675:
methods of achieving this transformation are attachment and severance. If personal property is attached to land, it becomes real property. And if real property is severed from the land (rendered unattached) it becomes personal property. Examples abound. A person buys a furnace. The furnace company dispatches a technician to deliver and install the heating system. Before installation the heating system is personal property. It has corporeal presence and it can be moved around as witnessed by the fact that the technician picked it up at the warehouse, loaded it into his truck, drove it to the house, unloaded it, placed it in the basement and hooked it up to the house. The "hooking up" is the act that transformed what was personal property to real property. Once it is installed it has become "attached to the land" (the house) and is now considered real property. The attachment to the house has to be more than casual for personal property to become real property. For example, a table lamp that is plugged into a wall socket is not real property. A window air conditioning unit is not real property.
746:
with the consent of the owner, could not be prosecuted for larceny. Clearly the owner of the horse had given the defendant possession of the animal – he had agreed that the defendant could borrow the horse to ride to Surrey. The case would seem to have been cut and dried – the doctrine of possessorial immunity applied and the defendant was therefore not guilty of larceny. The court held that consent induced by fraud was not consent in the eyes of the law. The fraudulent act that induced the owner to transfer possession "vitiated" the consent. This concept of consent broadened the scope of larceny. Before, consent meant the voluntary relinquishment of possession and thus property was wrongfully taken only if the defendant acquired possession by stealth, force or threat of force.
506:
jurisdictions, a central air conditioning unit changes from personal property to real property (a fixture) once it is attached to a building. Modernly, severance of a fixture from the realty would convert the fixture from real property back to personal property. However, the common law stated that if the severance and carrying away of a fixture were one continuous act, no larceny would occur. The defendant's actions in this example would thus merely constitute damage to real property, and would further not result in possession of stolen property since no larceny had taken place. However, if the person disconnected the air conditioner, left the premises to find someone to help him move the unit, returned and loaded the unit on his truck and left, the crime would be larceny.
716:
goods "by virtue of her employment"; that is, that the employee had the authority to exercise substantial control over the goods. Typically, in determining whether the employee had sufficient control the courts will look at factors such as the job title, job description and the particular employment practices. For example, the manager of a shoe department at a store would likely have sufficient control over the shoes that if she converted the goods to her own use she would be guilty of embezzlement. On the other hand, if the same employee were to steal cosmetics from the cosmetic counter, so long as they did not convert the product, the crime would not be embezzlement but larceny. For a case that exemplifies the difficulty of distinguishing larceny and embezzlement see
768:
episode the courts doubtlessly would treat the act as one crime. The same result would obtain if the thief stole items from the same victim over a period of time on the grounds that the stealing was pursuant to a common scheme or plan. The effect would be that the state could aggregate the value of the various items taken in determining whether the crime was a felony or misdemeanor. Such a result would not always work to the criminal's detriment. Aggregation is also generally permitted when the thief steals property from multiple victims at the same time. For example, a thief steals "rims" from several cars parked in the same lot. On the other hand, aggregation is not permitted when a thief steals items from various victims at different times and places.
223:
308:
knocking an article from a person's hand was not larceny, as long as the defendant did not thereafter take it. The control must be complete. In a famous case, the defendant removed an overcoat from a department store mannequin and began to walk away with it. The overcoat was secured to the mannequin by a chain, a fact the defendant first discovered when the chain drew taut. These actions were held not to be larceny because the defendant never had complete control over the disposition and use of the coat.
1711:
2126:
759:
customer's account, the teller had possession of the property and his misappropriation would be embezzlement rather than larceny. However, once the teller transfers possession of the money to his employer, by placing the money in the till for example, the subsequent taking would be larceny rather than embezzlement. This rule does not apply if the teller intending to steal the property places the money in the till merely as a temporary repository or to hide his peculation.
2135:
1993:
361:, for example, the New York Court of Appeals eliminated the asportation requirement. In that case the defendant entered a stranger's car and turned on the car's lights and engine. The Court read asportation as merely a corroborative element of possession and control, and thus not necessary to establish possession and control of a car because transportation is the purpose of a car. Turning it on suffices to establish that the thief has taken possession and control.
383:
2005:
354:
package of steaks intending to steal them then changes her or his mind and puts the steak back in the meat counter, the crime of larceny has been committed but the state will have a difficult time proving it. However, if the thief conceals the steaks by sticking them inside clothing, his or her intent is rather clear. Of course, there could still be an innocent if bizarre explanation.
755:
have possession rather than custody and the misappropriation of the property would likely be embezzlement rather than larceny. Determining whether an employee has custody or possession can be difficult. A careful examination of the employee's duties and responsibilities, his authority over the property and the actual business practices is required.
657:
property taken. For example, North
Carolina General Statutes Section 14 - 72 (b)(1) makes the crime of larceny a felony "without regard to value" if the larceny is (1) from the person (2) committed pursuant to certain types of breaking or enterings (3) of any explosive or incendiary device or (4) of any firearm. The modern spelling is
311:
The taking may be only momentary. In another famous case, the defendant snatched an earring from the victim which immediately became entangled in the victim's hair. The court held that the defendant's control over the property, although momentary, was sufficient to constitute a taking. The taking may
1306:
For example, one can steal a person's social security card and use the information to obtain a credit card and make transactions. However, using the social security number is not larceny because the information, although of substantial value, is not tangible personal property. The theft of the card
767:
Thievery may well involve many items of personal property stolen from multiple victims. Questions arise as to whether such situations are to be treated as one large theft or multiple small ones. The answer depends on the circumstances. If a thief steals multiple items from one victim during a single
754:
An employee is generally presumed to have custody rather than possession of property of his employer used during his employment. Thus the misappropriation would be larceny. However, officers, managers and employees who have significant authority over the disposition or use of the employer's property
514:
The property taken must be "of another". Thus wild animals cannot be stolen, although possession of a wild animal can itself be unlawful. Nor can co-owners be guilty of larceny. Larceny is a crime against possession. Therefore, it is possible for the person who has title to the property to steal the
551:
A person who takes property of another under the mistaken belief that the property belongs to him does not have the requisite intent to steal; nor does a person "intend to steal" property when he takes property intending to make temporary use of it and then return the property to the owner within a
505:
The restriction of the scope of larceny to personal property may have practical consequences. For example, a person may "steal" a central air conditioning unit by cutting the connections to the house, removing the unit from its concrete pad and hauling the disconnected unit away in a truck. In most
339:
Traditionally, a thief must not only gain dominion over the property, but also must move it from its original position. The slightest movement, a hair's breadth, is sufficient. However, the entirety of the property must be moved. As
Professor Wayne LaFave noted, at its most literal this requirement
1150:
Originally, the caption element required an actual physical taking of the property from the victim's person. Takings accomplished by stealth or deceit were not punishable. This limitation existed because larceny's original purpose was to punish breaches of peace rather than violations of property
758:
If a third party transfers possession of property to an employee for delivery to his employer, the employee has possession of the property and his conversion of the property would be embezzlement rather than larceny. For example, if a customer of a bank delivers money to a teller to deposit in the
745:
decided in 1779. The issue was whether a person who had fraudulently obtained possession of personal property (a horse) could be convicted of larceny. The chief impediment to conviction was the doctrine of possessorial immunity which said that a person who had acquired possession lawfully, that is
674:
As noted above one cannot steal items "affixed to the earth" because such things are not personal property. However, one of the remarkable qualities of property is its shiftiness: its ability to change its character often and quickly, from real to personal and from personal to real. The principal
715:
In the case where it is a form of theft, distinguishing between embezzlement and larceny can be tricky. Making the distinction is particularly difficult when dealing with misappropriations of property by employees. To prove embezzlement, the state must show that the employee had possession of the
560:
Larceny protects the possession of goods – objects that have economic value. A good has economic value if it has a price; that is, the property can be sold in a market. Thus, if the property taken has no economic value, it is not subject to larceny statutes. Under contemporary larceny laws, it is
353:
Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary that the property be removed from the owner's premises or be taken off his property for an asportation to be complete. The slightest movement from its original position with the intent to steal is enough. The problem is proof. If a person picks up a
1610:
North
Carolina courts interpreted a statute passed by Parliament in 1528 as creating an offense called "larceny by employee"; an offense that was separate and distinct from common law larceny. However, as Perkins notes, the purpose of the statute was not to create a new offense but was merely to
652:
is a French word meaning "small"). Both were felonies, but the punishment for grand larceny was death while the punishment for petit larceny was forfeiture of property to the Crown and whipping. The classification was based on the value of the property taken. The offence was grand larceny if the
323:
To "deprive" another of property means (a) to withhold it or cause it to be withheld from him permanently or for so extended a period or under such circumstances that the major portion of its economic value or benefit is lost to him, or (b) to dispose of the property in such manner or under such
547:
The offender must have taken the property with the intent to steal it. Traditionally intent to steal is defined as the intent to deprive the owner of the possession of the property permanently. "Permanently" means indefinitely, that is, with no plan to return the property to the rightful owner.
349:
in his yard. As was his custom he turned the wheelbarrow upside down to avoid water collecting in the tub. The defendant intending to steal the wheelbarrow turned it over but was apprehended by the owner before he could push the wheelbarrow away. The court held that the defendant's acts did not
307:
The taking or caption element requires that the offender take actual physical control of the property, if but for a moment. Under the common law, it was not sufficient if the offender simply deprived the victim of possession; the offender must have gained control over the property. Thus merely
656:
Most jurisdictions have discarded the grand/petit terminology and use value to classify larcenies as felonies or misdemeanors. "Value" means the fair market value of the property at the time and place taken. Most jurisdictions also make certain larcenies felonies regardless of the value of the
368:
eliminates the asportation requirement and instead requires that the defendant "exercise unlawful control". The drafters noted that historically the asportation requirement distinguished larceny (a felony) and attempted larceny (a misdemeanor). They reasoned, therefore, that asportation was an
707:
or transaction log as being used for one specific purpose and then explicitly uses the funds from the checking account for another and completely different purpose. It is important to make clear that embezzlement is not always a form of theft or an act of stealing, since those definitions
694:. To say that the taking was not trespassory is to say that the person(s) performing the embezzlement had the right to possess, use, and/or access the assets in question, and that such person(s) subsequently secreted and converted the assets for an unintended and/or unsanctioned use.
291:
Examples of custody would be a store customer examining the goods of a merchant, or an employee who has been given the property of his employer to be used in his employment. This is to be contrasted to, for example, a person who has obtained actual possession of the property by fraud.
519:
on the car to secure payment for the work. The lien is a possessory lien meaning the repair person has the lien as long as he maintains possession of the car. If the title owner were to take the car from the lienholder this action could be prosecuted as larceny in some jurisdictions.
528:
The taking must be trespassory; that is, it must be without the consent of the owner. This means that the taking must have been accomplished by stealth, force, threat of force, or deceit. If the offender obtained possession lawfully then a subsequent misappropriation is not larceny.
299:(first 50 years of written University law, possibly borrowing from Greek law there is no copy of) was more lax about "simple possession"; it was assumed "borrowing" if there was no one to ask: unless or until other factors arose (such as refusal to return promptly when asked).
344:
of the doughnut is moved through rotation while the pie's exact center remains in the same place when rotated. The movement must also be an actual asportation, rather than movement in preparation. For example, in one case the victim had left his
501:
Most states have enacted statutes to expand the coverage of larceny to include most if not all of the items mentioned above. For example, North
Carolina has statutes that make it a crime to steal choses in action, growing crops and so on.
283:
A person has possession of property when he has actual physical control over the property (actual possession) or he has the right to exercise considerable control over the disposition or use of the property (constructive
435:
From its creation the subject matter of larceny has been tangible personal property, with a physical existence: items that can be seen, held, and felt (or in technical terms, property that has a "corporeal existence").
708:
specifically deal with taking something that does not belong to the perpetrator(s). Instead, embezzlement is, more generically, an act of deceitfully secreting assets by one or more persons that have been
278:
taking of property from possession of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of that property. To understand larceny, one must understand the distinction between custody and possession.
698:
requires that the secretion interferes with the property, rather than just relocate it. As in larceny, the measure is not the gain to the embezzler, but the loss to the asset stakeholders. An example of
637:. In Virginia the threshold is only $ 5 if taken from a person, or $ 500 if not taken from the person. The same penalty applies for stealing checks as for cash or other valuables. Some states (such as
242:
taking (caption) and carrying away (asportation, removal) of the tangible personal property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of its possession. Larceny is now codified as a
287:
A person has custody if he has actual physical control of the property, but the person who has constructive possession has substantially restricted the custodian's right to use the property.
206:
The common law offence of larceny was abolished on 1 August 1969, for all purposes not relating to offences committed before that date. It has been replaced by the broader offence of
137:
specifies the punishment for larceny, it is silent on the elements of the offence, leaving them to be articulated by the common law. The leading authority on larceny in NSW is the
475:, the crime would be larceny, but the grade of the offense would be determined by the value of the paper on which the formula was recorded, not the value of the recipe. (Theft of
552:
reasonable time. However, it is not a defense that the defendant did not know that the property belonged to the true owner, only that he knew that it did not belong to him.
369:
irrelevant requirement because in modern criminal law, like the Model Penal Code, the sentencing consequences between an attempted and completed crime are negligible.
1651:
629:, it is often defined as an amount valued at least $ 400. In New York, grand larceny refers to amounts of at least $ 1,000. Grand larceny is often classified as a
661:
for the misdemeanor level. Some states may also charge certain types of larceny as "robbery", "burglary", "theft", "shoplifting", "conversion", and other terms.
190:. This offence did incorporate some of the terminology and substance of larceny. Despite the offence's being abolished in England, it has been retained in the
133:
In the state of New South Wales, the common law offence of larceny is punishable with up to 5 years' imprisonment. Whilst section 117 of the New South Wales
161:
The common law offence of larceny was abolished on 1 August 2002. However, proceedings for larceny committed before its abolition are not affected by this.
914:
898:
882:
182:. It was abolished on 1 January 1969, for all purposes not relating to offences committed before that date. It has been replaced by the broader offence of
262:
Larceny is a crime against possession. Furthermore, it has two elements which must be met: the actual taking of the property, even if momentarily (
1032:
1297:
Larceny is a common law offense. The definition of the crime, its elements, evolved into its present form by the end of the thirteenth century.
1644:
1590:
249:
Under many states' larceny statutes, including
California, larceny can include the taking of "money, labor, or real or personal property."
498:, or other testamentary documents; wild animals; and items having no economic value cannot be the subjects of acts of common-law larceny.
548:
However, intent to steal includes other states of mind such as the intent to recklessly deprive the owner of the property permanently.
1058:
561:
normally sufficient to support a larceny charge if the item has any value to the owner, even if its market value would be negligible.
350:
satisfy the asportation element of larceny because the movement of the wheelbarrow had merely been preparatory to the carrying away.
2048:
1637:
59:
The crime of larceny has been abolished in
England, Wales, Ireland, and Northern Ireland, broken up into the specific crimes of
1792:
1107:
1844:
653:
value of the property taken was greater than twelve pence, approximately the value of a sheep in the thirteenth century.
1441:
797:
1111:
2883:
1384:
1328:
1139:
1018:
1003:
988:
422:
211:
515:
property from a person who had lawful possession. For example, states provide that a person who repairs a car had a
2725:
2647:
1719:
1307:
itself is larceny but that would only be a misdemeanor given the minimal value of the paper used to print the card.
1087:
712:
with such assets. The person(s) entrusted with such assets may or may not have an ownership stake in such assets.
1660:
2873:
404:
886:
2015:
17:
2720:
822:
2041:
2843:
2828:
1091:
644:
The classification of larceny as grand or petit larceny originated in an
English statute passed in 1275 (
592:
of the property at the time and place of the crime, or if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the
849:
2410:
2151:
1758:
1748:
971:
1924:
1700:
1564:, Singer and LaFond provide an analytical method for making these distinctions. Singer & LaFond,
1210:
616:
1496:
2878:
1432:
456:
400:
31:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1185:
312:
be either direct or indirect; that is, accomplished by the criminal himself or an innocent agent.
226:
Chart indicating the distribution of forms of larceny in the United States, according to the 2004
2525:
2034:
869:
741:
Larceny by trick is descriptive of the method used to obtain possession. The concept arose from
393:
138:
71:, theft, and related crimes. However, larceny remains an offence in parts of the United States,
2833:
2637:
2627:
2250:
2125:
1710:
1427:
565:
2868:
2622:
2387:
1882:
1202:
468:
49:
2715:
2632:
2617:
2511:
1919:
1914:
1805:
581:
227:
865:
8:
2805:
2181:
2069:
1972:
947:
931:
482:
Services and labor, as well as intangible personal property (incorporeal rights) such as
1007:
992:
2730:
2710:
2675:
2665:
2285:
2266:
2196:
2105:
1782:
1695:
175:
1611:
confirm that the acts described in the statute met the elements of common law larceny.
902:
2735:
2571:
2226:
2191:
1839:
1437:
1380:
1324:
1206:
1135:
1103:
735:
472:
88:
455:. Acts of common law larceny cannot be committed against intangible things, such as
44:
of the personal property of another person or business. It was an offence under the
2791:
2497:
2435:
2332:
1854:
1810:
1743:
593:
365:
191:
179:
1629:
439:
This limitation means that acts of common law larceny cannot be committed against
2765:
2691:
2367:
2273:
2171:
2100:
1829:
1316:
1131:
1095:
625:
is typically defined as larceny of a more significant amount of property. In the
134:
76:
340:
renders the rotating of a doughnut a larceny, but not the rotating of a pie, as
324:
circumstances as to render it unlikely that an owner will recover such property.
222:
2863:
2775:
2770:
2740:
2562:
2256:
2110:
2009:
1898:
1864:
1820:
1777:
1772:
1521:
958:
943:
927:
704:
638:
634:
495:
460:
187:
153:
elements required to be proven by the prosecution for a successful conviction.
899:
Criminal
Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001 (Commencement) Order 2002
2857:
2507:
2405:
2211:
2161:
1849:
1767:
1701:
Contempt of sovereign or statute (breach of any statutory wording as a crime)
1099:
777:
626:
612:
577:
573:
440:
243:
53:
2815:
2750:
2357:
2246:
2231:
1961:
1877:
683:
589:
476:
2838:
2519:
2515:
2425:
2176:
2090:
1690:
742:
346:
48:
of
England and became an offence in jurisdictions which incorporated the
2810:
2596:
2477:
2472:
2352:
2236:
2216:
2206:
2186:
2140:
2115:
2085:
1997:
1945:
1727:
1670:
1279:
Model Penal Code and
Commentaries, Comment to §223.2(1), at 164 (1980).
569:
491:
407: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
357:
That said, the asportation requirement is not universally required. In
264:
235:
150:
99:
The word "larceny" is a late Middle English word, from the French word
45:
1533:
Boyce & Perkins, Criminal Law 3rd ed. (Foundation Press 1982) 335.
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2760:
2745:
2680:
2586:
2581:
2550:
2540:
2502:
2440:
2420:
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2337:
1966:
1929:
296:
112:
2134:
1992:
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differs from larceny in two ways. First, in embezzlement, an actual
471:, such as information and ideas. For example, if a person stole the
382:
2700:
2670:
2591:
2535:
2487:
2462:
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2318:
2300:
2295:
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2221:
1834:
691:
483:
275:
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239:
146:
60:
1973:
Until-dawn detention for being a stranger passing a night-watchman
1033:"What's the Punishment for Theft? Depends On What State You're In"
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2290:
2201:
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2026:
1800:
972:"What is larceny? The meaning of the charge Danny Cipriani faced"
572:, and items of unascertainable value have special rules, and for
452:
443:
or items attached to or forming part of land, such as buildings,
268:), and the culpable intent to deprive another of their property (
64:
91:
without the owner's consent and without intending to return it.
2705:
2530:
2400:
2261:
2095:
1976:
1685:
630:
542:
195:
72:
1240:
See State v. Houston, 688 S.W.2d 838, 840 (Tenn.Cr.App. 1984).
2430:
2377:
2327:
2058:
729:
641:) use the term "felonious larceny" instead of grand larceny.
487:
464:
448:
207:
183:
68:
41:
798:"Danny Cipriani arrested in Jersey after nightclub incident"
2755:
2482:
584:
100 or greater. Otherwise, value is defined generally as:
516:
444:
1197:
West Virginia v. Chambers, 22 W. Va. 779 (1883); see also
1231:
Boyce & Perkins, Criminal Law, 3rd ed. (1992) at 324.
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of the property within a reasonable time after the crime.
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
611:"Grand larceny" redirects here. For the 1987 film, see
1551:
Singer & LaFond, Criminal Law (Aspen 1997) at 213.
841:
839:
738:(deception) to get possession of property is larceny.
234:
Larceny laws in the United States have their roots in
2130:
1116:
915:
Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001
883:
Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001
690:
must occur; second, the original taking must not be
1659:
1456:See N.Y. Penal L. § 155.20 (2), (3), (4), found at
1134:, Understanding Criminal Law, 3rd ed. (Lexis 2001)
836:
532:
1222:LaFave, Criminal Law 3rd ed. (West 2000) 804 n. 11
1497:"Virginia Grand Larceny Law Changes July 1, 2018"
2855:
678:
633:with the concomitant possibility of a harsher
2042:
1645:
257:
56:), where in many cases it remains in force.
40:is a crime involving the unlawful taking or
27:Crime, unlawful taking of personal property
2049:
2035:
1652:
1638:
1431:
1395:N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 14-70 through 14-86.3.
823:"NSW Crimes Act 1900 No. 40, section 117"
423:Learn how and when to remove this message
238:, pursuant to which larceny involves the
221:
1580:, 1 Leach 212, 168 Eng.Rep. 208 (1779).
1351:Criminal Law: Examples and Explanations
1249:34 N.Y.2d 453, 358 N.Y.S.2d 375 (1974).
1175:, 1 Leach 320, 168 Eng.Rep. 263 (1784).
795:
720:, 359 N.C. 246; 607 S.E.2d 599 (2005).
648:is a French word meaning "large" while
14:
2856:
1421:
174:The common law offence of larceny was
103:, "theft". Its probable Latin root is
2030:
1633:
1482:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.20 (1), found at
1469:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.30 (8), found at
1184:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.00 (3), found at
1030:
762:
405:adding citations to reliable sources
376:
372:
169:
1426:. Lexington Press. pp. 28–29.
201:
79:, Australia, involving the taking (
24:
2056:
1412:, 47 Ariz. 573, 58 P.2d 523 (1936)
1084:Criminal Law - Cases and Materials
1077:
1063:California Legislative Information
901:(S.I. No. 252/2002), article 2(a)
796:Meagher, Gerard (16 August 2018).
703:is when a person logs checks in a
555:
523:
128:
25:
2895:
1892:Forgery, personation and cheating
1591:"Browse - Central Criminal Court"
1408:, 3rd ed. (West 2000) 812 citing
1088:Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
1059:"California Penal Code, Sec. 487"
1019:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
1004:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
989:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
669:
451:, crops growing in the field, or
212:Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969
164:
145:(1987). This case stipulates the
2648:Perverting the course of justice
2133:
2124:
2072:. Not all types are listed here.
2003:
1991:
1709:
1031:Gayla, Marella (9 August 2017).
991:(c.16) (N.I.), section 30(1)(a)
664:
606:
381:
217:
2388:Intellectual property violation
2014:For current overview table see
1661:History of English criminal law
1624:, 3rd ed. (West 2000) Sec. 8.4.
1614:
1604:
1583:
1571:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1515:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1415:
1398:
1389:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1334:
1310:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
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1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1191:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1144:
1050:
1024:
1012:
997:
982:
964:
952:
749:
479:would be a different offense.)
392:needs additional citations for
1065:. California State Legislature
936:
920:
907:
891:
875:
855:
815:
789:
615:. For the 1922 lost film, see
13:
1:
1188:. Retrieved october 2, 2008.
1006:(c.16) (N.I.), section 33(1)
783:
509:
334:
1486:. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
1473:. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
1460:. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
679:Comparison with embezzlement
123:
118:
94:
7:
1939:Death against family honour
1806:Gross indecency between men
1759:Offences against the person
1542:N.C.G.S. 14 - 72(b)(1)- (6)
1484:N.Y. state Assembly website
1471:N.Y. state Assembly website
1458:N.Y. state Assembly website
1353:, 4th ed. Aspen (2005) 256.
771:
723:
601:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.20 (1).
329:N.Y. Penal L. § 155.00 (3).
252:
246:in all U.S. jurisdictions.
10:
2900:
2411:Possessing stolen property
1707:
1503:. Commonwealth of Virginia
1321:Understanding Criminal Law
727:
610:
564:Under New York State law,
540:
319:" is also sometimes used:
210:under section 1(1) of the
186:under section 1(1) of the
156:
29:
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2790:
2690:
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2606:
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2454:
2316:
2150:
2122:
2078:
2065:
1986:
1954:
1938:
1925:Champerty and maintenance
1907:
1891:
1865:Offences against property
1863:
1819:
1791:
1757:
1736:
1718:
1678:
1667:
1524:, Code of Virginia, 1950.
1349:See Singer & LaFond,
1186:NY State assembly website
930:(c.60), section 32(1)(a)
617:Grand Larceny (1922 film)
576:in the fourth degree, a
258:Possession versus custody
52:into their own law (also
2884:Organized crime activity
2510:(such as prohibition of
1908:Offences against justice
825:. Legislation.nsw.gov.au
274:). Larceny involves the
32:Larceny (disambiguation)
1979:and similar punishments
1422:Bequai, August (1978).
1323:, 3rd ed. (Lexis 2001)
1203:[1964] VicRp 41
302:
139:High Court of Australia
111:, "robber" (originally
2628:Miscarriage of justice
946:(c.60), section 35(1)
885:(No.50), section 3(2)
868:, (1987) 162 CLR 110,
852:Punishment for larceny
604:
332:
231:
2874:Personal property law
2623:Malfeasance in office
2068:Note: Crimes vary by
1883:Fraudulent conversion
1593:. Oldbaileyonline.org
1375:Boyce & Perkins,
1366:(Aspen 1987), at 256.
1362:Singer & LaFond,
1213:(Vic, Australia).
1163:, 75 Cal. 383 (1888).
917:(No.50), section 3(3)
586:
469:intellectual property
321:
315:The equivalent term "
225:
83:) and carrying away (
50:common law of England
2716:Cybersex trafficking
2478:Censorship violation
2016:English criminal law
1920:Compounding a felony
1915:Misprision of felony
1823:and kindred offences
1501:Virginia Law Library
1037:The Marshall Project
866:[1987] HCA 1
401:improve this article
228:Uniform Crime Report
30:For other uses, see
2508:Illegal consumption
2182:Criminal negligence
1340:4 Blackstone at 232
903:Irishstatutebook.ie
887:Irishstatutebook.ie
594:cost of replacement
580:must have value of
566:written instruments
2711:Child sexual abuse
2676:Wildlife smuggling
2666:Cruelty to animals
2455:Against the public
2286:Negligent homicide
2197:False imprisonment
2152:Against the person
2010:History portal
1975:; informal use of
1955:Criminal behaviour
1696:Arrestable offence
1568:(Aspen 1997), 221.
1021:(c.16), section 30
1008:Legislation.gov.uk
993:Legislation.gov.uk
978:. August 16, 2018.
961:(c.60), section 32
948:Legislation.gov.uk
932:Legislation.gov.uk
763:Aggregation issues
364:Additionally, the
232:
107:, a derivative of
2851:
2850:
2834:Wikimedia Commons
2792:Inchoate offenses
2736:Indecent exposure
2227:Human trafficking
2192:Domestic violence
2024:
2023:
1840:Blasphemous libel
1720:Inchoate offences
1679:Classes of crimes
1379:, 3rd ed. (1992)
1270:Section 223.2(1).
1108:978-1-4548-0698-1
736:confidence tricks
533:Intent to steal (
473:Coca-Cola formula
457:love or affection
433:
432:
425:
373:Personal property
170:England and Wales
89:personal property
16:(Redirected from
2891:
2498:Ethnic cleansing
2436:Trespass to land
2333:Arms trafficking
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2037:
2028:
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2008:
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1996:
1995:
1855:Defamatory libel
1811:Indecent assault
1744:Marital coercion
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1112:law.stanford.edu
1086:, 7th ed. 2012,
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330:
202:Northern Ireland
192:Crown Dependency
180:Larceny Act 1916
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1410:Impson v. State
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1317:Joshua Dressler
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1161:People v. Meyer
1159:
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1132:Joshua Dressler
1130:
1117:
1096:Robert Weisberg
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718:State v. Weaver
681:
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556:Must have value
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524:Without consent
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359:People v. Alamo
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1443:978-0669017281
1442:
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1424:Computer Crime
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1173:King v. Lapier
1165:
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996:
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963:
959:Theft Act 1968
951:
944:Theft Act 1968
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928:Theft Act 1968
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623:Grand larceny
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613:Grand Larceny
607:Grand larceny
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413:December 2008
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51:
47:
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33:
19:
18:Grand larceny
2869:Criminal law
2816:Solicitation
2751:Prostitution
2741:Masturbation
2572:Lèse-majesté
2561:Against the
2358:Embezzlement
2247:Manslaughter
2232:Intimidation
2070:jurisdiction
2067:
1962:Common scold
1878:Embezzlement
1872:
1691:Misdemeanour
1669:Part of the
1622:Criminal Law
1621:
1616:
1606:
1595:. Retrieved
1585:
1577:
1573:
1566:Criminal Law
1565:
1562:Criminal Law
1561:
1556:
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1529:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1500:
1491:
1478:
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1417:
1409:
1406:Criminal Law
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1377:Criminal Law
1376:
1371:
1364:Criminal Law
1363:
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1261:at 379, 381.
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1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1062:
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893:
877:
872:(Australia).
861:
857:
845:
827:. Retrieved
817:
805:. Retrieved
802:The Guardian
801:
791:
766:
757:
753:
750:By employees
740:
733:
717:
714:
709:
700:
695:
687:
684:Embezzlement
682:
673:
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622:
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590:market value
587:
563:
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481:
459:, identity (
438:
434:
419:
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399:Please help
394:verification
391:
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284:possession).
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84:
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58:
37:
36:
2721:Fornication
2638:Obstruction
2618:Compounding
2426:Tax evasion
2177:Child abuse
2091:Misdemeanor
1749:Provocation
1578:King v Pear
1092:John Kaplan
1056:See, e.g.,
976:inews.co.uk
743:Pear's Case
692:trespassory
486:rights and
347:wheelbarrow
276:trespassory
240:trespassory
105:latrocinium
85:asportation
2858:Categories
2829:WikiSource
2811:Incitement
2806:Conspiracy
2681:Bestiality
2633:Misprision
2597:Subversion
2551:War crimes
2546:Usurpation
2473:Corruption
2353:Cybercrime
2237:Kidnapping
2217:Hate crime
2207:Harassment
2187:Defamation
2141:Law portal
2116:Corruption
2106:Indictable
2086:Infraction
1946:Felo de se
1728:Incitement
1671:common law
1597:2013-11-12
1522:§ 18.2-98.
1069:30 October
1042:30 October
870:High Court
850:s 117
829:2013-11-12
784:References
728:See also:
701:conversion
696:Conversion
688:conversion
541:See also:
510:Of another
335:Carry away
265:actus reus
236:common law
151:actus reus
46:common law
2839:Wikiquote
2781:Voyeurism
2761:Pederasty
2746:Obscenity
2587:Secession
2582:Espionage
2541:Terrorism
2503:Smuggling
2441:Vandalism
2421:Smuggling
2363:Extortion
2338:Blackmail
2251:corporate
2057:Types of
1967:Loitering
1930:Embracery
1845:Blasphemy
1783:Treachery
1428:CiteSeerX
1151:interests
862:Ilich v R
807:16 August
710:entrusted
449:shrubbery
297:Roman law
143:Ilich v R
124:Australia
119:By nation
113:mercenary
95:Etymology
75:, and in
2844:Wikinews
2701:Adultery
2671:Poaching
2607:Against
2592:Sedition
2536:Regicide
2488:Genocide
2463:Apostasy
2445:Mischief
2383:Gambling
2348:Burglary
2319:property
2317:Against
2301:Stabbing
2296:Stalking
2279:Homicide
2242:Menacing
2222:Homicide
1899:Cheating
1835:Sedition
1761:or state
1737:Defences
1620:Lafave,
1404:Lafave,
772:See also
724:By trick
635:sentence
599:—
496:codicils
484:contract
453:minerals
327:—
295:Ancient
271:mens rea
253:Elements
176:codified
147:mens rea
141:case of
61:burglary
2801:Attempt
2643:Perjury
2609:justice
2577:Treason
2520:smoking
2516:alcohol
2483:Dueling
2468:Begging
2416:Robbery
2396:Looting
2392:Larceny
2373:Forgery
2343:Bribery
2306:Torture
2291:Robbery
2249: (
2202:Frameup
2172:Battery
2167:Assault
2101:Summary
2079:Classes
1873:Larceny
1801:Buggery
1507:25 June
1331:at 556.
317:deprive
178:by the
157:Ireland
81:caption
65:robbery
38:Larceny
2731:Incest
2706:Bigamy
2531:Piracy
2518:, and
2401:Payola
2267:felony
2262:Murder
2257:Mayhem
2111:Hybrid
2096:Felony
1977:stocks
1686:Felony
1673:series
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734:Using
631:felony
543:Furtum
467:), or
196:Jersey
101:larcin
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2864:Theft
2563:state
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2431:Theft
2378:Fraud
2328:Arson
2059:crime
1288:§5.01
1209:293,
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730:Fraud
650:petit
646:grand
492:wills
465:fraud
445:trees
208:theft
184:theft
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69:fraud
42:theft
2756:Rape
1509:2018
1438:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1325:ISBN
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1071:2017
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588:the
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