450:, a 25-year-old cipher clerk at the Soviet Embassy, learned that he was to be recalled to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had been devastated by the Second World War and the standard of living in his country could not compare to that afforded by his post in Canada. Zabotin was able to delay his return by insisting he could not be spared until a replacement could be found and trained. In July 1945, however, his replacement arrived from Moscow and Gouzenko's departure seemed inevitable. Eager to avoid repatriation, he gathered more than 100 documents that implicated a number of Canadians – including Lunan – and defected from the embassy on September 5. Prime Minister
407:
supplied him only with verbal information on the capacity of
Canadian explosives plants – information that was already publicly available – which Lunan wrote up in a one-and-a-half-page report. Lunan continued to press Halperin for more information – particularly written information since Lunan lacked the expertise to convey complex scientific concepts back to the Soviets – but Halperin continually refused. Lunan reported to Rogov, "It is impossible to get anything from him except... verbal descriptions, and I am not in a position to understand everything fully where it concerns technical details." Halperin eventually cut off contact with Lunan entirely.
564:. In his memoir, Lunan recalled Harvison saying, "Well, we've tangled with you reds before and you scream your heads off but there is no way you're going to wiggle out of this one. You know why you're here. Are you ready to tell us what you know?" Lunan claimed he at first denied any involvement in espionage activities and demanded to speak to a lawyer. Harvison denied this request, saying, "At the moment you have no rights. You are being legally detained under an Order in Council and you are obliged by law to answer my questions."
380:(to whom the Soviet had assigned the code name, "Bacon"), Edward Mazerall (code-named "Bagley"), and Durnford Smith (code-named "Badeau"). The three men attended the same discussion group and Lunan was already acquainted with Smith. Lunan was to relay requests for information on Canadian research in a number of fields. Lunan's career in journalism offered him cover for recruiting informants, some of whom were led to believe they were speaking to him in his capacity as editor of
706:. His marriage to Newman survived his incarceration, but she filed for divorce in 1952. Lunan later married Miriam Magee, a woman he met at a party celebrating his release. The two were married in Montreal, where Lunan returned to the advertising industry and eventually started his own firm. In 1975, he retired and the couple moved to a rural home outside Ottawa. Magee died from cancer in 1988.
426:. His position with the Wartime Information Board did not give him access to any secret information that would have been of value to the Soviets. Rather, his usefulness was limited to the extent he could extract information from Halperin, Mazerall, and Smith and he did not have the scientific literacy to act as an effective go-between. He noted in his memoir:
608:: conspiring to provide information to the Soviets and having provided the information. The Crown had determined it could not pursue charges of treason since the information had been shared with the Soviet Union, which was Canada's ally at the time. Lunan did not enter a plea. Following his arraignment, Lunan was taken to the
410:
Mazerall was an electrical engineer with the NRC. He was reluctant to help Lunan and put off meeting with him for weeks. Finally, in late July 1945, Lunan approached him under the guise that the editor of an army newspaper was looking for information on developments in radar technology. Mazerall gave
372:
In either case, the individual was
Colonel Vasili Rogov, assistant to Colonel Nikolai Zabotin, the military attaché at the Soviet Embassy, whom Lunan knew only as "Jan". Rogov proved rigidly secretive and their initial meeting was brief; the two men climbed into the back of a chauffeur-driven car and
342:
I admired the Soviet Union for what I believed then to be its enlightened worldview. I wished it well, but like most of my comrades, I suspect, I would not have wanted to live there or to make Canada over in its likeness. RCMP claims to the contrary notwithstanding, the real glue that abound me to my
685:
On
December 27, Smith was convicted of conspiracy to communicate confidential information to the Soviets following a four-day trial. In his decision, McDougall cited "an overwhelming mass of evidence" and told Smith, "It is extremely unfortunate that a man of your abilities ." Smith was sentenced to
668:
On Friday, November 15, after the Crown finished presenting its case, the trial came to an abrupt end when Cohen declared he would not be presenting any defence evidence. None of the witnesses he called appeared in court. The following Monday, November 18, McDougall found Lunan guilty of conspiracy
632:
At a preliminary hearing on March 28, Lunan's lawyer, H.L. Cartwright, attempted to cast doubt on his confession before the
Commission by questioning him about the conditions he faced in detention. Lunan described the conditions as "psychological torture", citing his isolation, the 24-hour lighting,
548:
Lunan and the other detainees were held in an RCMP barracks at
Rockcliffe. They were kept isolated and denied access to family or counsel. They were forbidden from speaking to the guards or the other detainees. The windows at the facility had been nailed shut and the lights were left on 24 hours per
571:
After a few days, Lunan, fearing that, as a member of the armed forces, he could be shot for treason, relented and confessed his involvement. On
February 28, he was brought to testify before the Commission and provided details of his meetings with Halperin, Mazerall, and Smith, though not Rose. On
467:
Rose had received news of
Gouzenko's defection on September 6. He passed along the news to his contacts, telling them, "Lie low. Don't talk. Nothing will happen." He assured Lunan that he was unlikely to face any recourse, as King would be reluctant to upset relations with the Soviet Union. As time
693:
On April 16, 1947, Lunan's appeals against his conviction and sentence were both denied. He surrendered to the
Carleton County Sheriff, but could not be sent directly to Kingston due to a severe snowstorm. Instead, he spent the next several days in the Ottawa Jail, time that was not counted toward
689:
Halperin's trial had been set for
December 1946. However, the trial was put on hold when Lunan was called as a witness and he refused to testify. When the court reconvened in March 1947, the charges were dismissed due to lack of evidence when Lunan again refused to testify. Lunan was again charged
660:
Lunan's trial began on
November 13 and would last four days. He was represented by Joseph Cohen, who had also defended Rose. Cohen's defence strategy was largely centred on discrediting the Commission and having Lunan's testimony ruled inadmissible, arguing the "intimidation, threats, promises and
479:
had been hesitant to get involved out of fear of damaging relations with the Soviet Union and undermining talks about nuclear weapons control. Additionally, the Soviet Union had largely ceased its espionage activities within Canada following Gouzenko's defection and the suspects posed no immediate
430:
My judgment eventually led me to abdicate my role as intermediary. Rogov was not interested in my assessment of Canadian or international affairs and I was not qualified to appraise information of a scientific nature, or to discuss or evaluate any reciprocal information coming from Rogov. Nor, for
580:
After long and delicate interrogation, during which was told of overwhelming evidence against him, LUNAN was finally brought to point where he stated he might be prepared to assist Canadian government and that he could be of great help. He was gone far enough to make retraction difficult and with
539:
on February 15. He heard his name called over the loud-speaker. He was directed to a small room where several plainclothes RCMP officers surrounded and detained him. That same day, 10 others were detained in a series of police raids in Montreal, Ottawa, and Kingston, with two others detained the
414:
Documents that were later obtained by the Kellock–Taschereau Commission suggest that, on at least two occasions, Lunan was given a payment of $ 100, with an additional $ 30 for each of Halperin, Mazerall, and Smith. Another document suggested Rogov provided a separate gift of $ 100 following the
406:
during the Second World War. The Soviets assigned Lunan a lengthy list of objectives regarding Halperin; among other things, they wanted him to provide information regarding Canadian research on explosives and, in particular, supply samples of uranium. Halperin met with Lunan several times but
567:
Harvison persisted, showing him copies of the documents Gouzenko had shared and showing Lunan surveillance records dating back as far as 1939. Harvison knew his code name, "Back" and had details of his encounters with Rogov. Lunan was told the other detainees had implicated him (and, in fact,
615:
Gouzenko had produced a considerable amount of evidence implicating Lunan and, consequently, Lunan was seen as a key figure in the Gouzenko Affair. The press referred to him as a "spy cell head" and a "master spy." In a later interview, however, Mazerall disputed these assessments, saying:
352:
Lunan's espionage activities began in March 1945. Lunan was approached by Rose about supplying information to the Soviets, a proposal Lunan quickly agreed to. There are varying accounts of how the Soviets first made contact with Lunan. According to the testimony he would later give to the
391:. From March to August 1945, he passed along 17 secret reports – totalling 700 pages – on radar systems, radio tubes, and microwaves. However, the information proved to be extremely technical and Lunan, with no scientific background, proved ineffective as an intermediary. Instead, the
415:
birth of Lunan's daughter, whom he had named Jan, Rogov's code name. Lunan would later deny having received any payments. In his memoir, Lunan claimed he was offered money, which he refused. He speculated that the money allocated to him was instead misappropriated by Embassy staff.
373:
the vehicle took off. Rogov briefly questioned Lunan about his job and handed him a white envelope with instructions to destroy it after he had read its contents. The driver hurriedly circled back toward their starting point and Lunan was unceremoniously dropped off mid-block.
665:, Canada's Minister of Reconstruction. However, the presiding judge, A. Gordon McDougall, ruled the testimony admissible. Cohen also objected to Gouzenko as a witness, arguing the documents he took from the Embassy were diplomatically immune from court, but he was overruled.
568:
Mazerall had). At one point, Harvison, evidently unaware that Lunan's wife was Jewish, resorted to anti-Semitism, asking him "Are you going to stand by and let people with names like Rosenberg, Kogan, Mazerall, Rabinovitch, and Halperin sell Canada down the river?"
514:
host, announced in his weekly broadcast that a Soviet agent had surrendered to Canadian authorities and that Canada was quietly investigating a Soviet spy ring. On February 5, King hurriedly launched the Kellock–Taschereau Commission, a
640:, allowed the transcripts of the Commission to be used as evidence against Mazerall. He stated that ignorance of the law was not a defence and claimed the accused could have avoided self-incrimination by demanding protection under the
633:
and Harvison's "highly vindictive" attitude, though he could not identify any specific instances of physical threats or intimidation. However, the magistrate, Glenn Strike, dismissed these arguments, ruling the testimony admissible.
717:. The primary difference between the two books is an epilogue in the latter where he said he acted "naively, stupidly and admittedly outside the law" and expressed regret over his role in the Gouzenko Affair and bringing about the
620:
They took the view that Lunan was a more hardened individual, for some strange reason. I don't see how he could have been because he wouldn't have given way so early in the barracks if he had been an experienced
677:
Lunan, you are an educated and able man. You have been given every opportunity in this country and were granted the King's commission in the Canadian Army. I can find no excuse whatever for what you have
411:
him two documents marked "confidential" – a research proposal and a paper on air navigation that was set to be presented at an upcoming symposium in London which the Soviets would be attending.
682:
Lunan remained free pending his appeal. However, he was not represented by Cohen during the appeal process, as the relationship between the two men soon broke down in a dispute over fees.
2656:
311:, a military journal written for members of the armed forces serving overseas to keep them appraised of current affairs and prepare them for return to civilian life.
602:. That same day, all four were released from Rockcliffe and then arrested and brought to an arraignment in Ottawa where they each faced two charges of violating the
535:
On February 13, Lunan was sent a cable recalling him to Canada under the pretense that he was urgently needed for an "important assignment" in Ottawa. He arrived at
661:
inducements in a legal sense, every type of thing makes his testimony inadmissible". He had subpoenas served to a number of officials, including King, Kellock, and
1472:
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under the LLP banner. He met often with Rose and other communist activists and allowed them the use of his apartment for discussion groups. In his 1995 memoir,
653:
In June, however, Lunan was charged with contempt of court and sentenced to three months when he refused to testify at Rose's trial. He served his sentence at
492:
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On March 4, 1946, the Commission released an interim report publicly identifying four of the detainees: Lunan, Mazerall, Kathleen Willsher, and
213:, Edward Mazerall, and Durnford Smith. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and given two additional sentences totalling 15 months for
536:
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423:
357:, he arrived in his office one morning to find an anonymous note on his desk, inviting him to meet an unnamed person at a corner on
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233:, Scotland. He had three brothers and his father worked as a commercial traveller. When he was nine years old, his family moved to
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following day. Among those detained were Halperin, Mazerall, and Smith. Rose would not be taken into custody until March 14.
419:
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In May, Mazerall's trial yielded a ruling that would act as a precedent for the other accused spies. The presiding judge,
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Lunan became active in a number of political movements, such as the Quebec Committee for Allied Victory and the communist
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five years. His appeal was denied. Lunan expressed regret over implicating Smith and refused to testify at his trial.
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361:. According to his memoir, he received an anonymous phone call from a young woman instructing him to meet her at the
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245:, a British advertising company. After two years, he earned a position in the copy department and worked as a
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For five months, Rose's prediction appeared to hold; Gouzenko's defection remained a secret. Prime Minister
464:. It allowed police to detain suspects without evidence and suspended the suspects' right to legal counsel.
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that matter, was I prepared to pressure or influence the others to do anything against their own judgment.
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comrades and them to me was the shared desire for a more humane society, a fairer distribution of wealth.
646:. Lunan was called to testify in Mazerall's trial, but refused; however, McRuer did not charge him with
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1898:
507:
319:
296:
194:
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The Science of War: Canadian Scientists and Allied Military Technology during the Second World War
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Lunan was released on October 20, 1951, after serving four-and-a-half years, with time off for
323:
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On March 12, Lunan returned to court to learn he was facing five additional charges under the
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The envelope contained instructions to act as a go-between for three prospective informants:
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Smith was the most productive of Lunan's sources. Smith was an electrical engineer with the
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In 2005, Lunan suffered a fall and spent the final two weeks of his life in a hospital in
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immigrant. The two were married in September of that year, shortly after the start of the
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Lunan immigrated to Canada in 1938 and found work with A. McKim, an advertising agency in
8:
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LUNAN has confessed completely... and has implicated fully SMITH, MAZERALL and HALPERIN.
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passed, Lunan appeared to grow more relaxed; on November 7, the anniversary of the
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Lunan was one of the first to be targeted for interrogation. He was questioned by
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650:. Nevertheless, on May 22, Mazerall was sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
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How the Cold War Began: The Igor Gouzenko Affair and the Hunt for Soviet Spies
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2006:
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1334:"How the Cold War Began... with British Help: The Gouzenko Affair Revisited"
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Great Canadian Lives: A Cultural History of Modern Canada Through the Obit
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where she introduced him to a "shabbily and rather oddly dressed" man.
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with contempt of court and sentenced to an additional year in prison.
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Repression and Resistance: Canadian Human Rights Activists, 1930-1960
1849:"Lunan Relates Arrest and Detention; Court Rules Evidence Admissible"
1821:"Lunan Relates Arrest and Detention; Court Rules Evidence Admissible"
230:
178:
79:
48:
629:. On March 14, bail set at $ 6,000. He made bail the following day.
1159:"Zabotin Cable Credits Rose With Supplying Data on Canadian Army".
952:
253:
422:. He ceased his espionage activities in August 1945 following the
2152:
503:. Martin was aware that Lunan was under suspicion of espionage.
102:
Five years' imprisonment plus a combined total of 15 months for
506:
On February 3, 1946, Gouzenko's defection was made public when
484:
472:, Lunan and Rose attended a celebration at the Soviet Embassy.
304:
234:
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2160:"Durnford Smith to Pass Holiday In Doubt as Judgment Reserved"
1933:
1931:
2317:
2142:"Judge Supreme: Lunan Stays in Jail, Loses Contempt Appeal".
2079:
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322:, he had several communist connections. He was befriended by
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241:. He finished school at 17 and began an apprenticeship with
2060:. Vancouver, British Columbia. November 12, 1946. p. 1
1943:
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1063:. Vancouver, British Columbia. December 27, 1946. p. 1
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491:. He was initially tasked with providing publicity for the
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2325:"Canadian, Convicted as Spy for Russia, Freed from Prison"
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862:"'Lot More' Civil Servants Implicated in Ottawa Spy Ring"
573:
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Canadian people convicted of spying for the Soviet Union
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in September 1945 and launched what became known as the
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February 20, investigators reported in a memorandum to
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In 1995, Lunan published a memoir on his experiences,
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Redhanded: Inside the Spy Ring that Changed the World
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Redhanded: Inside the Spy Ring that Changed the World
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and, on December 16, 1943, he was transferred to the
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1972:
1916:
1779:"Lunan Will Face Five New Counts, Others Two Each".
1733:
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1024:"Russian Espionage in U.S. Reached Its Peak in 1945"
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first session of the United Nations General Assembly
2267:"Spy Sequel: Seek to Free Lunan on Habeas Corpus".
2196:. Brantford, Ontario. December 27, 1946. p. 2
2015:. Brantford, Ontario. November 14, 1946. p. 2
882:
762:
454:responded later that year by signing a top-secret
275:. Three months later, he earned a commission as a
2273:. Toronto, Ontario. February 22, 1951. p. 1.
2260:
2168:. Kingston, Ontario. December 21, 1946. p. 5
1015:
777:
669:and sentenced him to five years' imprisonment at
295:. Eleven months later, Lunan was assigned to the
2623:
2416:
2359:. Calgary, Alberta. October 14, 1952. p. 16
217:when he refused to testify against Halperin and
2553:. Outrement, Quebec: Robert Davies Publishing.
2404:. Ottawa, Ontario. January 12, 1988. p. 39
2305:. Calgary, Alberta. October 25, 1951. p. 8
1152:
728:, Ontario. He died October 3 at the age of 90.
585:Another memorandum was sent the following day:
2135:
2007:"Defense Counsel Fights Admission of Evidence"
1968:. Toronto, Ontario. June 21, 1946. p. 15.
1785:. Toronto, Ontario. March 13, 1951. p. 1.
1772:
1701:"Accused Woman Confesses Guilt in Aiding Reds"
1165:. Toronto, Ontario. March 25, 1946. p. 1.
543:
458:(P.C. 6444) passed under the authority of the
395:opted to have Rogov deal with Smith directly.
2474:Emma: The True Story of Canada's Unlikely Spy
2224:. Windsor, Ontario. April 24, 1947. p. 1
2148:. Toronto, Ontario. March 7, 1951. p. 4.
1955:
1893:
1891:
1857:. Ottawa, Ontario. March 28, 1946. p. 14
237:where he attended Belmont School and, later,
1829:. Ottawa, Ontario. March 28, 1946. p. 1
1464:
1325:
560:, an RCMP officer who would go on to become
384:. Lunan was assigned the code name, "Back."
173:(December 31, 1914 – October 3, 2005) was a
2188:"Dunford Smith Given Five-Year Prison Term"
2115:"Lunan, Convicted, Gets Five-Year Sentence"
2086:"Lunan, Convicted, Gets Five-Year Sentence"
1962:"Rose Given 6 Years; Barred From Commons".
870:. Ottawa, Ontario. March 5, 1946. p. 9
267:On January 20, 1943, Lunan enlisted in the
2523:
1888:
657:in Montreal while awaiting his own trial.
713:. In 2005, the memoir was republished as
673:. While passing sentence, he told Lunan:
527:, to investigate Gouzenko's information.
2682:Royal Canadian Corps of Signals officers
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1990:
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1473:"The Thirty Years' War with The Commies"
1470:
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1259:
1247:
1223:
1187:
1146:
1134:
997:
711:The Making of a Spy: A Political Odyssey
495:, but he ended up as a speechwriter for
398:Halperin was a mathematics professor at
336:The Making of a Spy: A Political Odyssey
738:The Making of Spy: A Political Odyssey
501:Secretary of State for External Affairs
418:On June 5, 1945, Lunan was promoted to
256:. In 1939, Lunan met Phyllis Newman, a
177:officer who, in 1946, was convicted of
160: 1953; died 1988)
2647:Canadian Army officers of World War II
2624:
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2353:"Wife of Spy Figure Suing for Divorce"
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483:On January 9, 1946, Lunan was sent to
330:organizer who would go on to become a
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2333:. Springfield, Ohio. October 24, 1951
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581:luck he will make statement tomorrow.
229:Lunan was born December 31, 1914, in
2429:. Toronto, Ontario. October 6, 2005.
2112:
2083:
1471:Phillips, Alan (September 1, 1954).
402:who had taken leave to serve in the
2667:People educated at Mill Hill School
593:
549:day. The detainees were kept under
185:. Lunan was identified as a spy by
13:
2297:"Lunan Reported Freed From Prison"
2216:"Conviction of Benning is Quashed"
1709:. Hamilton, Ontario. March 4, 1946
787:The Report of the Royal Commission
731:
519:chaired by Supreme Court Justices
435:
14:
2698:
2677:Prisoners and detainees of Canada
1055:"Durnford Smith Gets 5-Year Term"
1022:Knebel, Fletcher (July 1, 1951).
318:(LLP). While he never joined the
16:Canadian spy for the Soviet Union
2642:20th-century Canadian memoirists
1481:. pp. 18–63. Archived from
134:
2113:Finn, Joe (November 18, 1946).
2084:Finn, Joe (November 18, 1946).
389:National Research Council (NRC)
281:Royal Canadian Corps of Signals
209:for three other accused spies:
157:
130:
2437:
89:Seven counts of violating the
1:
2123:. Ottawa, Ontario. p. 14
1903:Canada's Human Rights History
1032:. Des Moines, Iowa. p. 9
750:
697:
480:threat to Canadian security.
355:Kellock–Taschereau Commission
224:
2687:Scottish emigrants to Canada
2662:Military personnel from Fife
2094:. Ottawa, Ontario. p. 1
755:
347:
7:
2530:University of Toronto Press
2451:University of Toronto Press
2412:– via Newspapers.com.
2367:– via Newspapers.com.
2341:– via Newspapers.com.
2313:– via Newspapers.com.
2232:– via Newspapers.com.
2204:– via Newspapers.com.
2176:– via Newspapers.com.
2131:– via Newspapers.com.
2102:– via Newspapers.com.
2068:– via Newspapers.com.
2023:– via Newspapers.com.
1865:– via Newspapers.com.
1837:– via Newspapers.com.
1071:– via Newspapers.com.
1040:– via Newspapers.com.
878:– via Newspapers.com.
544:Detention and interrogation
477:William Lyon Mackenzie King
452:William Lyon Mackenzie King
424:atomic bombing of Hiroshima
279:and was transferred to the
10:
2703:
2599:Gouzenko: The Untold Story
2165:The Kingston Whig-Standard
2052:"King Called in Spy Trial"
487:where he was stationed at
439:
2524:Lambertson, Ross (2005).
1332:Molinaro, Dennis (2017).
297:Wartime Information Board
285:Barriefield Military Camp
109:
98:
85:
75:
56:
30:
23:
2507:McClelland & Stewart
964:, p. 117–118.
562:Commissioner of the RCMP
2568:Martin, Sandra (2012).
316:Labor-Progressive Party
205:. Lunan had acted as a
2547:Lunan, Gordon (1995).
2445:Avery, Donald (1998).
1706:The Hamilton Spectator
680:
623:
591:
583:
433:
345:
2672:People from Kirkcaldy
2576:House of Anansi Press
2396:"LUNAN, Miriam Magee"
1350:10.1353/llt.2017.0005
675:
671:Kingston Penitentiary
638:James Chalmers McRuer
618:
587:
578:
428:
340:
2652:Canadian copywriters
2602:. Toronto, Ontario:
2578:. pp. 218–223.
2574:. Toronto, Ontario:
2528:. Toronto, Ontario:
2505:. Toronto, Ontario:
2477:. Toronto, Ontario:
2449:. Toronto, Ontario:
2423:"Gordon Lunan, 90".
2330:Springfield News-Sun
794:Canada Privy Council
627:Official Secrets Act
605:Official Secrets Act
332:member of Parliament
133: 1938;
92:Official Secrets Act
2604:Macmillan of Canada
2550:The Making of a Spy
2479:Stoddart Publishing
2245:, pp. 175–176.
1952:, pp. 204–206.
1940:, pp. 286–287.
1663:, pp. 118–119.
1602:, pp. 117–118.
1566:, pp. 145–146.
1554:, pp. 114–116.
1542:, pp. 151–153.
1518:, pp. 173–174.
1485:on December 5, 2022
1338:Labour / Le Travail
1286:, pp. 114–115.
1178:, pp. 146–148.
1137:, pp. 107–108.
1108:, pp. 176–177.
1084:, pp. 359–360.
976:, pp. 143–144.
829:, pp. 219–220.
643:Canada Evidence Act
531:Detention and trial
446:In September 1944,
365:. She led him down
326:, a politician and
303:. He was posted in
2426:The Globe and Mail
2270:The Globe and Mail
2145:The Globe and Mail
1965:The Globe and Mail
1782:The Globe and Mail
1162:The Globe and Mail
796:. pp. 123–161
779:Taschereau, Robert
719:Cold War in Canada
470:October Revolution
404:Canadian Artillery
400:Queen's University
307:, where he edited
293:Edmonton Fusiliers
171:David Gordon Lunan
35:David Gordon Lunan
1899:"James C. McRuer"
1614:, pp. 21–22.
1400:, pp. 23–26.
1310:, pp. 48–49.
1274:, pp. 32–33.
1238:, pp. 20–21.
1202:, pp. 28–29.
1096:, pp. 27–28.
920:, pp. 95–96.
785:(June 27, 1946).
648:contempt of court
558:Clifford Harvison
525:Robert Taschereau
299:with the rank of
277:second lieutenant
215:contempt of court
181:on behalf of the
168:
167:
104:contempt of court
70:, Ontario, Canada
45:December 31, 1914
2694:
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2543:
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2414:
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2369:
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2357:Calgary Albertan
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801:
791:
775:
594:Arrest and trial
517:royal commission
461:War Measures Act
456:Order-in-Council
382:Canadian Affairs
309:Canadian Affairs
262:Second World War
239:Mill Hill School
161:
159:
138:
136:
132:
99:Criminal penalty
86:Criminal charges
63:
44:
42:
21:
20:
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821:
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799:
797:
789:
776:
763:
758:
753:
734:
732:Published works
700:
655:Bordeaux Prison
596:
546:
533:
497:Paul Martin Sr.
444:
442:Gouzenko Affair
438:
436:Gouzenko Affair
378:Israel Halperin
363:Château Laurier
350:
320:Communist Party
227:
211:Israel Halperin
203:Gouzenko Affair
164:
163:
155:
151:
148:
140:
137: 1952)
128:
124:
121:
71:
65:
61:
60:October 3, 2005
52:
46:
40:
38:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2594:Sawatsky, John
2590:
2585:978-1770894488
2584:
2565:
2560:978-1895854473
2559:
2544:
2539:978-0802089212
2538:
2521:
2516:978-0771095771
2515:
2493:
2487:
2469:Callwood, June
2465:
2460:978-0802059963
2459:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2415:
2401:Ottawa Citizen
2387:
2385:, p. 223.
2370:
2344:
2316:
2302:Calgary Herald
2288:
2286:, p. 227.
2276:
2259:
2257:, p. 362.
2247:
2235:
2207:
2179:
2151:
2134:
2120:Ottawa Citizen
2105:
2091:Ottawa Citizen
2071:
2043:
2041:, p. 203.
2026:
1995:
1993:, p. 205.
1983:
1981:, p. 198.
1971:
1954:
1942:
1927:
1925:, p. 196.
1915:
1887:
1885:, p. 202.
1868:
1854:Ottawa Citizen
1840:
1826:Ottawa Citizen
1812:
1810:, p. 167.
1800:
1798:, p. 166.
1788:
1771:
1769:, p. 164.
1759:
1757:, p. 180.
1744:
1742:, p. 190.
1732:
1730:, p. 151.
1720:
1689:
1687:, p. 155.
1677:
1675:, p. 232.
1665:
1646:
1644:, p. 179.
1631:
1629:, p. 118.
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1578:, p. 145.
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1530:, p. 181.
1520:
1508:
1506:, p. 107.
1496:
1463:
1461:, p. 140.
1448:
1446:, p. 222.
1429:
1427:, p. 104.
1417:
1415:, p. 139.
1402:
1390:
1388:, p. 115.
1378:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1262:, p. 119.
1252:
1250:, p. 101.
1240:
1228:
1226:, p. 100.
1216:
1214:, p. 148.
1204:
1192:
1190:, p. 125.
1180:
1168:
1151:
1149:, p. 149.
1139:
1127:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1043:
1029:Ottawa Citizen
1014:
1002:
1000:, p. 108.
990:
988:, p. 144.
978:
966:
951:
949:, p. 143.
939:
937:, p. 221.
922:
910:
908:, p. 117.
893:
881:
867:Ottawa Journal
848:
846:, p. 220.
831:
819:
817:, p. 219.
807:
760:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
741:
733:
730:
704:good behaviour
699:
696:
694:his sentence.
595:
592:
545:
542:
537:Dorval Airport
532:
529:
440:Main article:
437:
434:
349:
346:
226:
223:
195:Soviet Embassy
166:
165:
153:
149:
146:
145:
144:
143:
126:
122:
120:Phyllis Newman
119:
118:
117:
116:
113:
111:
107:
106:
100:
96:
95:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
66:
64:(aged 90)
58:
54:
53:
47:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2615:
2613:0-7715-9812-2
2609:
2605:
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2256:
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2195:
2194:
2193:The Expositor
2189:
2183:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2147:
2146:
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2122:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2059:
2058:
2057:Vancouver Sun
2053:
2047:
2040:
2039:Callwood 1984
2035:
2033:
2031:
2014:
2013:
2012:The Expositor
2008:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1991:Callwood 1984
1987:
1980:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1950:Callwood 1984
1946:
1939:
1938:Sawatsky 1984
1934:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:Callwood 1984
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1808:Callwood 1984
1804:
1797:
1796:Callwood 1984
1792:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1768:
1767:Callwood 1984
1763:
1756:
1755:Callwood 1984
1751:
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1741:
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1729:
1728:Callwood 1984
1724:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1685:Callwood 1984
1681:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:Callwood 1984
1638:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1590:, p. 64.
1589:
1584:
1577:
1576:Callwood 1984
1572:
1565:
1564:Callwood 1984
1560:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1528:Callwood 1984
1524:
1517:
1516:Callwood 1984
1512:
1505:
1500:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1459:Callwood 1984
1455:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1413:Callwood 1984
1409:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1322:, p. 49.
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1298:, p. 79.
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1260:Callwood 1984
1256:
1249:
1248:Callwood 1984
1244:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1224:Callwood 1984
1220:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1188:Callwood 1984
1184:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1148:
1147:Callwood 1984
1143:
1136:
1135:Callwood 1984
1131:
1125:, p. 28.
1124:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1062:
1061:
1060:Vancouver Sun
1056:
1050:
1048:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1012:, p. 29.
1011:
1006:
999:
998:Callwood 1984
994:
987:
982:
975:
970:
963:
958:
956:
948:
943:
936:
931:
929:
927:
919:
914:
907:
902:
900:
898:
891:, p. 23.
890:
885:
869:
868:
863:
857:
855:
853:
845:
840:
838:
836:
828:
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586:
582:
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569:
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563:
559:
554:
552:
551:suicide watch
541:
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457:
453:
449:
448:Igor Gouzenko
443:
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360:
359:Rideau Street
356:
344:
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62:(2005-10-03)
25:Gordon Lunan
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2637:2005 deaths
2632:1914 births
2497:Knight, Amy
2438:Works cited
2383:Martin 2012
2255:Martin 2012
2243:Knight 2005
1661:Knight 2005
1627:Knight 2005
1600:Knight 2005
1588:Knight 2005
1552:Knight 2005
1540:Knight 2005
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1444:Martin 2012
1425:Knight 2005
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1082:Martin 2012
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962:Knight 2005
935:Martin 2012
906:Knight 2005
844:Martin 2012
827:Martin 2012
815:Martin 2012
610:Ottawa Jail
600:Emma Woikin
521:Roy Kellock
76:Nationality
2626:Categories
2488:077372026X
2408:January 1,
2363:January 1,
2337:January 1,
2309:January 1,
2284:Lunan 1995
2228:January 1,
2200:January 1,
2172:January 1,
2127:January 1,
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2064:January 1,
2019:January 1,
1979:Lunan 1995
1923:Lunan 1995
1908:January 1,
1861:January 1,
1833:January 1,
1740:Lunan 1995
1713:January 1,
1673:Avery 1998
1612:Lunan 1995
1489:January 1,
1398:Lunan 1995
1371:January 1,
1344:: 143–55.
1212:Lunan 1995
1176:Lunan 1995
1067:January 1,
1036:January 1,
986:Lunan 1995
974:Lunan 1995
947:Lunan 1995
918:Lunan 1995
889:Lunan 1995
874:January 1,
800:January 1,
792:(Report).
751:References
726:Hawkesbury
698:Later life
663:C. D. Howe
301:lieutenant
247:copywriter
225:Early life
68:Hawkesbury
51:, Scotland
41:1914-12-31
1478:Maclean's
1366:149160717
756:Citations
512:NBC Radio
499:, King's
348:Espionage
324:Fred Rose
231:Kirkcaldy
219:Fred Rose
193:from the
179:espionage
49:Kirkcaldy
2596:(1984).
2499:(2005).
2471:(1984).
1358:44820374
289:Kingston
254:Montreal
191:defected
189:when he
80:Canadian
621:person.
420:captain
283:at the
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485:London
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258:Polish
235:London
199:Ottawa
1362:S2CID
1354:JSTOR
790:(PDF)
678:done.
510:, an
328:union
271:as a
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523:and
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31:Born
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