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1103:(est. 2001) seeks to reduce global threats from nuclear, biological and chemical threats, and containment of damage after an event. It maintains a nuclear material security index. The Lifeboat Foundation (est. 2009) funds research into preventing a technological catastrophe. Most of the research money funds projects at universities. The Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (est. 2011) is a US-based non-profit, non-partisan think tank founded by
1216:
1300:
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502:. A disaster severe enough to cause the permanent, irreversible collapse of human civilisation would constitute an existential catastrophe, even if it fell short of extinction. Similarly, if humanity fell under a totalitarian regime, and there were no chance of recovery then such a dystopia would also be an existential catastrophe.
977:
negotiate and adjudicate between diverse and conflicting interests. This is further underlined by an understanding of the interconnectedness of global systemic risks. In absence or anticipation of global governance, national governments can act individually to better understand, mitigate and prepare for global catastrophes.
1963:'s definition: "An existential risk is one that threatens the premature extinction of Earth-originating intelligent life or the permanent and drastic destruction of its potential for desirable future development." Source: Bostrom, Nick (2013). "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority". Global Policy. 4:15-31.
797:
Scope insensitivity influences how bad people consider the extinction of the human race to be. For example, when people are motivated to donate money to altruistic causes, the quantity they are willing to give does not increase linearly with the magnitude of the issue: people are roughly as willing
1155:
explained to the AFP news agency, "It seems a reasonable prediction that some time in this or the next century intelligence will escape from the constraints of biology". He added that when this happens "we're no longer the smartest things around," and will risk being at the mercy of "machines that
963:
remains habitable, calorie needs for the present human population might in theory be met during an extended absence of sunlight, given sufficient advance planning. Conjectured solutions include growing mushrooms on the dead plant biomass left in the wake of the catastrophe, converting cellulose to
694:
expressed this with regards to nuclear war: "Understanding the long-term consequences of nuclear war is not a problem amenable to experimental verification". Moreover, many catastrophic risks change rapidly as technology advances and background conditions, such as geopolitical conditions, change.
976:
creates risks in the social and political domain, but the governance mechanisms develop more slowly than technological and social change. There are concerns from governments, the private sector, as well as the general public about the lack of governance mechanisms to efficiently deal with risks,
812:
Substantially larger numbers, such as 500 million deaths, and especially qualitatively different scenarios such as the extinction of the entire human species, seem to trigger a different mode of thinking... People who would never dream of hurting a child hear of existential risk, and say, "Well,
993:
There is evidence to suggest that collectively engaging with the emotional experiences that emerge during contemplating the vulnerability of the human species within the context of climate change allows for these experiences to be adaptive. When collective engaging with and processing emotional
1119:(est. 2014) works to reduce extreme, large-scale risks from transformative technologies, as well as steer the development and use of these technologies to benefit all life, through grantmaking, policy advocacy in the United States, European Union and United Nations, and educational outreach.
689:
Research into the nature and mitigation of global catastrophic risks and existential risks is subject to a unique set of challenges and, as a result, is not easily subjected to the usual standards of scientific rigour. For instance, it is neither feasible nor ethical to study these risks
956:. It is designed to hold 2.5 billion seeds from more than 100 countries as a precaution to preserve the world's crops. The surrounding rock is −6 °C (21 °F) (as of 2015) but the vault is kept at −18 °C (0 °F) by refrigerators powered by locally sourced coal.
757:
global public good, since most of the benefits of existential risk reduction would be enjoyed by future generations, and though these future people would in theory perhaps be willing to pay substantial sums for existential risk reduction, no mechanism for such a transaction exists.
516:
suggests an example.) A dystopian scenario shares the key features of extinction and unrecoverable collapse of civilization: before the catastrophe humanity faced a vast range of bright futures to choose from; after the catastrophe, humanity is locked forever in a terrible state.
989:
called for greater climate change action and published its
Climate Emergency Plan, which proposes ten action points to limit global average temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Further, in 2019, the Club published the more comprehensive Planetary Emergency Plan.
732:
have ended in a loss of centralized governance and a major civilization-wide loss of infrastructure and advanced technology. However, these examples demonstrate that societies appear to be fairly resilient to catastrophe; for example, Medieval Europe survived the
695:
Another challenge is the general difficulty of accurately predicting the future over long timescales, especially for anthropogenic risks which depend on complex human political, economic and social systems. In addition to known and tangible risks, unforeseeable
716:
to occur in the past is not evidence against their likelihood in the future, because every world that has experienced such an extinction event has no observers, so regardless of their frequency, no civilization observes existential risks in its history. These
1065:(est. 1945) is one of the oldest global risk organizations, founded after the public became alarmed by the potential of atomic warfare in the aftermath of WWII. It studies risks associated with nuclear war and energy and famously maintains the
401:
In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures and either advocate for or implement these measures.
434:
killed an estimated 3–6% of the world's population. Most global catastrophic risks would not be so intense as to kill the majority of life on earth, but even if one did, the ecosystem and humanity would eventually recover (in contrast to
707:
Humanity has never suffered an existential catastrophe and if one were to occur, it would necessarily be unprecedented. Therefore, existential risks pose unique challenges to prediction, even more than other long-term events, because of
753:, so we should expect it to be undersupplied by markets. Even if a large nation invests in risk mitigation measures, that nation will enjoy only a small fraction of the benefit of doing so. Furthermore, existential risk reduction is an
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was established in
January 2019 at Georgetown's Walsh School of Foreign Service and will focus on policy research of emerging technologies with an initial emphasis on artificial intelligence. They received a grant of 55M USD from
4108:
Whether you are searching for a cure for cancer, or pursuing a scholarly or artistic career, or engaged in establishing more just institutions, a threat to the future of humanity is also a threat to the significance of what you
1073:(est. 1986) examines the risks of nanotechnology and its benefits. It was one of the earliest organizations to study the unintended consequences of otherwise harmless technology gone haywire at a global scale. It was founded by
2525:
Desvousges, W.H., Johnson, F.R., Dunford, R.W., Boyle, K.J., Hudson, S.P., and Wilson, N. 1993, Measuring natural resource damages with contingent valuation: tests of validity and reliability. In
Hausman, J.A. (ed),
842:
Homo... A premium was placed on close attention to the near future and early reproduction, and little else. Disasters of a magnitude that occur only once every few centuries were forgotten or transmuted into myth."
1192:(WHO) includes a division called the Global Alert and Response (GAR) which monitors and responds to global epidemic crisis. GAR helps member states with training and coordination of response to epidemics. The
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1131:
are some of its biggest donors. The Center on Long-Term Risk (est. 2016), formerly known as the
Foundational Research Institute, is a British organization focused on reducing risks of astronomical suffering
468:) would either cause outright human extinction or irreversibly lock in a drastically inferior state of affairs. Existential risks are a sub-class of global catastrophic risks, where the damage is not only
2735:
The international body responsible for the continued prohibition of bioweapons (the
Biological Weapons Convention) has an annual budget of $ 1.4 million - less than the average McDonald's restaurant
919:
Some scholars propose the establishment on Earth of one or more self-sufficient, remote, permanently occupied settlements specifically created for the purpose of surviving a global disaster. Economist
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issues may partly be avoided by looking at evidence that does not have such selection effects, such as asteroid impact craters on the Moon, or directly evaluating the likely impact of new technology.
452:
singles out and groups together events that bring about "utter overthrow or ruin" on a global, rather than a "local or regional" scale. Posner highlights such events as worthy of special attention on
838:
argued that: "The reason for this myopic fog, evolutionary biologists contend, is that it was actually advantageous during all but the last few millennia of the two million years of existence of the
1151:(est. 2012) is a Cambridge University-based organization which studies four major technological risks: artificial intelligence, biotechnology, global warming and warfare. All are man-made risks, as
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The unprecedented nature of existential risks poses a special challenge in designing risk mitigation measures since humanity will not be able to learn from a track record of previous events.
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Human extinction is most likely when all three defenses are weak, that is, "by risks we are unlikely to prevent, unlikely to successfully respond to, and unlikely to be resilient against".
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Beginning after 2000, a growing number of scientists, philosophers and tech billionaires created organizations devoted to studying global risks both inside and outside of academia.
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The term global catastrophic risk "lacks a sharp definition", and generally refers (loosely) to a risk that could inflict "serious damage to human well-being on a global scale".
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is a
Stanford University-based organization focusing on many issues related to global catastrophe by bringing together members of academia in the humanities. It was founded by
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We currently focus on efforts to reduce the worst risks of astronomical suffering (s-risks) from emerging technologies, with a focus on transformative artificial intelligence.
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Potential global catastrophic risks are conventionally classified as anthropogenic or non-anthropogenic hazards. Examples of non-anthropogenic risks are an asteroid or comet
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To understand the dynamics of an unprecedented, unrecoverable global civilizational collapse (a type of existential risk), it may be instructive to study the various local
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and Tony
Barrett. GCRI does research and policy work across various risks, including artificial intelligence, nuclear war, climate change, and asteroid impacts. The
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Some researchers argue that both research and other initiatives relating to existential risk are underfunded. Nick
Bostrom states that more research has been done on
872:: Preventing the scaling of a catastrophe to the global level. Example: Measures to prevent escalation of a small-scale nuclear exchange into an all-out nuclear war.
589:
Anthropogenic risks are those caused by humans and include those related to technology, governance, and climate change. Technological risks include the creation of
878:: Increasing humanity's resilience (against extinction) when faced with global catastrophes. Example: Measures to increase food security during a nuclear winter.
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has a division called the Global
Security Principal Directorate which researches on behalf of the government issues such as bio-security and counter-terrorism.
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923:
argues that a refuge permanently housing as few as 100 people would significantly improve the chances of human survival during a range of global catastrophes.
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may have resulted in the deaths of a third of Europe's population, 10% of the global population at the time. Some were global, but were not as severe—e.g. the
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Arrangement of global catastrophic risks into three sets according to whether they are largely human-caused, human influences upon nature, or purely natural
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3190:"The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research"
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experiences is supportive, this can lead to growth in resilience, psychological flexibility, tolerance of emotional experiences, and community engagement.
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has been proposed globally, but the monetary cost would be high. Furthermore, it would likely contribute to the current millions of deaths per year due to
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Existential risks are defined as "risks that threaten the destruction of humanity's long-term potential." The instantiation of an existential risk (an
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Winston's creator, George Orwell, believed that freedom would eventually defeat the truth-twisting totalitarianism portrayed in
Nineteen Eighty-Four.
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Our Final Hour: A Scientist's warning: How Terror, Error, and Environmental Disaster Threaten Humankind's Future in This Century—On Earth and Beyond
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866:: Reducing the probability of a catastrophe occurring in the first place. Example: Measures to prevent outbreaks of new highly infectious diseases.
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to prevent the deaths of 200,000 or 2,000 birds. Similarly, people are often more concerned about threats to individuals than to larger groups.
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argues that the absence of human extinction in the past is weak evidence that there will be no human extinction in the future, due to
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While extinction is the most obvious way in which humanity's long-term potential could be destroyed, there are others, including
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Humanity has suffered large catastrophes before. Some of these have caused serious damage but were only local in scope—e.g. the
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Avin, Shahar; Wintle, Bonnie C.; Weitzdörfer, Julius; ó Héigeartaigh, Seán S.; Sutherland, William J.; Rees, Martin J. (2018).
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has called existential risk a "useless category" that can distract from real threats such as climate change and nuclear war.
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The Machine Intelligence Research Institute aims to reduce the risk of a catastrophe, should such an event eventually occur.
2922:"Long term cost-effectiveness of resilient foods for global catastrophes compared to artificial general intelligence safety"
1143:(est. 2005) which researched the questions of humanity's long-term future, particularly existential risk. It was founded by
1022:
advocated colonizing other planets within the Solar System once technology progresses sufficiently, in order to improve the
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All past predictions of human extinction have proven to be false. To some, this makes future warnings seem less credible.
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is a proposed alternative to improve the odds of surviving an extinction scenario. Solutions of this scope may require
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Europe survived losing 25 to 50 percent of its population in the Black Death, while keeping civilization firmly intact
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1091:(est. 2000), which aims to reduce the risk of a catastrophe caused by artificial intelligence, with donors including
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There are economic reasons that can explain why so little effort is going into existential risk reduction. It is a
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writes that humanity must become a multiplanetary species in order to avoid extinction. Musk is using his company
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3038:"Feeding everyone: Solving the food crisis in event of global catastrophes that kill crops or obscure the sun"
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is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, even endangering or destroying
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4363:. Ten scientists name the biggest dangers to Earth and assess the chances they will happen. April 14, 2005.
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3292:"Elon Musk thinks life on earth will go extinct, and is putting most of his fortune toward colonizing Mars"
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Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF (November 13, 2017).
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than on existential risks. Bostrom's comparisons have been criticized as "high-handed". As of 2020, the
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grounds because they could directly or indirectly jeopardize the survival of the human race as a whole.
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2605:"Defence in Depth Against Human Extinction: Prevention, Response, Resilience, and Why They All Matter"
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933:. In 2022, a team led by David Denkenberger modeled the cost-effectiveness of resilient foods to
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2665:"Could science destroy the world? These scholars want to save us from a modern-day Frankenstein"
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is a useful framework for categorizing risk mitigation measures into three layers of defense:
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and found "~98-99% confidence" for a higher marginal impact of work on resilient foods. Some
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Other risk assessment groups are based in or are part of governmental organizations. The
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Scope–severity grid from Bostrom's paper "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority"
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or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential is known as an "
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1471:"The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary"
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Denkenberger, David C.; Sandberg, Anders; Tieman, Ross John; Pearce, Joshua M. (2022).
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writes that "perhaps an eternity of totalitarianism would be worse than extinction". (
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2113:"Did George Orwell secretly rewrite the end of Nineteen Eighty-Four as he lay dying?"
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that have occurred throughout human history. For instance, civilizations such as the
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preventing recovery and thereby affecting both current and all future generations.
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can influence people's judgment of the importance of existential risks, including
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19:"Existential threat" and "Doomsday scenario" redirect here. For other uses, see
8272:
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1997:"Astronomical Waste: The opportunity cost of delayed technological development"
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Environment and Development Economics: Essays in Honour of Sir Partha Dasgupta
2873:
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extinction events may occur, presenting an additional methodological problem.
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1600:"Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards"
1329:
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822:
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271:
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2620:
2378:"Anthropic Shadow: Observation Selection Effects and Human Extinction Risks"
2306:
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835:
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626:
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236:
47:
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1172:
focusing on political cooperation to reduce global catastrophic risk. The
8133:
8128:
8093:
7956:
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7553:
7163:
7118:
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427:
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2984:"The doomsday vault: the seeds that could save a post-apocalyptic world"
2284:
2248:
2231:
8292:
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8083:
7609:
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3897:
1984:, Future of Humanity Institute – Technical Report #2015-1, pp. 1–4
1580:
691:
654:
1257:
952:
is buried 400 feet (120 m) inside a mountain on an island in the
410:
8561:
8507:
7961:
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7343:
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6759:
6749:
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3194:
Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers
2896:
2276:
1426:
1152:
1120:
1104:
1030:
960:
895:
387:
3841:"Georgetown launches think tank on security and emerging technology"
3669:
3426:"Reducing Long-Term Catastrophic Risks from Artificial Intelligence"
3425:
3374:
3349:
8354:
7624:
7441:
7045:
6739:
6325:
6194:
6073:
5819:
5804:
5335:
5320:
5222:
5060:
4508:
4279:
3997:
3079:"Global Challenges Foundation | Understanding Global Systemic Risk"
2716:
2462:
1658:
1156:
are not malicious, but machines whose interests don't include us."
1078:
1037:
to develop technology he hopes will be used in the colonization of
543:
156:
6880:
2961:"Doomsday vault for world's seeds is opened under Arctic mountain"
2094:, eds. Bostrom & Cirkovic (Oxford University Press): 504–519.
1299:
1215:
967:
8327:
7642:
6992:
6493:
5799:
5648:
5485:
5475:
5283:
5095:
4807:
4802:
4238:
The Doomsday Book: The Science Behind Humanity's Greatest Threats
2498:"Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risks"
1133:
3537:"The Lifeboat Foundation: Battling Asteroids, Nanobots and A.I."
2919:
2265:"Nuclear War and Climatic Catastrophe: Some Policy Implications"
1196:(USAID) has its Emerging Pandemic Threats Program which aims to
959:
More speculatively, if society continues to function and if the
7991:
7153:
6673:
5809:
5735:
2553:
Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks
2307:"Existential Risks: Exploring a Robust Risk Reduction Strategy"
1200:
and contain naturally generated pandemics at their source. The
1034:
953:
658:
42:
3875:
3616:
1688:
1087:
Independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs) include the
5480:
5239:
4390:
3938:
3481:"Isis could obtain nuclear weapon from Pakistan, warns India"
3399:"Apocalypse soon: the scientists preparing for the end times"
3116:
1115:, releases a yearly report on the state of global risks. The
964:
sugar, or feeding natural gas to methane-digesting bacteria.
839:
4283:
4106:. Vol. LXVIII, no. 3. pp. 26–29. p. 28:
3814:
3755:
3036:
Denkenberger, David C.; Pearce, Joshua M. (September 2015).
3011:"Here's how the world could end—and what we can do about it"
2603:
Cotton-Barratt, Owen; Daniel, Max; Sandberg, Anders (2020).
2602:
5824:
4385:
4284:
The Precipice - Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
3972:
3562:
1783:
1628:
1038:
911:
organization had an annual budget of US$ 1.4 million.
813:
maybe the human species doesn't really deserve to survive".
4367:
Humanity under threat from perfect storm of crises – study
4117:
Technofix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment
3238:"Stephen Hawking: Humanity Must Colonize Space to Survive"
2721:
The precipice: Existential risk and the future of humanity
2691:"Oxford Institute Forecasts The Possible Doom Of Humanity"
2467:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
2149:
2061:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
1944:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
1468:
1433:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
1026:
from planet-wide events such as global thermonuclear war.
649:. Other global catastrophic risks include climate change,
605:
creates risks in the social and political domain, such as
4328:
2440:
567:
3212:"Mankind must abandon earth or face extinction: Hawking"
1554:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice"
1551:
808:
plays a role in public perception of existential risks:
8532:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
4124:, Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada, 464 pages
2364:
3903:
Historical Dictionary of the World Health Organization
3756:"Millennium Alliance for Humanity & The Biosphere"
3510:
3350:"Nanotech takes small step towards burying 'grey goo'"
2892:
The Earth's Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics, and Change
6553:
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
6301:
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
4643:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
4114:
Huesemann, Michael H., and Joyce A. Huesemann (2011)
3786:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 43.
1718:
712:. Unlike with most events, the failure of a complete
418:
6120:
All-Party Parliamentary Group for Future Generations
4569:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
4163:
High Noon 20 Global Problems, 20 Years to Solve Them
3760:
Millennium Alliance for Humanity & The Biosphere
3311:"Nanotechnology: Molecular Machines that Mimic Life"
2566:"We're Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction"
1211:
6624:
Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence
3817:. Center for International Security and Cooperation
3815:"Center for International Security and Cooperation"
3779:
2533:
1968:
1959:This is an equivalent, though crisper statement of
741:despite losing 25 to 50 percent of its population.
558:destroying electronic equipment, natural long-term
3035:
2981:
2874:Catastrophe, social collapse, and human extinction
1978:Existential risk and existential hope: Definitions
1865:
1194:United States Agency for International Development
1162:Millennium Alliance for Humanity and the Biosphere
4141:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
3696:"Cambridge to study technology's risks to humans"
2491:
2489:
1974:
1170:Center for International Security and Cooperation
1168:, among others. Stanford University also has the
8667:
6664:Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence
5697:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
4299:End Times: A Brief Guide to the End of the World
3478:
2926:International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
2555:". Global catastrophic risks 1 (2008): 86. p.114
1758:"Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority"
405:
3204:
1842:"How big a deal was the Industrial Revolution?"
1789:
1111:(est. 2012), based in Stockholm and founded by
968:Global catastrophic risks and global governance
702:
8556:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
6659:Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
6140:Centre for Enabling EA Learning & Research
5595:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
4324:"Are we on the road to civilisation collapse?"
3643:"Ava of 'Ex Machina' Is Just Sci-Fi (for Now)"
3266:"Hawking: Humans at risk of lethal 'own goal'"
2486:
2436:"Are we on the road to civilization collapse?"
2148:. London: Secker & Warburg. Archived from
1794:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1.
744:
7658:
6896:
6843:Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
6823:Open letter on artificial intelligence (2015)
6479:
6429:Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
5918:
4600:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
4441:
4427:
4403:Stephen Petranek: 10 ways the world could end
3720:
3396:
2662:
2173:"Assessing natural global catastrophic risks"
1868:"1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics"
1866:Taubenberger, Jeffery; Morens, David (2006).
459:
359:
6003:Psychological barriers to effective altruism
3580:
3308:
3187:
3162:
3137:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
1139:University-based organizations included the
935:artificial general intelligence (AGI) safety
684:
520:
7436:Hazard analysis and critical control points
4648:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
4120:, Chapter 6, "Sustainability or Collapse",
3640:
3597:. Boston, Massachusetts: Emerson Collective
3452:
2958:
2876:". Global catastrophic risks 1 (2008): 357.
2232:"Nuclear War as a Global Catastrophic Risk"
1839:
1174:Center for Security and Emerging Technology
8627:
7665:
7651:
6903:
6889:
6486:
6472:
5973:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
5925:
5911:
4751:Climate change and civilizational collapse
4434:
4420:
4029:"Twenty ways the world could end suddenly"
3896:
2745:
2743:
2528:Contingent Valuation:A Critical Assessment
2256:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1469:Schulte, P.; et al. (March 5, 2010).
1401:The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History
980:
366:
352:
8567:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
4336:
4015:
3935:"USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program"
3373:
2636:
2495:
2247:
2206:
2196:
2037:
2012:
1891:
1579:
1569:
1044:
8595:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
7409:Structured or semi-structured interviews
6629:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
6150:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
5754:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
5692:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
3906:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 92.
3838:
3727:. Oxford University Press. p. 112.
3609:
3289:
2715:
2530:, pp. 91–159 (Amsterdam: North Holland).
1975:Cotton-Barratt, Owen; Ord, Toby (2015),
1934:
1664:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
1462:
1149:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
1147:and was based at Oxford University. The
737:without suffering anything resembling a
580:
409:
41:
33:For broader coverage of this topic, see
6669:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
6230:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
4274:Surviving 1,000 Centuries Can We Do It?
4000:"Classifying global catastrophic risks"
3834:
3832:
3430:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
3263:
2752:"Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction"
2749:
2740:
2663:Kupferschmidt, Kai (January 11, 2018).
2539:
2229:
1994:
1814:
1790:Bostrom, Nick; Cirkovic, Milan (2008).
1755:
1738:
1594:
1528:
1089:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
483:
16:Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
8668:
8165:Corporate environmental responsibility
5932:
3969:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
3617:"Global Challenges Foundation website"
3589:"Human Extinction Isn't That Unlikely"
3531:
3455:"Is Artificial Intelligence a Threat?"
2841:
2816:
2304:
2141:
2110:
1914:
1202:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
851:
846:
7646:
6884:
6467:
5906:
4415:
4296:
3586:
3347:
3235:
2847:
2822:
2658:
2656:
2598:
2596:
2360:
2358:
2262:
2082:
2080:
1988:
1541:. Oxford University Press. p. 1.
1449:World Scientists' Warning to Humanity
997:
52:extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs
8538:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
4771:Tipping points in the climate system
4098:"The Power of Catastrophic Thinking"
4092:
3839:Anderson, Nick (February 28, 2019).
3829:
3662:
3563:"Global Catastrophic Risk Institute"
3397:Sophie McBain (September 25, 2014).
2885:
2433:
2170:
2104:
1931:Introduction, "What is Catastrophe?"
1840:Muehlhauser, Luke (March 15, 2017).
1713:
1711:
1683:
1681:
1653:
1651:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1588:
1545:
914:
6910:
6145:Center for High Impact Philanthropy
4766:Extinction risk from climate change
4665:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3693:
3264:Shukman, David (January 19, 2016).
2982:Suzanne Goldenberg (May 20, 2015).
2461:
2058:
1940:
1919:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1605:Journal of Evolution and Technology
761:
13:
8180:Environmental full-cost accounting
7672:
7539:Bayesian statistics and Bayes nets
6811:Statement on AI risk of extinction
5726:List of fictional doomsday devices
3991:
3698:. Associated Press. Archived from
3587:Meyer, Robinson (April 29, 2016).
3453:Angela Chen (September 11, 2014).
2653:
2593:
2355:
2077:
945:with multiple-year food supplies.
591:artificial intelligence misaligned
419:Defining global catastrophic risks
14:
8707:
8114:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
7468:Failure mode and effects analysis
6548:Ethics of artificial intelligence
4746:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
4316:
4216:The Collapse of Complex Societies
3866:"Global Alert and Response (GAR)"
3694:Hui, Sylvia (November 25, 2012).
3479:Alexander Sehmar (May 31, 2015).
3459:The Chronicle of Higher Education
3109:"Global Catastrophic Risk Policy"
2959:Lewis Smith (February 27, 2008).
1708:
1678:
1648:
1616:
1315:Artificial intelligence arms race
1063:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
8626:
8615:
8614:
8584:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
7571:Multi-criteria decision analysis
7519:Reliability centered maintenance
6867:
6866:
6558:Friendly artificial intelligence
5983:Equal consideration of interests
5862:
5861:
5849:
5007:Decline in amphibian populations
3290:Ginsberg, Leah (June 16, 2017).
2779:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00960.x
2750:Matheny, Jason Gaverick (2007).
2405:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01460.x
2271:. Council on Foreign Relations.
2236:Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis
1819:. Faber and Faber. p. 397.
1298:
1284:
1270:
1256:
1242:
1228:
1214:
1056:
68:
28:Global Catastrophic Risks (book)
8170:Corporate social responsibility
8099:Ocean thermal energy conversion
8038:Community-supported agriculture
7723:Human impact on the environment
6387:Famine, Affluence, and Morality
6155:Development Media International
5358:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
4855:Land surface effects on climate
4828:Human impact on the environment
4459:Future of an expanding universe
4391:Global Catastrophic Risk Policy
3957:
3927:
3890:
3858:
3807:
3773:
3748:
3714:
3687:
3634:
3555:
3525:
3511:"About the Lifeboat Foundation"
3503:
3472:
3446:
3418:
3390:
3341:
3302:
3283:
3257:
3236:Malik, Tariq (April 13, 2013).
3229:
3181:
3156:
3131:
3101:
3071:
3029:
3003:
2975:
2952:
2913:
2879:
2866:
2709:
2683:
2580:
2558:
2545:
2519:
2455:
2427:
2298:
2223:
2164:
2135:
2111:Glover, Dennis (June 1, 2017).
1908:
1859:
1833:
1808:
576:billions of years in the future
46:Artist's impression of a major
8410:Socially responsible marketing
7487:Cause and consequence analysis
7361:Occupational safety and health
7269:Identity and access management
6619:Center for Applied Rationality
6351:Risk of astronomical suffering
3309:Fred Hapgood (November 1986).
3188:Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021).
3168:"The Planetary Emergency Plan"
2314:Science and Engineering Ethics
1917:Catastrophe: Risk and Response
1689:"The Future of Life Institute"
1522:
1136:) from emerging technologies.
623:genetically modified organisms
445:Catastrophe: Risk and Response
1:
8601:Sustainable Development Goals
8405:Socially responsible business
6135:Centre for Effective Altruism
5963:Disability-adjusted life year
5304:Interpretations of Revelation
5106:Cosmological phase transition
5012:Decline in insect populations
4464:Ultimate fate of the universe
4377:Annual Reports on Global Risk
4017:10.1016/j.futures.2018.02.001
3057:10.1016/j.futures.2014.11.008
2568:. The Atlantic. March 6, 2012
2145:Nineteen Eighty-Four. A novel
1779:– via Existential Risk.
1455:
909:Biological Weapons Convention
710:observation selection effects
406:Definition and classification
7447:Structured What If Technique
7430:Hazard and operability study
7286:Business continuity planning
6639:Future of Humanity Institute
6250:Raising for Effective Giving
6175:Future of Humanity Institute
5759:Future of Humanity Institute
5156:Potentially hazardous object
5056:Interplanetary contamination
4381:Global Challenges Foundation
4103:The New York Review of Books
3780:Guruprasad Madhavan (2012).
3641:Nick Bilton (May 28, 2015).
3143:"The Climate Emergency Plan"
2850:Prospects for Human Survival
2434:Kemp, Luke (February 2019).
1872:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1634:Future of Humanity Institute
1141:Future of Humanity Institute
1109:Global Challenges Foundation
703:Lack of historical precedent
645:using weapons such as large
527:Global catastrophe scenarios
390:. An event that could cause
7:
8430:Sustainability organization
8215:Standards and certification
7806:Social return on investment
7424:Preliminary hazard analysis
7243:Operational risk management
6856:Artificial Intelligence Act
6850:Do You Trust This Computer?
6401:Living High and Letting Die
6346:Neglected tropical diseases
5639:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
4788:Global terrestrial stilling
2946:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102798
2588:The New York Times Magazine
2496:Yudkowsky, Eliezer (2008).
2263:Sagan, Carl (Winter 1983).
1915:Posner, Richard A. (2006).
1719:"Nuclear Threat Initiative"
1207:
1160:was an acting adviser. The
745:Incentives and coordination
325:Science fiction prototyping
257:Reference class forecasting
10:
8712:
7855:Systemic change resistance
7508:Human reliability analysis
7192:Enterprise risk management
6115:Against Malaria Foundation
6008:Quality-adjusted life year
5151:Asteroid impact prediction
5126:Heat death of the universe
4536:Mutual assured destruction
4342:"The Case for Longtermism"
4220:Cambridge University Press
3672:. Center on Long-Term Risk
2198:10.1007/s11069-022-05660-w
1439:Timeline of the far future
1345:Future of the Solar System
1001:
950:Svalbard Global Seed Vault
888:
524:
460:Defining existential risks
32:
25:
18:
8610:
8521:
8458:
8230:
8157:
8066:
8033:Climate-smart agriculture
8018:
7990:
7947:
7901:
7868:
7741:
7698:
7680:
7580:
7497:Layer protection analysis
7492:Cause-and-effect analysis
7374:
7299:Financial risk management
7181:
7146:
7036:Vulnerability (computing)
6925:
6918:
6864:
6803:
6682:
6609:Alignment Research Center
6601:
6593:Technological singularity
6543:Effective accelerationism
6505:
6453:Effective Altruism Global
6445:
6380:The End of Animal Farming
6364:
6273:
6240:Nuclear Threat Initiative
6125:Animal Charity Evaluators
6102:
6026:
5940:
5843:
5777:
5769:Nuclear Threat Initiative
5746:
5702:List of apocalyptic films
5679:
5545:2011 end times prediction
5537:
5277:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
5272:Abomination of desolation
5208:
5146:Asteroid impact avoidance
5083:
4994:
4976:List of extinction events
4951:
4944:
4910:
4818:Environmental degradation
4714:
4705:
4620:
4605:Technological singularity
4474:
4449:
4443:Global catastrophic risks
4268:Roger-Maurice Bonnet and
3871:World Health Organization
3783:Practicing Sustainability
3513:. The Lifeboat Foundation
2505:Global Catastrophic Risks
2326:10.1007/s11948-014-9559-3
2118:The Sydney Morning Herald
2092:Global Catastrophic Risks
2023:10.1017/s0953820800004076
1792:Global Catastrophic Risks
1724:Nuclear Threat Initiative
1535:Global Catastrophic Risks
1190:World Health Organization
1101:Nuclear Threat Initiative
1069:established in 1947. The
685:Methodological challenges
651:environmental degradation
601:. Insufficient or malign
521:Potential sources of risk
50:. An asteroid caused the
21:Doomsday (disambiguation)
8686:Post-apocalyptic fiction
8175:Environmental accounting
7924:Sustainable architecture
7914:Environmental technology
7458:Business impact analysis
7274:Vulnerability management
7220:Personal risk management
7019:Global catastrophic risk
6644:Future of Life Institute
6563:Instrumental convergence
6408:The Most Good You Can Do
6321:Intensive animal farming
6306:Global catastrophic risk
6180:Future of Life Institute
5764:Future of Life Institute
5666:Resurrection of the dead
5659:Post-tribulation rapture
5041:Colony collapse disorder
4396:August 11, 2019, at the
4386:Center on Long-Term Risk
2967:. London. Archived from
2848:Wells, Willard. (2017).
2823:Wells, Willard. (2009).
1815:Ziegler, Philip (2012).
1694:Future of Life Institute
1117:Future of Life Institute
1024:chance of human survival
726:civilizational collapses
574:and engulfing the Earth
380:global catastrophic risk
97:Global catastrophic risk
26:Not to be confused with
8048:Sustainable agriculture
7339:Precautionary principle
7291:Disaster risk reduction
6499:artificial intelligence
6210:The Good Food Institute
5958:Demandingness objection
4590:Artificial intelligence
2852:. Lifeboat Foundation.
2621:10.1111/1758-5899.12786
2230:Scouras, James (2019).
2142:Orwell, George (1949).
2088:The totalitarian threat
1777:10.1111/1758-5899.12002
1500:10.1126/science.1177265
1444:Triple planetary crisis
1385:Outside Context Problem
981:Climate emergency plans
679:sustainable agriculture
665:resource distribution,
635:critical infrastructure
466:existential catastrophe
432:1918 influenza pandemic
310:Exploratory engineering
200:Causal layered analysis
8691:Science fiction themes
8591:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
8460:Sustainable management
8445:Urban drainage systems
8185:Environmental planning
8149:Water recycling shower
8139:Tidal stream generator
7934:Sustainable industries
7893:Sustainable population
7878:Demographic transition
7860:Tragedy of the commons
7534:Monte Carlo simulation
7524:Sneak circuit analysis
6919:Risk type & source
6568:Intelligence explosion
6436:What We Owe the Future
6265:Wild Animal Initiative
5998:Moral circle expansion
5719:List of disaster films
5560:Apocalyptic literature
4660:Malthusian catastrophe
4586:Synthetic intelligence
4286:Bloomsbury Publishing
4276:Springer-Praxis Books.
4158:Jean-Francois Rischard
4122:New Society Publishers
3721:Scott Barrett (2014).
2586:Is Humanity Suicidal?
2305:Jebari, Karim (2014).
2171:Baum, Seth D. (2023).
2086:Bryan Caplan (2008). "
2063:. New York: Hachette.
1995:Bostrom, Nick (2009).
1947:. New York: Hachette.
1884:10.3201/eid1201.050979
1756:Bostrom, Nick (2013).
1335:Foresight (psychology)
1045:Skeptics and opponents
815:
780:availability heuristic
776:hyperbolic discounting
586:
548:lethal gamma-ray burst
415:
137:Historical materialism
55:
8483:Humanistic capitalism
8298:Environmental finance
7939:Sustainable packaging
7559:Cost/benefit analysis
7203:Regulatory compliance
6523:AI capability control
6394:The Life You Can Save
6356:Wild animal suffering
5101:Coronal mass ejection
4563:Electromagnetic pulse
4524:Kinetic energy weapon
4297:Walsh, Bryan (2019).
4096:(February 25, 2021).
2551:Yudkowsky, Eliezer. "
1571:10.1093/biosci/bix125
1412:Speculative evolution
1380:Nuclear proliferation
1375:List of global issues
1013:megascale engineering
810:
792:overconfidence effect
739:civilization collapse
655:extinction of species
584:
564:extraterrestrial life
556:coronal mass ejection
413:
215:Cross impact analysis
45:
8450:Urban infrastructure
8144:Water heat recycling
7967:Conservation biology
7811:Steady-state economy
7786:Micro-sustainability
7771:Ecological footprint
7728:Planetary boundaries
7322:Strategic management
7198:Corporate governance
6976:Anthropogenic hazard
6614:Center for AI Safety
6018:Venture philanthropy
5503:War of Gog and Magog
5180:Near-Earth supernova
4930:Human overpopulation
4734:Mass mortality event
4628:Anthropogenic hazard
4332:. February 19, 2019.
4199:The End of the World
4063:The Limits to Growth
3975:on December 27, 2007
3878:on February 16, 2003
3621:globalchallenges.org
3083:globalchallenges.org
3017:. AAAS. July 8, 2016
1390:Planetary boundaries
1320:Community resilience
667:human overpopulation
643:radiological warfare
570:transforming into a
513:Nineteen Eighty-Four
484:Non-extinction risks
8681:Apocalyptic fiction
8551:Earth Summit (1992)
8205:Metrics and indices
8058:Sustainable fishery
7977:Holocene extinction
7796:Product stewardship
7766:Earth Overshoot Day
7482:Event tree analysis
7477:Fault tree analysis
7463:Root cause analysis
7442:Toxicity assessment
7384:Exposure assessment
7354:Disaster management
7281:Incident management
7264:Security management
6957:Psychosocial hazard
6940:Reputational damage
6829:Our Final Invention
6255:Sentience Institute
5575:Blood moon prophecy
5368:Number of the Beast
4966:Holocene extinction
4912:Earth Overshoot Day
4860:Ocean acidification
4823:Habitat destruction
4813:Ecological collapse
4519:Kinetic bombardment
4454:Future of the Earth
4373:. February 6, 2020.
3945:on October 22, 2014
3702:on December 1, 2012
3366:2004Natur.429..591G
3348:Giles, Jim (2004).
2938:2022IJDRR..7302798D
2771:2007RiskA..27.1335M
2513:2008gcr..book...86Y
2397:2010RiskA..30.1495C
2249:10.1017/bca.2019.16
2189:2023NatHa.115.2699B
1492:2010Sci...327.1214S
1486:(5970): 1214–1218.
1365:Holocene extinction
1355:Global Risks Report
1350:Climate engineering
1113:Laszlo Szombatfalvy
1071:Foresight Institute
852:Multi-layer defense
847:Proposed mitigation
784:conjunction fallacy
772:scope insensitivity
388:modern civilization
340:Technology scouting
87:Accelerating change
8010:Sustainable energy
7972:Endangered species
7929:Sustainable design
7843:Consumer behaviour
7564:Risk–benefit ratio
7366:Swiss cheese model
7327:Risk communication
7235:Disease management
7109:Exchange rate risk
7104:Interest rate risk
6336:Malaria prevention
6296:Economic stability
6281:Biotechnology risk
6235:Malaria Consortium
6200:Giving What We Can
6170:Fistula Foundation
5953:Charity assessment
5934:Effective altruism
5890:Doomsday scenarios
5456:Beast of the Earth
5348:Book of Revelation
5136:Virtual black hole
5116:False vacuum decay
5066:Pollinator decline
5029:Biological warfare
5019:Biotechnology risk
4870:Resource depletion
4355:"What a way to go"
4347:The New York Times
4340:(August 5, 2022).
4338:MacAskill, William
4301:. Hachette Books.
4081:The Future of Life
3119:on August 11, 2019
3089:on August 16, 2017
2804:on August 27, 2014
2723:. Hachette Books.
2469:. Hachette Books.
2366:Cirkovic, Milan M.
2059:Ord, Toby (2020).
1941:Ord, Toby (2020).
1846:lukemuelhauser.com
1250:Outer space portal
1236:Spaceflight portal
1009:Space colonization
1004:Space and survival
998:Space colonization
751:global public good
615:biological warfare
593:with human goals,
587:
416:
330:Speculative design
210:Consensus forecast
205:Chain-linked model
167:Resource depletion
56:
8663:
8662:
8589:Earth Summit 2002
8572:Lisbon Principles
8544:Our Common Future
8222:Sustainable yield
8028:Civic agriculture
7781:Green consumption
7718:Global governance
7640:
7639:
7453:Scenario analysis
7394:Scenario planning
7349:Crisis management
7230:Stress management
7177:
7176:
7070:Reputational risk
6878:
6877:
6795:Eliezer Yudkowsky
6770:Stuart J. Russell
6588:Superintelligence
6461:
6460:
6373:Doing Good Better
6245:Open Philanthropy
6225:Mercy for Animals
6220:The Humane League
6094:Eliezer Yudkowsky
6059:William MacAskill
6034:Sam Bankman-Fried
5948:Aid effectiveness
5900:
5899:
5731:Zombie apocalypse
5632:Postmillennialism
5427:Great Tribulation
5200:Stellar collision
5161:Near-Earth object
5111:Geomagnetic storm
5079:
5078:
5002:Biodiversity loss
4986:Genetic pollution
4940:
4939:
4729:Biodiversity loss
4692:Societal collapse
4670:Nuclear holocaust
4655:Economic collapse
4638:Doomsday argument
4556:Antimatter weapon
4181:Radical Evolution
4033:Discover Magazine
3965:"Global Security"
3535:(July 20, 2010).
2906:978-0-262-69298-4
2391:(10): 1495–1506.
1801:978-0-19-857050-9
1564:(12): 1026–1028.
1407:Societal collapse
1306:technology portal
1292:Philosophy portal
1183:Open Philanthropy
974:global governance
943:survival retreats
915:Survival planning
827:anthropic effects
802:Eliezer Yudkowsky
755:intergenerational
611:nuclear holocaust
603:global governance
552:geomagnetic storm
437:existential risks
384:doomsday scenario
376:
375:
262:Scenario planning
125:Space exploration
8703:
8676:Existential risk
8630:
8629:
8618:
8617:
8562:Agenda 21 (1992)
8533:
8498:Natural resource
8385:Organic movement
8360:Impact investing
8079:Hydroelectricity
8053:Sustainable diet
8005:Renewable energy
8000:Carbon footprint
7982:Invasive species
7919:Natural building
7870:World population
7831:Marketing myopia
7791:Over-consumption
7761:Circular economy
7756:Anti-consumerism
7713:Environmentalism
7667:
7660:
7653:
7644:
7643:
7632:Opportunity cost
7581:Related concepts
7514:Bow tie analysis
7399:Contingency plan
7225:Health insurance
7213:Internal control
7054:Operational risk
6969:Natural disaster
6923:
6922:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6882:
6881:
6870:
6869:
6817:Human Compatible
6790:Roman Yampolskiy
6538:Consequentialism
6495:Existential risk
6488:
6481:
6474:
6465:
6464:
6415:Practical Ethics
6064:Dustin Moskovitz
6054:Holden Karnofsky
5993:Marginal utility
5927:
5920:
5913:
5904:
5903:
5865:
5864:
5856:World portal
5854:
5853:
5815:Financial crisis
5644:Nibiru cataclysm
5622:Premillennialism
5466:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
5434:Son of perdition
5422:Olivet Discourse
5398:Whore of Babylon
5024:Biological agent
4971:Human extinction
4961:Extinction event
4949:
4948:
4920:Overexploitation
4850:Land consumption
4845:Land degradation
4712:
4711:
4574:Micro black hole
4482:Chemical warfare
4436:
4429:
4422:
4413:
4412:
4351:
4333:
4312:
4270:Lodewijk Woltjer
4222:, Cambridge, UK
4138:(2005 and 2011)
4111:
4077:Edward O. Wilson
4021:
4019:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3971:. Archived from
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3941:. Archived from
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3874:. Archived from
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3567:gcrinstitute.org
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3487:. Archived from
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3329:on July 27, 2013
3328:
3322:. Archived from
3315:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3218:, August 9, 2010
3208:
3202:
3201:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3115:. Archived from
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3085:. Archived from
3075:
3069:
3068:
3042:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2971:on May 12, 2008.
2965:The Times Online
2956:
2950:
2949:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2883:
2877:
2872:Hanson, Robin. "
2870:
2864:
2863:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2825:Apocalypse when?
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2797:. Archived from
2765:(5): 1335–1344.
2756:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2600:
2591:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2382:
2374:Sandberg, Anders
2362:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2277:10.2307/20041818
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2183:(3): 2699–2719.
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2108:
2102:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2056:
2035:
2034:
2016:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1762:
1753:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1625:
1614:
1613:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1573:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1475:
1466:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1181:as suggested by
1077:who postulated "
857:Defense in depth
788:affect heuristic
768:cognitive biases
762:Cognitive biases
714:extinction event
690:experimentally.
396:existential risk
392:human extinction
368:
361:
354:
267:Systems analysis
252:Horizon scanning
225:Real-time Delphi
162:Population cycle
92:Cashless society
72:
58:
57:
35:Human extinction
8711:
8710:
8706:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8701:
8700:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8606:
8531:
8523:
8522:Agreements and
8517:
8454:
8258:Climate finance
8226:
8153:
8109:Reclaimed water
8062:
8014:
7986:
7943:
7897:
7883:Family planning
7864:
7737:
7694:
7676:
7671:
7641:
7636:
7620:Problem solving
7576:
7529:Markov analysis
7389:Hazard analysis
7376:Risk assessment
7370:
7305:Diversification
7183:Countermeasures
7173:
7142:
6988:Technology risk
6914:
6912:Risk management
6909:
6879:
6874:
6860:
6799:
6755:Steve Omohundro
6735:Geoffrey Hinton
6725:Stephen Hawking
6710:Paul Christiano
6690:Scott Alexander
6678:
6649:Google DeepMind
6597:
6583:Suffering risks
6501:
6492:
6462:
6457:
6441:
6360:
6326:Land use reform
6269:
6185:Founders Pledge
6160:Evidence Action
6098:
6022:
5978:Earning to give
5936:
5931:
5901:
5896:
5875:Future problems
5848:
5839:
5773:
5742:
5709:Climate fiction
5675:
5550:2012 phenomenon
5533:
5439:Sheep and Goats
5326:2 Thessalonians
5204:
5121:Gamma-ray burst
5075:
4990:
4981:Genetic erosion
4936:
4906:
4897:Water pollution
4865:Ozone depletion
4761:Desertification
4701:
4616:
4551:Doomsday device
4531:Nuclear warfare
4470:
4445:
4440:
4398:Wayback Machine
4322:
4319:
4309:
4058:Donella Meadows
4025:Corey S. Powell
3994:
3992:Further reading
3989:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3946:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3879:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3845:Washington Post
3837:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3692:
3688:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3491:on June 2, 2015
3485:The Independent
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3451:
3447:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3395:
3391:
3375:10.1038/429591b
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3234:
3230:
3221:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2980:
2976:
2957:
2953:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2731:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2695:Popular Science
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2661:
2654:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2520:
2500:
2494:
2487:
2477:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2432:
2428:
2380:
2363:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2269:Foreign Affairs
2261:
2257:
2228:
2224:
2177:Natural Hazards
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2140:
2136:
2123:
2121:
2109:
2105:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2057:
2038:
2014:10.1.1.429.2849
1993:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1913:
1909:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1817:The Black Death
1813:
1809:
1802:
1788:
1784:
1760:
1754:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1627:
1626:
1617:
1593:
1589:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1527:
1523:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1417:Suffering risks
1340:Future of Earth
1304:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1158:Stephen Hawking
1125:Vitalik Buterin
1075:K. Eric Drexler
1059:
1047:
1020:Stephen Hawking
1018:Astrophysicist
1006:
1000:
983:
970:
917:
891:
854:
849:
804:theorizes that
764:
747:
705:
687:
671:underpopulation
661:as a result of
639:electrical grid
529:
523:
486:
462:
421:
408:
372:
300:Critical design
247:Future workshop
147:Kardashev scale
142:Kondratiev wave
62:Futures studies
48:asteroid impact
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8709:
8699:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8661:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8650:
8643:
8636:
8624:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8605:
8604:
8598:
8597:(Rio+20, 2012)
8592:
8586:
8581:
8575:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8553:
8548:
8540:
8535:
8527:
8525:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8464:
8462:
8456:
8455:
8453:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8343:Infrastructure
8340:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8273:Eco-capitalism
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8190:Sustainability
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8161:
8159:
8158:Accountability
8155:
8154:
8152:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8070:
8068:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8024:
8022:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7953:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7905:
7903:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7874:
7872:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7816:Sustainability
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7751:Anthropization
7747:
7745:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7674:Sustainability
7670:
7669:
7662:
7655:
7647:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7596:
7595:
7584:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7505:
7500:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7444:
7439:
7433:
7427:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7380:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7332:Warning system
7324:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7295:
7294:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7239:
7238:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7187:
7185:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7135:
7132:Strategic risk
7128:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7099:Liquidity risk
7096:
7088:Financial risk
7084:
7083:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7060:Execution risk
7050:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7028:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7016:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6981:Political risk
6973:
6972:
6971:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6934:Business risks
6929:
6927:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6908:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6885:
6876:
6875:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6846:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6820:
6813:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6578:Machine ethics
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6491:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6468:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6341:Mass deworming
6338:
6333:
6331:Life extension
6328:
6323:
6318:
6316:Global poverty
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6286:Climate change
6283:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6260:Unlimit Health
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6205:Good Food Fund
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:Hilary Greaves
6046:
6041:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6013:Utilitarianism
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5968:Disease burden
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5929:
5922:
5915:
5907:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5870:Apocalypticism
5859:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5714:Disaster films
5711:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5689:
5687:Alien invasion
5683:
5681:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5627:Amillennialism
5624:
5614:
5612:Millenarianism
5609:
5608:
5607:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5565:Apocalypticism
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5461:Dhu al-Qarnayn
5458:
5453:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5407:Great Apostasy
5404:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5296:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5264:
5254:
5252:Last Judgement
5249:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5214:
5212:
5210:Eschatological
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5153:
5148:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5009:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4957:
4955:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4925:Overpopulation
4922:
4916:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4902:Water scarcity
4899:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4875:Sea level rise
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4838:on marine life
4835:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4793:Global warming
4790:
4785:
4783:Global dimming
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4741:Cascade effect
4738:
4737:
4736:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4716:Climate change
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:Doomsday Clock
4543:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4497:Cyberterrorism
4494:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4439:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4400:
4388:
4383:
4374:
4364:
4352:
4334:
4318:
4317:External links
4315:
4314:
4313:
4308:978-0275948023
4307:
4294:
4277:
4266:
4248:
4234:Marshall Brain
4231:
4212:Joseph Tainter
4209:
4195:John A. Leslie
4192:
4189:978-0385509657
4173:
4155:
4133:
4112:
4090:
4074:
4055:
4039:Derrick Jensen
4036:
4022:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3956:
3926:
3912:
3889:
3857:
3828:
3806:
3792:
3772:
3747:
3733:
3713:
3686:
3661:
3648:New York Times
3633:
3608:
3579:
3554:
3541:New York Times
3524:
3502:
3471:
3445:
3417:
3389:
3340:
3301:
3282:
3256:
3228:
3203:
3180:
3155:
3130:
3100:
3070:
3028:
3002:
2974:
2951:
2912:
2905:
2899:. p. 25.
2878:
2865:
2859:978-0998413105
2858:
2840:
2834:978-0387098364
2833:
2815:
2739:
2729:
2708:
2682:
2652:
2615:(3): 271–282.
2592:
2579:
2557:
2544:
2532:
2518:
2485:
2475:
2454:
2426:
2354:
2297:
2255:
2242:(2): 274–295.
2222:
2163:
2152:on May 4, 2012
2134:
2103:
2076:
2069:
2036:
2007:(3): 308–314.
1987:
1967:
1953:
1933:
1926:978-0195306477
1925:
1907:
1858:
1832:
1825:
1807:
1800:
1782:
1737:
1707:
1677:
1647:
1615:
1598:(March 2002).
1587:
1544:
1521:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1295:
1281:
1267:
1264:Science portal
1253:
1239:
1225:
1222:Society portal
1209:
1206:
1067:Doomsday Clock
1058:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1002:Main article:
999:
996:
982:
979:
969:
966:
916:
913:
890:
887:
880:
879:
873:
867:
853:
850:
848:
845:
833:Sociobiologist
763:
760:
746:
743:
704:
701:
686:
683:
631:cyberterrorism
599:nanotechnology
572:red giant star
560:climate change
525:Main article:
522:
519:
485:
482:
461:
458:
450:Richard Posner
442:Similarly, in
420:
417:
407:
404:
374:
373:
371:
370:
363:
356:
348:
345:
344:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
305:Design fiction
302:
294:
293:
282:
281:
280:
279:
277:Trend analysis
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
228:
227:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
189:
188:
182:
181:
180:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
133:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
99:
94:
89:
81:
80:
74:
73:
65:
64:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8708:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8656:
8655:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8644:
8642:
8641:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8613:
8612:
8609:
8602:
8599:
8596:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8579:
8578:Earth Charter
8576:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8529:
8528:
8526:
8520:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8468:Environmental
8466:
8465:
8463:
8461:
8457:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8400:Refurbishment
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8390:Organizations
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8303:Green economy
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8288:Eco-socialism
8286:
8284:
8283:Eco-investing
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8268:Disinvestment
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8223:
8220:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8156:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8089:Marine energy
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8043:Cultured meat
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8017:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7989:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7900:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7867:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7836:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7801:Simple living
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7697:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7679:
7675:
7668:
7663:
7661:
7656:
7654:
7649:
7648:
7645:
7633:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7605:Risk appetite
7603:
7601:
7598:
7594:
7593:ISO/IEC 31010
7591:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7572:
7569:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7503:Decision tree
7501:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7414:Delphi method
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7404:Brainstorming
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7373:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7218:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7170:
7169:Vulnerability
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7139:
7138:Residual risk
7136:
7134:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7124:Systemic risk
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7031:Security risk
7029:
7027:
7026:Safety hazard
7024:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7010:
7009:External risk
7006:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6947:Personal risk
6945:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6906:
6901:
6899:
6894:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6883:
6873:
6863:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6836:The Precipice
6833:
6831:
6830:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6785:Frank Wilczek
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6730:Dan Hendrycks
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6700:Yoshua Bengio
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6602:Organizations
6600:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6489:
6484:
6482:
6477:
6475:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6422:The Precipice
6419:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6311:Global health
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6291:Cultured meat
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6215:Good Ventures
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6130:Animal Ethics
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:Organizations
6101:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5923:
5921:
5916:
5914:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5885:Risk analysis
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:Social crisis
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:Organizations
5745:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5671:World to come
5669:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5617:Millennialism
5615:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5605:Messianic Age
5603:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5590:Gog and Magog
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5580:Earth Changes
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5417:New Jerusalem
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:War in Heaven
5391:
5389:
5388:Two witnesses
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:Second Coming
5255:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4756:Deforestation
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4697:World War III
4695:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4612:Transhumanism
4610:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:Technological
4473:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4437:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4292:9781526600219
4289:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4275:
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4265:
4264:0-465-06863-4
4261:
4258:
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4249:
4247:
4246:9781454939962
4243:
4240:Union Square
4239:
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4232:
4229:
4228:9780521386739
4225:
4221:
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4207:
4206:0-415-14043-9
4203:
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4182:
4177:
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4172:
4171:0-465-07010-8
4168:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4152:9780241958681
4149:
4146:
4145:Penguin Books
4143:
4142:
4137:
4136:Jared Diamond
4134:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4118:
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4110:
4105:
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4099:
4095:
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4089:
4088:0-679-76811-4
4085:
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4078:
4075:
4072:
4071:0-87663-165-0
4068:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4052:1-58322-730-X
4049:
4046:
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4040:
4037:
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4034:
4030:
4026:
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4018:
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4009:
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3995:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3915:
3913:9780810878587
3909:
3905:
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3899:
3893:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3833:
3816:
3810:
3795:
3793:9781461443483
3789:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3736:
3734:9780199677856
3730:
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3596:
3595:
3590:
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3568:
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3558:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:Ashlee, Vance
3528:
3512:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3406:
3405:
3404:New Statesman
3400:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3360:(6992): 591.
3359:
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3118:
3114:
3113:gcrpolicy.com
3110:
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2819:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2759:Risk Analysis
2753:
2746:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2730:9780316484893
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2696:
2692:
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2659:
2657:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2609:Global Policy
2606:
2599:
2597:
2590:May 30, 1993)
2589:
2583:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2541:
2536:
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2476:9780316484893
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2430:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:Risk Analysis
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:Bostrom, Nick
2367:
2361:
2359:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2320:(3): 541–54.
2319:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2286:
2282:
2278:
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2270:
2266:
2259:
2250:
2245:
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2204:
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2167:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2120:
2119:
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2100:9780198570509
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2070:9780316484916
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1954:9780316484916
1950:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1903:
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1894:
1889:
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1873:
1869:
1862:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1826:9780571287116
1822:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:Global Policy
1759:
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1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1696:
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1654:
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1636:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1596:Bostrom, Nick
1591:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1530:Bostrom, Nick
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1472:
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1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
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1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:Fermi paradox
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1282:
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1226:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:Good Ventures
1175:
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1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1126:
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1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:Organizations
1054:
1052:
1051:Steven Pinker
1049:Psychologist
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1005:
995:
991:
988:
985:In 2018, the
978:
975:
972:Insufficient
965:
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940:
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928:
924:
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912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
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886:
883:
877:
874:
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868:
865:
862:
861:
860:
858:
844:
841:
837:
834:
830:
828:
824:
823:survivor bias
820:
814:
809:
807:
806:scope neglect
803:
799:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
759:
756:
752:
742:
740:
736:
731:
727:
722:
720:
715:
711:
700:
698:
693:
682:
680:
676:
675:crop failures
672:
668:
664:
663:non-equitable
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:biotechnology
592:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
537:supervolcanic
534:
528:
518:
515:
514:
509:
508:George Orwell
505:
501:
498:
497:unrecoverable
494:
491:
490:unrecoverable
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
457:
455:
451:
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446:
440:
438:
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272:Threatcasting
270:
268:
265:
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260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
242:Futures wheel
240:
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208:
206:
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187:
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178:
177:Swanson's law
175:
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53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
8652:
8645:
8638:
8631:
8619:
8543:
8308:Construction
8231:Applications
7949:Biodiversity
7708:Anthropocene
7297:
7249:Supply chain
7241:
7219:
7190:
7130:
7086:
7075:Country risk
7052:
7030:
7018:
7014:Extreme risk
6964:Natural risk
6946:
6932:
6848:
6841:
6834:
6827:
6815:
6775:Jaan Tallinn
6715:Eric Drexler
6705:Nick Bostrom
6518:AI alignment
6434:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6305:
6190:GiveDirectly
6110:80,000 Hours
6084:Peter Singer
6079:Derek Parfit
6069:Yew-Kwang Ng
6044:Nick Bostrom
5847:
5790:Cyberwarfare
5584:
5508:Third Temple
5363:Lake of fire
5173:Rogue planet
5141:Impact event
5131:Proton decay
5084:Astronomical
5034:Bioterrorism
4880:Supervolcano
4778:Flood basalt
4724:Anoxic event
4633:Collapsology
4621:Sociological
4492:Cyberwarfare
4442:
4371:The Guardian
4370:
4360:The Guardian
4358:
4345:
4327:
4298:
4273:
4254:
4237:
4215:
4198:
4179:
4176:Joel Garreau
4162:
4139:
4116:
4107:
4101:
4080:
4061:
4042:
4031:
4007:
4003:
3977:. Retrieved
3973:the original
3959:
3947:. Retrieved
3943:the original
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3902:
3892:
3880:. Retrieved
3876:the original
3869:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3844:
3819:. Retrieved
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3782:
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3759:
3750:
3738:. Retrieved
3723:
3716:
3704:. Retrieved
3700:the original
3689:
3681:
3674:. Retrieved
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3646:
3636:
3624:. Retrieved
3620:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3594:The Atlantic
3592:
3582:
3570:. Retrieved
3566:
3557:
3545:. Retrieved
3539:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3489:the original
3484:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:
3448:
3440:
3433:. Retrieved
3420:
3408:. Retrieved
3402:
3392:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3324:the original
3317:
3304:
3295:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3269:
3259:
3247:. Retrieved
3241:
3231:
3220:, retrieved
3215:
3206:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3171:. Retrieved
3164:Club of Rome
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3139:Club of Rome
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3117:the original
3112:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3087:the original
3082:
3073:
3048:
3044:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3014:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:The Guardian
2987:
2977:
2969:the original
2964:
2954:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2891:
2887:Smil, Vaclav
2881:
2868:
2849:
2843:
2824:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2799:the original
2762:
2758:
2734:
2720:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2694:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2668:
2612:
2608:
2587:
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2560:
2547:
2540:Bostrom 2013
2535:
2527:
2521:
2504:
2480:
2466:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2439:
2429:
2388:
2384:
2345:. Retrieved
2317:
2313:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2268:
2258:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2144:
2137:
2129:
2124:November 21,
2122:. Retrieved
2116:
2106:
2091:
2060:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1977:
1970:
1961:Nick Bostrom
1958:
1942:
1936:
1916:
1910:
1878:(1): 15–22.
1875:
1871:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1835:
1816:
1810:
1791:
1785:
1768:
1764:
1728:. Retrieved
1722:
1698:. Retrieved
1692:
1668:. Retrieved
1662:
1638:. Retrieved
1632:
1609:
1603:
1590:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1534:
1524:
1483:
1477:
1464:
1431:
1399:
1370:Impact event
1360:Great Filter
1325:Extreme risk
1278:World portal
1187:
1166:Paul Ehrlich
1145:Nick Bostrom
1138:
1129:Jaan Tallinn
1086:
1083:
1060:
1048:
1029:Billionaire
1028:
1017:
1007:
992:
987:Club of Rome
984:
971:
958:
947:
939:survivalists
931:malnutrition
927:Food storage
925:
921:Robin Hanson
918:
905:dung beetles
901:snowboarding
894:
892:
884:
881:
875:
869:
863:
855:
836:E. O. Wilson
831:
819:Nick Bostrom
816:
811:
800:
796:
765:
754:
748:
730:Roman Empire
723:
706:
688:
647:cobalt bombs
627:cyberwarfare
619:bioterrorism
588:
542:, a natural
533:impact event
530:
511:
504:Bryan Caplan
499:
496:
492:
489:
487:
477:
473:
469:
465:
463:
454:cost–benefit
443:
441:
436:
425:
422:
400:
395:
383:
379:
377:
237:Future-proof
96:
39:
8696:Survivalism
8524:conferences
8395:Procurement
8338:Development
8238:Advertising
8200:Measurement
8134:Tidal power
8129:Small hydro
8094:Micro hydro
7957:Biosecurity
7909:Appropriate
7838:Sustainable
7821:Advertising
7743:Consumption
7733:Development
7615:Rare events
7554:Risk Matrix
7164:Uncertainty
7147:Risk source
7119:Profit risk
7114:Market risk
7094:Credit risk
6952:Health risk
6780:Max Tegmark
6765:Martin Rees
6573:Longtermism
6533:AI takeover
6274:Focus areas
6165:Faunalytics
6027:Key figures
5988:Longtermism
5866:Categories
5835:Survivalism
5522:Zoroastrian
5378:Seven seals
5373:Seven bowls
5299:Historicism
5195:Solar flare
5071:Overfishing
5046:Defaunation
4833:coral reefs
4595:AI takeover
4514:Nanoweapons
4502:Cybergeddon
4487:Cyberattack
4251:Martin Rees
3706:January 30,
3222:January 23,
3216:physorg.com
1771:(1): 15–3.
1629:"About FHI"
1581:11336/71342
1422:Survivalism
1395:Rare events
1097:Jed McCaleb
1093:Peter Thiel
735:Black Death
633:destroying
428:Black Death
291:forecasting
285:Technology
195:Backcasting
172:Singularity
152:Moore's law
110:Mathematics
8670:Categories
8415:Sanitation
8370:Livelihood
8293:Ecovillage
8278:Eco-cities
8195:Accounting
8104:Pico hydro
8084:Hydropower
7902:Technology
7700:Principles
7610:Hazard map
7549:Risk index
7080:Legal risk
7065:Model risk
7005:Macro risk
6745:Shane Legg
6720:Sam Harris
6695:Sam Altman
6634:EleutherAI
6365:Literature
6039:Liv Boeree
5795:Depression
5785:Ransomware
5600:Messianism
5570:Armageddon
5555:Apocalypse
5343:Antichrist
5331:Man of sin
5228:Three Ages
5091:Big Crunch
4953:Extinction
4945:Biological
4707:Ecological
4579:Strangelet
4130:0865717044
3898:Kelley Lee
3670:"About Us"
3173:August 17,
3148:August 17,
3123:August 11,
3093:August 15,
2932:: 102798.
2827:. Praxis.
2507:: 91–119.
2447:August 12,
2347:August 26,
2156:August 12,
1670:August 12,
1659:"About us"
1640:August 12,
1558:BioScience
1456:References
876:Resilience
864:Prevention
825:and other
790:, and the
697:black swan
692:Carl Sagan
677:, and non-
607:global war
562:, hostile
478:permanent,
320:Hype cycle
287:assessment
186:Techniques
8508:Recycling
8503:Planetary
8493:Materials
8488:Landscape
8473:Fisheries
8440:Transport
8365:Landscape
8348:Marketing
8323:Gardening
8263:Community
8210:Reporting
8074:Footprint
7962:Biosphere
7588:ISO 31000
7470:(FMEA) /
7419:Checklist
7344:Insurance
7315:Risk pool
6926:Risk type
6760:Huw Price
6750:Elon Musk
6654:Humanity+
6528:AI safety
6089:Cari Tuna
5680:Fictional
5527:Saoshyant
5412:New Earth
5383:The Beast
5316:Preterism
5289:Christian
5245:Kali Yuga
5190:Micronova
5185:Hypernova
5051:Dysgenics
4892:Verneshot
4798:Hypercane
4541:Dead Hand
4094:Holt, Jim
4010:: 20–26.
3850:March 12,
3626:April 30,
3601:April 30,
3572:March 22,
3517:April 26,
3243:Space.com
3065:153917693
3051:: 57–68.
3021:March 23,
2897:MIT Press
2701:April 20,
2675:April 20,
2629:1758-5899
2463:Ord, Toby
2290:August 4,
2009:CiteSeerX
1851:August 3,
1427:Tail risk
1153:Huw Price
1121:Elon Musk
1105:Seth Baum
1031:Elon Musk
961:biosphere
896:Star Trek
766:Numerous
719:anthropic
637:like the
566:, or the
510:'s novel
472:but also
232:Foresight
8621:Category
8420:Sourcing
8355:Greening
8248:Business
8124:Security
8119:Scarcity
7625:Security
7544:FN curve
7159:Conflict
7046:Accident
6872:Category
6740:Bill Joy
6506:Concepts
6195:GiveWell
6074:Toby Ord
5941:Concepts
5820:Pandemic
5805:Epidemic
5800:Droughts
5654:Prewrath
5585:End time
5451:Al-Qa'im
5336:Katechon
5321:2 Esdras
5311:Idealism
5294:Futurism
5223:Maitreya
5218:Buddhist
5061:Pandemic
4509:Gray goo
4407:TED talk
4394:Archived
4280:Toby Ord
3900:(2013).
3384:15190320
3270:BBC News
3166:(2019).
3141:(2018).
2995:June 30,
2889:(2003).
2795:14265396
2787:18076500
2719:(2020).
2717:Toby Ord
2647:32427180
2465:(2020).
2413:20626690
2376:(2010).
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2031:15860897
2001:Utilitas
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1532:(2008).
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1208:See also
1079:grey goo
870:Response
544:pandemic
540:eruption
500:dystopia
493:collapse
474:terminal
157:Peak oil
130:Universe
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8654:Degrees
8647:Studies
8640:Science
8435:Tourism
8328:Geopark
8318:Finance
8313:Fashion
7888:Control
7776:Ethical
7685:Outline
7449:(SWIFT)
7438:(HACCP)
7432:(HAZOP)
7259:Quality
7254:Project
6993:IT risk
5880:Hazards
5778:General
5649:Rapture
5498:Messiah
5486:Sufyani
5476:Israfil
5446:Islamic
5284:Messiah
5262:1 Enoch
5096:Big Rip
4808:Ecocide
4803:Ice age
4379:by the
4282:(2020)
4272:(2008)
4253:(2004)
4236:(2020)
4214:(1990)
4197:(1996)
4178:(2005)
4160:(2003)
4079:(2003)
4060:(1972)
4044:Endgame
4041:(2006)
4027:(2000)
4004:Futures
3979:June 5,
3949:June 5,
3919:June 5,
3882:June 5,
3821:June 5,
3799:June 5,
3765:June 5,
3740:June 5,
3676:May 17,
3654:June 5,
3547:June 5,
3495:June 5,
3464:June 5,
3435:June 5,
3410:June 5,
3362:Bibcode
3333:June 5,
3275:July 1,
3249:July 1,
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3045:Futures
3015:Science
2934:Bibcode
2808:May 16,
2767:Bibcode
2669:Science
2638:7228299
2572:July 1,
2509:Bibcode
2421:6485564
2393:Bibcode
2208:9553633
2185:Bibcode
1893:3291398
1730:June 5,
1516:2659741
1488:Bibcode
1479:Science
1198:prevent
1134:s-risks
889:Funding
554:from a
120:Climate
101:Future
8603:(2015)
8580:(2000)
8574:(1997)
8558:(1992)
8546:(1987)
8478:Forest
8380:Market
8375:Living
7992:Energy
7848:Market
7573:(MCDA)
7499:(LOPA)
7154:Hazard
7041:Threat
6683:People
6674:OpenAI
6446:Events
5810:Famine
5736:Zombie
5538:Others
5493:Jewish
5471:Dajjal
5353:Events
5267:Daniel
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8633:Lists
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7690:Index
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3852:2019
3823:2015
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3742:2015
3729:ISBN
3708:2012
3678:2020
3656:2015
3628:2016
3603:2016
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3549:2015
3519:2013
3497:2015
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3412:2015
3380:PMID
3335:2015
3319:Omni
3296:CNBC
3277:2016
3251:2016
3224:2012
3175:2020
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2997:2017
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