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441:(province) centered in Tripoli and grew increasingly independent of the Assafs. In addition to his lack of a strong local following in the area of the type possessed by the long-established Assafs and his intimate familiarity with the local chieftains, Yusuf was also appointed because of the relative ease of access of his Hisn Ibn Akkar stronghold from the major cities of the Syrian interior through the Homs Gap; the Ottomans would thus have the ability to intervene against Yusuf or his family in case they became recalcitrant, unlike other local chiefs whose strongholds were nestled deep in the Mount Lebanon range. Hisn Ibn Akkar was one of several targets of an
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235:. Gibelacar is situated on a narrow ridge formed by the two ravines of the Nahr Akkar stream. Though largely ruined, the remains of the fortress extend the entire length of the 200-meter ridge. Its tower, which stands at the southern end of the ridge, is still well-preserved. The site has an elevation of 700 meters above sea level and has a commanding view over the mountain road leading to the fortress.
407:
commenced on 2 May and during the fighting, a Mamluk emir, Rukn al-Din al-Mankurus al-Dawadari, was killed by a
Crusader projectile while praying. By 4 May the defenders were virtually defeated, but held out until surrendering on 11 May in exchange for safe passage to Tripoli. Baybars had his signature leopard emblem sculpted on a frieze on Gibelacar's main tower.
382:, Raynouard III, who acquired it as a result of his marriage in 1203/04 to an Isabelle, daughter of Gibelacar's previous lord, a certain Astafort. Raynouard's control was confirmed by Raymond III, who had since been restored as the count of Tripoli. However, because the transfer was done without the approval of Raynouard's lord,
406:
wrested control of it soon after capturing the Krak des
Chevaliers on 8 April 1271. Baybars personally commanded the march toward Gibelacar on 28 April and experienced great difficulty in transporting his siege engines through the mountainous forests surrounding the fortress. The Mamluks' bombardment
425:(irregular soldier) of Turkmen origins, or his family, established themselves in Hisn Ibn Akkar, which had become the fortified center of its own village by then. From there the family became a local power, subordinate first to the Shu'aybs, lords of
903:
333:(Raphanea) to the north of Hisn Ibn Akkar. To prevent this, Tughtakin made an agreement with the Crusaders, giving them Hisn Ibn Akkar in exchange for desisting from attacking Rafaniyya. Nearby Hisn al-Akrad (known by Crusaders as
445:. The assault was led by Yusuf's replacement as governor of Tripoli, Ja'far Pasha. Afterward, the Sayfas became once again fiscally subordinate to the Assafs until Yusuf had the last Assaf chieftain Muhammad assassinated in 1590.
369:
was held captive by Zengid forces. The fortress was destroyed in a massive earthquake that began on 29 June 1170 and whose after shocks lasted until 24 July. Afterward, King
Amalric assigned control of Gibelacar to the
374:
with instructions to restore its fortifications. However, this assignment may not have been official as contemporary court records indicate
Gibelacar was still directly under the jurisdiction of the County of Tripoli.
746:
360:
In
January 1169 or between December 1169 and January 1170, the Crusaders recaptured Gibelacar and imprisoned its Zengid governor Qutlug al-Alamdar. The County of Tripoli was then held in regency by King
1017:
1002:
386:, the latter opposed the move and a civil war ensued. Bohemond razed Nephin, captured Raynouard and released him in exchange for handing over Gibelacar in 1205. Raynouard subsequently left for
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in an 1170 edict. For much of the first half of the 12th century, Gibelacar was controlled by the
Puylaurens, a large baronial family of the
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337:) was made to pay tribute to the Crusaders, but the latter nonetheless seized the fortress in 1110. Hisn Ibn Akkar was called
1280:
856:
77:
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seized the fortress from the
Mirdasids. This came after the Fatimid army defeated the Kilab and killed Salih at the
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ruler of
Damascus. The Crusaders conquered Tripoli in 1109 and were poised to capture the important fortress of
1686:
933:
1325:
691:
Les châteaux des Croisés en terre sainte III: la défense du comté de
Tripoli et de la principauté d'Antioche
273:. Hisn Ibn Akkar remained in the hands of Muhriz's family until 1019. Later, during a rebellion against the
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266:. According to Arabic sources, the fortress's namesake and founder was Muhriz ibn Akkar, who built it in
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349:. The fortress served as the family's feudal seat until circa 1167, when it was captured by the
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At the beginning of the 13th century, control of
Gibelacar passed to the Crusader lord of
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of Tripoli's countryside in the early 12th century, Hisn Ibn Akkar was in the hands of
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29:
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725:
Salibi, Kamal S. (February 1973). "The Sayfās and the Eyalet of Tripoli 1579-1640".
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The fortress remained in the hands of Bohemond IV's royal successors until the
350:
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in the early 12th century until it was captured and strengthened by the
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Gibelacar is located in Jabal Akkar, the northernmost slopes of the
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era in the early 11th century. It was captured and utilized by the
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by the Crusaders as early as 1143, but was officially renamed
289:. Fatimid authority was restored in 1033 when the governor of
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in the late 13th century. It became the headquarters of the
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693:(in French). Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
628:
586:
Syria Under Islam: Empire on Trial, 634–1097, Volume 1
3204:
Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller
312:
253:
699:
463:
461:
459:
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53:
410:
203:, served as the governors and tax farmers of the
3185:
437:. In 1579 Yusuf was appointed governor of a new
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681:Provincial Leaderships in Syria, 1575-1650
674:
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572:. Aleppo: Dar al-Amanah. pp. 100–101.
262:and overlooked the northernmost slopes of
155:), also known by its original Arabic name
688:
684:. Beirut: American University of Beirut.
223:range. It is 27 kilometers south of the
211:from 1579 through the mid-17th century.
1866:Sorted by modern states, with crusader
697:
3186:
724:
706:. Cambridge University Press. p.
582:
565:
475:(in French). Fortresses d'Orient. 2014
199:clan, whose members, chief among them
3009:
1823:
750:
589:. Delmar: Caravan Books. p. 108.
138:Muhriz ibn Akkar (first construction)
1519:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans
443:Ottoman imperial expedition in 1585
171:), is a fortress in the village of
168:
160:
152:
13:
1849:
313:Crusader control and constructions
281:, the preeminent chieftain of the
14:
3225:
786:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
393:
309:, captured the fortress in 1094.
248:Gibelacar was referred to by the
183:. The fortress dates back to the
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1968:
1952:
1802:
1779:
1763:
1538:
1514:Church of Saint John the Baptist
1161:
1129:
1089:
1070:
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947:
938:
923:
820:
789:
778:
569:The Emirate of Aleppo: 1004–1094
52:
45:
1003:Orders, decorations, and medals
667:
243:
1794:
1687:Conquest of Rhodes (1306–1310)
1557:
1526:
1417:
1398:
1384:
1362:
1328:
1149:
934:Order of Malta Ambulance Corps
619:
576:
519:
510:
411:Headquarters of the Sayfa clan
1:
448:
267:
231:, at the opposite end of the
130:ca. 1000 (first construction)
1798:Demolished or sparse remains
1585:Colonization of the Americas
625:Deschamps 1973, pp. 308–309.
277:in 1024, it was captured by
163:) or its modern Arabic name
7:
3194:11th-century fortifications
2951:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
1775:(with year of proclamation)
1722:Great Siege of Malta (1565)
1580:Principality of Heitersheim
1271:St John (Conventual Church)
1096:Villa del Priorato di Malta
258:. The fortress secured the
254:
214:
10:
3230:
1460:Palace of the Grand Master
238:
60:Gibelacar (Hisn Ibn Akkar)
19:Gibelacar (Hisn Ibn Akkar)
3137:
3126:
3050:
2905:
2881:
2861:
2673:
2610:
1935:
1915:
1895:
1875:
1864:
1860:
1758:
1737:Battle of Damietta (1732)
1672:Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
1662:
1604:
1593:
1567:
1479:
1445:
1372:
1316:
1309:
1261:
1228:
1115:
1105:
1060:
1026:
980:
914:
834:
798:
583:Salibi, Kamal S. (1977).
285:tribe and founder of the
134:
126:
121:
113:
108:
71:
40:
23:
18:
1727:Battle of Lepanto (1571)
689:Deschamps, Paul (1973).
1717:Siege of Tripoli (1551)
1712:Invasion of Gozo (1551)
676:Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim
616:Deschamps 1973, p. 308.
566:Zakkar, Suhayl (1971).
553:Deschamps 1973, p. 307.
3214:Fatimid fortifications
2995:Catholicism portal
2971:Order of Saint Lazarus
1809:Catholicism portal
1677:Battle of Arsuf (1191)
1188:Santa Margherita Lines
929:Malteser International
894:Diplomatic missions to
889:Diplomatic missions of
698:Kennedy, Hugh (1994).
384:Bohemond IV of Antioch
367:Raymond III of Tripoli
363:Amalric I of Jerusalem
1732:Raid on Żejtun (1614)
1238:Grand Master's Palace
993:Flag and coat of arms
814:, founded in 1099 in
295:Battle of al-Uqhuwana
2921:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1868:names in parentheses
1742:Loss of Malta (1798)
1682:Siege of Acre (1291)
1350:Castille et Portugal
1345:Auvergne et Provence
828:Kingdom of Jerusalem
525:Kennedy 1994, p. 20.
473:www.orient-latin.com
372:Knights Hospitallers
3170:34.5250°N 36.2417°E
3166: /
2941:Knights Hospitaller
1786:World Heritage Site
1772:extraterritoriality
1545:Krak des Chevaliers
1286:Our Lady of Victory
981:Society and culture
507:Kennedy, pp. 67–68.
433:, Turkmen lords of
335:Krak des Chevaliers
317:By the time of the
225:Krak des Chevaliers
93:34.5250°N 36.2417°E
89: /
3209:Castles in Lebanon
3143:Castles in Lebanon
3105:Saint Louis Castle
3070:Citadel of Tripoli
3044:Castles in Lebanon
2818:Saint Louis Castle
2743:Citadel of Tripoli
1276:Our Lady of Liesse
3149:
3148:
3110:Scandelion Castle
3003:
3002:
2931:County of Tripoli
2901:
2900:
2828:Scandelion Castle
2147:Caesarea Maritima
1986:Saint Jean d'Acre
1817:
1816:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1691:Sieges of Rhodes
1489:Saint John d'Acre
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1281:Our Lady of Pilar
970:Ships of the line
884:Foreign relations
852:Sovereign Council
812:international law
808:sovereign subject
804:order of chivalry
661:, pp. 17–20.
649:, pp. 14–15.
390:, where he died.
347:County of Tripoli
319:Crusader invasion
297:in May 1029. The
275:Fatimid Caliphate
177:Akkar Governorate
142:
141:
30:Akkar Governorate
3221:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:34.5250; 36.2417
3171:
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3115:Sidon Sea Castle
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3041:
3030:
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2838:Sidon Sea Castle
2834:
2824:
2814:
2799:
2783:Deir Kifa Castle
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2197:
2192:
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2180:
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2165:
2155:
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2143:
2138:
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2122:Belvoir Fortress
2118:
2103:
2098:
2097:
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2056:
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2039:
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2027:
2022:
2021:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1956:
1862:
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1837:
1830:
1821:
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1602:
1601:
1560:
1543:
1542:
1529:
1504:Belvoir Fortress
1420:
1401:
1387:
1365:
1331:
1314:
1313:
1253:San Anton Palace
1166:
1165:
1152:
1134:
1133:
1113:
1112:
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1093:
1075:
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961:
951:
942:
927:
826:
824:
823:
793:
784:
782:
781:
771:
764:
757:
748:
747:
742:
721:
705:
702:Crusader Castles
694:
685:
662:
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638:
632:
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623:
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517:
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508:
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483:
481:
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429:, and later the
365:while its count
287:Mirdasid dynasty
279:Salih ibn Mirdas
272:
269:
260:Hims–Tripoli Gap
257:
170:
162:
154:
109:Site information
104:
103:
101:
100:
99:
98:34.5250; 36.2417
94:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
56:
55:
49:
36:
16:
15:
3229:
3228:
3224:
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3220:
3219:
3218:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3133:
3124:
3055:Beaufort Castle
3046:
3036:
3034:
3004:
2999:
2987:
2961:Knights Templar
2914:
2912:
2897:
2877:
2857:
2703:Beaufort Castle
2669:
2606:
2582:
2570:
2553:
2541:
2504:
2487:
2471:
2444:
2417:
2365:
2343:
2316:
2313:Castellum Regis
2274:
2262:
2220:
2208:
2186:
2174:Château Pèlerin
2149:
2092:
2050:
2043:Ateret Fortress
2033:
2016:
2009:Apollonia–Arsuf
1989:
1967:
1931:
1911:
1891:
1871:
1856:
1848:
1818:
1813:
1801:
1778:
1762:
1746:
1658:
1596:
1589:
1563:
1537:
1475:
1433:
1368:
1305:
1257:
1224:
1193:Cottonera Lines
1160:
1146:Fort St Michael
1128:
1109:
1101:
1088:
1069:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1022:
976:
956:(Historically:
910:
857:Chapter General
830:
821:
819:
794:
779:
777:
775:
745:
718:
670:
665:
659:Abu-Husayn 1985
657:
653:
647:Abu-Husayn 1985
645:
641:
635:Abu-Husayn 1985
633:
629:
624:
620:
615:
594:
581:
577:
564:
557:
552:
529:
524:
520:
515:
511:
506:
487:
478:
476:
467:
466:
455:
451:
413:
396:
315:
270:
255:Ḥiṣn Ibn ʿAkkār
246:
241:
217:
97:
95:
91:
88:
83:
80:
78:
76:
75:
67:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
24:
12:
11:
5:
3227:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:Akkar District
3196:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2984:
2983:
2981:Teutonic Order
2973:
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2923:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2790:
2788:Hasbaya Castle
2785:
2780:
2765:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2592:Khirbat Jiddin
2589:
2577:
2560:
2548:
2531:
2511:
2494:
2481:Tel Tanninim (
2478:
2461:
2456:
2439:
2429:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2355:
2338:
2328:
2306:
2296:
2281:
2269:
2252:
2215:
2203:
2198:
2181:
2171:
2156:
2144:
2129:
2119:
2104:
2082:
2067:
2062:
2040:
2028:
2006:
1979:
1964:Casal Imbertia
1957:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1792:
1776:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1547:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1462:
1457:
1455:Fortifications
1451:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1248:Verdala Palace
1245:
1243:Vilhena Palace
1240:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:Floriana Lines
1180:
1175:
1158:
1153:
1139:
1136:Fort St Angelo
1121:
1119:
1117:Fortifications
1110:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1086:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
982:
978:
977:
975:
974:
973:
972:
944:Military Corps
936:
931:
920:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
907:
906:
904:United Nations
901:
899:European Union
896:
891:
881:
876:
862:Grand Priories
859:
854:
849:
844:
838:
836:
832:
831:
799:
796:
795:
774:
773:
766:
759:
751:
744:
743:
722:
716:
695:
686:
671:
669:
666:
664:
663:
651:
639:
637:, pp. 12.
627:
618:
592:
575:
555:
527:
518:
516:Salibi, p. 28.
509:
485:
452:
450:
447:
412:
409:
395:
394:Mamluk capture
392:
314:
311:
245:
242:
240:
237:
216:
213:
205:Tripoli Eyalet
173:Akkar al-Atiqa
157:Hisn Ibn Akkar
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
73:
69:
68:
59:
58:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
26:Akkar District
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3226:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Moussa Castle
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:Iaal Fortress
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Byblos Castle
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2733:Byblos Castle
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2713:Beirut Castle
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2620:Ajloun Castle
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2468:Blanche Garde
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Castle Arnold
2199:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:Other regions
1566:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:Chastel Rouge
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1471:Bodrum Castle
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Fort Chambray
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Fort Ricasoli
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:Palazzo Malta
1073:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1018:Postal system
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:Maltese cross
986:
985:
983:
979:
971:
968:
967:
966:
964:
960:
954:
950:
945:
941:
937:
935:
932:
930:
926:
922:
921:
919:
917:
913:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
837:
833:
829:
817:
813:
809:
805:
802:
797:
792:
787:
772:
767:
765:
760:
758:
753:
752:
749:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
719:
717:0-521-79913-9
713:
709:
704:
703:
696:
692:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
672:
660:
655:
648:
643:
636:
631:
622:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
588:
587:
579:
571:
570:
562:
560:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
522:
513:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
474:
470:
464:
462:
460:
458:
453:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:
419:, an Ottoman
418:
415:In the 1520s
408:
405:
401:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
373:
368:
364:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
265:
264:Mount Lebanon
261:
256:
251:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:Mount Lebanon
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
158:
150:
146:
137:
135:Built by
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
107:
102:
74:
70:
48:
39:
35:
31:
27:
22:
17:
3151:
3139:
3100:Mseilha Fort
3074:
2909:Associations
2890:
2870:
2803:Mseilha Fort
2757:
2753:Dubay Castle
2630:Kerak Castle
2595:
2566:
2537:
2517:
2500:
2482:
2467:
2464:Tell es-Safi
2413:
2393:
2383:
2361:
2334:
2312:
2303:Château Neuf
2302:
2287:
2258:
2110:
2089:Beth Gibelin
2088:
2073:
2012:
1985:
1963:
1948:
1924:
1904:
1884:
1867:
1795:
1770:
1558:
1532:
1527:
1464:
1418:
1399:
1385:
1363:
1329:
1296:St Catherine
1217:
1172:Fort St Elmo
1150:
1080:
1042:commanderies
955:
874:Associations
870:Commanderies
842:Grand Master
835:Organisation
733:(1): 25–52.
730:
726:
701:
690:
680:
668:Bibliography
654:
642:
630:
621:
585:
578:
568:
521:
512:
477:. Retrieved
472:
420:
414:
397:
377:
359:
342:
338:
334:
316:
247:
244:Arab origins
218:
179:in northern
165:Qal'at Akkar
164:
161:حصن ابن عكار
156:
144:
143:
122:Site history
3173: /
2567:La Sephorie
2514:Tel Yokneam
2483:Torin Selin
2459:Tel Hanaton
2331:Migdal Afek
2107:Beit She'an
2085:Bayt Jibrin
1555:Mount Tabor
1301:St Lawrence
1203:Fort Manoel
916:Auxiliaries
469:"Gibelacar"
417:Yusuf Sayfa
339:Guibelacard
271: 1000
201:Yusuf Pasha
96: /
72:Coordinates
3188:Categories
3161:36°14′30″E
3158:34°31′30″N
3085:Lion Tower
2660:Vaux Moise
2580:Umm Khalid
2394:Beauverium
2070:Bayt 'Itab
1335:Angleterre
1291:St Barbara
1213:Fort Tigné
1178:Cittadella
866:Bailiwicks
847:Governance
479:2016-10-21
449:References
355:Nur ad-Din
283:Banu Kilab
84:36°14′30″E
81:34°31′30″N
3140:Also See:
3075:Gibelacar
2758:Gibelacar
2563:Sepphoris
2358:Qalansawe
2218:Jerusalem
2206:Ein Hemed
2074:Bethaatap
1949:Fontenoid
1945:Abu Ghosh
1533:Gibelacar
1499:Abu Ghosh
1481:Holy Land
1382:Allemagne
1326:Allemagne
1032:including
1008:Passports
953:Air Force
816:Jerusalem
343:Gibelacar
331:Rafaniyya
323:Tughtakin
301:ruler of
189:Crusaders
169:قلعة عكار
167:(Arabic:
159:(Arabic:
145:Gibelacar
114:Condition
3090:Moinetre
3060:Belhacem
2793:Moinetre
2723:Belhacem
2640:Montreal
2551:Tiberias
2442:Tel Afek
2362:Calanson
2341:Montfort
2184:Destroit
2159:Cafarlet
1851:Crusader
1606:Crusades
1595:Military
1466:Anatolia
1429:Provence
1410:Castille
1396:Auvergne
1374:Valletta
1310:Auberges
1263:Churches
1168:Valletta
1085:) (1869)
1047:premises
1013:Currency
801:Catholic
678:(1985).
307:Tutush I
303:Damascus
233:Homs Gap
215:Location
207:and its
153:جبل عكار
2768:Coliath
2693:Batroun
2675:Lebanon
2650:Tafilah
2518:Caymont
2501:Belmont
2335:Mirabel
2309:Mi'ilya
2132:Burgata
2111:Bethsan
2031:Ascalon
1769:Extant
1664:Battles
1597:history
1575:Tripoli
1524:Coliath
1405:Bavière
1230:Palaces
1142:Senglea
1138:(2001))
1082:capital
1053:battles
1028:History
879:Langues
788:topics
739:4056003
727:Arabica
404:Baybars
402:sultan
291:Tripoli
239:History
209:sanjaks
193:Mamluks
185:Fatimid
181:Lebanon
175:in the
34:Lebanon
2918:
2883:Turkey
2808:Nephin
2612:Jordan
2538:Ibelin
2414:Saphet
2390:Qastal
2284:Latrun
2259:Caypha
1960:Achziv
1937:Israel
1917:Greece
1877:Cyprus
1790:UNESCO
1550:Margat
1447:Rhodes
1424:Italie
1415:France
1391:Aragon
1360:Italie
1355:France
1340:Aragon
1219:others
1098:(1869)
998:Anthem
825:
783:
737:
714:
439:eyalet
435:Ghazir
431:Assafs
422:levend
400:Mamluk
388:Cyprus
380:Nephin
351:Zengid
325:, the
299:Seljuk
149:Arabic
117:Ruined
3120:Toron
2863:Syria
2848:Toron
2596:Judin
2534:Yavne
2432:Taibe
2410:Safed
2380:Qaqun
2299:Hunin
2288:Toron
2272:Jaffa
2255:Haifa
2065:Yazur
2047:siege
2013:Arsur
1897:Egypt
1854:sites
1318:Birgu
1156:Mdina
1125:Birgu
1107:Malta
1037:sites
1034:major
735:JSTOR
353:lord
327:Burid
250:Arabs
229:Syria
197:Sayfa
127:Built
2892:More
2872:More
2683:Arqa
2497:Suba
2400:Qula
2384:Caco
1982:Acre
1926:More
1906:More
1886:More
1705:1522
1700:1480
1695:1444
1494:Arqa
1062:Rome
1051:and
963:Navy
806:and
712:ISBN
427:Arqa
1654:9th
1649:8th
1644:7th
1639:6th
1634:5th
1629:4th
1624:3rd
1619:2nd
1614:1st
810:of
252:as
227:in
3190::
2598:)
2569:)
2540:)
2520:)
2503:)
2470:)
2416:)
2364:)
2315:)
2290:)
2261:)
2113:)
2091:)
2076:)
2049:)
2015:)
1988:)
1966:)
1951:)
1870:()
1788:,
1469::
946::
872:,
868:,
864:,
818:,
731:20
729:.
710:.
708:67
595:^
558:^
530:^
488:^
471:.
456:^
357:.
305:,
268:c.
151::
32:,
28:,
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482:.
147:(
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