34:
77:
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88:
61:
191:
Other rift valleys are the result of bends or discontinuities in horizontally-moving (strike-slip) faults. When these bends or discontinuities are in the same direction as the relative motions along the fault, extension occurs. For example, for a right lateral-moving fault, a bend to the right will
489:
The best explanation is that Lake Vostok may lie in a rift valley, as does Lake
Tanganyika in East Africa and Lake Baikal in Russia. The geography of Lake Vostok is indeed consistent with this notion, in that the lake has a crescent shape, just like Tanganyika and Baikal, and the side walls of the
329:
is the first confirmed in the Pluto system, however large chasms up to 950 km wide observed on Charon have also been tentatively interpreted by some as giant rifts, and similar formations have also been noted on Pluto. A recent study suggests a complex system of ancient lunar rift valleys,
770:
Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C.; Besserer, Jonathan; Head III, James W.; Howett, Carly J. A.; Kiefer, Walter S.; Lucey, Paul J.; McGovern, Patrick J.; Melosh, H. Jay; Neumann, Gregory A.; Phillips, Roger J.; Schenk, Paul M.; Smith, David E.; Solomon, Sean C.; Zuber, Maria T. (2014). "Structure and
703:
Solomon, Sean C.; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Bindschadler, Duane L.; Grimm, Robert E.; Kaula, William M.; McGill, George E.; Phillips, Roger J.; Saunders, R. Stephen; Schubert, Gerald; Squyres, Steven W.; Stofan, Ellen R. (1992). "Venus tectonics: An overview of
Magellan observations".
200:
fault. Where a fault breaks into two strands, or two faults run close to each other, crustal extension may also occur between them, as a result of differences in their motions. Both types of fault-caused extension commonly occur on a small scale, producing such features as
117:. The linear depression may subsequently be further deepened by the forces of erosion. More generally the valley is likely to be filled with sedimentary deposits derived from the rift flanks and the surrounding areas. In many cases
320:
and a part of the western Eistla, and possibly also Alta and Bell Regio have been interpreted by some planetary geologists as rift valleys. Some natural satellites also have prominent rift valleys. The 2,000 km long
133:. They are often associated with a number of adjoining subsidiary or co-extensive valleys, which are typically considered part of the principal rift valley geologically.
660:
Senske, D. A.; Schaber, G. G.; Stofan, E. R. (1992). "Regional topographic rises on Venus: Geology of
Western Eistla Regio and comparison to Beta Regio and Atla Regio".
235:, lies in an active rift valley. Baikal is both the deepest lake in the world and, with 20% of all of the liquid freshwater on earth, has the greatest volume.
831:
625:
Kiefer, W. S.; Swafford, L. C. (2006). "Topographic
Analysis Of Devana Chasma, Venus; Implications For Rift System Segmentation And Propagation".
338:. The Uranus system also has prominent examples, with large 'chasma' believed to be giant rift valley systems, most notably the 1492 km long
1007:
860:
Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (4 July 1986).
918:
Bonatti, E (1985). "Punctiform initiation of seafloor spreading in the Red Sea during transition from a continental to an oceanic rift".
384:
188:
are in the process of breaking apart forming new plates. If they continue, continental rifts will eventually become oceanic rifts.
430:
316:
on Mars is believed by planetary geologists to be a large rift system. Some features of Venus, most notably, the 4,000 km
192:
result in stretching and consequent subsidence in the area of the irregularity. In the view of many geologists today, the
1250:
529:"Rift processes at the Valles Marineris, Mars: Constraints from gravity on necking and rate-dependent strength evolution"
578:"The formation of Valles Marineris: 3. Trough formation through super-isostasy, stress, sedimentation, and subsidence"
511:
1000:
839:
312:
Rift valleys are also known to occur on other terrestrial planets and natural satellites. The 4,000 km long
1035:
20:
1699:
1673:
993:
33:
1694:
181:
1335:
125:. On Earth, rifts can occur at all elevations, from the sea floor to plateaus and mountain ranges in
756:
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81:
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1016:
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Mart, Y.; Dauteuil, O. (2000). "Analogue experiments of propagation of oblique rifts".
943:
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150:
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lies in a rift which results from a leftward discontinuity in the left lateral-moving
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185:
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771:
evolution of the lunar
Procellarum region as revealed by GRAIL gravity data".
646:
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Many existing continental rift valleys are the result of a failed arm (
53:
45:
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681:
553:
528:
87:
60:
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27:
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180:, which are currently active, as well as a fourth which may be, the
1645:
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202:
193:
102:
65:
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121:
are formed. One of the best known examples of this process is the
1378:
1330:
1275:
301:
281:
228:
141:
The most extensive rift valley is located along the crest of the
69:
325:
on Tethys in the Saturn system is a prominent example. Charon's
1245:
1210:
702:
289:
285:
223:
Many of the world's largest lakes are located in rift valleys.
1265:
832:"Birth of Uranus' provocative moon still puzzles scientists"
1300:
853:
261:
109:. Rifts are formed as a result of the pulling apart of the
106:
862:"Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results"
763:
304:
largest natural lake, is also an example of a rift lake.
455:
Siegert, Martin J. (1999). "Antarctica's Lake Vostok".
859:
757:"'Blowing my mind': Peaks on Pluto, canyons on Charon"
184:. In these instances, not only the crust but entire
501:
659:
696:
16:Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
653:
1686:
569:
520:
490:lake are relatively steep, at least on one side.
307:
105:or mountain ranges produced by the action of a
624:
1001:
575:
526:
149:. Examples of this type of rift include the
956:
823:
838:. Imaginova Corp. p. 1. Archived from
101:is a linear shaped lowland between several
1008:
994:
527:Anderson, Scott; Grimm, Robert E. (1998).
272:, may also lie in an ancient rift valley.
601:
552:
264:by area, lies in the ancient and dormant
86:
75:
59:
32:
917:
829:
454:
136:
1687:
1015:
433:. Alaska Science Forum. Archived from
989:
239:, second by both measures, is in the
754:
292:lie inside a rift valley called the
245:, the westernmost arm of the active
212:
1251:List of tectonic plate interactions
410:"Lake Baikal – World Heritage Site"
13:
911:
618:
576:Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C. (2012).
14:
1711:
1669:
1668:
168:, although there are three, the
748:
706:Journal of Geophysical Research
662:Journal of Geophysical Research
582:Journal of Geophysical Research
533:Journal of Geophysical Research
268:. The largest subglacial lake,
830:Chaikin, Andrew (2001-10-16).
495:
448:
423:
402:
377:
363:
1:
979:10.1016/s0040-1951(99)00231-0
755:Dunn, Marcia (16 July 2015).
627:Journal of Structural Geology
502:John Grotzinger .... (2006).
431:"The Oddities of Lake Baikal"
357:
308:Extraterrestrial rift valleys
385:"The World's Greatest Lakes"
145:system and is the result of
21:Rift valley (disambiguation)
7:
886:10.1126/science.233.4759.43
506:. New York: W. H. Freeman.
371:"The Ethiopian Rift Valley"
10:
1718:
216:
182:West Antarctic Rift System
25:
18:
1664:
1636:
1603:
1585:
1532:
1460:
1397:
1354:
1336:Thick-skinned deformation
1130:
1089:
1023:
647:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.12.002
1341:Thin-skinned deformation
1117:Stereographic projection
342:on Titania, 622 km
294:Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
82:Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
26:Not to be confused with
1107:Orthographic projection
1090:Measurement conventions
1036:Lamé's stress ellipsoid
94:
84:
73:
57:
40:. From left to right:
1618:Paleostress inversion
1311:Strike-slip tectonics
1181:Extensional tectonics
1161:Continental collision
1031:Deformation mechanism
115:extensional tectonics
90:
79:
63:
36:
1196:Fold and thrust belt
603:10.1029/2012JE004059
373:. Giacomo Corti-CNR.
137:Earth's rift valleys
19:For other uses, see
1628:Section restoration
1504:Rock microstructure
1166:Convergent boundary
1066:Strain partitioning
1051:Overburden pressure
1041:Mohr–Coulomb theory
971:2000Tectp.316..121M
932:1985Natur.316...33B
878:1986Sci...233...43S
793:10.1038/nature13697
785:2014Natur.514...68A
718:1992JGR....9713199S
674:1992JGR....9713395S
639:2006JSG....28.2144K
594:2012JGRE..117.6002A
545:1998JGR...10311113A
504:Understanding Earth
469:1999AmSci..87..510S
233:World Heritage Site
147:sea floor spreading
64:A rift valley near
38:African Rift Valley
1700:Tectonic landforms
1605:Kinematic analysis
1261:Mountain formation
1176:Divergent boundary
1141:Accretionary wedge
1017:Structural geology
477:10.1511/1999.6.510
457:American Scientist
198:Dead Sea Transform
151:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
95:
85:
74:
58:
1695:Rifts and grabens
1682:
1681:
1613:3D fold evolution
1499:Pressure solution
1494:Oblique foliation
1374:Exfoliation joint
1364:Columnar jointing
1024:Underlying theory
726:10.1029/92JE01418
682:10.1029/92JE01167
633:(12): 2144–2155.
554:10.1029/98JE00740
266:Midcontinent Rift
247:East African Rift
213:Rift valley lakes
170:East African Rift
155:East Pacific Rise
127:continental crust
123:East African Rift
1707:
1672:
1671:
1417:Detachment fault
1412:Cataclastic rock
1346:Thrust tectonics
1316:Structural basin
1291:Pull-apart basin
1231:Horst and graben
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
986:
982:
965:(1–2): 121–132.
951:
940:10.1038/316033a0
906:
905:
857:
851:
850:
848:
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827:
821:
820:
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517:
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446:
445:
443:
442:
427:
421:
420:
418:
417:
412:. World Heritage
406:
400:
399:
397:
396:
387:. Archived from
381:
375:
374:
367:
350:on Miranda, and
344:Kachina Chasmata
314:Valles Marineris
278:Lake Timiskaming
178:Baikal Rift Zone
1717:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1660:
1632:
1599:
1581:
1552:Detachment fold
1528:
1456:
1452:Transform fault
1427:Fault mechanics
1393:
1350:
1286:Plate tectonics
1236:Intra-arc basin
1126:
1097:Brunton compass
1085:
1019:
1014:
926:(6023): 33–37.
914:
912:Further reading
909:
872:(4759): 43–64.
858:
854:
845:
843:
842:on July 9, 2008
828:
824:
779:(7520): 68–71.
768:
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383:
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378:
369:
368:
364:
360:
327:Nostromo Chasma
310:
257:, the largest
237:Lake Tanganyika
221:
215:
186:tectonic plates
174:Rio Grande rift
166:triple junction
143:mid-ocean ridge
139:
52:(largest), and
50:Lake Tanganyika
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1519:Tectonic phase
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1281:Passive margin
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1206:Foreland basin
1203:
1201:Fold mountains
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1156:Back-arc basin
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1122:Strike and dip
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1056:Rock mechanics
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1038:
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959:Tectonophysics
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361:
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340:Messina Chasma
309:
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274:Lake Nipissing
242:Albertine Rift
217:Main article:
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9:
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1447:Transfer zone
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1234:
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1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
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1202:
1199:
1197:
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1046:Mohr's circle
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735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
712:(E8): 13199.
711:
707:
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691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
668:(E8): 13395.
667:
663:
656:
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621:
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604:
599:
595:
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587:
583:
579:
572:
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555:
550:
546:
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539:(E5): 11113.
538:
534:
530:
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515:
513:0-7167-7696-0
509:
505:
498:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
451:
437:on 2012-04-19
436:
432:
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411:
405:
391:on 2020-06-19
390:
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1442:Thrust fault
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1131:Large-scale
1102:Inclinometer
1076:Stress field
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840:the original
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379:
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348:Verona Rupes
336:Vallis Alpes
311:
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1623:Paleostress
1509:Slickenside
1484:Crenulation
1437:Fault trace
1432:Fault scarp
1422:Disturbance
1407:Cataclasite
1296:Rift valley
1216:Half-graben
1186:Fault block
1171:DĂ©collement
588:(E6): n/a.
354:on Oberon.
270:Lake Vostok
225:Lake Baikal
111:lithosphere
99:rift valley
42:Lake Upemba
1689:Categories
1651:Pure shear
1638:Shear zone
1595:Competence
1479:Compaction
1356:Fracturing
1151:Autochthon
1146:Allochthon
846:2007-07-23
759:. PhysOrg.
463:(6): 510.
441:2007-01-07
416:2007-01-13
395:2020-06-18
358:References
346:on Ariel,
330:including
259:freshwater
207:landslides
119:rift lakes
54:Lake Rukwa
46:Lake Mweru
1587:Boudinage
1567:Monocline
1562:Homocline
1542:Anticline
1524:Tectonite
1514:Stylolite
1489:Fissility
1466:lineation
1462:Foliation
1326:Syneclise
1271:Obduction
1241:Inversion
1133:tectonics
836:space.com
801:0028-0836
742:129537658
734:0148-0227
690:0148-0227
612:0148-0227
563:0148-0227
485:209833822
302:Iceland's
219:Rift lake
203:sag ponds
162:aulacogen
103:highlands
28:Rift zone
1674:Category
1646:Mylonite
1577:Vergence
1572:Syncline
1474:Cleavage
1399:Faulting
894:17812889
809:25279919
194:Dead Sea
176:and the
153:and the
66:Quilotoa
1547:Chevron
1534:Folding
1379:Fissure
1331:Terrane
1276:Orogeny
1256:MĂ©lange
1191:Fenster
1081:Tension
967:Bibcode
948:4355790
928:Bibcode
902:5895824
874:Bibcode
866:Science
817:4452730
781:Bibcode
714:Bibcode
670:Bibcode
635:Bibcode
590:Bibcode
541:Bibcode
465:Bibcode
282:Ontario
229:Siberia
164:) of a
113:due to
70:Ecuador
1321:Suture
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1211:Graben
1071:Stress
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920:Nature
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738:S2CID
481:S2CID
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1464:and
1389:Vein
1369:Dike
1301:Rift
1112:Rake
890:PMID
805:PMID
797:ISSN
730:ISSN
686:ISSN
608:ISSN
559:ISSN
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