Knowledge

Getaway Special

Source 📝

681: 201: 22: 672:, the designated lead center for the project. The GAS team screened the proposals for safety and provided advice and consultation on payload design. It certified that proposed payloads would be safe and would not harm or interfere with the operations of the space shuttle, its crew, or other experiments on the flight. The costs of any physical testing required to answer safety questions before launch were borne by the GAS customer. 3701: 709:
The payload must have been self-powered, as experiments could not draw on the Shuttle orbiter's electricity. In addition, the crew's involvement with GAS payloads was limited to six simple activities (such as turning on and off up to three payload switches), due to the fact that crew activity schedules do not provide opportunities to either monitor or service GAS payloads in flight.
267:
After reorganization of the Shuttle Program, NASA cited the need for the remaining Shuttle fleet to complete assembly of the ISS to justify its decision to cancel the program. The GAS program canisters and GAS Bridge combined weight were only usable on low orbit missions, which were rescheduled with
716:
10,000; 100 pounds (45 kg) and 2.5 cubic feet (0.071 m), $ 5,000; and 60 pounds (27 kg) and 2.5 cubic feet (0.071 m), $ 3,000. The weight of the GAS container, experiment mounting plate and its attachment screws, and all hardware regularly supplied by NASA was not charged to the
708:
had specific standards and conditions relating to GAS payloads. Payloads were required to have fit into NASA standard containers and weigh no more than 200 pounds (91 kg). Two or more experiments could have been included in a single container if they fit while not exceeding weight limitations.
699:
was required to meet specific safety criteria, have been screened for its propriety, as well as being evaluated for its educational, scientific or technological objectives. These guidelines preclude commemorative items, such as medallions, that are intended for sale as objects that have flown in
648:
rotated GAS payload assignments among four major categories of users: educational, foreign, commercial, and U.S. government. GAS payloads had been reserved by foreign governments and individuals; U.S. industrialists, foundations, high schools, colleges and universities; professional societies;
660:, by the director of the Transportation Services Office. At that point NASA screened the propriety and objectives of each request. To complete the reservation process for GAS payloads, each request was accompanied or preceded by the payment of 736:, and the top may have been insulated or not, depending on the specific experiment. A lid that could be opened, or one with a window, may be required, and were offered as options at additional cost. The GAS containers were made of 649:
service clubs; and many others. Although persons and groups involved in space research obtained many of the reservations, a large number of spaces were reserved by persons and organizations outside the space community.
3761:
To commemorate 20 years of flight and 167 individual missions of the Get Away Special (GAS) Program, the Shuttle Small Payloads Project Office (Code 870) held an Open House on June 27, 2002 at the Goddard Visitor
810: 752:
systems. The container was a pressure vessel that could be evacuated before or during launch, or on orbit, and could be re-pressurized during re-entry, or on orbit, as required by the experimenter.
797:. Included in the canister as part of the experiment were four original oil paintings by Kurtz, and other artistic materials, in order to evaluate the effects of spaceflight on fine art materials. 4948: 3824:
Terrestrial and Atmospheric Multispectral Explorer (TAMSE) - An Interdisciplinary Payload to Perform Space Based Remote Sensing and to Measure Microgravity and Radiation Effects.
126: 223:, and announced in the fall of 1976. The "Getaway Special" nickname originated from a special vacation fare for flights between Los Angeles and Honolulu being advertised by 268:
higher priority payloads. With payload and program limits set on the remaining Shuttle missions until the expected STS close-out in 2010, the GAS program was eliminated.
712:
The cost of this unique service depended on the size and weight of the experiment. Getaway specials of 200 pounds (91 kg) and 5 cubic feet (0.14 m) cost
4252: 3241:
Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite for Heuristic International Networking Experiment (STARSHINE), Rocky Mountain NASA Space Grant Consortium/USU
2716:
Distribution and Automation Technology Advancement - Colorado Hitchhiker And Student Experiment of solar Radiation (DATA-CHASER), University of Colorado
3867: 745: 759:. The aluminum bridge fit across the payload bay of the orbiter and offered a convenient and economic way of flying several GAS canisters. 744:
inch (16 mm) thick aluminum. The bottom 3 inches (76 mm) of the container were reserved for NASA interface equipment, such as
4912: 4365: 4953: 4609: 4991: 4461: 180:. Over the 20-year history of the program, over 170 individual missions were flown. The program, which was officially known as the 4451: 4245: 4240: 4112: 4036: 4805: 4720: 4235: 86: 4847: 4409: 4267: 4436: 58: 4938: 3842: 4933: 4826: 4257: 3806: 5021: 4304: 4087: 65: 5056: 4943: 4389: 3826: 105: 3740: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3934: 39: 3794: 5189: 4571: 4402: 4309: 4292: 245: 185: 72: 5184: 5036: 4881: 4287: 4219: 4061: 43: 5016: 4698: 4566: 696: 54: 5041: 4792: 4693: 4535: 4530: 3864: 790:
Ellery Kurtz, artist, and Howard Wishnow, Project Coordinator. An art conservation experiment on board the
5026: 4893: 4715: 4499: 4446: 4299: 4092: 4066: 4029: 665: 5051: 5046: 5001: 4833: 4675: 4373: 4102: 4768: 4545: 4468: 4345: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4204: 695:
There were no stringent requirements to qualify for participation in the GAS program. However, each
4725: 4576: 4504: 4456: 4396: 4355: 4262: 4149: 4135: 4117: 2866:
Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientifico-A (SAC-A), Argentinean National Commission of Space Activities
664:
500. Approved requests were assigned an identification number and referred to the GAS team at the
4928: 4784: 4614: 4591: 4509: 4170: 4156: 4107: 685: 32: 5179: 5031: 5011: 4752: 4163: 4142: 4022: 791: 240: 4812: 4799: 4710: 4127: 4082: 4045: 705: 691:
cargo bay. This image is from STS-91. The front of the Shuttle is to the left of the picture.
235: 79: 4819: 4736: 4705: 4581: 3924: 3890: 713: 661: 224: 8: 5112: 4839: 4654: 4561: 4426: 755:
The getaway bridge, which was capable of holding 12 canisters, made its maiden flight on
669: 257: 4209: 3919: 3894: 5006: 4996: 4874: 4744: 4514: 4441: 4431: 3714: 3706: 1577: 749: 733: 5142: 5122: 4971: 4907: 4540: 729: 653: 3774: 5127: 5107: 4859: 4760: 4649: 3943: 3906: 3898: 3123:
Ultraviolet Spectrograph Telescope for Astronomical Research (UVSTAR), U of AZ/ESA
2708:
Ultraviolet Spectrograph Telescope for Astronomical Research (UVSTAR), U of AZ/ESA
2261:
Ultraviolet Spectrograph Telescope for Astronomical Research (UVSTAR), U of AZ/ESA
657: 172:
program that offered interested individuals, or groups, opportunities to fly small
2509:
Passive Aerodynamically-Stabilized Magnetically-Damped Satellite (PAMS), NASA GSFC
4976: 4624: 4604: 3871: 3830: 3775:"NASA's Get Away Special Program: Twenty Years and No Sign of Running out of GAS" 3523:
Solar Constant Experiment (SOLCON-03), Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
260:
package, which carried six different experiments. Much of the data was lost when
220: 216: 3846: 3843:"Space Shuttle Payloads Project: Hitchhiker Carrier System: Hitchhiker Missions" 3134:
Solar Constant Experiment (SOLCON-02), Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
5147: 5082: 4599: 3929: 782: 2300: 1417:
Spacecraft Kinetic Infrared Test (SKIRT)-Circular Variable Filter(CVF) / GLOS
5173: 4986: 4949:
Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V)
4867: 4776: 4730: 4056: 3878: 3810: 3720: 177: 3911: 5137: 5132: 5117: 2460:
Photogrammetric Appendage Structural Dynamics Experiment Payload (PASDE-01)
3823: 5152: 3748: 2065:
Experimental Investigation of Spacecraft Glow (EISG), NASA JSC/NASA GSFC
4014: 252:
on February 1, 2003. The last Getaway Special, which was carried aboard
5088:
Christyl Johnson (Deputy Director, Technology and Research Investments)
173: 3954:
Flight planning annex. Get Away Special (GAS) flight test payload 1979
4619: 3902: 3521:
Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment (MEIDEX), Israeli Space Agency
2661:
Solar Constant (SOLCON-1), Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
2068:
Solar Array Module Plasma Interaction Experiment (SAMPIE), NASA LeRC
1409: 680: 200: 21: 4489: 4214: 4196: 4188: 3935:
The Transportation of Fine Arts Materials Aboard the Space Shuttle
756: 737: 721: 244:
during STS-4 in June/July 1982. The program was canceled after the
2119: 2048: 4637: 4473: 3879:"Get Away Special (GAS) educational applications of space flight" 2506:
Liquid Metal Thermal Experiment (LMTE), USAF Phillips Laboratory
264:
was destroyed, but some data was transmitted during the mission.
253: 231: 3301:
Wide-band Shuttle Vibration Force Measurement (WSVFM), NASA JPL
3131:
Petite Amateur Navy Satellite (PANSAT), USAF Space Test Program
4642: 4632: 2630:
Cryogenic Flexible Diode (CRYOFD), NASA GSFC/USAF Phillips Lab
2087: 725: 205: 3558:
STARSHINE-2, Rocky Mountain NASA Space Grant Consortium / USU
1397: 4659: 4097: 2804:
Shuttle Ozone Limb Sounding Experiment (SOLSE-01), NASA GSFC
2104:
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration System-II (ODERACS-II), USAF
1562: 775: 769: 3526:
Shuttle Ozone Limb Sounding Experiment (SOLSE-2), NASA GSFC
2071:
Spacecraft Kinetic Infrared Test (SKIRT), NASA JSC/NASA GSFC
1942:
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS-1R), USAF
1794: 1319: 230:
The first Getaway Special was purchased by Gilbert Moore of
4890: 2710:
Shuttle Glow Experiment-5 & 6 (GLO-5 & 6), U of AZ
701: 645: 212: 169: 125: 3717:- program run by the same office as the GAS Program (SSPP) 3532:
Low Power Transceiver (LPT), NASA GSFC and ITT Industries
2059:
Cryogenic Two Phase (CRYOTP), NASA GSFC/USAF Phillips Lab
644:
To assure that diverse groups would have access to space,
3944:
Remarks at the funeral of NASA's Get Away Special Program
3561:
Prototype Synchrotron Radiation Detector (PSRD), NASA JSC
1404: 1364: 2503:
GPS Attitude and Navigation Experiment (GANE), NASA/JSC
1750: 3959:
Payload data package annex. Get Away Special (GAS) 1979
2652:
Infrared Spectral Imaging Radiometer (ISIR), NASA GSFC
3582:
Collisions Into Dust Experiment (COLLIDE-2), NASA GRC
3381:
Advance Carrier Equipment (ACE) SimpleSat, NASA/GSFC
1772: 1708:
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS-1)
4889: 3969:
Get Away Special: Experimenter's Symposium 1984) PDF
3696: 3556:
CAPL-3, NASA GSFC and the Naval Research Laboratory
3103:
Cryogenic Thermal Storage Unit (CRYOTSU), NASA GSFC
2252: 732:. The bottom and sides of the container were always 3989:
Get Away Special: Experimenter's Symposium 1988 PDF
3984:
Get Away Special: Experimenter's Symposium 1987 PDF
3979:
Get Away Special: Experimenter's Symposium 1986 PDF
3974:
Get Away Special: Experimenter's Symposium 1985 PDF
3949:
Crew compartment annex: Get Away Special (GAS) 1979
2286:Complex Autonomous Payload (CONCAP IV-03), U of AL 2128:Robot Operated Materials Processing System (ROMPS) 1412: 1400: 46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2667:COOLLAR Flight Experiment (CFE), USAF Phillips Lab 2501:Vented Tank Resupply Experiment (VTRE), NASA/LeRC 1728: 1342: 1968:BREMAN Satellite (BREMSAT), University of Bremen 1421: 5171: 3125:Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (SEH), USC 2713:Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (SEH), USC 2655:Critical Viscosity of Xenon (CVX-01), NASA LeRC 1236:Particle Analysis Cameras for the Shuttle (PACS) 4992:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRS) 2438:Shuttle Laser Altimeter-01 (SLA-01), NASA/GSFC 2374:Shuttle Laser Altimeter-01 (SLA-01), NASA/GSFC 1913:GAS Bridge Assembly-6 with Hitchhiker Avionics 1660: 1425: 4452:Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) 3529:Critical Viscosity of Xenon (CVX-2), NASA GRC 2783:Sodium Surface Battery Experiment (NaSBE), NRL 1420:Ultraviolet Limb Imaging Experiment (UVLIMB), 4875: 4030: 2062:Emulsion Chamber Technology (ECT), NASA MSFC 1802:Super Fluid Helium On Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) 1328:Shuttle Solar Background Ultraviolet (SSBUV) 762: 227:at the time around the program's conception. 204:Two Getaway Special (GAS) canisters, used on 3221:Shuttle Vibration Forces (SVF-02), NASA JPL 2658:Space Experiment Module (SEM-02), NASA GSFC 2650:Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA-02), NASA GSFC 4939:Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) 3807:"Gas Away Special - Historical Information" 2781:Loop Heat Pipe Experiment (LHP), Dynatherm 2263:Shuttle Glow Experiment-3 (GLO-3), U of AZ 806: 787:STS-61-C - 1986: Vertical Horizons (G-481) 4934:Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) 4882: 4868: 4037: 4023: 3876: 2308:Capillary Pumped Loop (CAPL-2), NASA/GSFC 1387: 124: 5091:Ray Rubilotta (Associate Center Director) 5022:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) 4610:Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle 4044: 4009:The 1999 Shuttle Small Payloads Symposium 4004:The 1995 Shuttle Small Payloads Symposium 3999:The 1993 Shuttle Small Payloads Symposium 3994:The 1992 Shuttle Small Payloads Symposium 3964:Get Away Special: The First Ten Years PDF 3910: 3747:. NASA GSFC. June 4, 2004. Archived from 2979:Shuttle Vibration Forces (SVF), NASA JPL 1373:Multi-Purpose Experiment Canister (MPEC) 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 1916:Capillary Pumped Loop (CAPL), NASA GSFC 1710:Cryogenic Heat Pipe Experiment (CRYOHP) 1396:Advanced Liquid Feed Experiment (ALFE), 778:Cosmic Radiation Effects on Floppy Disks 679: 199: 2265:Solar Extreme Ultraviolet HH (SEH), USC 5172: 4806:Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation 3180:SEM-attached to SPARTAN 201-05 Bridge 2057:Thermal Energy Storage (TES-1, TES-2) 182:Small, Self-Contained Payloads program 4863: 4848:When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions 4018: 2096:Cryo System Experiment (CSE), Hughes 5017:Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) 3767: 720:The GAS container provided internal 652:GAS requests were first approved at 234:on October 12, 1976, and donated to 44:adding citations to reliable sources 15: 4827:Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space 1350:Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) 740:, and the circular end plates are ⁄ 684:GAS canisters shown mounted in the 13: 5042:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) 5027:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) 3920:First Flight: the Get Away Special 3857: 3083:Cryogenic Flexible Diode (CRYOFD) 724:, which could be varied from near 14: 5201: 5057:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 5052:James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 5002:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) 4944:Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility 1736:Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS) 717:experimenter's weight allowance. 5047:Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) 3699: 2664:Two-Phase Flow (TPF), NASA GSFC 2458:Shuttle Glow Experiment (GLO-4) 20: 4954:Spacecraft Fabrication Facility 4572:Spartan Packet Radio Experiment 3741:"Get Away Special - What's New" 2864:MightySat-1, USAF Phillips Lab 1408:Data Systems Experiment (DSE), 675: 31:needs additional citations for 5037:Goddard Earth Observing System 4841:Orbiter Space Flight Simulator 4220:Multi-Purpose Logistics Module 3883:IEEE Transactions on Education 3835: 3817: 3799: 3788: 3733: 2098:Shuttle Glow (GLO-2), U of AZ 1668:Attitude Sensor Package (ASP) 1253:GAS Bridge Assembly-1 (GBA-1) 158:Shuttle Small Payloads Project 1: 5079:Dennis J. Andrucyk (Director) 4929:Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) 4796:(2020 documentary miniseries) 4567:Inflatable Antenna Experiment 3726: 2101:IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) 802:STS-91 - June 2, 1998 (G-743) 639: 211:The program was conceived by 184:, was canceled following the 5012:Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 4793:Challenger: The Final Flight 4694:Space Shuttle design process 4536:Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit 4531:Extravehicular Mobility Unit 3845:. NASA. 2003. Archived from 3745:Gas Away Special - NASA GSFC 280:Cans Flown (Shuttle Flight) 7: 4894:Goddard Space Flight Center 4716:International Space Station 4500:Journalist in Space Project 4447:Orbiter Processing Facility 3692: 666:Goddard Space Flight Center 10: 5206: 4834:Space Shuttle Mission 2007 4374:Approach and Landing Tests 4103:Orbital Maneuvering System 3686:Reference for this table: 1284:GAS Bridge Assembly (GBA) 763:Example of GAS experiments 195: 5098: 5072: 5065: 4962: 4921: 4900: 4769:Columbia: The Tragic Loss 4686: 4668: 4590: 4554: 4546:Advanced Crew Escape Suit 4523: 4482: 4469:Shuttle Training Aircraft 4419: 4382: 4338: 4330:Shuttle Training Aircraft 4325:Shuttle Mission Simulator 4320:Rendezvous pitch maneuver 4278: 4228: 4210:Remote Controlled Orbiter 4205:Extended Duration Orbiter 4181: 4126: 4113:Thermal protection system 4075: 4052: 3877:Gerondakis, G.G. (1991). 1238:Capillary Pump Loop (CPL) 833: 823: 629: 612: 595: 578: 564: 547: 530: 513: 496: 479: 462: 445: 428: 414: 397: 383: 369: 352: 335: 318: 301: 284: 279: 276: 156: 152: 144: 136: 132: 123: 5085:(Deputy Center Director) 4577:Shuttle pallet satellite 4505:Teacher in Space Project 4457:Shuttle Carrier Aircraft 4437:Mobile Launcher Platform 4263:Shuttle Landing Facility 4118:Booster separation motor 838: 828: 818: 813: 807:Full list of experiments 4785:The Challenger Disaster 4108:Reaction control system 3865:GETAWAY SPECIAL PROGRAM 5190:University of Michigan 5032:NASA Earth Observatory 4253:Space Launch Complex 6 692: 208: 119:Get Away Special (GAS) 5185:Space Shuttle program 4813:Space Shuttle Project 4800:Space Shuttle America 4711:Payload Assist Module 4368:(engine test article) 4046:Space Shuttle program 3939:, GAS Payload 481 PDF 3627:GBA with HH Avionics 3605:GBA with HH Avionics 3585:GBA with HH Avionics 3565:GBA with HH Avionics 3461:Beam for Contingency 3358:Beam - Contingency I 706:Space Shuttle program 683: 344:(STS-51-D/B/G/61-A/B) 236:Utah State University 203: 192:on February 1, 2003. 4706:Inertial Upper Stage 4582:Wake Shield Facility 4562:Freestar experiments 4088:Solid Rocket Booster 3930:Space Flight Dolphin 1713:Shuttle Glow (GLO-1) 556:(STS-88/89/90/91/95) 225:Trans World Airlines 40:improve this article 5113:Robert Bindschadler 4655:Space Launch System 4427:Crawler-transporter 4268:Abort landing sites 3895:1991ITEdu..34....5G 3128:STAR-LITE, U of AZ 2003:GBA w/ HH Avionics 1971:GBA w/ HH Avionics 1945:GBA w/ HH Avionics 1919:GBA w/ HH Avionics 750:pressure regulating 734:thermally insulated 670:Greenbelt, Maryland 273: 258:Freestar experiment 120: 5099:Notable scientists 5007:Near Earth Network 4997:Hitchhiker Program 4780:(2010 documentary) 4772:(2004 documentary) 4764:(1994 documentary) 4748:(1985 documentary) 4745:The Dream Is Alive 4740:(1982 documentary) 4442:NASA recovery ship 4432:Mate-Demate Device 3870:2012-09-18 at the 3849:on 5 January 2005. 3829:2009-04-10 at the 3715:Hitchhiker Program 3707:Spaceflight portal 3458:Beam - Bay 4 Port 1431:Hitchhiker Bridge 1242:Hitchhiker Bridge 693: 272:GAS Cans Per Year 271: 238:. It was flown on 209: 118: 5165: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5143:Lissette Martinez 5123:Gene Carl Feldman 4972:Explorers Program 4908:Robert H. Goddard 4857: 4856: 4541:Launch Entry Suit 4369: 4361: 4351: 4296: 4236:Launch Complex 39 4201: 4193: 3681: 3680: 2775:LHP/NaSBE (LNBP) 654:NASA Headquarters 637: 636: 604:(STS-102/105/108) 163: 162: 116: 115: 108: 90: 55:"Getaway Special" 5197: 5128:Orlando Figueroa 5108:David Louis Band 5070: 5069: 4963:Notable missions 4884: 4877: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4761:Destiny in Space 4367: 4359: 4349: 4305:Mission timeline 4290: 4199: 4191: 4062:List of missions 4039: 4032: 4025: 4016: 4015: 3916: 3914: 3912:2060/19890009950 3903:10.1109/13.79871 3851: 3850: 3839: 3833: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3813:on June 4, 2004. 3809:. Archived from 3803: 3797: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3737: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3702: 2302: 2254: 2121: 2089: 2050: 1796: 1774: 1752: 1730: 1662: 1579: 1564: 1427: 1423: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1389: 1366: 1344: 1321: 1233:Hitchhiker (HH) 811: 746:command decoders 658:Washington, D.C. 624: 623: 622: 607: 606: 605: 590: 589: 588: 573: 572: 559: 558: 557: 542: 541: 540: 525: 524: 523: 508: 507: 506: 491: 490: 489: 474: 473: 472: 457: 456: 455: 440: 439: 438: 423: 422: 409: 408: 407: 392: 391: 378: 377: 364: 363: 362: 347: 346: 345: 330: 329: 328: 313: 312: 311: 296: 295: 294: 274: 270: 128: 121: 117: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 48: 24: 16: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5157: 5100: 5094: 5061: 4982:Getaway Special 4977:Landsat program 4964: 4958: 4917: 4896: 4888: 4858: 4853: 4699:studied designs 4682: 4664: 4625:Shuttle-Centaur 4586: 4550: 4519: 4495:Getaway Special 4478: 4415: 4378: 4334: 4280: 4274: 4224: 4177: 4122: 4071: 4048: 4043: 4013: 3872:Wayback Machine 3860: 3858:Further reading 3855: 3854: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3831:Wayback Machine 3822: 3818: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3754: 3752: 3751:on June 4, 2004 3739: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3673: 3665: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3623: 3200: 3192: 3156: 3062: 3054: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3006: 3004: 2996: 2994: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2740: 2732: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2417: 2415: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2264: 2237: 2235: 2227: 2225: 2209: 2201: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1889: 1887: 1879: 1877: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1645: 1637: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1304: 1296: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1135: 1127: 1111: 1103: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1067: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1003: 1001: 999: 991: 989: 987: 971: 969: 967: 965: 963: 961: 953: 951: 949: 947: 945: 943: 927: 925: 917: 915: 842: 840: 835: 831:Classification 830: 825: 820: 815: 809: 765: 743: 678: 642: 625: 620: 618: 617: 608: 603: 601: 600: 591: 586: 584: 583: 574: 570: 569: 560: 555: 553: 552: 543: 538: 536: 535: 526: 521: 519: 518: 509: 504: 502: 501: 492: 487: 485: 484: 475: 470: 468: 467: 458: 453: 451: 450: 441: 436: 434: 433: 424: 420: 419: 410: 405: 403: 402: 393: 389: 388: 379: 375: 374: 365: 360: 358: 357: 348: 343: 341: 340: 331: 326: 324: 323: 314: 309: 307: 306: 297: 292: 290: 289: 217:Shuttle program 198: 166:Getaway Special 159: 112: 101: 95: 92: 49: 47: 37: 25: 12: 11: 5: 5203: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5148:John C. Mather 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5104: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083:Anne L. Kinney 5080: 5076: 5074: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4887: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4864: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4830: 4823: 4816: 4809: 4802: 4797: 4789: 4781: 4773: 4765: 4757: 4749: 4741: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4600:Saturn-Shuttle 4596: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4400: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4363: 4353: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4284: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4255: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4194: 4185: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4132: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4042: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4019: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3874: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3834: 3816: 3798: 3787: 3766: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3710: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3670: 3667: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3625: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3064: 3059: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3031: 3028: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3001: 2998: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2951: 2948: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2568: 2565: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2259: 2256: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2232: 2229: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2094: 2091: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2055: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2024: 2021: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1992: 1989: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1884: 1881: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1642: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1575: 1572: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1394: 1391: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1164: 1161: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1108: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1072: 1069: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1030: 1027: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1005: 996: 993: 984: 981: 977: 976: 973: 958: 955: 940: 937: 933: 932: 929: 922: 919: 912: 909: 905: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 885: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 865: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 845: 844: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 808: 805: 804: 803: 800: 799: 798: 792:Space Shuttle 785: 783:Project POSTAR 779: 772: 764: 761: 741: 686:Space Shuttle 677: 674: 641: 638: 635: 634: 631: 627: 626: 616: 614: 610: 609: 599: 597: 593: 592: 582: 580: 576: 575: 568: 566: 562: 561: 551: 549: 545: 544: 534: 532: 528: 527: 522:(STS-72/76/77) 517: 515: 511: 510: 505:(STS-67/68/69) 500: 498: 494: 493: 488:(STS-59/60/64) 483: 481: 477: 476: 466: 464: 460: 459: 454:(STS-42/45/47) 449: 447: 443: 442: 432: 430: 426: 425: 418: 416: 412: 411: 401: 399: 395: 394: 387: 385: 381: 380: 373: 371: 367: 366: 356: 354: 350: 349: 339: 337: 333: 332: 322: 320: 316: 315: 305: 303: 299: 298: 288: 286: 282: 281: 278: 246:Space Shuttle 197: 194: 186:Space Shuttle 161: 160: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130: 129: 114: 113: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5202: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5180:NASA programs 5178: 5177: 5175: 5168: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101:and engineers 5097: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4987:Space Network 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901:Main articles 4899: 4895: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4737:Hail Columbia 4734: 4732: 4731:Conroy Virtus 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4490:Deutschland-1 4488: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4277: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4258:Landing sites 4256: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4198: 4195: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4093:External tank 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4067:List of crews 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4057:Space Shuttle 4055: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3791: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3721:Space Shuttle 3719: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3697: 3685: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3677:Adapter Beam 3676: 3671: 3668: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3504:Adapter Beam 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3484:Adapter Beam 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3464:Adapter Beam 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3444:Adapter Beam 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3424:Adapter Beam 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3404:Adapter Beam 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3384:Adapter Beam 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3364:Adapter Beam 3363: 3361:Beam - Bay 4 3360: 3357: 3355:Beam - Bay 4 3354: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3344:Adapter Beam 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3324:Adapter Beam 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3304:Adapter Beam 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3284:Adapter Beam 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3264:Adapter Beam 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3244:Adapter Beam 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3224:Adapter Beam 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3204:Adapter Beam 3203: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3106:Adapter Beam 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3086:Adapter Beam 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3066:Adapter Beam 3065: 3060: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3042:Adapter Beam 3041: 3032: 3029: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3010:Adapter Beam 3009: 3002: 2999: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2982:Adapter Beam 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2962:Adapter Beam 2961: 2952: 2949: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2930:Adapter Beam 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2910:Adapter Beam 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2890:Adapter Beam 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2870:Adapter Beam 2869: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2847:Adapter Beam 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2827:Adapter Beam 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2807:Adapter Beam 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2787:Adapter Beam 2786: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2764:Adapter Beam 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2744:Adapter Beam 2743: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2633:Adapter Beam 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2613:Adapter Beam 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2569: 2566: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2484:Adapter Beam 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2464:Adapter Beam 2463: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2241:Adapter Beam 2240: 2233: 2230: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2213:Adapter Beam 2212: 2207: 2204: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2189:Adapter Beam 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2131:Adapter Beam 2130: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2037:Adapter Beam 2036: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893:Adapter Beam 1892: 1885: 1882: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1865:Adapter Beam 1864: 1862:CONCAP IV-02 1861: 1858: 1856:CONCAP IV-02 1855: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1805:Adapter Beam 1804: 1801: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1783:Adapter Beam 1782: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1761:Adapter Beam 1760: 1757: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1739:Adapter Beam 1738: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1717:Adapter Beam 1716: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1691:Adapter Beam 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1671:Adapter Beam 1670: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1649:Adapter Beam 1648: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1625:Adapter Beam 1624: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1589:Adapter Beam 1588: 1586: 1583: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1570:CONCAP III-01 1568: 1567:CONCAP II-01 1561: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551:Adapter Beam 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1531:Adapter Beam 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1428: 1418: 1415: 1395: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1376:Adapter Beam 1375: 1372: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1353:Adapter Beam 1352: 1349: 1346: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1331:Adapter Beam 1330: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1308:Adapter Beam 1307: 1302: 1299: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1219:Adapter Beam 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199:Adapter Beam 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1179:Adapter Beam 1178: 1165: 1162: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1139:Adapter Beam 1138: 1133: 1130: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1115:Adapter Beam 1114: 1109: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1091:Adapter Beam 1090: 1073: 1070: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1043:Adapter Beam 1042: 1031: 1028: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007:Adapter Beam 1006: 997: 994: 985: 982: 979: 978: 975:Adapter Beam 974: 959: 956: 941: 938: 935: 934: 931:Adapter Beam 930: 923: 920: 913: 910: 907: 906: 903:Adapter Beam 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 886: 883:Adapter Beam 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 867: 866: 863:Adapter Beam 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 846: 812: 801: 796: 795: 789: 788: 786: 784: 780: 777: 773: 771: 767: 766: 760: 758: 753: 751: 747: 739: 735: 731: 728:to about one 727: 723: 718: 715: 710: 707: 703: 698: 690: 689: 682: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 650: 647: 632: 628: 615: 611: 598: 594: 581: 577: 567: 563: 550: 546: 533: 529: 516: 512: 499: 495: 482: 478: 465: 461: 448: 444: 431: 427: 417: 413: 400: 396: 386: 382: 372: 368: 355: 351: 338: 334: 321: 317: 304: 300: 287: 283: 275: 269: 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 249: 243: 242: 237: 233: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 207: 202: 193: 191: 189: 183: 179: 178:Space Shuttle 175: 171: 167: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 110: 107: 99: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: –  56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 41: 35: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 5167: 5138:Marc Kuchner 5133:James Hansen 5118:Fred Espenak 4981: 4965:and programs 4913:GSFC History 4846: 4840: 4832: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4804: 4791: 4783: 4775: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4743: 4735: 4677:Independence 4676: 4494: 4403: 4390: 4356: 4346: 4281:and training 4171: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4136: 3936: 3886: 3882: 3847:the original 3837: 3819: 3811:the original 3801: 3790: 3778:. Retrieved 3769: 3760: 3753:. Retrieved 3749:the original 3744: 3735: 3653:LMC Carrier 3641:LMC Carrier 3560: 3557: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 2865: 2858:MIGHTYSAT-1 2782: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2459: 2262: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2018: 2015: 1986: 1983: 1960: 1957: 1934: 1931: 1908: 1905: 1822:CONCAP-IV-01 1712: 1709: 1584: 1581: 1569: 1566: 1419: 1416: 1407: 1237: 793: 754: 719: 711: 694: 687: 676:Requirements 651: 643: 266: 261: 247: 239: 229: 221:John Yardley 210: 187: 181: 165: 164: 137:Mission type 102: 93: 83: 76: 69: 62: 50: 38:Please help 33:verification 30: 5153:Nancy Roman 4788:(2013 film) 4756:(1990 film) 4592:Derivatives 4555:Experiments 4524:Space suits 4510:Shuttle-Mir 4360:(simulator) 4347:Inspiration 4315:Abort modes 4098:Main engine 3889:(1): 5–10. 834:Experiment 539:(STS-85/87) 406:(STS-28/34) 327:(STS-41B/G) 310:(STS-6/7/8) 176:aboard the 174:experiments 5174:Categories 5073:Leadership 4922:Facilities 4753:Challenger 4726:Retirement 4515:Hitchhiker 4391:Challenger 4357:Pathfinder 4279:Operations 4151:Challenger 4137:Enterprise 4076:Components 3780:August 21, 3727:References 3539:HH Bridge 3235:STARSHINE 3160:HH Bridge 3138:HH Bridge 2720:HH Bridge 2691:HH Bridge 2671:HH Bridge 2513:HH Bridge 2441:HH Bridge 2421:HH Bridge 2397:HH Bridge 2377:HH Bridge 2289:HH Bridge 2269:HH Bridge 2108:HH Bridge 2075:HH Bridge 1984:ODERACS-1R 1958:ODERACS-1R 1932:ODERACS-1R 1906:ODERACS-1R 1250:24 (61-C) 1227:24 (61-C) 1207:23 (61-B) 1187:22 (61-A) 1147:18 (51-G) 1123:17 (51-B) 1120:04/29//85 1099:16 (51-D) 1051:13 (41-G) 1015:10 (41-B) 730:atmosphere 640:Allocation 361:(STS-61-C) 256:, was the 96:March 2010 66:newspapers 4721:Criticism 4620:Shuttle-C 4383:Disasters 4310:Rollbacks 4172:Endeavour 4158:Discovery 3925:ENDEAVOUR 3658:12/05/01 3632:12/05/01 3610:12/05/01 3590:12/05/01 3570:12/05/01 3544:12/05/01 3515:FREESTAR 3509:11/29/02 3489:09/08/00 3469:09/08/00 3449:08/10/01 3429:08/10/01 3409:08/10/01 3389:08/10/01 3369:08/10/01 3349:03/08/01 3329:03/08/01 3309:03/08/01 3289:03/08/01 3269:05/19/00 3249:05/19/00 3229:05/27/99 3209:05/27/99 3185:10/29/98 3165:10/29/98 3143:10/29/98 3111:10/29/98 3091:10/29/98 3071:07/01/97 3047:06/02/98 3015:06/02/98 2987:04/17/98 2967:04/17/98 2935:01/22/98 2915:12/04/98 2895:12/04/98 2887:JSC APFR 2881:JSC APFR 2875:12/04/98 2852:12/04/98 2832:11/19/97 2812:11/19/97 2798:SOLSE-01 2792:11/19/97 2769:11/19/97 2749:19/25/97 2725:08/07/97 2696:08/07/97 2676:08/07/97 2638:08/07/97 2618:04/04/97 2598:11/19/96 2538:05/19/96 2518:05/19/96 2489:05/19/96 2469:03/22/96 2446:11/12/95 2426:01/11/96 2402:01/11/96 2382:01/11/96 2362:01/11/96 2352:G-702/SRE 2350:G-645/SRE 2342:CAPL/GBA 2336:09/07/95 2322:CAPL/GBA 2316:09/07/95 2294:09/07/95 2274:09/07/95 2246:09/07/95 2218:09/30/94 2194:03/02/95 2186:ESCAPE-2 2180:ESCAPE-2 2174:11/03/94 2136:09/09/94 2113:09/09/94 2080:02/03/95 2042:03/04/94 2008:03/04/94 1976:02/03/94 1950:02/03/94 1924:02/03/94 1898:02/03/94 1870:04/09/94 1850:04/09/94 1810:06/21/93 1788:06/21/93 1766:04/08/93 1744:04/26/93 1722:01/13/93 1696:12/02/92 1676:10/22/92 1654:10/22/92 1630:11/12/93 1594:09/12/92 1556:07/31/92 1536:03/24/92 1516:08/02/91 1478:01/22/92 1436:06/05/91 1381:04/28/91 1358:04/28/91 1336:12/02/90 1313:10/18/89 1289:08/08/89 1247:01/12/86 1224:01/12/86 1204:11/26/85 1184:10/30/85 1144:06/17/85 1096:04/12/85 1048:10/05/84 1012:02/03/84 980:08/30/83 936:06/18/83 908:04/04/83 888:11/11/82 868:06/27/82 848:03/22/82 843:Hardware 781:STS-47 - 774:STS-40 - 688:Discovery 621:(STS-107) 587:(STS-106) 293:(STS-4/5) 4669:Replicas 4406:disaster 4404:Columbia 4393:disaster 4350:(design) 4293:canceled 4288:Missions 4215:Spacehab 4197:Canadarm 4189:Spacelab 4165:Atlantis 4144:Columbia 4128:Orbiters 3937:Columbia 3868:Archived 3827:Archived 3795:NASA.gov 3755:June 15, 3693:See also 3097:CRYOTSU 2761:SEEDSII 2755:SEEDSII 2530:TPCE-RF 2524:TPCE-RF 2301:CAPL/GBA 1688:TPCE-01 1682:TPCE-01 1646:LDCE-05 1638:LDCE-05 1582:LDCE-02 1528:TPCE-01 1522:TPCE-01 860:GAS FVP 854:GAS FVP 841:Carrier 839:Payload 829:Payload 824:Payload 794:Columbia 768:STS-7 - 757:STS-61-C 738:aluminum 722:pressure 471:(STS-57) 437:(STS-40) 262:Columbia 250:disaster 248:Columbia 241:Columbia 219:manager 190:disaster 188:Columbia 145:Operator 4820:Shuttle 4687:Related 4650:Liberty 4615:Jupiter 4483:Special 4474:STS-3xx 4462:flights 4420:Support 4339:Testing 4182:Add-ons 4083:Orbiter 3891:Bibcode 3762:Center. 3624:SEM-15 3616:MACH-1 3596:MACH-1 3576:MACH-1 3550:MACH-1 3501:SEM-08 3495:SEM-08 3421:SEM-10 3341:SEM-09 3335:SEM-09 3281:SEM-06 3275:SEM-06 3215:SVF-02 3177:SEM-04 3171:SEM-04 3077:CRYOFD 3063:SEM-05 3055:SEM-05 2973:SVF-01 2927:SEM-07 2921:SEM-07 2907:G-093R 2901:G-093R 2688:SEM-02 2682:TAS-01 2644:TAS-01 2624:CRYOFD 2610:SEM-01 2604:SEM-01 2432:SLA-01 2408:SLA-01 2388:SLA-01 2368:SLA-01 2283:HH-Jr. 2088:ODERACS 2033:LDCE-08 2029:LDCE-07 2026:LDCE-06 2019:LDCE-08 2016:LDCE-07 2014:LDCE-06 1987:BREMSAT 1982:COB/GBA 1961:BREMSAT 1956:COB/GBA 1935:BREMSAT 1930:COB/GBA 1909:BREMSAT 1904:COB/GBA 1644:LDCE-04 1636:LDCE-04 1585:LDCE-03 821:Number 814:Launch 700:space. 697:payload 254:STS-107 232:Thiokol 196:History 140:Various 80:scholar 5066:People 4777:Hubble 4605:Magnum 4410:report 4397:report 3674:G-775 3666:G-775 3650:G-785 3644:SEM-12 3622:SEM-11 3602:G-761 3535:SEM-14 3481:G-782 3475:G-782 3441:G-780 3435:G-780 3401:G-774 3321:G-783 3315:G-783 3295:WSVFM 3201:G-779 3193:G-779 3157:G-764 3149:IEH-3 3117:IEH-3 3061:SEM-03 3053:SEM-03 3039:G-765 3027:G-765 3007:G-772 2997:G-772 2959:G-432 2947:G-432 2844:G-036 2838:G-036 2801:HH-Jr 2741:G-745 2733:G-745 2702:IEH-2 2590:G-741 2564:G-741 2495:TEAMS 2481:G-312 2475:G-312 2418:G-740 2394:TES-2 2354:G-726 2328:TES-2 2280:IEH-1 2238:G-541 2228:G-541 2210:G-388 2202:G-388 2166:G-562 2142:GBA-7 2000:G-557 1890:G-458 1880:G-458 1842:G-647 1816:GBA-5 1622:G-613 1600:GBA-4 1565:IV-03 1563:CONCAP 1548:G-229 1542:G-229 1508:G-614 1484:GBA-3 1470:G-616 1442:GBA-2 1305:G-341 1297:G-341 1281:G-494 1230:HHG-1 1216:G-479 1210:G-479 1196:G-308 1190:G-308 1176:G-471 1160:G-471 1136:G-308 1128:G-308 1112:G-471 1104:G-471 1088:G-518 1068:G-518 1040:G-349 1026:G-349 1004:G-475 992:G-475 972:G-345 954:G-345 928:G-381 918:G-381 900:G-026 894:G-026 880:G-001 874:G-001 726:vacuum 206:STS-91 168:was a 82:  75:  68:  61:  53:  4660:OmegA 4629:Ares 4366:MPTA 4300:Crews 4229:Sites 4200:(CSA) 4192:(ESA) 3672:G-221 3664:G-221 3648:G-730 3646:G-064 3455:HEAT 3415:HEAT 3395:HEAT 3375:HEAT 3261:MARS 3255:MARS 3199:G-467 3191:G-467 3155:G-238 3037:G-743 3035:G-648 3033:G-090 3025:G-743 3023:G-648 3021:G-090 3005:G-744 3003:G-197 2995:G-744 2993:G-197 2957:G-145 2955:G-141 2953:G-093 2945:G-145 2943:G-141 2941:G-093 2824:TGDF 2818:TGDF 2739:G-572 2731:G-572 2588:G-703 2586:G-565 2584:G-564 2582:G-490 2580:G-200 2578:G-163 2576:G-144 2574:G-142 2572:G-063 2570:G-056 2562:G-703 2560:G-565 2558:G-564 2556:G-490 2554:G-200 2552:G-163 2550:G-144 2548:G-142 2546:G-063 2544:G-056 2416:G-459 2414:G-342 2348:G-515 2236:G-503 2234:G-316 2226:G-503 2224:G-316 2208:G-387 2200:G-387 2164:G-506 2162:G-485 2160:G-456 2158:G-454 2156:G-453 2154:G-417 2152:G-325 2150:G-254 2148:G-178 2120:ROMPS 1998:G-536 1996:G-514 1994:G-071 1888:G-300 1886:G-203 1878:G-300 1876:G-203 1840:G-601 1838:G-535 1836:G-454 1834:G-453 1832:G-452 1830:G-450 1828:G-399 1826:G-324 1824:G-022 1795:SHOOT 1780:SUVE 1758:RKGM 1620:G-534 1618:G-521 1616:G-520 1614:G-482 1612:G-330 1610:G-300 1608:G-255 1606:G-102 1506:G-610 1504:G-609 1502:G-457 1500:G-337 1498:G-336 1496:G-329 1494:G-143 1492:G-140 1490:G-086 1468:G-507 1466:G-486 1464:G-455 1462:G-451 1460:G-408 1458:G-405 1456:G-286 1454:G-105 1452:G-091 1450:G-052 1448:G-021 1343:BBXRT 1320:SSBUV 1303:G-335 1295:G-335 1279:G-481 1277:G-470 1275:G-464 1273:G-463 1271:G-462 1269:G-449 1267:G-446 1265:G-332 1263:G-310 1261:G-062 1259:G-007 1174:G-314 1172:G-034 1170:G-028 1168:G-027 1166:G-025 1158:G-314 1156:G-034 1154:G-028 1152:G-027 1150:G-025 1134:G-010 1126:G-010 1110:G-035 1102:G-035 1086:G-469 1084:G-306 1082:G-074 1080:G-038 1078:G-032 1076:G-013 1074:G-007 1066:G-469 1064:G-306 1062:G-074 1060:G-038 1058:G-032 1056:G-013 1054:G-007 1038:G-309 1036:G-051 1034:G-008 1032:G-004 1024:G-309 1022:G-051 1020:G-008 1018:G-004 1002:G-348 1000:G-347 998:G-346 990:G-348 988:G-347 986:G-346 970:G-305 968:G-033 966:G-012 964:G-009 962:G-088 960:G-002 952:G-305 950:G-033 948:G-012 946:G-009 944:G-088 942:G-002 926:G-049 924:G-005 916:G-049 914:G-005 836:Name 826:Name 816:Date 776:G-616 770:Pugas 630:Total 613:2003 596:2001 579:2000 565:1999 548:1998 531:1997 514:1996 497:1995 480:1994 463:1993 446:1992 429:1991 415:1990 398:1989 384:1988 370:1987 353:1986 336:1985 319:1984 302:1983 285:1982 277:Year 87:JSTOR 73:books 4891:NASA 3782:2019 3757:2016 3669:GAS 3661:108 3638:LMC 3635:108 3619:SEM 3613:108 3599:GAS 3593:108 3579:CAP 3573:108 3547:108 3512:107 3498:SEM 3492:106 3478:GAS 3472:106 3452:105 3438:GAS 3432:105 3418:SEM 3412:105 3398:GAS 3392:105 3372:105 3352:102 3338:SEM 3332:102 3318:GAS 3312:102 3298:CAP 3292:102 3278:SEM 3272:101 3258:CAP 3252:101 3218:CAP 3196:GAS 3174:SEM 3152:GAS 3058:SEM 3030:GAS 3000:GAS 2976:CAP 2950:GAS 2924:SEM 2904:GAS 2841:GAS 2821:CAP 2758:CAP 2736:GAS 2685:SEM 2607:SEM 2593:GBA 2567:GAS 2533:GBA 2527:CAP 2478:GAS 2452:GPP 2411:GAS 2391:CAP 2357:GBA 2345:GAS 2331:GBA 2325:CAP 2311:GBA 2231:GAS 2205:GAS 2183:CAP 2169:GBA 2145:GAS 2086:CGP/ 2049:OAST 2023:CAP 1991:GAS 1965:CAP 1883:GAS 1859:CAP 1845:GBA 1819:GAS 1777:CAP 1773:SUVE 1755:CAP 1751:RKGM 1702:GCP 1685:CAP 1641:CAP 1603:GAS 1580:-01 1578:LDCE 1574:CAP 1545:GAS 1525:CAP 1511:GBA 1487:GAS 1473:GBA 1445:GAS 1426:USAF 1413:GSFC 1410:NASA 1405:AFAL 1398:MDAC 1370:CAP 1367:-01 1365:MPEC 1325:GAS 1322:-01 1300:GAS 1256:GAS 1213:GAS 1193:GAS 1163:GAS 1131:GAS 1107:GAS 1071:GAS 1029:GAS 995:GAS 957:GAS 921:GAS 897:GAS 877:GAS 857:GAS 819:STS 748:and 702:NASA 646:NASA 633:173 213:NASA 170:NASA 148:NASA 59:news 3907:hdl 3899:doi 3553:HH 3518:HH 3378:HH 3238:HH 3232:95 3212:96 3188:95 3168:95 3146:95 3120:HH 3114:95 3100:HH 3094:95 3080:HH 3074:94 3050:91 3018:91 2990:90 2970:90 2938:89 2918:88 2898:88 2884:HH 2878:88 2861:HH 2855:88 2835:87 2815:87 2795:87 2778:HH 2772:87 2752:86 2728:85 2705:HH 2699:85 2679:85 2647:HH 2641:85 2627:HH 2621:83 2601:80 2541:77 2521:77 2498:HH 2492:77 2472:76 2455:HH 2449:74 2435:HH 2429:72 2405:72 2385:72 2371:HH 2365:72 2339:69 2319:69 2305:HH 2297:69 2277:69 2258:HH 2255:-1 2253:IEH 2249:69 2221:68 2197:67 2177:66 2139:64 2125:HH 2122:-1 2116:64 2093:HH 2090:-2 2083:63 2054:HH 2051:-2 2045:62 2011:62 1979:60 1953:60 1939:HH 1927:60 1901:60 1873:59 1853:59 1813:57 1799:HH 1791:57 1769:56 1747:55 1733:HH 1729:DXS 1725:54 1705:HH 1699:53 1679:52 1665:HH 1661:ASP 1657:52 1633:51 1597:47 1559:46 1539:45 1519:43 1481:42 1439:40 1422:NRL 1401:MDE 1393:HH 1390:-1 1388:STP 1384:39 1361:39 1347:HH 1339:35 1316:34 1292:28 704:'s 668:in 656:in 215:'s 42:by 5176:: 4638:IV 3905:. 3897:. 3887:34 3885:. 3881:. 3759:. 3743:. 983:8 939:7 911:6 891:5 871:4 851:3 714:$ 662:$ 554:16 520:15 486:20 469:10 452:20 435:12 359:12 342:12 325:23 308:14 4883:e 4876:t 4869:v 4643:V 4633:I 4412:) 4408:( 4399:) 4395:( 4295:) 4291:( 4246:B 4241:A 4038:e 4031:t 4024:v 3915:. 3909:: 3901:: 3893:: 3784:. 1424:/ 1403:/ 742:8 619:6 602:9 585:1 571:0 537:3 503:6 421:0 404:2 390:0 376:0 291:2 109:) 103:( 98:) 94:( 84:· 77:· 70:· 63:· 36:.

Index


verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Getaway Special"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
Learn how and when to remove this message

NASA
experiments
Space Shuttle
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

STS-91
NASA
Shuttle program
John Yardley
Trans World Airlines
Thiokol
Utah State University
Columbia
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
STS-107
Freestar experiment
NASA
NASA Headquarters

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.