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technically correct, the information can still provide an understanding of the science of astronomy at the time it was created. There are a few topics that could be areas of interest to astronomers, such as the Leiden
Planetary Configuration, which presents a partial heliocentric theory, that Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun. This theory shows that among ancient astronomers there was a variety of theories being used that did not solely include the geocentric theory. The manuscript reflects the clarity of the night sky in the Middle Ages, a time without modern air pollution or light pollution. Medieval people generally had a much greater knowledge of the constellations than modern people do today.
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Boulogne-ser-Mer. After the thirty six images of the constellations, there are two images which represent the five known planets at the time. Four male heads and one female head that are detached represent these five planets and they are described as "wandering stars" that "follow a different law." The five planets are Saturn, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and Mars. On a different page, four female heads represent the four changing seasons.
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script used by the Romans for literary manuscripts and kept by the
Carolingians for secular works. The type of text was very common, and used often during these times. This text is taken from the Latin translations of Arateaus's poem by Germania. Each image contains a text description underneath, so
263:
version of
Germanicus' treatise; the subjects modeled in a "lively, illusionistic" manner typical of ancient painting. The missing constellations, Virgo Centaurus with Lupus and Corona Australis can be found in a different tenth-century copy of the Leiden Aratea located in the municipal library of
221:
Scholars often view this manuscript as something that can offer an art historical perspective, but doesn't really give much accurate astronomical information regarding constellations, planets, or other natural phenomena at the time. Although the majority of the information in the manuscript is not
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Constellations, planets and the seasons are depicted in 39 full-page miniatures, all on the verso pages, with corresponding poetical descriptions on the recto. It contains 42 constellations, but at least five miniatures are lost. The lost constellations and miniatures include the Sun and Moon,
267:
Folio 93v consists of a full-page planetarium. The planets paths are described along the lines in
Carolingian minuscule. Around the border there are small figures that represent the zodiac signs, which is interesting because this is a copy from a fourth century manuscript called the
131:, including some of the first artistic depictions on paper of the Greek constellations. The artist has made no effort to place the stars correctly according to their positions in the sky so the images cannot be considered true star charts.
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17:
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the manuscript is mostly considered a picture book. An exception to the use of the capitalis rustica script is folio 93v, the planetarium, where the routes of the planets are inscribed with quotes from Pliny's
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There are 99 extant folios measuring 225 by 200 millimetres (9 by 8 in); four were lost before 1600. Besides these four, the manuscript is complete. The work contains 39
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codices that were produced in his court. There are many translations and copies of this text, so it is very well known throughout the Middle East and Europe.
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During the Middle Ages, artists were specifically trained to copy each other. This resulted in a large number of exact copies of the same manuscripts.
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Richard
Mostert and Marco Mostert, "Using astronomy as an aid to dating manuscripts, The example of the Leiden Aratea planetarium",
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The Role of
Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts in the Transmission of Astronomical Knowledge in the Middle Ages
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A high-quality facsimile was published in 1989. That same year the book was rebound by Lucie Gimbrére, a
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Jupiter, and the constellations of
Centaurus and Virgo. The illustrations are probably copied from a
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168:. The name Aratea means that it was a text derived from the lore of an astronomer whose name was
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Each picture contains a blue background with a red border, and the image central to the paper.
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Dekker, Elly (2010). "THE PROVENANCE OF THE STARS IN THE LEIDEN "ARATEA" PICTURE BOOK".
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Age of spirituality: late antique and early
Christian art, third to seventh century
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Codices
Illustres: The world's most famous illuminated manuscripts, 400 to 1600
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The copy of
Boulogne-sur-Mer has also been digitized and is available online.
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718:; full text available online from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
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De Hamel, Christopher (2016). "Meetings With Remarkable Manuscripts".
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Germanicus, Aratea (Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, Voss. lat. Q 79)
683:. “The Provenance of the Stars in the Leiden ‘Aratea’ Picture Book.”
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Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
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The Leiden Aratea: Ancient Constellations in a Medieval Manuscript
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The Leiden Aratea: Ancient Constellations in a Medieval Manuscript
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and has been dated to around 816. It was produced at the court of
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545:, Bibliothèque municipale des Annonciades, Boulogne-sur-Mer,
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The Leiden Aratea was created for a wealthy patron, possibly
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acquired the manuscript in Ghent in 1573. It was owned by
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Gee, Emma (2018). "Astronomical Facts or Poetic Form?".
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183:(France). The notice indicates that it comes from the
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Gee, E. (2018). "Astronomical Facts or Poetic Form?"
152:. Two copies were made of the manuscript in northern
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in 1600 and was used as a source for his edition of
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179:is kept at the Annonciades municipal library in
120:, who ruled from 814–840. It is one of the four
685:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
444:. Malibu, California: The J. Paul Getty Museum.
404:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
736:Bibliographic description of the Leiden Aratea
668:"Illustrating the works of Aratus and Hyginus"
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460:"Illustrating the works of Aratus and Hyginus"
112:. The manuscript was created in the region of
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859:The Netherlands Institute for the Near East
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725:, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
692:Journal for the History of Astronomy
646:Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts
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1049:9th-century illuminated manuscripts
844:Leiden University College The Hague
834:Institute of Environmental Sciences
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601:Walther, Ingo F. and Norbert Wolf.
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272:instead of a copy from the Aratea.
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304:Ophiuchus, Serpens & Scorpius
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808:List of Leiden University people
480:associated prints from Grotius'
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1074:9th-century writers in Latin
977:Japan Prizewinners Programme
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972:Himalayan Languages Project
740:Leiden University Libraries
605:. Cologne, TASCHEN, 2005.
440:Katzenstein, Ranee (1988).
235:The text is written in the
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708:Metropolitan Museum of Art
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588:– via Sage Journals.
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943:Leiden Jerusalem Talmud
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880:Hortus Botanicus Leiden
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950:Psalter of Saint Louis
824:African Studies Centre
626:. Getty Publications.
156:around the year 1000.
923:Homunculus loxodontus
642:de Hamel, Christopher
387:, 20 (1999): 248–261.
248:Carolingian minuscule
185:Abbey of Saint-Bertin
175:Another copy of this
875:Bibliotheca Thysiana
618:Savage-Smith, Emilie
616:Katzenstein, Ranee;
485:on Wikimedia Commons
416:10.1086/JWCI41418712
967:Crayenborgh College
890:Leiden Observatory
721:Dolan, M. (2007).
482:Syntagma Arateorum
426:– via JSTOR.
217:Scientific Context
166:Syntagma Arateorum
88:, also called the
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839:Leiden Law School
778:Leiden University
706:, no. 190, 1979,
655:978-0-241-00304-6
633:978-0-89236-142-7
238:capitalis rustica
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916:Collections
796:Hester Bijl
541:Manuscript
522:The Library
364:Planetarium
226:Description
204:Benedictine
122:Carolingian
96:copy of an
94:illuminated
63:Language(s)
1028:Categories
868:Affiliates
673:2015-11-30
465:2022-10-03
254:Miniatures
208:Oosterhout
195:Facsimiles
189:Saint-Omer
140:Provenance
129:miniatures
106:Phaenomena
102:Germanicus
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424:193326942
384:Quaerendo
340:Andromeda
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644:(2016).
620:(1988).
478:See the
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292:Hercules
114:Lorraine
92:, is an
86:, VLQ 79
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960:Related
700:, ed.,
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206:nun of
135:History
793:Rector
786:People
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328:Auriga
316:Boötes
154:France
150:Judith
110:Aratus
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370:Notes
352:Aries
177:codex
67:Latin
712:ISBN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
