704:, realizing that the insurgents had formed no government by midnight, assembled some members of the council and other prominent personalities on his own initiative. They sent a delegation to the grand duke, but when he stated again that he did not wish to intervene in any way, the committees decided to take matters into their own hands. Konstantin's involvement remained minimal, showing considerable restraint in not wanting to use Russian troops to help put down the rebellion. The timid response that he did give was that he would not attack the city of Warsaw without giving it 48 hours' notice, that he would intercede between the emperor and the Polish Kingdom, and would not order Lithuanian troops to enter Poland. What he was trying to accomplish was to remain neutral at all costs, which led to a belief among his fellow Russians that he was more sensitive towards the Polish independence than to Russian dominance. The securing of neutrality from Konstantin gave the Polish government the feeling that Russia would not attack Poland and gave it the chance effectively to quash the uprising.
433:
693:). After the attempt on Konstantin's life, a secret court was set up to prosecute those who were responsible. "It was learned that Nicholas had ordered the Grand Duke Konstantin ... to start an energetic investigation and court-martial the culprits ... the committee at its session of 27 November decided irrevocably to start the revolution on the evening of the 29th, at 6pm." Like the assassination, the recruitment of army units by the rebels failed; only two units joined them, and only the capture of the armory and the subsequent arming of the populace kept the revolt alive. Konstantin saw the revolt as a strictly Polish affair and refused to use troops, as he could have, because it was foolish politically. He could trust his Russian troops, but to use them might be considered a violation of the kingdom's independence and even an act of war.
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December, retreated toward Russia. Following the failure of the uprising, Konstantin expressed admiration for the valor of the Polish insurgents. The policy of neutrality at all costs has led to
Konstantin being viewed two ways through the scope of history. Either he would be viewed by the Russian royal family as weak and sympathetic to the Poles, or he would be seen as a seed for the idea of a soon to be independent Poland, but he was effectively only trying to avoid a wider war.
579:
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677:, Konstantin maintained his position in Poland. Differences soon arose between him and his brother because of the part taken by the Poles in the Decembrist conspiracy. Konstantin hindered the unveiling of the organized plotting for independence, which had been going on in Poland for many years, and held obstinately to the belief that the army and the bureaucracy were loyally devoted to the Russian Empire. The eastern policy of the Tsar and the
424:
Marble Palace where “he and his aides beat and gang-raped her, starting with generals, then officers and finally servants and guardsmen, breaking her legs and arms. She died soon afterwards.” Emperor
Alexander I attempted to cover up the crime then, when General Kutuzov insisted on investigating, “announced a special commission which outrageously declared that Madame Araujo had died of a stroke”. Konstantin continued as the heir of the empire.
2414:
364:'s mind is constantly taken up with the idea of creating an empire in the East; he has managed to fascinate the Empress with these feelings, and she proved so subject to his chimeras that she christened the new-born Grand Prince Constantine, gave him as nursemaid a Greek by the name of Helen, and talks in her own circles about how to place him on the throne of the Eastern empire. At the same time she is setting up a town at
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Because of that setback, he was limited to the resources around him. If he decided to intervene, it would require a different source of manpower. He was limited to the handful of Polish troops he could gather together. Constantin thus refused to send his troops against the revolutionaries: "The Poles
463:
Konstantin never tried to secure the throne. After his father's death in 1801, he led a disorderly bachelor life. He abstained from politics, but remained faithful to his military inclinations, without manifesting anything more than a preference for the externalities of the service. In command of the
724:(now in Belarus) on 27 June 1831 and did not live to see the suppression of the revolution. His frequent stands against the wishes of the Imperial Family were perceived in Russia as brave, even gallant. In Poland, he was viewed as a tyrant, hated by the military and civilian population alike, and in
423:
Konstantin's violent behaviour continued unabated. In 1802, he asked a close friend, General Karl Baur, to hand over his mistress, the wife of a
Portuguese businessman, Madame Araujo. Baur agreed but Araujo refused to sleep with the Grand Duke. In retaliation, he had her kidnapped and brought to his
403:
was supposed to be the actual tutor, but he too in his turn transferred the burden to another, interfering personally only on exceptional occasions, and exercised no influence upon the character of the passionate, restless and headstrong boy. The only person who exerted a responsible influence was
487:
and an upholder of the Russo-French alliance. He therefore lost the confidence of his brother
Alexander; to the latter, the French alliance was merely a means to an end. This view was not held by Konstantin; even in 1812, after the fall of Moscow, he pressed for a speedy conclusion of peace with
707:
After ensuring
Russian neutrality, Konstantin retreated behind Russian lines. That further confused the Polish government regarding its status with Russia because of a previous Russian promise to help put down the rebellion. The patriotic Poles could not have been more pleased. Konstantin, on 3
419:
recorded in her memoirs, "The brutal
Constantine treated his consort like a slave. So far did he forget all good manners and decency that, in the presence of his rough officers, he made demands on her, as his property, which will hardly bear being hinted of." Due to his violent treatment and
507:
he distinguished himself by personal bravery. In Paris the grand duke excited public ridicule by the manifestation of his petty military fads. His first visit was to the stables, and it was said that he had been marching and drilling even in his private rooms.
460:, which according to the fundamental law of the constitution belonged only to the heir to the throne. Though it cannot be proved that this action of the tsar denoted any far-reaching plan, it yet shows that Paul already distrusted the grand-duke Alexander.
1994:"Herzog Friedrich Eugen (1732–1797) – Briefwechsel des Herzogs mit dem kaiserlichen Hause von Russland, 1795–1797 – 3. Schreiben der jungen Großfürsten Alexander und Konstantin und Großfürstinnen Alexandrina, Anna, Katharina, Elisabeth, Helene, Maria"
420:
suffering health problems as a result, Juliane separated from
Konstantin in 1799; she eventually settled in Switzerland. An attempt by Konstantin in 1814 to convince her to return broke down in the face of her firm opposition.
547:). During his rule, he was in charge of appointing all military leaders, including those in Poland. Each of these men were required to serve his goal of making the Polish Army a similar version of Russia's supreme military.
492:, he too opposed the policy which carried the war across the Russian frontier to victorious conclusion upon French soil. His personal behaviour towards both his own men and French prisoners was eccentric and cruel.
661:
When
Alexander I died on 1 December 1825, Grand Duke Nicholas had Konstantin proclaimed emperor in Saint Petersburg. In Warsaw meanwhile, Konstantin abdicated the throne. When that became public knowledge, the
287:'s reign, but had secretly renounced his claim to the throne in 1823. For 25 days after the death of Alexander I, from 19 November (O.S.)/1 December 1825 to 14 December (O.S.)/26 December 1825 he was known as
558:
lapped up the freedoms of education, scholarship and economic development, but key deficiencies in Poland's autonomy like lack of control over the budget, military, and trade left them hungry for more. The
306:
and to take frequent stands against the wishes of his brother
Alexander I, for which he is remembered fondly in Russia, but in his capacity as the governor of Poland he is remembered as a hated ruler.
1634:
2362:
399:), she regulated every detail of his physical and mental education; but in accordance with her usual custom, she left the carrying out of her views to the men who were in her confidence. Count
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629:
Connected with that, he renounced any claim to the
Russian succession, which was formally completed in 1822. After the marriage, he became increasingly attached to his new home of Poland.
3369:
740:, (together with letters from his siblings) written between 1795 and 1797, are preserved in the State Archive of Stuttgart (Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart) in Stuttgart, Germany.
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After 19 years of separation, the marriage of Konstantin and Juliane was formally annulled on 20 March 1820. Two months later, on 27 May, Konstantin married the Polish
594:, replaced Poles with Russians on important posts in local administration and the army and often insulted and assaulted his subordinates, which led to conflicts in the
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of which he felt personally proud. That also led to him being mocked, which he did not help by sending his adjutants with threats to those "guilty" of it like
571:, pressed for reforms including more independence for the judiciary. Alexander, calling their actions an "abuse" of liberty, suspended the Polish parliament (
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349:. A medal with antique figures was struck to commemorate his birth; it bears the inscription "Back to Byzantium" which clearly alludes to Catherine's
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was twice obliged to send him away from the army due to his disorderly conduct. His share in the battles in Germany and France was insignificant. At
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have started this disturbance, and it's Poles that must stop it", and he left the suppression of the revolt in the hands of the Polish government.
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An assassination attempt was made on the life of Grand Duke Konstantin, which precipitated the November 1830 insurrection in Warsaw (the
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scrambled in secret meetings to convince regimental leaders not to swear allegiance to Nicholas. The efforts would culminate in the
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in 1828 to 1829 caused a fresh breach between them. The opposition of Konstantin made the Polish army take no part in the war.
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Vicende e personaggi dell'Insigne e reale Ordine di San Gennaro dalla sua fondazione alla fine del Regno delle Due Sicilie
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Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri
2254:[Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578–1830)].
540:
528:
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was used for all Tsar's sons from the times of Ivan IV to Peter I. Only heirs to the throne included in this template.
405:
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590:) and suppressed the Polish patriotic movements, leading to further popular discontent. Konstantin also harassed the
213:
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Hof- und Staats-Schematismus der Röm. Kais. auch Kais. Königlich- und Erzherzoglichen Haupt-und-Residenzstadt Wien
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Konstantin, attempting to execute his brother's mandate to silence dissent, strengthened the secret police (
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531:), with a task of the militarization and discipline of Poland. In Congress Poland, he received the post of
516:
Konstantin's importance in political history dates from when his brother, Tsar Alexander, installed him in
476:
in the coalition's history; while in 1807 neither his skill nor his fortune in war showed any improvement.
134:
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334:. Of all Paul's children, Konstantin most closely resembled his father both physically and mentally.
1026:
575:) for five years and authorised Konstantin to maintain order in the kingdom by any means necessary.
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he distinguished himself by personal bravery, so that the emperor Paul bestowed on him the title of
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during the campaign of 1805, he had a share of the responsibility for the Russian defeat at the
391:
The direction of the boy's upbringing was entirely in the hands of his grandmother, the empress
331:
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2769:
2447:
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1097:
1076:
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61:
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title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
3257:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
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2747:
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814:
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Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
2015:
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292:
408:, who was tutor-in-chief from 1783 to May 1795 and educated both the empress's grandsons.
185:
8:
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The Imperfect Autocrat. Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich and the Polish Congress Kingdom
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503:, on 26 August, his military knowledge failed him at the decisive moment, but at
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During this time, Konstantin's first campaign took place under the leadership of
361:
291:, although he never reigned and never acceded to the throne. His younger brother
103:
2212:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter"
1628:
610:. Nevertheless, Konstantin was an ardent supporter of Polish musicians, such as
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2210:
Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler
603:
578:
544:
535:
of the forces of the kingdom to which was added in 1819 the command of the
377:
295:
became tsar in 1825. The succession controversy became the pretext of the
2834:'s son from his fifth (or seventh) marriage, and thus illegitimate by the
1635:
American Association of Teachers of Slavic and Eastern European Languages
1072:
536:
457:
109:
2856:
2442:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2.
591:
350:
261:
539:
troops and of those of the Russian provinces that had belonged to the
3250:
of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
2835:
303:
484:
2419:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2591:
2365:[Military William Order: Romanov, Konstantin Pavlovich].
721:
717:
587:
524:
489:
411:
Catherine arranged Konstantin's marriage as she had Alexander's;
289:
His Imperial Majesty Konstantin I Emperor and Sovereign of Russia
269:
208:
154:
1927:
1925:
395:. As in the case of her eldest grandson (afterwards the emperor
2468:
1786:
929:
883:
651:
415:, 14, and Konstantin, 16, were married on 26 February 1796. As
2338:"Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro"
1933:
The Cambridge History of Poland; From Augustus II to Pilsudski
1751:"'The November evening': The Warsaw uprising of November 1830"
1705:
3247:
1922:
1051:
684:
598:. The Sejm, until then mostly dominated by supporters of the
3415:
Burials at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
1689:
Unravelling Civilisation: European Travel And Travel Writing
632:
256:
27 April] 1779 – 27 June [
572:
387:
Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld aka Anna Fedorovna
3370:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
2452:
The Romanovs: The Story of Russia and its Empire 1613-1918
2318:
Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1831
602:
with Russia, saw his actions as disobedience of the very
2363:"Militaire Willems-Orde: Romanov, Konstantin Pavlovitsj"
1876:
1874:
643:
2256:
Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
2355:
1629:
Maya Kucherskaya, Higher School of Economics, Moscow.
1117:
Ancestors of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia
550:
Alexander's policies were liberal by the standards of
1871:
3390:
Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William
3375:
Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
2283:. Ingolstadt: Ganghofer'sche Buchdruckerei. p.
1655:
511:
2073:"Ritter-Orden: Militärischer Maria-Theresien-Orden"
1960:
Polish Politics and the Revolution of November 1830
3365:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
1897:
1504:Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
3380:Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Max Joseph
2390:Königlich sächsischer Hof-Civil-und Militär-Staat
3276:
3242:born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by
2446:
2342:Calendario manual y guía de forasteros en Madrid
1935:. Cambridge University Press. 1941. p. 293.
1796:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–132.
1711:
2575:
2308:
2053:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp.
2020:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1799. pp.
3360:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
2297:
2229:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 513.
2159:Per Nordenvall (1998). "Kungl. Maj:ts Orden".
2158:
2045:
2043:
1686:
1320:Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
3395:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword
2872:
2561:
1895:
1624:
1622:
1620:
728:, Konstantin is portrayed as a cruel despot.
527:(however, he was not the "official viceroy",
2509:. St Petersburg: A.S. Suvorin, 1899. 2 vols.
2291:
1647:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3340:18th-century people from the Russian Empire
2314:
2105:Almanacco Reale del Regno Delle Due Sicilie
2040:
1142:Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
2879:
2865:
2568:
2554:
2537:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2280:Der K. Bayerische Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden
2183:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2051:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817
2017:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1799
1728:. Harper Perennial. pp. 121 and 403.
1617:
1530:Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
685:Failed assassination and November Uprising
102:
18:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia
3330:Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
2886:
2131:
2093:
1840:
1442:Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis
1346:Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia
1262:Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
1077:Grand Cross of the Military William Order
736:Konstantin's letters to his grandfather,
633:Succession crisis and Decembrist Uprising
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2424:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1723:
1674:
738:Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
642:
577:
431:
382:
376:Grand Duke Konstantin of Russia, son of
371:
318:on 27 April 1779, the second son of the
181:Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
43:This article includes a list of general
2512:
2141:(in Italian), p. 9, archived from
1780:
1726:1812 – Napoleon's Fatal March on Moscow
1031:Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order
627:Her Serene Highness Princess of Łowicz.
452:was lost by Konstantin's fault; but at
14:
3277:
3062:Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich
2335:
2249:
1957:
1755:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
1483:
1468:Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
1384:Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg
1363:
1359:
1349:
1241:
1131:
1127:
870:Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit
353:. According to the British ambassador
3400:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
3295:People from Pushkin, Saint Petersburg
3072:Grand Duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
2860:
2549:
2276:
1904:. Columbia University Press. p.
1900:God's Playground: 1795 to the present
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302:Konstantin was known to eschew court
2224:
2101:"Capitolo XIV: Ordini cavallereschi"
1748:
29:
3385:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
3350:Infectious disease deaths in Russia
3057:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
1562:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia
899:Grand Cross of the Sword, 1st Class
711:
472:, however he did capture the first
199:3 children with mistresses (Pavel,
24:
3133:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
3001:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
2896:The generations are numbered from
2507:T︠S︡esarevich Konstantin Pavlovich
2499:
2161:Kungliga Serafimerorden: 1748–1998
1410:Frederick II Eugene of Württemberg
529:namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland
488:Napoleon, and, like field marshal
427:
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3441:
3315:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
3102:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
3067:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
3037:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
512:Governor of the Kingdom of Poland
3325:Pretenders to the Russian throne
3143:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
3087:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
3027:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
2970:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
2590:
2412:
2198:Court Calendar for the Year 1821
1979:Nowa encyklopedia powszechna PWN
1086:
1065:
1044:
1019:
999:
978:
956:
936:
910:
877:
847:
826:
751:
34:
3300:People from Tsarskoselsky Uyezd
3192:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
3169:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
3158:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
3148:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
3138:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
3092:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
3077:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
3047:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
3042:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
3006:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
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2329:
2270:
2243:
2218:
2203:
2191:
2152:
2125:
2065:
2008:
1986:
1966:
1962:. Greenwood Press. p. 123.
1951:
1939:
1859:
1834:
838:Military Order of Maria Theresa
483:he became an ardent admirer of
413:Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
27:19th-century Russian grand duke
3228:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
3186:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
3153:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
3112:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
3107:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
3097:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
3011:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
2484:. Cambridge University Press.
1841:Fiszerowa, Wirydianna (1998).
1822:
1810:
1742:
1717:
1687:Schulz-Forberg, Hagen (2005).
1680:
793:Order of St. John of Jerusalem
774:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
541:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
436:Portrait of Konstantin at the
283:for most of his elder brother
277:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
260:15 June] 1831) was a
234:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
13:
1:
3305:19th-century Russian monarchs
3052:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
2454:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2405:
2107:(in Italian), 1829, pp.
1996:. Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart
625:, who was given the title of
368:to be called Konstantingorod.
309:
3405:Children of Paul I of Russia
3310:19th-century Polish monarchs
3210:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
3082:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
2980:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
2369:(in Dutch). 19 November 1818
2225:M. & B. Wattel. (2009).
1610:
990:Military Order of Max Joseph
135:Saint Petersburg Governorate
7:
3163:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
2513:Pienkos, Angela T. (1987).
2480:A Concise History of Poland
2287:– via hathitrust.org.
1793:A concise history of Poland
1691:. Peter Lang. p. 229.
1108:
1056:Knight of the Golden Fleece
731:
656:Russian interregnum of 1825
639:Russian interregnum of 1825
10:
3446:
2912:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
2393:. Weidmann. 1828. p.
2336:Guerra, Francisco (1819),
2304:. Eredi Botta. p. 98.
2250:Teulet, Alexandre (1863).
1790:, Hubert Zawadzki (2001).
1477:
1361:
1235:
1129:
1010:Knight of the Annunciation
743:
636:
623:Countess Joanna Grudzińska
320:Tsesarevich Paul Petrovich
3237:
3219:
3201:
3178:
3120:
3019:
2988:
2957:
2941:
2920:
2904:
2894:
2820:
2731:
2704:
2603:
2584:
2163:(in Swedish). Stockholm.
1845:. Warsaw: Świat Książki.
1767:10.1080/13518040308430571
1547:
1539:
1511:
1489:
1485:
1449:
1427:
1419:
1391:
1369:
1365:
1327:
1305:
1297:
1269:
1247:
1243:
1207:
1185:
1177:
1149:
1133:
967:Knight of the Holy Spirit
921:Knight of the Black Eagle
337:His paternal grandmother
249:
229:
219:
207:
193:
176:
164:
144:
117:
101:
96:
3410:Sons of Russian emperors
214:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
170:Peter and Paul Cathedral
2448:Sebag Montefiore, Simon
2439:Encyclopædia Britannica
2367:Ministerie van Defensie
2298:Luigi Cibrario (1869).
1724:Zamoyski, Adam (2005).
1098:Knight of the Rue Crown
861:Knight of St. Januarius
654:coin issued during the
612:Maria Agata Szymanowska
314:Konstantin was born in
64:more precise citations.
3355:Tsesarevichs of Russia
2321:. Guttenberg. p.
1896:Norman Davies (2005).
1288:Catherine II of Russia
890:Knight of the Seraphim
815:Knight of St. Vladimir
658:
583:
563:, led by the brothers
441:
388:
380:
370:
268:and the second son of
3320:Grand dukes of Russia
2888:Grand Dukes of Russia
2705:Without special title
2430:Constantine Pavlovich
1974:"KONSTANTY PAWŁOWICZ"
1712:Sebag Montefiore 2017
988:: Grand Cross of the
945:: Grand Eagle of the
836:: Grand Cross of the
646:
637:Further information:
581:
495:During the campaign,
474:French Imperial Eagle
435:
386:
375:
359:
345:, the founder of the
343:Constantine the Great
250:Константи́н Па́влович
2315:Württemberg (1831).
2258:(in French) (2): 113
802:Knight of St. George
765:Knight of St. Andrew
608:Wirydianna Fiszerowa
569:Wincenty Niemojowski
470:battle of Austerlitz
450:battle of Bassignana
347:Eastern Roman Empire
242:Konstantin Pavlovich
97:Konstantin Pavlovich
3345:Deaths from cholera
2277:Ruith, Max (1882).
1958:Leslie, R. (1969).
1749:Dunn, John (2003).
1168:Peter III of Russia
1006:Kingdom of Sardinia
791:Grand Cross of the
716:Konstantin died of
505:La Fère-Champenoise
440:, a Russian victory
339:Catherine the Great
332:Duke of Württemberg
183:(m. 1796 ann. 1820)
3335:Cavalry commanders
1843:Dzieje moje własne
1037:; with Blue Band,
986:Kingdom of Bavaria
917:Kingdom of Prussia
783:Knight of St. Anna
659:
592:liberal opposition
584:
556:Classical liberals
533:commander-in-chief
442:
389:
381:
328:Friedrich II Eugen
252:; 8 May [
189:(m.1820 wid. 1831)
3420:Heirs presumptive
3272:
3271:
2898:Peter I of Russia
2854:
2853:
2587:Tsardom of Russia
2236:978-2-35077-135-9
1915:978-0-231-12819-3
1803:978-0-521-55917-1
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1094:Kingdom of Saxony
963:Kingdom of France
834:Habsburg Monarchy
726:Polish literature
691:November Uprising
668:Decembrist revolt
648:Constantine ruble
582:Joanna Grudzińska
561:Kalisz Opposition
297:Decembrist revolt
239:
238:
186:Joanna Grudzińska
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
3437:
3265:
3258:
3251:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2846:tsarevich Dmitry
2594:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2528:
2505:Karnovich, E.P.
2495:
2465:
2443:
2426:Seccombe, Thomas
2418:
2416:
2415:
2399:
2398:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2344:(in Spanish): 42
2333:
2327:
2326:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2222:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2174:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2140:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2079:, 1802, p.
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2063:
2062:
2047:
2038:
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2012:
2006:
2005:
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2001:
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1983:
1970:
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1784:
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1773:
1746:
1740:
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1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1638:
1626:
1226:Paul I of Russia
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1081:19 November 1818
1071:
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1002:
984:
982:
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959:
947:Legion of Honour
941:
940:
939:
915:
914:
913:
894:24 November 1800
882:
881:
880:
853:
851:
850:
832:
830:
829:
819:11 November 1807
757:
755:
754:
712:Death and legacy
664:Northern Society
497:Barclay de Tolly
401:Nikolai Saltykov
341:named him after
324:Maria Fyodorovna
281:heir-presumptive
251:
224:Paul I of Russia
151:
127:
125:
106:
94:
93:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
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3268:
3263:
3256:
3241:
3233:
3220:10th generation
3215:
3197:
3174:
3116:
3015:
2984:
2953:
2937:
2916:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2855:
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2727:
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2599:
2580:
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2529:
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2502:
2500:Further reading
2492:
2474:Hubert Zawadzki
2462:
2413:
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2196:
2192:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2157:
2153:
2148:on 4 March 2016
2145:
2138:
2132:Angelo Scordo,
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746:
734:
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702:Ksawery Lubecki
687:
641:
635:
616:Frédéric Chopin
518:Congress Poland
514:
481:peace of Tilsit
466:Imperial Guards
430:
428:Napoleonic Wars
362:Prince Potemkin
312:
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56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3443:
3433:
3432:
3430:Sons of counts
3427:
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3402:
3397:
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3387:
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3377:
3372:
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3234:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3205:
3203:
3202:9th generation
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3179:8th generation
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3121:7th generation
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3020:6th generation
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2989:5th generation
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2958:4th generation
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2942:3rd generation
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2921:2nd generation
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2905:1st generation
2902:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:claimed to be
2838:
2829:
2821:
2818:
2817:
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2814:
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2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2596:Russian Empire
2589:(1547–1721) /
2585:
2582:
2581:
2578:Russian throne
2573:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2523:
2510:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2470:Jerzy Lukowski
2466:
2460:
2444:
2434:Chisholm, Hugh
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2380:
2354:
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2007:
1985:
1965:
1950:
1938:
1921:
1914:
1885:
1870:
1858:
1851:
1833:
1821:
1809:
1802:
1788:Jerzy Lukowski
1779:
1761:(3): 126–135.
1741:
1734:
1716:
1714:, p. 284.
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867:
844:
823:
822:
821:
812:
810:8 October 1813
799:
789:
780:
771:
759:Russian Empire
747:
745:
742:
733:
730:
713:
710:
700:Polish Prince
686:
683:
634:
631:
600:personal union
513:
510:
438:Battle of Novi
429:
426:
417:Caroline Bauer
406:Cesar La Harpe
326:, daughter of
316:Tsarskoye Selo
311:
308:
237:
236:
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159:Russian Empire
152:(aged 52)
146:
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139:Russian Empire
131:Tsarskoye Selo
119:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3425:Sons of dukes
3423:
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3411:
3408:
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3398:
3396:
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3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3244:Alexander III
3240:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3206:
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3055:
3053:
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3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Alexander III
3030:
3028:
3025:
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3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
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2987:
2981:
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363:
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2366:
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2255:
2245:
2226:
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2193:
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2134:
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1988:
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1977:
1968:
1959:
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1941:
1932:
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1861:
1842:
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1758:
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1059:
1038:
1034:
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925:7 April 1805
924:
902:
893:
864:
855:Two Sicilies
841:
818:
809:
805:
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786:
777:
768:
735:
715:
706:
699:
695:
688:
672:
660:
626:
620:
604:constitution
585:
549:
545:Western Krai
521:
515:
494:
478:
462:
443:
422:
410:
393:Catherine II
390:
378:Emperor Paul
360:
355:James Harris
336:
313:
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288:
241:
240:
203:, Konstasia)
150:(1831-06-15)
148:15 June 1831
108:Portrait by
91:
76:
67:
48:
3290:1831 deaths
3285:1779 births
3128:Nicholas II
2965:Alexander I
2807:(1899–1904)
2751:(1796–1801)
2697:(1690–1718)
2642:(1598–1605)
2604:Tsareviches
2598:(1721–1917)
2373:21 December
2118:22 December
2086:21 December
2000:22 November
1073:Netherlands
1027:Württemberg
951:7 July 1807
679:Turkish War
565:Bonawentura
552:Restoration
543:(so called
458:tsesarevich
397:Alexander I
285:Alexander I
110:George Dawe
62:introducing
3279:Categories
2975:Nicholas I
2755:Konstantin
2406:References
2348:2 November
675:Nicholas I
537:Lithuanian
479:After the
351:Greek Plan
310:Early life
262:grand duke
201:Konstantin
124:1779-04-27
70:March 2023
45:references
2933:Peter III
2840:Son of a
2836:canon law
2826:Tsarevich
2824:Title of
2813:(1904–17)
2801:(1894–99)
2795:(1881–94)
2787:(1865–81)
2784:Alexander
2779:(1855–65)
2773:(1825–55)
2770:Alexander
2765:(1823–25)
2757:(1801–23)
2748:Alexander
2743:(1762–96)
2724:(1742–62)
2685:(1676–81)
2677:(1670–76)
2669:(1654–70)
2663:(1648–49)
2657:(1629–45)
2627:(1581–84)
2619:(1554–81)
2613:(1552–53)
2533:cite book
2428:(1911). "
2179:cite book
1611:Citations
650:, a rare
304:etiquette
2928:Peter II
2792:Nicholas
2777:Nicholas
2762:Nicholas
2476:(2001).
2450:(2017).
2200:, p. 135
1946:Lukowski
1866:Lukowski
1831:, p. 125
1829:Lukowski
1819:, p. 124
1817:Lukowski
1643:cite web
1109:Ancestry
732:Archives
554:Europe.
522:de facto
485:Napoleon
293:Nicholas
2832:Ivan IV
2805:Michael
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2423::
1948:, p.132
1868:, p.127
744:Honours
722:Vitebsk
718:cholera
588:Ochrana
525:viceroy
501:Dresden
490:Kutuzov
446:Suvorov
270:Emperor
246:Russian
155:Vitebsk
58:improve
2949:Paul I
2811:Alexei
2799:George
2716:(1740)
2695:Alexei
2691:(1681)
2674:Feodor
2667:Alexis
2661:Dmitry
2654:Alexis
2639:Feodor
2632:Dmitry
2624:Feodor
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884:Sweden
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652:silver
448:. The
273:Paul I
266:Russia
230:Mother
220:Father
177:Spouse
165:Burial
47:, but
3248:ukase
2721:Peter
2214:p. 15
2146:(PDF)
2139:(PDF)
1772:6 May
1052:Spain
209:House
195:Issue
2740:Paul
2713:Ivan
2689:Ilya
2682:Ivan
2647:Ivan
2617:Ivan
2539:link
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