1767:
40:
189:
48:
221:
208:, the graben are asymmetric, with a major fault along only one of the boundaries, and these are known as half-graben. The polarity (throw direction) of the main bounding faults typically alternates along the length of the rift. The asymmetry of a half-graben strongly affects syntectonic deposition. Comparatively little
212:
enters the half-graben across the main bounding fault because of footwall uplift on the drainage systems. The exception is at any major offset in the bounding fault, where a relay ramp may provide an important sediment input point. Most of the sediment will enter the half-graben down the unfaulted
169:
is upward. The faults typically dip toward the center of the graben from both sides. Horsts are parallel blocks that remain between graben; the bounding faults of a horst typically dip away from the center line of the horst. Single or multiple graben can produce a
823:
Hans Nelson, C.; Karabanov, Evgeny B.; Colman, Steven M.; Escutia, Carlota (1999). "Tectonic and sediment supply control of deep rift lake turbidite systems: Lake Baikal, Russia".
231:
is thought to be a graben. The lack of erosion on the Moon makes its structure with two parallel faults and the sunken block in between particularly obvious.
1104:
1035:
1347:
1072:
612:
1097:
599:
844:
722:
1132:
519:
154:
on each side caused by the displacement of a block of land downward. Graben often occur side by side with
1801:
1791:
1770:
1090:
1796:
356:
324:
802:
1432:
796:
758:
1437:
1213:
618:
497:
451:
1701:
1203:
1137:
763:
31:
17:
126:, meaning 'ditch' or 'trench'. The first known usage of the word in the geologic context was by
685:
1714:
1518:
1407:
1277:
1257:
1157:
1127:
771:
1064:
1055:
1691:
1575:
1292:
1247:
968:
927:
888:
832:
253:
96:
8:
1724:
1600:
1585:
1562:
1558:
1337:
1262:
1162:
1147:
861:
The
Progressive Development and Post-failure Behaviour of Deep-seated Landslide Complexes
972:
931:
892:
877:"Patterns of movement in the Ventnor landslide complex, Isle of Wight, southern England"
836:
1673:
1570:
1452:
1357:
1272:
1237:
1167:
1113:
986:
577:
543:
784:
1709:
1643:
1595:
1590:
1470:
1460:
1402:
1177:
1068:
990:
876:
588:
369:
246:
1513:
1508:
1442:
1417:
1412:
1387:
1327:
1287:
1142:
1017:
976:
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935:
915:
896:
840:
525:
509:
395:
304:
69:
752:
1752:
1648:
1548:
1523:
1495:
1480:
1382:
1332:
1322:
1317:
1193:
727:
676:
672:
662:
637:
549:
539:
461:
404:
155:
123:
100:
158:. Horst and graben structures indicate tensional forces and crustal stretching.
1653:
1630:
1615:
1485:
1465:
1377:
1302:
1297:
1252:
1218:
1208:
1152:
706:
645:
481:
318:
299:
295:
269:
224:
205:
161:
Graben are produced from parallel normal faults, where the displacement of the
1267:
981:
956:
900:
1785:
1543:
702:
624:
565:
501:
433:
289:
285:
188:
52:
47:
1538:
1198:
1172:
653:
649:
641:
513:
505:
193:
162:
127:
104:
43:
Diagram illustrating the structural relationship between grabens and horsts
1719:
1605:
1580:
1533:
1528:
1503:
1392:
1312:
1282:
1005:
657:
382:
333:
214:
183:
171:
916:"Geophysical study of the Hauraki Depression, North Island, New Zealand"
1747:
1734:
1242:
666:
581:
557:
529:
346:
273:
151:
1352:
419:
1683:
1663:
1658:
1638:
1620:
1610:
1422:
1367:
1229:
1082:
957:"A review of break-out floods from volcanogenic lakes in New Zealand"
680:
485:
411:
119:
39:
27:
Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults
1036:
The
Structural history of Tasmania: a review for petroleum explorers
1021:
1742:
1668:
689:
571:
553:
399:
220:
209:
197:
166:
1475:
1427:
1372:
859:
822:
455:
429:
373:
308:
59:
1342:
710:
533:
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257:
147:
87:
1362:
592:
561:
504:
is an example of multiple horst/graben structures, including
341:
81:
1397:
1052:
1006:"The Oil and Gas Prospects of the St. Vincents Gulf Graben"
845:
10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0163:TASSCO>2.3.CO;2
386:
228:
75:
732:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
51:
Infrared-enhanced satellite image of a graben in the
954:
84:
78:
955:Manville, V.; Hodgson, K. A.; Nairn, I. A. (2007).
72:
1063:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp.
1054:
751:
1783:
1038:", PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium II
750:
789:
913:
1098:
961:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
920:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
1061:Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation
948:
1105:
1091:
1034:Stacey, A. R., and Berry, R. F., (2004). "
103:of a planet or moon, bordered by parallel
997:
980:
939:
730: â Long, narrow, shallow depression
219:
187:
46:
38:
14:
1784:
1112:
1053:McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000).
1003:
1086:
914:Hochstein, M.P.; Nixon, I.M. (1979).
874:
864:(Doctoral thesis). Durham University.
857:
772:participating institution membership
1348:List of tectonic plate interactions
130:in 1883. The plural form is either
24:
25:
1813:
875:Carey, Jonathan (November 2014).
613:Eastern North America Rift Basins
606:
1766:
1765:
1056:"The Internal Processes: Graben"
696:
491:
440:
68:
1028:
600:San Bernardino Valley (Arizona)
165:is downward, while that of the
941:10.1080/00288306.1979.10422550
907:
868:
851:
816:
785:Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
778:
744:
177:
13:
1:
1045:
723:European Cenozoic Rift System
349:as part of the Unzen graben,
263:
669:, North Island, New Zealand.
475:
141:
110:
7:
716:
235:
10:
1818:
631:
512:being the easternmost and
181:
29:
1761:
1733:
1700:
1682:
1629:
1557:
1494:
1451:
1433:Thick-skinned deformation
1227:
1186:
1120:
982:10.1080/00288300709509826
901:10.1007/s10346-014-0538-1
759:Oxford English Dictionary
445:
363:
240:
213:hanging wall side (e.g.,
1438:Thin-skinned deformation
1214:Stereographic projection
858:CAREY, JONATHAN (2011).
737:
652:(Hauraki half grabens),
619:Midcontinent Rift System
498:Basin and Range Province
452:Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
416:Viking Graben, North Sea
1204:Orthographic projection
1187:Measurement conventions
1133:Lamé's stress ellipsoid
803:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
764:Oxford University Press
279:
32:Graben (disambiguation)
516:being the westernmost.
372:, border area of west
357:BeppuâShimabara graben
232:
201:
55:
44:
1715:Paleostress inversion
1408:Strike-slip tectonics
1278:Extensional tectonics
1258:Continental collision
1128:Deformation mechanism
1004:Sprigg, R.C. (1961).
627:, Mexico and the U.S.
621:, Canada and the U.S.
615:, Canada and the U.S.
428:Lowtherville Graben,
325:BĂŒyĂŒk Menderes Graben
223:
191:
50:
42:
1293:Fold and thrust belt
570:Rough Creek Graben,
254:Lunda Norte Province
30:For other uses, see
1725:Section restoration
1601:Rock microstructure
1263:Convergent boundary
1163:Strain partitioning
1148:Overburden pressure
1138:MohrâCoulomb theory
973:2007NZJGG..50..131M
932:1979NZJGG..22....1H
893:2015Lands..12.1107C
837:1999Geo....27..163N
762:(Online ed.).
1802:Tectonic landforms
1792:Structural geology
1702:Kinematic analysis
1358:Mountain formation
1273:Divergent boundary
1238:Accretionary wedge
1114:Structural geology
578:Santa Clara Valley
458:and Quebec, Canada
233:
202:
56:
45:
1797:Rifts and grabens
1779:
1778:
1710:3D fold evolution
1596:Pressure solution
1591:Oblique foliation
1471:Exfoliation joint
1461:Columnar jointing
1121:Underlying theory
1010:The APPEA Journal
770:(Subscription or
589:Snake River Plain
520:Lake George Basin
247:East African Rift
16:(Redirected from
1809:
1769:
1768:
1514:Detachment fault
1509:Cataclastic rock
1443:Thrust tectonics
1413:Structural basin
1388:Pull-apart basin
1328:Horst and graben
1107:
1100:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1058:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1001:
995:
994:
984:
952:
946:
945:
943:
911:
905:
904:
872:
866:
865:
855:
849:
848:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
798:horst and graben
793:
787:
782:
776:
775:
767:
755:
748:
733:
703:Guanabara Graben
526:Lake Tahoe Basin
522:, New York, U.S.
510:Salt Lake Valley
500:of southwestern
410:Central Graben,
396:Central Lowlands
305:Baikal Rift Zone
150:with a distinct
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
21:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1757:
1729:
1696:
1678:
1649:Detachment fold
1625:
1553:
1549:Transform fault
1524:Fault mechanics
1490:
1447:
1383:Plate tectonics
1333:Intra-arc basin
1223:
1194:Brunton compass
1182:
1116:
1111:
1081:
1075:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1029:
1022:10.1071/AJ60011
1002:
998:
953:
949:
912:
908:
873:
869:
856:
852:
821:
817:
807:
805:
795:
794:
790:
783:
779:
769:
749:
745:
740:
731:
728:Fossa (geology)
719:
699:
677:South Australia
673:Gulf St Vincent
663:Tikitere Graben
638:Firth of Thames
634:
609:
550:Rio Grande Rift
540:Republic Graben
494:
478:
462:Saguenay Graben
448:
443:
405:Worcester Basin
366:
359:, Kyushu, Japan
282:
266:
252:Lucapa Graben,
243:
238:
186:
180:
144:
113:
71:
67:
53:Afar Depression
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1815:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1777:
1776:
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1762:
1759:
1758:
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1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
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1618:
1616:Tectonic phase
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
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1588:
1583:
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1573:
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1468:
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1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:Passive margin
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:Foreland basin
1300:
1298:Fold mountains
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1253:Back-arc basin
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1219:Strike and dip
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Rock mechanics
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
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1110:
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1102:
1095:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1027:
996:
967:(2): 131â150.
947:
906:
867:
850:
831:(2): 163â166.
815:
788:
777:
742:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
725:
718:
715:
714:
713:
707:Rio de Janeiro
698:
695:
694:
693:
683:
670:
660:
646:Hauraki Plains
633:
630:
629:
628:
622:
616:
608:
607:Multi-national
605:
604:
603:
596:
585:
575:
568:
547:
537:
523:
517:
493:
490:
489:
488:
482:Guatemala City
477:
474:
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472:
459:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
426:
417:
414:
408:
402:
393:
380:
376:and northeast
365:
362:
361:
360:
354:
344:
331:
322:
319:Sakha Republic
315:
302:
300:southern India
296:Godavari River
292:
281:
278:
277:
276:
270:Lambert Graben
265:
262:
261:
260:
250:
242:
239:
237:
234:
225:Rima Ariadaeus
182:Main article:
179:
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146:A graben is a
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1607:
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1602:
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1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
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1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Transfer zone
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1226:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:Mohr's circle
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1076:
1074:0-13-020263-0
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1050:
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1031:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
992:
988:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
942:
937:
933:
929:
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921:
917:
910:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
863:
862:
854:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
804:
800:
799:
792:
786:
781:
773:
765:
761:
760:
754:
747:
743:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
712:
708:
704:
701:
700:
697:South America
691:
687:
684:
682:
678:
674:
671:
668:
664:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
636:
635:
626:
625:Salton Trough
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
601:
597:
594:
590:
586:
583:
579:
576:
573:
569:
567:
566:United States
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
545:
541:
538:
535:
531:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:North America
499:
496:
495:
492:United States
487:
483:
480:
479:
471:
467:
463:
460:
457:
453:
450:
449:
441:North America
435:
434:Isle of Wight
431:
427:
425:
421:
418:
415:
413:
409:
406:
403:
401:
397:
394:
392:
388:
384:
381:
379:
375:
371:
368:
367:
358:
355:
352:
348:
345:
343:
339:
335:
332:
330:
326:
323:
320:
317:Moma Graben,
316:
314:
310:
306:
303:
301:
297:
293:
291:
290:central India
287:
286:Narmada River
284:
283:
275:
271:
268:
267:
259:
255:
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245:
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226:
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218:
216:
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199:
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185:
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159:
157:
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149:
139:
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133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
108:
106:
105:normal faults
102:
99:block of the
98:
92:
65:
61:
54:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1539:Thrust fault
1307:
1228:Large-scale
1199:Inclinometer
1173:Stress field
1060:
1030:
1016:(1): 71â88.
1013:
1009:
999:
964:
960:
950:
923:
919:
909:
884:
880:
870:
860:
853:
828:
824:
818:
806:. Retrieved
797:
791:
780:
757:
746:
686:Tamar Valley
654:North Island
650:Hauraki Rift
642:Hauraki Gulf
542:, Republic,
514:Owens Valley
506:Death Valley
370:Rhine valley
203:
194:Newark Basin
163:hanging wall
160:
145:
135:
131:
128:Eduard Suess
115:
114:
63:
57:
36:
1720:Paleostress
1606:Slickenside
1581:Crenulation
1534:Fault trace
1529:Fault scarp
1519:Disturbance
1504:Cataclasite
1393:Rift valley
1313:Half-graben
1283:Fault block
1268:DĂ©collement
926:(1): 1â19.
887:(6): 1107.
808:15 November
692:, Australia
665:within the
658:New Zealand
383:Oslo graben
334:Fossa Magna
215:Lake Baikal
200:half-graben
196:, an early
184:Half-graben
178:Half-graben
172:rift valley
1786:Categories
1748:Pure shear
1735:Shear zone
1692:Competence
1576:Compaction
1453:Fracturing
1248:Autochthon
1243:Allochthon
1046:References
881:Landslides
774:required.)
667:Taupo Rift
598:Southwest
582:California
558:New Mexico
552:Valley in
544:Washington
530:California
347:Ariake Sea
274:Antarctica
264:Antarctica
152:escarpment
1684:Boudinage
1664:Monocline
1659:Homocline
1639:Anticline
1621:Tectonite
1611:Stylolite
1586:Fissility
1563:lineation
1559:Foliation
1423:Syneclise
1368:Obduction
1338:Inversion
1230:tectonics
991:129792354
681:Australia
486:Guatemala
476:Guatemala
436:, England
412:North Sea
407:, England
142:Formation
120:loan word
111:Etymology
97:depressed
1771:Category
1743:Mylonite
1674:Vergence
1669:Syncline
1571:Cleavage
1496:Faulting
753:"graben"
717:See also
690:Tasmania
587:Western
572:Kentucky
554:Colorado
484:valley,
400:Scotland
321:, Russia
298:Valley,
288:Valley,
236:Examples
210:sediment
204:In many
198:Mesozoic
167:footwall
1644:Chevron
1631:Folding
1476:Fissure
1428:Terrane
1373:Orogeny
1353:MĂ©lange
1288:Fenster
1178:Tension
969:Bibcode
928:Bibcode
889:Bibcode
833:Bibcode
825:Geology
632:Oceania
564:of the
508:, with
456:Ontario
430:Ventnor
420:VĂ€ttern
385:around
374:Germany
353:, Japan
309:Siberia
227:on the
136:grabens
95:) is a
60:geology
18:Grabens
1418:Suture
1403:Saddle
1343:Klippe
1308:Graben
1168:Stress
1158:Strain
1071:
989:
711:Brazil
602:, U.S.
595:, U.S.
584:, U.S.
574:, U.S.
546:, U.S.
536:, U.S.
534:Nevada
470:Canada
466:Quebec
446:Canada
424:Sweden
391:Norway
378:France
364:Europe
351:Kyushu
338:Honshu
329:Turkey
313:Russia
294:lower
258:Angola
249:Valley
241:Africa
156:horsts
148:valley
132:graben
124:German
116:Graben
64:graben
1753:Shear
1481:Joint
1363:Nappe
1323:Horst
1318:Horse
987:S2CID
768:
738:Notes
593:Idaho
562:Texas
342:Japan
206:rifts
122:from
118:is a
101:crust
1654:Dome
1561:and
1486:Vein
1466:Dike
1398:Rift
1209:Rake
1069:ISBN
810:2012
644:and
532:and
387:Oslo
280:Asia
229:Moon
192:The
62:, a
1065:417
1018:doi
977:doi
936:doi
897:doi
841:doi
648:of
640:of
217:).
134:or
58:In
1788::
1067:.
1059:.
1012:.
1008:.
985:.
975:.
965:50
963:.
959:.
934:.
924:22
922:.
918:.
895:.
885:12
883:.
879:.
839:.
829:27
827:.
801:.
756:.
709:,
705:,
688:,
679:,
675:,
656:,
591:,
580:,
528:,
468:,
464:,
454:,
432:,
422:,
398:,
389:,
340:,
336:,
327:,
311:,
307:,
272:,
256:,
174:.
138:.
107:.
88:Én
82:ÉË
1106:e
1099:t
1092:v
1077:.
1024:.
1020::
1014:1
993:.
979::
971::
944:.
938::
930::
903:.
899::
891::
847:.
843::
835::
812:.
766:.
560:/
556:/
91:/
85:b
79:r
76:ÉĄ
73:Ë
70:/
66:(
34:.
20:)
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