1109:
1223:
159:
40:
1191:
813:, which dealt with the political aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, agreed to abolish the Grand Duchies created by Bonaparte and to create a group of monarchies of intermediate importance with that title. Thus the 19th century saw a new group of monarchs titled grand duke in central Europe, especially in present-day Germany. The title was also used for the part of Poland granted to
1067:, bestowed by the king to highest military commanders, usually reserved for most influential and most capable among highest Bosnian nobility. To interpret it as an office post rather than a court rank could be even more accurate. Unlike usage in Western Europe, Central Europe, or in various Slavic lands from Central to North-East Europe, where analogy between
769:(literally "grand prince"), the monarchic title of the rulers of Lithuania as well as of (western) Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogithia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia and Chernigov (including hollow claims nurtured by ambition), were used as part of their full official monarchic titles by the Kings (Polish:
833:
713:
in the 15th century, when they ruled most of present-day northeastern France as well as almost the entire Low
Countries. They tried—ultimately without success—to create from these territories under their control a new unified country between the Kingdom of France in the west and the Holy Roman Empire
808:
vassals) were allowed to assume the title of grand duke, usually at the same time as their inherited fiefs (or fiefs granted by
Napoleon) were enlarged by annexed territories previously belonging to enemies defeated on the battlefield. After Napoleon's downfall, the victorious powers who met at the
1428:" (abbreviated "HRH"), possibly because of the connection of many grand-ducal houses to royal ones or as the highest style beneath that of a king (sometimes styled "Royal Highness"). The heir to the throne (a hereditary grand duke) was sometimes styled as "Royal Highness", otherwise as "
1261:. Thereafter the title was given to sons and grandsons (through male lines) of the Tsars and Emperors of Russia. The daughters and paternal granddaughters of Russian emperors, as well as the consorts of Russian grand dukes, were generally called "grand duchesses" in English.
1401:
In the late Middle Ages, the title "grand prince/grand duke" became increasingly a purely ceremonial courtesy title for close relatives of ruling monarchs, such as the Tsar of Russia, who granted his brothers the title
1670:
A history of the
Croatian people from their arrival on the shores of the Adriatic to the present day: with some account of the Gothic, Roman, Greek, Illyrian, and prehistoric periods of the ancient Illyricum and
1144:
was usually given by a father to his eldest son, and with his death passed to the next oldest sibling. This system didn’t last very long, and in 12th century multiple northern princes of the
521:
840:
In the same century, the purely ceremonial version of the title grand duke in Russia (in fact the western translation of the
Russian title "grand prince" granted to the siblings of the
1318:). However, grand princes did not have the same monarchic precedence as later Western European kings, and thus they were considered lower in rank, particularly in later literature.
1432:" (HGDH). Junior members of the family also generally bore the lower title of prince or princess with the style of "Grand Ducal Highness". However, in other grand duchies (e.g.,
514:
1087:. It is possible to register some similarities with equivalent titles in neighboring Slavic lands, such as Serbia; however, in neighboring countries, the title
507:
659:) to denote either a particularly mighty duke or a monarchy playing an important political, military and/or economic role, but not large enough to be a
1835:"Viteske svecanosti u Budimu 1412. godine i ucesce bosanskih predstavnika (Festivities held in Buda in 1412 and the participation of Bosnian magnates)"
718:(reigned 1419–67) assumed the subsidiary, legally void style and title of "Grand Duke of the West" in 1435, having previously brought the duchies of
1922:
1394:) used the title of grand prince; this title was later assumed by the Habsburgs after their conquest of Hungary. The Polish kings of the Swedish
1634:
1155:
While this term is a more precise translation, it is neither standard nor widely used in
English. In German, however, grand duke was known as a
793:
1771:
940:
1029:. As such, it was an actual office rather than a court rank (although it also became a grade in the court order of precedence under the
1148:
could compete for their dominance in Kiev. Some of them would prefer to establish themselves as grand dukes independently from Kiev.
883:) and a non-sovereign, purely ceremonial grand duke of either the Russian imperial family or other non-sovereign territories that are
871:), there is also a clear linguistic difference between a sovereign grand duke reigning over a state of central and western Europe (
1182:
into
Ukrainian lands, Lithuanian princes would take the title of Grand Dukes of Ruthenia, until their unification with Poland.
1784:
1272:, which he held as an autonomous state. Before the Russian conquest Finland had been held by the Kings of Sweden, first as a
1108:
1228:
655:
as a monarch reigning over an independent state was a later invention (in
Western Europe at first in 1569 for the ruler of
1607:
847:
In the German and Dutch languages, which have separate words for a prince as the issue (child) of a monarch (respectively
1694:
615:
611:
104:
1075:
was significant, with both titles corresponding to sovereign lower than king but higher than duke. In Bosnia, the title
774:
76:
1892:
1375:("emperor") and based on the claim to be the legitimate successors of the Byzantine-East Roman Emperors. Grand Prince
1178:
to show succession between Kiev and
Galicia, while keeping the title of Grand Duke of Kiev. With the expansion of the
1704:
1644:
1497:
986:(δούξ) in Greek, was a common title for imperial generals in the Late Roman Empires (west and east), but note it was
917:
After the
Russian conquests, the title continued to be used by the Russian emperors in their role as rulers of both (
726:
as well as the counties of
Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Hainaut and Namur into his possession. His son and successor
123:
1095:, also had military significance, but in that sense "grand duke" was specifically, even exclusively, Bosnian title.
1440:
1927:
83:
844:) expanded massively because of the large number of progeny of the ruling House of Romanov during those decades.
148:
1729:"The Header to the Ten Commandments in the Hval Codex: a Contribution to the Semantics of Medieval Illumination"
1367:
With the growing importance and size of their countries, those monarchs claimed a higher title, such as king or
1222:
61:
690:(in northwest Portugal and considered as that country's original nucleus) took, in 987, the personal title of
1502:
1448:
622:(officially simply the Grand Duchy of Saxony) – grand duchies from 1815 to 1918, and all now part of Germany
90:
715:
1728:
1558:
1459:
57:
1455:
1004:
706:(Grand Duke), leading ultimately to Portuguese independence from the Spanish kingdom of Castille-León.
72:
1436:), junior members of the family bore the title of duke or duchess, with the style of "Highness" (HH).
1421:
1443:
styles all its members as "Royal Highness" since 1919, due to their being also cadet members of the
1379:
was the last monarch to reign without claiming any higher title, until he finally assumed the style
1433:
1179:
752:
634:
607:
1820:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
1668:
950:
1907:
1470:
1207:
1048:
50:
1790:
1444:
926:
785:
656:
630:
592:
581:. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly:
1912:
1512:
1269:
1246:
907:
1550:
910:" to the subsidiary titles of the Swedish kings, but without any political consequences, as
697:
549:
or by members of certain monarchs' families. In status, a grand duke traditionally ranks in
1864:
1429:
1403:
1203:
1042:
818:
700:. He was defeated by the royal armies but nevertheless obtained a remarkable autonomy as a
619:
603:
599:
448:
1321:
Grand princes reigned in Central and Eastern Europe, notably among Slavs and Lithuanians.
8:
1458:
grand dukes of Tuscany, being members of the imperial family of Austria, were styled as "
550:
1779:(in Bosnian) (Historijske monografije; knj. 4 ed.). Institut za istoriju Sarajevo.
1276:, since 1581 with the King assuming the secondary title Grand Duke of Finland (Finnish:
683:
158:
97:
1195:
1141:
1022:
903:
814:
810:
687:
1595:
1780:
1700:
1640:
1570:
1466:
1376:
1250:
1171:
1064:
930:
922:
826:
760:
710:
495:
140:
1736:
1235:
1175:
1126:(Великий Князь), which from the 11th century was at first the title of the leading
1113:
727:
723:
719:
542:
407:
271:
1302:) were medieval monarchs who usually ruled over several tribes and/or were feudal
1599:
1387:
1311:
1145:
1030:
911:
626:
464:
173:
1532:
1917:
1603:
1533:"Cosimo I | Duke of Florence & Tuscany, Grand Duke of Tuscany | Britannica"
1482:
1425:
1380:
1211:
1137:
1056:
1026:
822:
709:
Another example was the line of self-proclaimed grand dukes (legally dukes) of
324:
298:
259:
20:
1901:
1887:
1842:
Spomenica Akademika Marka Šunjića (1927-1998), Filozofski Fakultet U Sarajevu
1574:
1395:
1122:
570:
490:
226:
221:
216:
26:
1720:
1660:
1594:
696:("Grand Duke of the Portuguese") and rebelled against his feudal lord, King
1293:
562:
319:
283:
231:
206:
201:
802:
awarded the title extensively: during his era, several of his allies (and
788:, starting from the late 16th century. This official title was granted by
1273:
832:
789:
668:
646:
591:
historically by the sovereigns of former independent countries, such as
1254:
1082:
967:
799:
676:
586:
1741:
1398:
also used the grand-princely title for their non-Polish territories.
1013:
485:
381:
376:
366:
350:
185:
1588:
1306:
of other princes. At the time, the title was usually translated as "
39:
1507:
1487:
1303:
804:
679:
or even national territories to which the title was once attached.
566:
469:
412:
391:
371:
361:
314:
309:
266:
243:
1834:
1753:
1492:
1371:(also spelled "czar" in English) which was derived from the Latin
1354:
in its original meaning of "ruler". Thus, the literal meaning of
1347:
1307:
756:
554:
546:
480:
443:
438:
329:
168:
1696:
The Poetics of Slavdom: The Mythopoeic Foundations of Yugoslavia
1686:
1170:
With the decline of Kiev under the Mongols in the 13th century,
1265:
1190:
1127:
781:
574:
459:
433:
417:
386:
288:
254:
1061:
Bosne supremus voivoda / Sicut supremus voivoda regni Bosniae
780:
The first monarchs ever officially titled grand duke were the
763:. From 1573, both the Latin version and its Polish equivalent
1160:
1132:
997:
992:
730:(reigned 1467–77) continued to use the same style and title.
660:
422:
402:
340:
1465:
Grand dukes and grand duchesses from Russia were styled as "
1206:
from 1230s to 1795, most of its leaders were referred to as
1368:
1258:
979:
841:
672:
664:
578:
558:
345:
293:
278:
196:
180:
1561:[Coins minted by Duke Hrvoja Vukčića Hrvatinića].
1140:, then of several other East Slavic princes. The title of
1626:
1120:"Grand duke" is the traditional translation of the title
974:
1844:(in Bosnian and English). Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu
1386:
The rulers of the Turkish vassal state of Transylvania (
1116:, King of Ruthenia and Grand Duke of Kiev (18 century)
1407:
1355:
1325:
1249:
appeared as the grand duke for "all of Russia" until
1025:
and was conferred upon the commanding admiral of the
1017:
from the 10th century on. The title of "Grand Duke" (
671:
by having been granted to rulers of relatively small
1310:", sometimes also as "minor king" or "little king" (
667:
had gradually lost status and precedence during the
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1103:
1079:corresponded more to the Byzantine military title
1608:"Missale Glagoliticum Hervoiae ducis Spalatensis"
19:For the comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan, see
1899:
1341:
836:1860 postage stamp of the Grand Duchy of Finland
746:
740:
1364:was more like "great ruler" than "grand duke".
825:with Prussia (and so nominally separate) until
640:
1415:
1007:, the commander of a theme was often styled a
751:in Lithuanian) has been used by the rulers of
682:One of the first examples occurred when Count
1773:Veliki vojvoda bosanski Sandalj Hranić Kosača
1674:. Philosophical Library. pp. 98, 99, 100
1331:
515:
1556:
1336:) in Ukrainian and Russian. The Slavic word
944:
934:
933:also instituted the similarly non-sovereign
925:(1793–1917) and the (equally non-sovereign)
888:
872:
860:
848:
764:
1639:. Cambridge University Press. p. 481.
1151:Another translation of this title would be
894:
878:
866:
854:
734:
701:
691:
1765:
1763:
1033:), and was always held by one individual.
714:(mainly present-day Germany) in the east.
522:
508:
1832:
1826:
1740:
1727:Cvetković, Branislav (19 December 2014).
1726:
1185:
914:was already a part of the Swedish realm.
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
1769:
1735:(in Croatian and English) (4): 155–172.
1666:
1221:
1210:, even when they jointly held the title
1189:
1107:
1003:Under the latter, exclusively Byzantine
961:
831:
1923:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1760:
1557:Sulejmanagić, Amer (30 November 2012).
1420:Most often, a sovereign grand duke was
1324:The title "grand prince" translates to
1900:
1862:
1813:
1811:
1692:
1632:
1445:Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma
1217:
1036:
595:(from 1569 to 1860, now part of Italy)
675:(feudal territories), instead of the
1817:
943:) in 1765, and the (purely nominal)
151:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
62:adding citations to reliable sources
33:
25:. For the grand duke butterfly, see
1808:
1346:(today translated as "priest") are
1098:
982:), which was phonetically rendered
625:formerly also in some countries in
13:
941:Grand Principality of Transylvania
585:in the present-day Grand Duchy of
14:
1939:
1559:"Novac Hrvoja Vukčića Hrvatinića"
1498:List of grand duchesses of Russia
1264:From 1809 to 1917 the Emperor of
1667:Preveden, Francis Ralph (1962).
1441:Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
663:. It arose because the title of
299:Prince-elector, Princess-elector
157:
38:
1856:
1822:. University of Michigan Press.
1818:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994).
1287:
1104:Ruthenian/Ukrainian grand dukes
887:dependencies of a major power (
821:– which was formally held in a
49:needs additional citations for
1525:
1469:" (HIH), being members of the
859:) and for a sovereign prince (
775:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1518:
1503:List of grand dukes of Russia
1449:Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma
1232:by Heinrich von Angeli (1874)
1447:as male-line descendants of
1298:Grand princes (or sometimes
716:Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
641:Western and Central European
284:Crown prince, Crown princess
7:
1833:Filipović, Emir O. (2010).
1699:. Peter Lang. p. 544.
1476:
1460:Imperial and Royal Highness
1416:Styles and forms of address
1408:
1356:
1326:
1063:) was a court title in the
1052:
936:Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen
10:
1944:
1636:Essays on the Latin Orient
1291:
1227:Portrait of Grand Duchess
1040:
996:(the etymological root of
978:(the etymological root of
965:
956:
644:
18:
1332:
1198:, Grand Duke of Lithuania
693:Magnus Dux Portucalensium
545:, used either by certain
239:Grand duke, Grand duchess
1893:Duke or Dux in Byzantium
1888:WorldStatesmen - Finland
1633:Miller, William (2014).
1180:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
635:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
573:, and above a sovereign
1770:Kurtović, Esad (2009).
1693:Zlatar, Zdenko (2007).
1471:Russian Imperial Family
1208:Grand Duke of Lithuania
1053:Veliki Vojvoda Bosanski
1011:instead of the earlier
773:) of Poland during the
149:Imperial, royal, noble,
1865:"Didysis kunigaikštis"
1863:Gudavičius, Edvardas.
1391:
1342:
1315:
1238:
1199:
1186:Lithuanian grand dukes
1117:
1060:
1047:Grand Duke of Bosnia (
945:
935:
895:
889:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
837:
770:
765:
747:
741:
735:
702:
692:
631:Grand Duchy of Finland
486:Gentleman, Gentlewoman
1565:(in Serbo-Croatian).
1513:Royal and noble ranks
1282:Storfurste av Finland
1270:Grand Duke of Finland
1225:
1193:
1111:
1041:Further information:
966:Further information:
962:Byzantine grand dukes
951:Grand Duchy of Kraków
908:Grand Duke of Finland
835:
759:also became kings of
362:Viscount, Viscountess
310:Marquess, Marchioness
244:Archduke, Archduchess
186:High king, High queen
1563:Numizmatičke Vijesti
1430:Grand Ducal Highness
1404:Grand Duke of Russia
1362:Didysis kunigaikštis
1278:Suomen suuriruhtinas
1204:history of Lithuania
1174:would be crowned as
1043:Grand Duke of Bosnia
1031:Palaiologan emperors
946:Großherzogtum Krakau
819:Grand Duchy of Posen
748:Didysis kunigaikštis
677:large tribal regions
620:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
616:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
612:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
372:Burgrave, Burgravine
315:Margrave, Margravine
58:improve this article
1928:Men's social titles
1340:and the Lithuanian
1218:Russian grand dukes
1037:Bosnian grand dukes
794:Cosimo I de' Medici
551:order of precedence
439:Baronet, Baronetess
1537:www.britannica.com
1377:Ivan IV of Muscovy
1239:
1234:Saint Petersburg,
1214:and other titles.
1200:
1196:Vytautas the Great
1142:Grand Duke of Kiev
1118:
1023:Alexios I Komnenos
927:autonomous Finland
904:John III of Sweden
838:
811:Congress of Vienna
698:Bermudo II of León
1786:978-9958-649-01-1
1467:Imperial Highness
1251:Ivan IV of Russia
1172:Danylo of Galicia
1065:Kingdom of Bosnia
1021:) was created by
931:Habsburg monarchy
929:(1809–1917). The
827:its incorporation
571:prince-archbishop
532:
531:
496:Lord of the Manor
460:Knight, Chevalier
134:
133:
126:
108:
1935:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1789:. Archived from
1778:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:10.15291/ars.493
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1529:
1411:
1359:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1236:Hermitage Museum
1229:Maria Fiodorovna
1176:king of Ruthenia
1099:Eastern European
972:The Latin title
948:
938:
898:
892:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
768:
750:
744:
738:
728:Charles the Bold
705:
695:
684:Gonçalo I Mendes
543:hereditary title
541:) is a European
524:
517:
510:
169:Emperor, Empress
161:
136:
135:
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
107:
66:
42:
34:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1898:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1816:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1796:on 5 March 2016
1793:
1787:
1776:
1768:
1761:
1747:
1745:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1600:Lajos Thalloczy
1596:Vatroslav Jagić
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1479:
1462:" (HI&RH).
1418:
1296:
1290:
1233:
1220:
1202:Throughout the
1188:
1165:magnus princeps
1146:Rurikid Dynasty
1106:
1101:
1045:
1039:
970:
964:
959:
921:non-sovereign)
739:or grand duke (
649:
643:
627:Northern Europe
528:
465:Imperial Knight
403:Baron, Baroness
341:Count, Countess
150:
130:
119:
113:
110:
67:
65:
55:
43:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1908:Heads of state
1896:
1895:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1855:
1825:
1807:
1785:
1759:
1719:
1705:
1685:
1659:
1645:
1625:
1604:Franz Wickhoff
1587:
1549:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Veliki vojvoda
1478:
1475:
1426:Royal Highness
1417:
1414:
1381:Tsar of Russia
1292:Main article:
1289:
1286:
1241:From 1328 the
1219:
1216:
1212:King of Poland
1187:
1184:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1049:Serbo-Croatian
1038:
1035:
1027:Byzantine navy
963:
960:
958:
955:
902:In 1582, King
823:personal union
784:sovereigns of
742:Kunigų kunigas
642:
639:
638:
637:
629:, such as the
623:
596:
589:
530:
529:
527:
526:
519:
512:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
493:
488:
483:
475:
474:
473:
472:
467:
462:
454:
453:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
428:
427:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
397:
396:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
356:
355:
354:
353:
348:
343:
335:
334:
333:
332:
327:
325:Count palatine
322:
317:
312:
304:
303:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
275:
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22:The Grand Duke
15:
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2:
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1733:Ars Adriatica
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1708:
1706:9780820481357
1702:
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1646:9781107455535
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1569:(65): 54–85.
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1333:Великий князь
1328:
1327:velikiy knjaz
1322:
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1317:
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1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:great princes
1295:
1285:
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1279:
1275:
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1268:was also the
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1243:Velikii Kniaz
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1153:grand prince.
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766:wielki książę
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584:
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577:or sovereign
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539:grand duchess
536:
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114:November 2016
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75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
29:
28:Bassarona iva
24:
23:
1913:Royal titles
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1841:
1838:(.pdf/.html)
1828:
1819:
1798:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1772:
1752:– via
1746:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1695:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1669:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1635:
1628:
1616:. Retrieved
1611:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1566:
1562:
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1539:. 2023-06-08
1536:
1527:
1464:
1453:
1438:
1419:
1409:veliki knjaz
1400:
1392:Siebenbürgen
1385:
1372:
1366:
1361:
1357:Veliki Knjaz
1351:
1350:of the word
1337:
1323:
1320:
1299:
1297:
1294:Grand prince
1288:Grand prince
1281:
1277:
1263:
1253:in 1547 was
1242:
1240:
1226:
1201:
1194:Painting of
1169:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1131:
1123:Velyky Knyaz
1121:
1119:
1112:Portrait of
1092:
1091:, in Slavic
1088:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:grand prince
1072:
1068:
1046:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1005:theme system
1002:
991:
987:
983:
973:
971:
918:
916:
901:
884:
846:
839:
803:
798:
779:
755:, who after
732:
708:
681:
652:
650:
563:grand prince
538:
534:
533:
320:Marcher lord
238:
120:
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:"Grand duke"
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
27:
21:
1748:16 February
1712:16 February
1678:16 February
1652:16 February
1612:archive.org
1280:, Swedish:
1274:royal duchy
1138:Kievan Rus'
953:) in 1846.
880:Groothertog
792:in 1569 to
790:Pope Pius V
669:Middle Ages
647:Grand duchy
537:(feminine:
16:Royal title
1902:Categories
1874:15 January
1848:10 January
1800:10 January
1614:(in Latin)
1543:2023-07-04
1519:References
1316:Kleinkönig
1157:Großfürst,
1083:megas doux
1077:grand duke
1069:grand duke
1019:megas doux
968:megas doux
896:Grootvorst
874:Großherzog
800:Napoleon I
736:magnus dux
733:The title
703:Magnus Dux
653:grand duke
645:See also:
587:Luxembourg
535:Grand duke
470:Druzhinnik
84:newspapers
1575:0546-9422
1434:Oldenburg
1383:in 1547.
1304:overlords
1014:strategos
923:Lithuania
890:Großfürst
829:in 1848.
753:Lithuania
688:Portucale
651:The term
608:Oldenburg
553:below an
382:Advocatus
377:Landgrave
367:Castellan
351:Ealdorman
1671:Pannonia
1606:(1899).
1508:Nobility
1488:Archduke
1477:See also
1456:Habsburg
1348:cognates
919:de facto
885:de facto
805:de facto
711:Burgundy
567:archduke
547:monarchs
413:Lendmann
392:Starosta
267:Princess
141:a series
139:Part of
1343:kunigas
1255:crowned
1247:Muscovy
1159:and in
1093:vojvoda
957:Balkans
912:Finland
906:added "
815:Prussia
786:Tuscany
757:Jogaila
724:Limburg
720:Brabant
661:kingdom
657:Tuscany
633:or the
593:Tuscany
555:emperor
481:Esquire
444:Fidalgo
330:Voivode
272:consort
260:consort
227:dowager
222:consort
217:regnant
207:dowager
202:consort
174:dowager
98:scholar
1869:vle.lt
1794:(.pdf)
1783:
1703:
1643:
1618:10 May
1573:
1422:styled
1388:German
1373:caesar
1312:German
1266:Russia
1128:prince
817:– the
782:Medici
761:Poland
575:prince
449:Nobile
434:Ritter
418:Primor
387:Vidame
289:Herzog
255:Prince
232:mother
213:Queen
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
1918:Dukes
1777:(PDF)
1754:Hrčak
1580:8 May
1493:Fürst
1338:knjaz
1161:Latin
1136:) of
1133:Kniaz
1114:Leo I
1057:Latin
998:count
993:comes
988:lower
868:Vorst
862:Fürst
856:Prins
850:Prinz
673:fiefs
604:Hesse
600:Baden
569:, or
423:Boyar
408:Thane
105:JSTOR
91:books
1876:2020
1850:2016
1802:2016
1781:ISBN
1750:2019
1714:2019
1701:ISBN
1680:2019
1654:2019
1641:ISBN
1620:2020
1582:2020
1571:ISSN
1454:The
1439:The
1424:as "
1369:tsar
1360:and
1352:king
1308:king
1259:tsar
1089:duke
1071:and
1009:doux
984:doux
980:duke
842:tsar
771:król
722:and
665:duke
618:and
579:duke
559:king
346:Earl
294:Jarl
197:King
77:news
1737:doi
1412:).
1284:).
1257:as
1245:of
1163:as
1000:).
975:dux
899:).
686:of
598:in
60:by
1904::
1867:.
1840:.
1810:^
1762:^
1731:.
1610:.
1602:;
1598:;
1567:54
1535:.
1473:.
1451:.
1390::
1314::
1167:.
1059::
1055:;
1051::
893:,
877:,
865:,
853:,
796:.
777:.
745:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
565:,
561:,
557:,
143:on
1878:.
1852:.
1804:.
1756:.
1739::
1716:.
1682:.
1656:.
1622:.
1584:.
1546:.
1406:(
1330:(
1130:(
949:(
939:(
523:e
516:t
509:v
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
31:.
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