the distinction between advertising, art, graphic design and fine art has disappeared. They share many elements, theories, principles, practices,

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Hassanien, A., Dale, C., Clarke, D., & Sinclair, M. (2020). The Impact of Graphic Design on the Effectiveness of Advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 60(4), 419-433

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From scientific journals to news reporting, the presentation of opinions and facts is often improved with graphics and thoughtful compositions of visual information – known as

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Rolston, M. (2017). Graphic Design and Social Change: Raising Awareness of Gender-Based Violence through Advocacy Design. Communication Design Quarterly Review, 5(1), 32-43.

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Hassenzahl, M., Diefenbach, S., & Göritz, A. (2010). Needs, Affect, and Interactive Products: Facets of User Experience. Interacting with Computers, 22(5), 353-362.

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through crowdsourcing being one of the most common. Major companies that operate in the design crowdsourcing space are generally referred to as design contest sites.]

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to design a new typeface for the Underground. Johnston redesigned the Underground sign and logo to include his typeface on the blue bar in the center of a red circle.

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and diversity in design, with designers seeking to create designs that are accessible and representative of a wide range of individuals and communities.

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advertised a course titled Graphic Design and Lettering, which replaced one called Advanced Design and Lettering. Both classes were taught by

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cross-disciplinary collaborative process involving designers, fabricators, city planners, architects, manufacturers and construction teams.

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Butterick, Matthew. "Butterick's Practical Typography." Butterick's Practical Typography. Jones McClure, 2010–14. Web. 17 February 2015.

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propaganda). Print design techniques have evolved over centuries, beginning with the invention of movable type by the Chinese alchemist

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Lee, S. (2018). Visualizing Consumer Behavior and Decision Making in the Age of Big Data. Journal of Business Research, 85, 262-267.

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can be useful even when computers are used for finalization; a designer or art director may sketch numerous concepts as part of the

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uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."

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intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives. Graphic design is an interdisciplinary branch of

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Guffey, E. (2018). Building Bridges to the Future of Graphic Design Education. Visual Communication Quarterly, 25(2), 77-88.

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trends, such as a greater focus on sustainability and inclusivity, are also likely to impact the future of graphic design.

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that are inclusive and respectful of all individuals and communities, and avoid reinforcing negative attitudes or biases.

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lettering, were all designed at different times, by different designers, for different purposes, and combined by designer

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development. They are often expected to interact more directly with clients, for example taking and interpreting briefs.

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Most designers use a hybrid process that combines traditional and computer-based technologies. First, hand-rendered

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purposes. They designed buildings, film and theater sets, posters, fabrics, clothing, furniture, logos, menus, etc.

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consumers. This can help to build trust and credibility with consumers, and encourage them to take action.

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This requires a commitment to honesty, integrity, and transparency in all aspects of the design process.

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are used to get approval to execute an idea, then the polished visual product is produced on a computer.

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Many free and open-source programs are also used by both professionals and casual graphic designers.

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The term "graphic design" makes an early appearance in a 4 July 1908 issue (volume 9, number 27) of

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Crowell, K. (2019). Ethics and Advertising. In The Advertising Handbook (pp. 51-66). Routledge.

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made with a new metal alloy that created a revolution in the dissemination of information.

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in-house designers in non-design oriented organizations. Graphic designers may also work

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It can be argued that graphic communications with specific purposes have their origins in

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Since the advent of personal computers, many graphic designers have become involved in

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Creative Computer Tools for Artists: Using Software to Develop Drawings and Paintings,

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Meggs, Philip B., 'A history of graphic design'. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983

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Berman, J. (2019). The Ethics of Graphic Design. The Design Journal, 22(3), 347-363.

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that graphic design transforms a linguistic message into a graphic manifestation.

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in Great Britain, informing the government of the importance of design in his

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Blue Pencil no. 46—Yet more on the early history of the term "graphic design"

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A graphic design project may involve the creative presentation of existing

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to human factors beyond the competence of the engineers who develop them.

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in Europe in the 15th century and the growth of consumer culture in the

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as a celebration of modern industrial technology and Victorian design.

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In both its lengthy history and in the relatively recent explosion of

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The Definitive Dwiggins no. 81—Who Coined the Term 'Graphic Design'?

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developed a way to reproduce printed pages at a faster pace using

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Baker, Steve (1990). "The Sign of the Self in the Metropolis".

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The professional graphic design industry grew in parallel with

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productive, symbolic, ergonomic, contextual, among others.

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receivers, produces meaning; communication as an agent.

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Layout essentials 100 design principles for using grids

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Raffel, Burton; Thomson, Ellen Mazur (1 January 1997).

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Interdisciplinary branch of design and of the fine arts

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AIGA. (2018). AIGA Standards of Professional Practice.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

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A decade later, the 1917–1918 course catalog of the

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The Origins of Graphic Design in America, 1870–1920

1376: 1374: 1024:Graphic design career paths cover all parts of the 730:for elements that are not printed with ink such as 323:was a leader in graphic design associated with the 273:printing, making books widely available during the 1087: 1069:, working on their own terms, prices, ideas, etc. 2797:Wiedemann, Julius and Taborda, Felipe (editors). 1383:"An Interdisciplinary Approach to Graphic Design" 5648: 1371: 686:Typography includes type design, modifying type 625:Graphic design can have many applications, from 2492:Jann Lawrence Pollard and Jerry James Little, 1847: 972: 918:, in an environment commonly referred to as a 3766: 2874: 2779:Fiell, Charlotte and Fiell, Peter (editors). 1717: 1614:"NASA needs more than just rocket scientists" 950:. An important aspect of interface design is 40:, animation, programming, among other fields. 2033:Graphic Design: A New History, Third Edition 1440: 1072:A graphic designer typically reports to the 397:in this one single aircraft exterior design. 1917:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 207–219. 1913:. In Eliot, Simon; Rose, Johnathan (eds.). 1838: 1771:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1563:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1153: 585:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 280:In the mid-15th century in Mainz, Germany, 3773: 3759: 2881: 2867: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1441:Khaled Nabil, Al-Momani (25 August 2020). 864:for photo-editing and image manipulation, 695:akin to a typewriter or a vintage report. 1853: 1500:. College of the Sequoias. Archived from 1454: 1385:. College of Liberal Arts. Archived from 1119: 957: 783: 605:Learn how and when to remove this message 5290:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art) 2306:Modernism in Art Design and Architecture 2029: 2003: 1908: 1646: 1003: 875: 708: 616: 368: 342:Cover of the Thanksgiving 1895 issue of 337: 254: 31: 2667: 1675: 1611: 1577: 1415:. University of Coimbra. Archived from 1137:Ethical consideration in graphic design 896:, later refined by the German inventor 14: 5649: 1915:A Companion to the History of the Book 1839:Kumar Gupta, Gaurav (2 January 2018). 1526:. Scholar IT Institute. Archived from 816:-based program for photo editing) and 629:to technical schematics and reference 466:Although he lacked artistic training, 231:date back to manuscripts from ancient 167:California School of Arts & Crafts 59:whose activity consists in projecting 5335: 5295:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum) 5038: 4483: 3810: 3754: 2862: 2483:, topic 1141. Retrieved 18 March 2007 2367:from the original on 19 December 2011 2265: 2214: 2189: 2137: 2098: 1724:. Yale University Press. p. 85. 1593:from the original on 11 November 2020 1477: 291: 2831:The Universal Arts of Graphic Design 2649:from the original on 9 February 2014 2618:from the original on 27 October 2017 2588:from the original on 27 October 2017 2266:White, Alex W. (21 September 2010). 2030:Eskilson, Stephen J. (21 May 2019). 1756: 1663:from the original on 14 October 2021 1628:from the original on 20 October 2021 1478:Bravo, Rafael Ángel (4 March 2016). 1449:. Ural Federal University: 294–298. 1407: 583:adding citations to reliable sources 550: 532:in 1964, it was re-published as the 449:California School of Arts and Crafts 400: 364: 87:, where it is usual to use text and 2676:from the original on 29 August 2014 2341:from the original on 6 January 2012 2217:""From Pictures to Textile Prints"" 2171:from the original on 7 January 2010 1981:"V&A · William Morris textiles" 1612:Junkunc, Ashley (22 October 2019). 1318:List of graphic design institutions 903: 462:is a classic design example of the 24: 5336: 5239:American Institute of Graphic Arts 2566:from the original on 5 April 2007. 2557: 2539:from the original on 13 April 2021 2444:Milton Glaser Draws & Lectures 2286:from the original on 15 April 2021 2080:from the original on 8 August 2020 2050:from the original on 15 April 2021 1909:Hellinga, Lotte (24 August 2011). 1738:from the original on 27 March 2023 1647:Monaghan, Heather (4 March 2021). 650:Data and information visualization 306:Journal of Design and Manufactures 300:became one of the major forces in 25: 5673: 5249:Design and Industries Association 2854:United States Department of Labor 2812: 2668:Gilmour, Julia (15 August 2013). 2269:Advertising Design and Typography 1931:from the original on 5 March 2023 1890:from the original on 30 June 2022 1690: 1348:Visualization (computer graphics) 1323:List of notable graphic designers 1280: 534:First Things First 2000 manifesto 447:, director and instructor at the 2818: 2636: 2308:, New York: St. Martin's Press. 2221:The Print Collector's Newsletter 2076:. www.paulshawletterdesign.com. 2068: 2013:, London: Faber and Faber, 1996 1991:from the original on 3 July 2022 1961:from the original on 19 May 2022 1548: 1380: 1191: 1177: 555: 404: 3811: 2773: 2760: 2751: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2715: 2706: 2697: 2688: 2661: 2630: 2600: 2570: 2551: 2519: 2499: 2486: 2456: 2437: 2417: 2398:. Quarto Publishing Group USA. 2388: 2379: 2353: 2327: 2298: 2259: 2247:from the original on 3 May 2022 2208: 2183: 2157: 2140:"The History of Graphic Design" 2131: 2092: 2062: 2023: 1973: 1943: 1902: 1872: 1832: 1823: 1799: 1779: 1750: 1711: 1640: 1353:International Typographic Style 1088:Crowdsourcing in graphic design 880: 546: 5244:Chartered Society of Designers 4484: 1605: 1571: 1542: 1524:"Professional Graphics Design" 1516: 1490: 1471: 1434: 1401: 1298:Design principles and elements 993: 698: 331:movement, directly influenced 146: 13: 1: 5315:Prince Philip Designers Prize 3958:Architectural lighting design 2905:Biological data visualization 2845:Occupational Outlook Handbook 2799:Latin-American Graphic Design 2138:Poole, Buzz (27 March 2013). 1884:scarc.library.oregonstate.edu 1551:Principles of Form and Design 1364: 713:Golden section in book design 675: 5121:Electronic design automation 5104:Virtual home design software 4076:Automotive suspension design 2801:. Taschen Publishers, 2008. 1854:Wilkinson, Endymion (2000). 1695:. Britannica. Archived from 526:First Things First manifesto 159:An Enterprising Trades Union 7: 3980:Environmental impact design 2781:Contemporary Graphic Design 2639:"The Rise of Crowdsourcing" 2453:. Retrieved 31 January 2011 2304:Crouch, Christopher. 2000. 2192:A History of Graphic Design 1911:"The Gutenberg Revolutions" 1170: 1094:Crowdsourcing creative work 973:Experiential graphic design 492:codified the principles of 373:A Boeing 747 aircraft with 10: 5678: 5259:International Forum Design 4629:Engineering design process 3780: 2945:Mathematical visualization 2850:Bureau of Labor Statistics 2833:– Documentary produced by 2505:Hamm, Matthew, J. (2014). 2496:November 2001 Introduction 1985:Victoria and Albert Museum 1955:Victoria and Albert Museum 1091: 1049:, photography, animation, 1008:Graphic symbols are often 1000:Graphic design occupations 997: 961: 907: 884: 868:for digital painting, and 702: 679: 258: 180: 176: 5594: 5342: 5331: 5272: 5231: 5174: 5064: 5060: 5034: 4490: 4479: 4381:Integrated circuit design 4316: 4303:Stage/set lighting design 4235: 4192:Hardware interface design 4151: 4108:Hardware interface design 4059: 3941: 3821: 3817: 3806: 3788: 3623: 3493: 3357: 3311: 3235: 3134: 3103: 3096: 3003: 2940:Information visualization 2925:Educational visualization 2897: 2101:Journal of Design History 2036:. Yale University Press. 1308:"First Things First 2000" 922:(GUI). This has included 659: 183:History of graphic design 91:to communicate visually. 5216:Industrial design rights 5204:Fashion design copyright 5116:Design quality indicator 4565:Creative problem-solving 4356:Electrical system design 4212:Sonic interaction design 4123:Photographic lens design 3997:Healthy community design 3116:Charles-René de Fourcroy 2965:Scientific visualization 2892:of technical information 1792:27 November 2021 at the 1757:Frascara, Jorge (1988). 1229:Marketing communications 1154:Future of graphic design 1012:and anonymous, as these 920:Graphical user interface 858:Scalable Vector Graphics 758: 749: 668:, ornament, and images. 536:in 1999 in the magazine 325:Arts and Crafts movement 71:. Its practice involves 5412:New product development 5377:Enterprise architecture 5305:IF Product Design Award 5264:Design Research Society 4816:Reliability engineering 2434:Retrieved 19 March 2008 2430:6 December 2013 at the 2394:Tondreau, Beth (2009). 2215:Bowlt, John E. (1976). 2109:Oxford University Press 1456:10.18502/kss.v4i11.7560 1076:, creative director or 4868:Top-down and bottom-up 4217:User experience design 4118:Packaging and labeling 4091:Electric guitar design 4029:Landscape architecture 3536:Christopher R. Johnson 3088:Technical illustration 2975:Software visualization 2507:Wireframing Essentials 2190:Meggs, Philip (1998). 1254:User Experience Design 1244:Technical illustration 1224:Landscape architecture 1120:Role of graphic design 1021: 964:User experience design 958:User experience design 932:end user-interactivity 784:Computers and software 714: 622: 398: 381:. The cyan forms, the 350: 163: 41: 5397:Innovation management 5280:European Design Award 5046:Intellectual property 4863:Theory of constraints 4826:Responsibility-driven 4666:For manufacturability 4570:Creativity techniques 4408:Nuclear weapon design 4222:User interface design 4086:Corrugated box design 4007:Interior architecture 3430:Lawrence J. Rosenblum 3243:Edward Walter Maunder 3167:Charles Joseph Minard 2985:User interface design 2960:Product visualization 2449:21 March 2014 at the 1759:Diseño y Comunicación 1549:Wong, Wucius (1995). 1303:European Design Award 1259:User Interface Design 1234:Motion graphic design 1104:first used the term " 1078:senior media creative 1018:National Park Service 1007: 910:User interface design 876:Related design fields 712: 705:Grid (graphic design) 703:Further information: 620: 504:typographers such as 478:In the 1920s, Soviet 372: 341: 265:In China, during the 255:Historical background 157: 136:Industrial Revolution 61:visual communications 35: 5662:Communication design 5442:Unintelligent design 5422:Philosophy of design 5136:Design specification 5089:Comprehensive layout 4661:For behaviour change 4634:Probabilistic design 4396:Power network design 3933:Visual merchandising 3890:Instructional design 3868:Postage stamp design 3710:Scientific modelling 3685:Information graphics 3425:Clifford A. Pickover 3375:William S. Cleveland 3283:Henry Norris Russell 3268:Howard G. Funkhouser 3212:Florence Nightingale 3177:Francis Amasa Walker 3073:Statistical graphics 2995:Volume visualization 2970:Social visualization 2827:at Wikimedia Commons 2479:12 June 2018 at the 2468:29 June 2007 at the 2425:desktoppub.about.com 1622:University of Dayton 1504:on 22 September 2021 1358:Swiss Style (design) 1269:Communication design 1264:Visual communication 1219:Instructional design 1209:Digital illustration 948:software application 769:graphic art software 654:information graphics 579:improve this section 528:. First launched by 189:visual communication 5362:Creative industries 5285:German Design Award 5194:Design infringement 5079:Architectural model 4418:Organization design 4413:Nucleic acid design 4361:Experimental design 3914:Traffic sign design 3690:Information science 3653:in computer science 3445:Sheelagh Carpendale 3380:George G. Robertson 3217:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke 3152:André-Michel Guerry 3028:Graph of a function 3023:Engineering drawing 2672:. Crowdsource.com. 2474:Designtalkboard.com 2463:Designtalkboard.com 2423:Jacci Howard Bear, 2117:10.1093/jdh/3.4.227 1447:Kne Social Sciences 936:software developers 458:The signage in the 315:From 1891 to 1896, 308:. He organized the 261:History of printing 53:academic discipline 5427:Process simulation 5402:Intelligent design 4726:Intelligence-based 4721:Integrated topside 4651:Framework-oriented 4336:Behavioural design 4207:Information design 3885:Information design 3730:Volume cartography 3494:Early 21st century 3390:Catherine Plaisant 3385:Bruce H. McCormick 3339:Mary Eleanor Spear 3329:Arthur H. Robinson 3263:Arthur Lyon Bowley 3236:Early 20th century 3083:Technical drawings 2955:Molecular graphics 2930:Flow visualization 2920:Data visualization 2787:Publishers, 2008. 2645:. WIRED Magazine. 2363:. Maxbruinsma.nl. 2272:. Allworth Press. 1812:2021-11-27 at the 1185:Visual arts portal 1082:corporate identity 1055:interactive design 1022: 898:Johannes Gutenberg 765:desktop publishing 715: 646:information design 623: 510:László Moholy-Nagy 496:in his 1928 book, 460:London Underground 445:Frederick H. Meyer 399: 377:designating it as 351: 292:Nineteenth century 282:Johannes Gutenberg 42: 5644: 5643: 5590: 5589: 5357:Conceptual design 5327: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5310:James Dyson Award 5166:Website wireframe 5156:Technical drawing 5030: 5029: 4878:Transgenerational 4619:Ecological design 4495:Activity-centered 4475: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4453:Spacecraft design 4247:Public art design 4185:Video game design 4163:Experience design 4133:Production design 4113:Motorcycle design 4071:Automotive design 3975:Ecological design 3853:Film title design 3748: 3747: 3725:Visual perception 3675:Graphic organizer 3648:Computer graphics 3619: 3618: 3601:Martin Wattenberg 3576:Hanspeter Pfister 3531:Martin Krzywinski 3455:Jock D. Mackinlay 3435:Thomas A. DeFanti 3358:Late 20th century 3278:Ejnar Hertzsprung 2980:Technical drawing 2840:Graphic Designers 2823:Media related to 2807:978-3-8228-4035-1 2793:978-3-8228-5269-9 2472:, topic 1030 and 2404:978-1-63159-630-8 2043:978-0-300-23328-5 1924:978-1-4443-5658-8 1820:, 7 January 2018. 1731:978-0-300-06835-1 1691:Meggs, Philip B. 1530:on 26 August 2022 1486:on 12 March 2022. 1408:Quintela, Pedro. 1249:Technical writing 1035:production artist 1026:creative spectrum 946:of a web site or 872:for page layout. 826:Corel Corporation 818:Adobe Illustrator 763:In the mid-1980s 615: 614: 607: 494:modern typography 441: 440: 387:presidential seal 365:Twentieth century 117:space exploration 16:(Redirected from 5669: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5333: 5332: 5210:Geschmacksmuster 5184:Community design 5062: 5061: 5036: 5035: 4796:Process-centered 4592:Design–bid–build 4560:Cradle-to-cradle 4540:Concept-oriented 4481: 4480: 4458:Strategic design 4428:Processor design 4403:Mechanism design 4371:Geometric design 4331:Algorithm design 4271:Jewellery design 4202:Immersive design 4096:Furniture design 4041:Landscape design 3819: 3818: 3808: 3807: 3775: 3768: 3761: 3752: 3751: 3735:Volume rendering 3720:Visual analytics 3715:Spatial analysis 3695:Misleading graph 3546:David McCandless 3521:Gordon Kindlmann 3485:Alfred Inselberg 3480:Leland Wilkinson 3415:Michael Friendly 3349:Howard T. Fisher 3312:Mid 20th century 3253:W. E. B. Du Bois 3157:William Playfair 3147:Adolphe Quetelet 3121:Joseph Priestley 3104:Pre-19th century 3101: 3100: 3068:Skeletal formula 2935:Geovisualization 2910:Chemical imaging 2883: 2876: 2869: 2860: 2859: 2822: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2560:"Design Rockism" 2555: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2538: 2531: 2523: 2517: 2503: 2497: 2490: 2484: 2460: 2454: 2441: 2435: 2421: 2415: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2335:"฿Emigre Essays" 2331: 2325: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2027: 2021: 2009:Fiona McCarthy, 2007: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1803: 1797: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1762: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1699:on 13 March 2022 1693:"Graphic design" 1688: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1581:(25 July 2014). 1575: 1569: 1568: 1562: 1554: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1498:"Graphic Design" 1494: 1488: 1487: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1458: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1422:on 7 August 2022 1421: 1414: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1389:on 14 April 2021 1378: 1333:Material culture 1187: 1182: 1181: 1031:graphic designer 916:interface design 904:Interface design 778:creative process 610: 603: 599: 596: 590: 559: 551: 436: 433: 427: 408: 401: 310:Great Exhibition 302:design education 132:rise of printing 122:With origins in 96:graphic designer 94:The role of the 83:using manual or 81:lateral thinking 21: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5606: 5599: 5586: 5387:Futures studies 5338: 5319: 5268: 5227: 5176: 5170: 5056: 5055: 5026: 4932:Value sensitive 4922:User innovation 4801:Public interest 4766:Object-oriented 4486: 4467: 4448:Software design 4438:Research design 4391:Physical design 4346:Database design 4320: 4318: 4312: 4288:Property design 4283:Game art design 4237: 4231: 4154: 4147: 4062: 4055: 4012:Interior design 3963:Building design 3944: 3937: 3824: 3813: 3802: 3784: 3779: 3749: 3744: 3740:Information art 3680:Imaging science 3625: 3615: 3596:Fernanda Viégas 3591:Moritz Stefaner 3516:Jessica Hullman 3489: 3460:Alan MacEachren 3410:Ben Shneiderman 3353: 3307: 3231: 3130: 3092: 3005: 2999: 2950:Medical imaging 2893: 2887: 2842:, entry in the 2815: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2556: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2504: 2500: 2491: 2487: 2481:Wayback Machine 2470:Wayback Machine 2461: 2457: 2451:Wayback Machine 2442: 2438: 2432:Wayback Machine 2422: 2418: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2303: 2299: 2289: 2287: 2280: 2264: 2260: 2250: 2248: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2188: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2136: 2132: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2067: 2063: 2053: 2051: 2044: 2028: 2024: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1925: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1866: 1856:Chinese History 1852: 1848: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1814:Wayback Machine 1804: 1800: 1794:Wayback Machine 1784: 1780: 1764: 1763: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1732: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1689: 1676: 1666: 1664: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1610: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1576: 1572: 1556: 1555: 1547: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1507: 1505: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1476: 1472: 1439: 1435: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1412: 1406: 1402: 1392: 1390: 1381:Vise, Kristen. 1379: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1283: 1278: 1194: 1183: 1176: 1173: 1156: 1139: 1122: 1096: 1090: 1002: 996: 975: 966: 960: 928:software design 912: 906: 889: 883: 878: 834:vector graphics 810:Adobe Photoshop 786: 761: 752: 744:blind embossing 707: 701: 684: 678: 662: 611: 600: 594: 591: 576: 560: 549: 473:Edward Johnston 437: 431: 428: 421: 414:needs expansion 367: 354:Will H. Bradley 348:Will H. Bradley 321:Kelmscott Press 294: 263: 257: 202:Interwar period 185: 179: 171:Frederick Meyer 160: 153:Organized Labor 149: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5675: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5657:Graphic design 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5455: 5454: 5452:Wicked problem 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337:Related topics 5329: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5254:Design Council 5251: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5221:European Union 5213: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5180: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5068: 5058: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4907: 4902: 4900:Usage-centered 4897: 4896: 4895: 4893:Design for All 4885: 4880: 4875: 4873:Transformation 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4821:Research-based 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4786:Platform-based 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4736:KISS principle 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4646:Fault-tolerant 4643: 4641:Error-tolerant 4638: 4637: 4636: 4626: 4624:Energy neutral 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4580:Design fiction 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4477: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4463:Systems design 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4433:Protein design 4430: 4425: 4423:Process design 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4386:Circuit design 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4308:Textile design 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4266:Costume design 4261:Fashion design 4258: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4159: 4157: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4143:Service design 4140: 4138:Sensory design 4135: 4130: 4128:Product design 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4046:Spatial design 4043: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4026: 4024:Keyline design 4021: 4020: 4019: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3990:Computer-aided 3982: 3977: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3960: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3916: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3858:Graphic design 3855: 3850: 3848:Exhibit design 3845: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3815: 3814: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3778: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3755: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3705:Patent drawing 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3670:Graphic design 3667: 3662: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3611:Hadley Wickham 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3566:Tamara Munzner 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3465:David Goodsell 3462: 3457: 3452: 3450:Cynthia Brewer 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3344:Edgar Anderson 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3319:Jacques Bertin 3315: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3273:John B. Peddle 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3227:Francis Galton 3224: 3222:Toussaint Loua 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3202:Georg von Mayr 3199: 3194: 3192:Matthew Sankey 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3107: 3105: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3058:Sankey diagram 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2990:Visual culture 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2886: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2837: 2828: 2825:Graphic design 2814: 2813:External links 2811: 2810: 2809: 2795: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2759: 2750: 2741: 2732: 2723: 2714: 2705: 2696: 2687: 2660: 2629: 2599: 2569: 2558:Currie, Nick. 2550: 2518: 2498: 2485: 2455: 2436: 2416: 2387: 2378: 2361:"max bruinsma" 2352: 2337:. Emigre.com. 2326: 2297: 2278: 2258: 2207: 2200: 2182: 2156: 2144:PRINT Magazine 2130: 2091: 2061: 2042: 2022: 2011:William Morris 2002: 1972: 1942: 1923: 1901: 1871: 1864: 1846: 1831: 1822: 1798: 1796:, 1 June 2020. 1778: 1749: 1730: 1710: 1674: 1639: 1604: 1570: 1541: 1515: 1489: 1470: 1433: 1400: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1281:Related topics 1279: 1277: 1276: 1274:Visual culture 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1172: 1169: 1155: 1152: 1138: 1135: 1121: 1118: 1110:apparel design 1101:Wired Magazine 1092:Main article: 1089: 1086: 1051:visual effects 1043:Graphic Artist 998:Main article: 995: 992: 974: 971: 962:Main article: 959: 956: 942:to create the 940:web developers 908:Main article: 905: 902: 885:Main article: 882: 879: 877: 874: 843:Serif PagePlus 839:Adobe InDesign 785: 782: 760: 757: 751: 748: 700: 697: 680:Main article: 677: 674: 661: 658: 613: 612: 595:September 2024 563: 561: 554: 548: 545: 498:New Typography 490:Jan Tschichold 480:constructivism 453:Graphic Design 439: 438: 432:September 2016 411: 409: 366: 363: 346:, designed by 317:William Morris 293: 290: 259:Main article: 256: 253: 212:cave paintings 181:Main article: 178: 175: 148: 145: 45:Graphic design 26: 18:Graphic Design 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5674: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5637: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5618: 5616: 5611: 5609: 5604: 5602: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5567:specification 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5480:architectural 5478: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5447:Visualization 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5367:Cultural icon 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5334: 5330: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5232:Organizations 5230: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5199:Design patent 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5189:Design around 5187: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5049:Organizations 5048: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4910:User-centered 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4858:Tableless web 4856: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4781:Participatory 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4671:For Six Sigma 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4614:Domain-driven 4612: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4602:architect-led 4600: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4545:Configuration 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4510:Brainstorming 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4482: 4478: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4443:Social design 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4366:Filter design 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341:Boiler design 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4293:Scenic design 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4278:Floral design 4276: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3985:Garden design 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3968:Passive solar 3966: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3943:Environmental 3940: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3905:Retail design 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3823:Communication 3820: 3816: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3771: 3769: 3764: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3665:Graph drawing 3663: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3622: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3586:Claudio Silva 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3551:Mauro Martino 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3475:Michael Maltz 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3440:George Furnas 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3420:Howard Wainer 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3324:Rudolf Modley 3322: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3288:Max O. Lorenz 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3197:Charles Booth 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3172:Luigi Perozzo 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3162:August Kekulé 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3142:Charles Dupin 3140: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3126:Gaspard Monge 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3111:Edmond Halley 3109: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2915:Crime mapping 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2890:Visualization 2884: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2675: 2671: 2664: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2565: 2561: 2554: 2535: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2515:9781849698542 2512: 2508: 2502: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2459: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2440: 2433: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2382: 2366: 2362: 2356: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2323: 2322:0-312-21832-X 2319: 2315: 2314:0-312-21830-3 2311: 2307: 2301: 2285: 2281: 2279:9781581158205 2275: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2201:0-471-29198-6 2197: 2193: 2186: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2145: 2141: 2134: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2095: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2026: 2020: 2019:0-571-17495-7 2016: 2012: 2006: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1946: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1905: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1867: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1842: 1835: 1826: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1802: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1774: 1768: 1760: 1753: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1714: 1698: 1694: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1643: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1608: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1579:Eveleth, Rose 1574: 1566: 1560: 1552: 1545: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1503: 1499: 1493: 1485: 1481: 1474: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1437: 1418: 1411: 1404: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1192:Related areas 1186: 1180: 1175: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106:crowdsourcing 1103: 1102: 1098:Jeff Howe of 1095: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039:DTP associate 1036: 1032: 1027: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1010:functionalist 1006: 1001: 991: 989: 985: 979: 970: 965: 955: 953: 949: 945: 944:look and feel 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 911: 901: 899: 895: 888: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 835: 831: 830:raster images 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 801: 799: 794: 792: 781: 779: 775: 770: 766: 756: 747: 745: 741: 740:foil stamping 737: 736:laser cutting 733: 729: 725: 721: 711: 706: 696: 692: 689: 683: 673: 669: 667: 657: 655: 651: 647: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 619: 609: 606: 598: 588: 584: 580: 574: 573: 569: 564:This section 562: 558: 553: 552: 544: 541: 540: 535: 531: 527: 523: 518: 515: 511: 507: 506:Herbert Bayer 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 485: 481: 476: 474: 471:expertise of 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 435: 425: 419: 415: 412:This section 410: 407: 403: 402: 396: 395:Raymond Loewy 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:Air Force One 376: 371: 362: 360: 359:The Chap-Book 355: 349: 345: 344:The Chap-Book 340: 336: 334: 330: 329:Private Press 326: 322: 318: 313: 311: 307: 303: 299: 289: 287: 283: 278: 276: 272: 268: 262: 252: 248: 244: 242: 238: 234: 228: 224: 222: 218: 213: 210: 205: 203: 197: 194: 190: 184: 174: 172: 168: 162: 156: 154: 144: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 118: 114: 108: 105: 101: 97: 92: 90: 86: 85:digital tools 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 39: 34: 30: 19: 5437:STEAM fields 5407:Lean startup 5392:Indie design 5208: 5175:Intellectual 4927:Value-driven 4905:Use-centered 4811:Regenerative 4791:Policy-based 4751:Mind mapping 4656:For assembly 4597:Design–build 4515:By committee 4500:Adaptive web 4298:Sound design 4256:glass design 4254: / 4239:applied arts 4180:Level design 4051:Urban design 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